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Statistical Mechanics
Daily Dose Practice Problem
With Answer Key
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
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[Date]
𝑎
1. (𝑃 + ) (𝑉 − 𝑏) = 𝑅𝑇 represents the equation of state of some gases. Where 𝑃 is the
𝑉2
pressure, 𝑉 is the volume, 𝑇 is the temperature and 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑅 are the constants. The
𝑏2
physical quantity, which has dimensional formula as that of , will be
𝑎
(a) Bulk modulus (b) Compressibility
(c) Modulus of rigidity (d) Energy density
2. The equation of state for a van der waals gas is given by
N2
(P + 2 a) (V − Nb) = NK B T
V
The work done when the gas expands quasistatic ally and isothermally from volume
𝑉1 to 𝑉2 is
(V2 − Nb) 1 1
(a) − NK B T ln ( ) − aN 2 ( − )
(V1 − Nb) V2 V1
(𝑉2 − 𝑁𝑏) 1 1
(b) 𝑁𝐾𝐵 𝑇 ln ( ) − 𝑎𝑁 2 ( − )
(𝑉1 − 𝑁𝑏) 𝑉2 𝑉1
(𝑉2 − 𝑁𝑏) 1 1
(c) − 𝑁𝐾𝐵 𝑇 ln ( ) + 𝑎𝑁 2 ( − )
(𝑉1 − 𝑁𝑏) 𝑉2 𝑉1
(𝑉2 − 𝑁𝑏) 1 1
(d) 𝑁𝐾𝐵 𝑇 ln ( ) + 𝑎𝑁 2 ( − )
(𝑉1 − 𝑁𝑏) 𝑉2 𝑉1
3. Consider two containers 𝐴 and 𝐵 containing monoatomic gases at the same pressure
(𝑃), volume (𝑉) and temperature ( 𝑇 ). The gas in 𝐴 is compressed isothermally to 1/8
of its original volume while the gas in 𝐵 is compressed adiabatically to 1/8 of its
original volume. The ratio of final pressure of gas in 𝐵 to that of gas in 𝐴 is
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(a) 83/2 (b) 8 (c) 1/8 (d) 4
4. One block at temperature T1 and another identical block at temperature T2 are placed in
thermal contact and come to an equilibrium, the system being isolated from
surroundings. If the heat capacities at constant volume C depend on temperature as C =
a𝑇, the entropy change of the system would be :
1/2
𝑇12 + 𝑇22 𝑇1 + 𝑇2
(a) a [2 ( ) − 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 ] (b)a [ ]
2 2
(𝑇1 + 𝑇2 )2 2𝑇1 𝑇2
(c) a ln [ ] (d)a ln [ ]
4𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑇1 + 𝑇2
5. The free energy for a photon gas is given by
𝑎
𝐹 = − ( ) 𝑉𝑇 4
3
where 𝑎 is a constant. Find the entropy 𝑆 and the pressure 𝑃 of the photon gas?
4 4 2 𝑎
(a)𝑆 = 𝑎𝑉𝑇 2 , 𝑃 = 𝑇 4 (b)𝑆 = 𝑎𝑉𝑇 4 , 𝑃 = 𝑇 4
3 3 3 3
4 𝑎 4 𝑎
(c)𝑆 = 𝑎𝑉𝑇 3 , 𝑃 = 𝑇 4 (d)𝑆 = 𝑎𝑉𝑇 3 , 𝑃 = 𝑇 3
3 3 1 3
6. Consider a System of four non-interacting distinguishable particles, with each particle
localized to a Lattice site. The energy of each particle is restricted to values 𝐸 =
0, 𝜀0 , 2𝜀0 , 3𝜀0 , …. . The System is divided into two Subsystems 𝐴 and 𝐵, where Subsystem
𝐴 consisting of particles 1 and 2 while subsystem 𝐵 Consisting of particles 3 and 4
respectively. 𝐴 and 𝐵 ane initially thermally insulated from each other, with energies
𝐸𝐴 = 5𝜀0 and 𝐸𝐵 = 𝜀0 what are the possible microstates of the composite System?
(a) 15 (b) 17 (c) 84 (d) 12
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7. Consider a System of two identical Bosons each of which can occupy any of three energy
states of energy 0, 𝜀 and 2 respectively. Which of the following statements describe the
system perfectly?
(a) wavefunction for the System of particles can be written as -
1 1 1 1 1
|𝜑⟩ = |0⟩ + |𝜀⟩ + |2𝜀⟩ + |3𝜀⟩ + |4𝜀⟩
6 6 3 6 6
(b) Wavefunction for the system of particles can be written as -
1 1 2 1
|𝜑⟩ = |0⟩ + |𝜀⟩ + |2𝜀⟩ + |𝛽𝜀⟩
6 3 3 6
(c) the energy most probable microstate is 3𝜀.
(d) The number of microstates corresponds to the minimum energy of the System is 4
8. The entropy of an ideal paramagnet. in a magnetic field is given approximately by
𝑆 = 𝑠0 − 𝑐𝑢2
where 𝑈 is the energy of the Spin system and 𝐶 is a constant with fixed mechanical
parameters of the System. which of the following shows the variation of 𝑈 versus 𝑇 for
all values of 𝑇
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9. Considering an one-dimensional ising model of interacting spins under toroidal
boundary Condition –
This boundary condition enables us to write the energy an -.
𝑁 𝑁
1
𝐸 = −J ∑ 𝑆𝑖 𝑆𝑖+1 − 𝐵 ∑ (𝑆𝑖 + 𝑆𝑖+1 )
2
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
the possible Eigenvalues of the transfer matrix 𝑇 are-
1
(𝛽 = )
𝑘𝐵 𝑇
𝐽
(a) 𝜆± = ±𝑒 𝑘𝐵 𝑇 cosh (𝛽𝐵)
2𝐽 𝐵
(b)𝜆± = ±𝑒 𝐵 𝑇 sinh
𝑘 ℎ2 ( )
𝑘𝐵 𝑇
2𝐽
−
(c)𝜆± = ±𝑒 𝐾𝐵 𝑇
𝐽 𝐵 −
2𝐽 2𝐽
2
𝐵 1/2
(d)𝜆± = 𝑒 𝑇 cosh
𝑘𝐵 ( ) ± [𝑒 𝑘𝐵 𝑇 𝑘 𝑇
+ 𝑒 sin h (
𝐵 )]
𝑘𝐵 𝑇 𝑘𝐵 𝑇
10. A solid melts into a liquid via first order phase transition. The relationship between the
pressure 𝑝 and the temperature 𝑇 of the phase transition is
𝑃 = −2𝑇 + 𝑃0 , where 𝑃0 is a Constant.
the entropy change associated with the phase transition is 1.0 J −1 mole−1 ⋅ K −1 . The
clausius-clapeyron equation for the Latent heat is
∂𝑃
𝐿 = 𝑇( ) Δ𝑉
∂𝑇
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Here, Δ𝑉 = 𝑉liquid − 𝑉solid
, is the change in molar volume at the phase transition. The correct statement relating
the values of the volume is:
(a) 𝑣liquid = 𝑣solid (b) 𝑣liquid = 𝑣solid − 1
1
(c) 𝑣liquid = 𝑣solid − (d) 𝑣liquid = 𝑣solid + 2
2
11. Consider an ensemble of systems where each microstate has equal probability. The
ensemble average of 𝑆𝑧 is
(a) −1/2 (b) 0 (c) 1/2 (d) 3/2
12. Consider a system of two non-interacting classical particles which can occupy any of the
three energy levels with energy values 𝐸 = 0, 𝜀 and 2𝜀 having degeneracies 𝑔(𝐸) = 1,2
and 4 respectively. The mean energy of the system is
4𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇) + 8𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−2𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇)
(a) 𝜀 ( )
1 + 2𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇) + 4𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−2𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇)
2𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇) + 8𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−2𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇)
(b) 𝜀 ( )
1 + 2𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇) + 4𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−2𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇)
2𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇) + 4𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−2𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇)
(c) 𝜀 ( )
1 + 2𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇) + 4𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−2𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇)
𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇) + 2𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−2𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇)
(d) 𝜀 ( )
1 + 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇) + 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (−2𝜀/𝑘𝐵 𝑇)
13. The entropy function of a system is given by 𝑆(𝐸) = 𝑎𝐸 (𝐸0 − 𝐸 ) where 𝑎 and 𝐸0 are
positive constants. The temperature of the system is
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(a) negative for some energies
(b) increases monotonically with energy
(c) decreases monotonically with energy
(d) zero
14. Consider a system of 3 fermions which can occupy any of the 4 available energy with
equal probability. The energy of the system is
(a) 𝑘𝐵 ln 2 (b) 2𝑘𝐵 ln 2 (c) 2𝑘𝐵 ln 4 (d) 3𝑘𝐵 ln 4
15. The entropy of a gas containing N particles enclosed in a volume V is given by
𝑎𝑉𝐸 3/2
𝑆 = 𝑁𝑘𝐵 ln ( )
𝑁 3/2
where E is the total energy, 𝑎 is a constant and 𝑘𝐵 is the Boltzmann constant. The
chemical potential 𝜇 of the system at a temperature T is given by
𝑎𝑉𝐸 3/2 5 𝑎𝑉𝐸 3/2 3
(a)𝜇 = −𝑘𝐵 𝑇 [ln ( 5/2 ) − ] (b)𝜇 = −𝑘𝐵 𝑇 [ln ( 5/2 ) − ]
𝑁 2 𝑁 2
𝑎𝑉𝐸 3/2 5 𝑎𝑉𝐸 3/2 3
(c)𝜇 = −𝑘𝐵 𝑇 [ln ( 3/2 ) − ] (d)𝜇 = −𝑘𝐵 𝑇 [ln ( 3/2 ) − ]
𝑁 2 𝑁 2
16. The entropy 𝑆 of a system of 𝑁 spins, which may align either in the upward or in the
downward direction, is given by 𝑆 = −𝑘𝐵 𝑁[𝑝ln 𝑝 + (1 − 𝑝)ln (1 − 𝑝)]. Here 𝑘𝐵 is the
Boltzmann constant. The probability of alignment in the upward direction is 𝑝. The
value of 𝑝, at which the entropy is maximum, is____________ (Give your answer upto one
decimal place)
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17. A collection of N two-level systems with energies 0 and E > 0 is in thermal equilibrium
at temperatures T. For 𝑇 → ∞, the specific heat approaches
(a) 0 (b) 𝑁𝑘𝐵 (c) 3𝑁𝑘𝐵 /2 (d) ∞
18. Consider three situations of 4 particles in a one dimensional box of width 𝐿 with hard
walls. In case (i), the particles are fermions, in case (ii) they are bosons, and in case (iii)
they are classical. If the total ground state energy of the four particles in these three
cases are EF , EB and Ecl respectively, which of the following is true?
(a) EF = EB = Ed (b)EF > EB = Ed
(c) EF < EB < Ed (d)EF > EB > Ed
19. A particle in thermal equilibrium has only 3 possible states with energies −𝜖, 0, 𝜖. If the
𝜖
system is maintained at a temperature 𝑇 ≫ , then the average energy of the particle
𝑘𝐵
can be approximated to,
2∈ −2𝜖 2 −𝜖 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
2𝑘𝐵 𝑇 3𝑘𝐵 𝑇 𝑘𝐵 𝑇
20. When a collection of two-level systems is in equilibrium at temperature 𝑇0 , the ratio of
the population in the lower and upper levels is 2: 1. When the temperature is changed
to T, the ratio is 8: 1. Then
(a) T = 2 T0 (b) T0 = 2 T (c) T0 = 3 T (d) T0 = 4 T
Answer Key
1. b 2. a 3. d 4. a 5. c 6. d 7. a 8. c 9. d 10. c
11. b 12. b 13. a 14. b 15. a 16. 0.5 17. a 18. b 19. b 20. c
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