ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: System Disorder

sarah glover
STUDENT NAME______________________________________
diabetes mellitus type 2
DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESS___________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER____________

Alterations in Pathophysiology Related Health Promotion and

Health (Diagnosis) to Client Problem Disease Prevention
Type II Diabetes: Based upon each individual's manifestation. The classic
symptoms are polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (frequent thirst), and Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic multisystem Patient and caregiver teaching and follow-up programs
polyphagia (frequent hunger). Patients are typically overweight or obese. Related
complications include: fatigue, recurrent infections, prolonged wound healing, and disease characterized by hyperglycemia Nutritional therapy
visual changes. Candida infections. Prolonged wound healing and visual changes.
related to abnormal insulin production, Exercise therapy

impaired insulin utilization, or both. Self-monitoring of blood glucose

ASSESSMENT SAFETY
CONSIDERATIONS
Risk Factors Expected Findings Proper medication
Diagnosis of DM: One of four following methods: administration and
Type I Diabetes: A genetic predisposition and/or exposure to a virus
A1C of 6.5% or higher procedure for insulin
Type II Diabetes: being overweight or obese, being older, having a Fasting plasma glucose level greater than or equal to 126mg/dL (no caloric intake for at least 8 hours) administration including:
family history
Two-hour plasma glucose level greater than or equal to 200mg/dL during an OGTT, using glucose load of

More prevalent in ethnic populations than whites

75 g
Blood glucose readings and
Patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, unexplained weight
loss) or hyperglycemic crisis and a random plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL rights of administration

Foot and eye exams to

monitor for progressive
symptoms
Laboratory Tests Diagnostic Procedures Skin assessments
History and Physical Examination, BP
Blood tests: fasting blood glucose, postprandial Self-management of blood
Neurologic exam, EKG, Ankle-brachial index
blood glucose, A1C, fructosamine, lipid profile, sugar levels and
Funduscopic examination (dilated eye exam)
blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, improvement of lifestyle to
Dental Examination, foot exam/skin assessment, monitoring of Weight, monitor blood glucose
electrolytes, islet cell autoantibodies, complete decrease co-morbidities
urinalysis, albuminuria, and acetone

PATIENT-CENTERED CARE Complications

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Nursing Care Medications Client Education Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic
Exercise essential part of pre-diabetes and diabetes management Syndrome (HHS)
Effectiveness of therapy, side effects of therapy Insulin Patient and caregiver teaching for insulin therapy
Hypoglycemia
Self-management behaviors Self-teaching related to nutritional therapy
Oral and non-insulin Self-monitoring of blood glucose Angiopathy
Teaching patient and caregiver in all aspects of care
injectable agents Personal hygiene
Macro and Microvascular
Disease process
complications
Enteric-coated aspirin Medication
Diabetic Retinopathy
Risk reduction and psychosocial

Angiotensin-convertin Nephropathy

g enzyme (ACE) Diabetic Neuropathy

Therapeutic Procedures inhibitors Interprofessional Care Complication of feet and lower

extremities
Acute care Angiotensin II Dietician, Podiatrist, Integumentary complications
receptor blockers
(ARBs) Ophthalmologist, Infection
Ambulatory care
Endocrinologist,
Antihyperlipidemic Podiatrist, Physical
Insulin therapy, oral and drugs
non-insulin injectable agents therapy, OT

ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES Therapeutic Procedure A11