ENTHUSE
IIT CHEMISTRY
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
HEATING EFFECTS
1. HEATING EFFECT OF CARBONATE & BICARBONATE SALTS :
(a) Heating effect of carbonate salts :
Metal carbonate ¾¾
D
® metal oxide + CO2
D
(i) MCO3 ¾¾ ® MO + CO2 [M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba]
D
(ii) MgCO3 ¾¾ ® MgO + CO2
(iii) Cu
144
(OH) 2 .CuCO 3
42444 3 ¾¾D
® 2CuO + CO2 + H2O
Basic Cu ( II ) carbonate (black)
high
temperature
Cu2O + O2
(red)
D
(iv) ZnCO 3 ¾¾® ZnO + CO2
white Yellow( hot )
white ( cold )
D
(v) PbCO3 ¾¾® PbO + CO
Yellow 2
D
(vi) Li2CO3 ¾¾® Li2O + CO2
D
(vii) (NH 4 )2 CO3 ¾¾ ® 2NH 3 + H 2 O + CO2 Very Important
350ºC
Pb3O4 + CO + CO2 + H2O
(viii) Pb(OH)2.2PbCO3
White lead
700–800ºC
Bunsen burner
3PbO + 2CO2 + H2O
temperature
(ix) All carbonates except (Na, K, Rb, Cs) decompose on heating giving CO2
(x) Carbonates salts of (Na, K, Rb, Cs) do not decompose on heating, they are melt on high
temperature.
(xi) Oxides of heavier metals are less stable so further decompose into metal & oxygen
D 1
(xii) Ag 2 CO3 ¾¾ ® 2Ag + CO 2 + O 2
Black 2
white
(yellowish white)
D 1
(xi) HgCO3 ¾¾® Hg + O + CO2
2 2
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 1
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
(b) Heating effect of bicarbonate :
D
(i) Metal bicarbonate ¾¾ ® metal carbonate + CO2
except (Na, K, Rb, Cs)
metal oxide + CO2
D 2–
(ii) [General reaction 2HCO¯
3
¾¾® CO3 +H2O + CO2]
(iii) All bicarbonates decompose to give carbonates and CO2. eg.
D
(iv) 2NaHCO3 ¾¾® Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
D
(v) Mg(HCO3)2 ¾¾® MgO + 2CO2 + H2O
2. HEATING EFFECT OF HYDRATED SULPHATE SALTS :
D
(i) Metal Sulphate Metal Oxide + SO3
(M=Be,Zn,Mg,Ca,Cu,Pb) T > 800ºC
1 O
SO2 +
2 2
CuSO4 .5H 2O ¾100
¾¾°C
® CuSO 4 .H 2O ¾220
¾¾ °C
® CuSO 4 ¾>¾
800°C 1
(ii) -4H2O - H 2O
¾¾ ® CuO + SO2 + O
Blue vitriol Bluish White White 2 2
CuO + SO3
Black
°C
(iii) FeSO 4 .7H 2 O ¾300
¾¾ ® FeSO4 ¾¾¾® D
Strongly Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3 (very important)
Green vitriol - 7 H 2O
(iv) D
Fe2(SO4)3 ¾¾® Fe2O3 + 3SO3
1
(v) CaSO4.2H2O 120ºC–150ºC
(CaSO4. 1 H2O) + 1 H2O
gypsum 2 2
(Plaster of paris) or calcium sulphate hemihydrate
1
1 H2O
2 D 1
CaSO4.2H2O CaSO4 + H2O
another crystallographic Dead burnt
2
form of gypsum
hard & porous 1100ºC
CaO + SO3
70°- 200°C D > 800°C 1
¾70
(vi) ZnSO4.7H2O ¾¾°C
¾¾ ¾ ¾
® ZnSO4 .6H2O ¾>¾
¾®ZnSO4 .H2O 200°C
¾ 4 ¾ ¾¾® ZnO+SO2+
¾® ZnSO¾ O
– H 2O – 5H 2O – H 2O 2 2
D
(vii) MgSO 4 .7 H 2 O ¾
¾® MgSO4 ¯ [Same as ZnSO4 ]
epsom salt - 7 H 2O
(viii) D
2NaHSO3 ¾¾®
(ix) D
2NaHSO4 ¾¾® Na2SO4 + H2O + SO3
220°C
(x) Na2S2O3.5H2O ¾¾¾® Na2S2O3 + 5H2O
3Na2SO4 + Na2S5.
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 2
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
3. HEATING EFFECT OF NITRATE SALTS
D
(i) Metal nitrate ¾¾ ® metal oxide + NO2 + O2
D
(ii) 2M(NO3)2 ¾¾ ® 2MO + 4NO2 + O2
[M = all bivalent metals eg. Zn+2, Mg+2, Sr+2, Ca+2, Ba+2, Cu+2, Pb+2]
D
1
(iii) 2LiNO3 ¾¾ ® Li2O + 2NO2 + O2
2
D
1
(iv) MNO3 ¾¾ ® MNO2 + O
2 2
[M=Na,K,Rb,Cs]
high
temperature
3
M2O + N2 + O
2 2
1
(v) NaNO3 ¾¾¾
500 ºC
® NaNO2 + O
2 2
3
(vi) NaNO2 ¾¾¾
800 ºC
® NaO2 + N2 + O
2 2 700–800ºC
BeO + 2NO2 + 1/2 O2
(vii) BeCl2 ¾¾¾
N2 O4
® Be(NO3 )2.2N2 O4 ¾¾¾¾¾
Warm to 50ºC
under vaccum
® Be(NO3)2 125ºC
[Be4O(NO3)6]
basic beryllium nitrate
Exception : If formed oxide is of heavier metal then it being less stable and further decomposed in
to metal and oxygen.
D
(viii) Hg(NO3)2 ¾¾ ® Hg + 2NO2 + O2
D
(ix) 2AgNO3 ¾¾ ® 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
4. HEATING EFFECT OF AMMONIUM SALTS :
If anionic part is oxdising in nature, then N2 will be the product (some times N2O).
D
(i) (NH4)2Cr2O7 ¾¾ ® N2 + Cr2O3 + 4H2O {This reaction is used for making artificial volcano}
(orange solid) (green)
D
(ii) NH4NO2 ¾¾ ® N2 + 2H2O
D
(iii) NH4NO3 ¾¾ ® N2O + 2H2O
D
(iv) 2NH4 ClO4 ¾¾ ® N2 + Cl2 + 2O2 + 4H2O
D
(v) 2NH4 IO3 ¾¾ ® N2 + I2 + O2 + 4H2O
If anionic part weakly oxidising or non oxidising in nature then NH3 will be the product.
D
(i) (NH4)2HPO4 ¾¾ ® HPO3 + H2O + 2NH3
D
(ii) (NH4)2SO4 ¾¾ ® NH3 + H2SO4
D
(iii) 2(NH4)3PO4 ¾¾ ® 2NH3 + P2O5 + 3H2O
D
(iv) (NH4)2CO3 ¾¾ ® 2NH3 + H2O + CO2
(v) D
NH4Cl ¾¾ ® NH3 + HCl
(vi) D
(NH4)2S ¾¾ ® NH3 + H2S
(vii) CH3COONH4 ¾¾ D
® CH3COOH + NH3
(viii) D
(NH4)2MoO4 ¾¾ ® NH3 + MoO3 + H2O
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 3
www. [Link]
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
5. HEATING EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE SALTS :
(i) 1º Phosphate salts gives metaphosphate salt on heating.
D
NaH2PO4 ¾¾® H2O + NaPO3
(ii) 2º Phosphate salts gives pyrophosphate
D
Na2HPO4 ¾¾® H2O + Na4P2O7
(iii) 3º Phosphate salt have no heating effect
D
Na3PO4 ¾¾® No effect
D
(iv) Na(NH4)HPO4.4H2O ¾¾® NaNH4HPO4 ¾High
¾¾ ¾® NaPO3 + NH3 + H2O
temp .
-4H O 2
microcosmic salt
D
(v) 2Mg(NH4)PO4 ¾¾® Mg2P2O7 + 2NH3 + H2O
6. HEATING EFFECT OF HALIDES SALTS :
D
(i) 2FeCl3 ¾¾® 2FeCl2 + Cl2
D
(ii) AuCl3 ¾¾® AuCl + Cl2
D
(iii) Hg2Cl2 ¾¾® HgCl2 + Hg
D
(iv) NH4Cl ¾¾® NH3 + HCl
D
(v) Pb(SCN)4 ¾¾® Pb(SCN)2 + (SCN)2
D
(vi) PbCl4 ¾¾® PbCl2 + Cl2
D
(vii)PbBr4 ¾¾® PbBr2 + Br2 [PbI4 does not exists]
(viii) HgI 2 HgI 2
scarlet red yellow
7. HEATING EFFECT OF HYDRATED CHLORIDE SALTS
D
(i) MgCl2 . 6H2O ¾¾® MgO + 2HCl + 5H2O
D
(ii) 2FeCl3 . 6H2O ¾¾® Fe2O3 + 6HCl + 9H2O
D
(iii) 2AlCl3 . 6H2O ¾¾® Al2O3 + 6HCl + 9H2O
°C 140°C
CoCl . 6H O ¾50°C
¾ ¾ ® CoCl2 .4H 2 O ¾58
¾¾ ® CoCl 2 .2H 2O ¾¾¾® CoCl 2
(iv) 2 2
Pink - 2 H 2O Re d violet - 2 H 2O Blue
Pink - 2 H 2O
Hydrated Co2+ salt - Pink Anhydrous Co2+ salt - Blue
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 4
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
8. HEATING EFFECT OF OXIDE :
D
¾¾® ZnO ZnO
(i) 2Ag2O 4Ag + O2 (ii) white yellow
300°C
D 1 PbO PbO
(iii) PbO2 ¾¾® PbO + O (iv)
2 2 yellow Red
(Massicot) (Litharge)
(v) 3MnO2 ¾900°C Pb 3O 4
¾¾ ® Mn3O4 + O2 (vi)
Red lead
6PbO + O2
Litharge
D 7
(vii)2CrO5 ¾¾® Cr2O3 + O (viii) K 2O K 2O
2 2 (White) (yellow)
D 5 D 400°C 1
(ix) I2O5 ¾¾® I2 + O (x) HgO ¾¾® HgO ¾strong
¾¾® Hg + O
2 2 yellow red heating 2 2
3
(xi) 2CrO3 ¾420°C
¾¾ ® Cr2O3 + 2 O2
9. HEATING EFFECT OF PERMANGANATE :
2KMnO4 ¾¾¾
513K
® K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
dark puple (green) (black)
(almost black)
10. HEATING EFFECT OF DICHROMATE & CHROMATE SALTS :
D 3
2K2Cr2O7 ¾¾® 2K2CrO4 + Cr2O3 + O2
2
orange yellow green
11. HEATING EFFECT OF ACIDS :
D 1
(i) 2HNO3 ¾¾® H2O + 2NO2 + O2
conc. 2
444°C
(ii) H2SO4 ¾¾¾® H2O + SO3
1
(iii) H2SO4 ¾>¾
800°C
¾¾® H2O + SO2 + O
2 2
(iv) 3H2SO3 ¾® 2H2SO4 + S¯ + H2O
(v) 3HNO2 ¾® HNO3 + 2NO + H2O
(vi) HClO3¾® HClO4 + ClO2 + H2O
(vii)3HOCl ¾® 2HCl +HClO3
D
(viii)4H3PO3 ¾¾® 3H3PO4 + PH3
200°C
(ix) 2H3PO2 ¾® H3PO4 + PH3
(x) 2NaH2PO2 ¾® Na2HPO4 + PH3
D
(xi) H2C2O4 ¾¾® H2O + CO + CO2
(xii)H3PO4 ¾220°C 320°C >320°C
¾¾ ® H4P2O7 ¾¾¾® 4HPO3 ¾¾ ¾ ¾® 2P2O5 + 2H2O
Re d
® 4HBO2 ¾¾¾® H2B4O7 ¾¾¾® 2B O + H O
(xiii)H3BO3 ¾100°C 140°C
¾¾ hot 2 3 2
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 5
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
12. HEATING EFFECTS OF ACETATE SALTS
Metal acetate D Metal + CH3COCH3
Carbonate
(M = LiBe Mg)
Metal oxide + CO2
D
(i) Pb(OAc)2 ¾¾® PbO + CO2 + CH3COCH3
D
(ii) Mg(OAc)2 ¾¾® MgO + CO2 + CH3COCH3
D
(iii) Be(OAc)2 ¾¾® BeO + CO2 + CH3COCH3
D
(iv) Ca(OAc)2 ¾¾® CaCO3 + CH3COCH3
D
(v) Ba(OAc)2 ¾¾® BaCO3 + CH3COCH3
D
(vi) CH3CO2K ¾¾® K2CO3 + CH3COCH3
13. HEATING EFFECTS OF OXALATE SALTS
D
Metal oxalate Metal + CO + CO2
Carbonate
(M = LiBe Mg)
Metal oxide + CO2
D
(i) 7Na2C2O4 ¾¾® 7Na2CO3 + 2CO2 + 3CO + 2C
D
(ii) SnC2O4 ¾¾® SnO + CO2 + CO
D
(iii) FeC2O4 ¾¾® FeO + CO + CO2
D
(iv) Ag2C2O4 ¾¾® 2Ag + 2CO2
D
(v) HgC2O4 ¾¾® Hg + 2CO2
14. HEATING EFFECTS OF FORMATE SALTS
® Na2C2O4 + H2
(i) HCO2Na ¾350°C
¾¾
D
1
(ii) HCOOAg ¾¾® HCOOH + 2Ag + O2 + CO
2
CO2
1
(iii) (HCOO)2Hg ¾® HCOOH + Hg + O2 + CO
2
CO2
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 6
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
EXERCISE # 1
Single correct
1. Which of the following does not give metal oxide on heating
(A) NaCO3 (B) K2CO3 (C) Rb2CO3 (D) All of these
2. Which of the following metal bicarbonate will give metal oxide and CO2 on heating
(A) NaHCO3 (B) Mg(HCO3)2 (C) KHCO3 (D) Rb2CO3
3. Which of the following metal nitrate will give metal and oxygen on heating :
(A) KNO3 (B) NaNO3 (C) AgNO3 (D) RbNO3
4. Which of the following nitrate will give N2O on heating :
(A) NH4NO3 (B) NH4NO2 (C) NaNO3 (D) AgNO3
5. Which of the following ammonium salt will not give acid on heating :
(A) (NH4)2HPO4 (B) (NH4)2MoO4 (C) (NH4)2SO4 (D) NH4Cl
6. Which of the following lead halide will not give halogen gas on heating :
(A) PbCl4 (B) PbBr4 (C) PbI4 (D) All of these
7. Select the correct statements
(A) Hydrated Co+2 salt is pink (B) Anhydrous Co+2 salt is of blue colour
(C) Hybridisation of CoCl2.6H2O is sp3d2 (D) All of these
8. Which of the following metal sulphate will give SO2 and SO3 both gaseous product on heating :
(A) CuSO4 (B) FeSO4 (C) Fe2(SO4)3 (D) CaSO4
9. Which of the following compound is called dead burnt plaster :
1
(A) CaSO4. HO (B) CaSO4.2H2O (C) CaSO4 (anhy.) (D) None of these
2 2
10. When NaH2PO4 is heated then which of the following compound is formed :
(A) Na4P2O7 (B) Na3PO4 (C) HPO3 (D) NaPO3
11. When Na2HPO4 is heated then which of the following compound is formed :
(A) Na4P2O7 (B) Na3PO4 (C) HPO3 (D) NaPO3
12. When CrO3 is heated then ........ + ........ are formed :
–2
(A) Cr2O3, O2 (B) CrO2, O2 (C) Cr2O7 , O2 (D) None of these
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 7
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
More than one may be correct
13. Which of the following metal carbonate will give of metal and oxyen on heating-
(A) Ag2CO3 (B) HgCO3 (C) (NH4)2CO3 (D) PbCO3
D
14. A B + CO2 + H2O
(Carbonate salt) (Black)
(Green colour)
High
920ºC temperature
(C) + (D)
Select the correct statements -
(A) Compound (A) is basic copper carbonate
(B) Compound (B) CuO
(C) Compound (C) is Cu2O
(D) Compound (D) is paramagnetic in naturue
15. When Ag2CO3 is heated then product will be -
(A) Ag2O (B) Ag (C) O2 (D) CO2
16. When compound A (orange red) is heated then green colour oxide of (B) is formed and inert gas (C)
is formed then select the correct statements :
(A) Compound (A) is (NH4)2 Cr2O7
(B) Compound (B) is used in fire works
(C) Gas C is N2
(D) Heating effect of (A) is a type of intra molecular redox reaction
17. Which of the following hydrated salts will not become anhydrous on heating :
(A) MgCl2.6H2O (B) FeCl3.6H2O (C) AlCl3.6H2O (D) CoCl2.6H2O
18. Which of the following metal nitrate produce NO2 on heating
(A) Hg(NO3)2 (B) RbNO3 (C) Pb(NO3)2 (D) All of these
19. Which of the following oxides turns yellow on heating and becomes white on cooling :
(A) ZnO (B) K2O (C) PbO (D) Ag2O
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 8
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
Paragraph for Q. No. 20 to Q. No. 21
D
(A) (B) + (C) + (D)
(Orange solid) (yellow) (green) (Paramagnetic)
20. Compound (A) is :
(A) K2Cr2O7 (B) K2CrO4 (C) Cr2O3 (D) O2
21. Compound (C) is also obtained on heating of :
(A) (NH4)2Cr2O7 (B) NH4ClO4 (C) NH4NO3 (D) None of these
Paragarph for Q. No. 22 & 23
CaSO4. 1 H2O
2
(Plaster of paris)
1 HO
1
2 2 200ºC
(A) (B)
Another crystallographic
form of gypsum 1100ºC
(C) + (D)
22. Compound "A" is :
(A) CaSO4.2H2O (B) 2CaSO4.H2O (C) CaSO4.3H2O (D) CaSO4.5H2O
23. Compound "C" and "D" are respectivelly :
(A) CaO + SO2 (B) CaSO4 + SO2 (C) CaSO4 + SO3 (D) CaO + SO3
Matrix match
24. Match the column
Column-I Column-II
D
(A) Be(NO3)2 ¾¾ ® (P) Gives H2O
D
(B) HNO2 ¾¾ ® (Q) Oxyacid is obtained
D
(C) NaH2PO4 ¾¾ ® (R) Gives disproportionation reaction
D
(D) H3PO3 ¾¾ ® (S) Oxygen gas is evolved
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 9
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
25. Column-I (Compound) Column-II (Products on heating)
(A) NH4ClO4 (P) CO2 gas is evolved
(B) Mg(OAc)2 (Q) H2 gas is evolved
(C) HCOONa (above 350ºC) (R) N2 gas is evolved
(D) (NH4)2CO3 (S) Same gas is evolved which is obtained by heating
(NH4)2SO4
(T) Intra molecular redox reaction
Integer
26. When calamine is heated then a product (A) is formed then find the total number of following options
are correct for compound (A) -
(i) Compound (A) is white in cold conditions
(ii) Compound (A) is yellow in hot conditions
(iii) Compound (A) is called phillosopher's wool
(iv) Compound (A) when combined with CoO, then compound (B) is formed & colour of new
compound (B) is green
(v) Compound (B) is called Rinmann's green
27. 350ºC
Compound (A) (B) + (C) + (D) + (E)
(Red lead)
HNO3
(F) brown ppt. + metal nitrate + H2O
Find the number of correct statements -
(i) Formula of B is Pb 3 O 4
470C
(ii) When B is heated (P) + (Q) is formed where (P) is red litharge
Fused,cooled
(iii) When (P) ¾¾¾¾®
and powdered (R) is formed which is called yellow massicot
(iv) Compound (A) is called white lead [[Link](OH)2]
(v) Brown ppt. (F) is PbO2 which is used as a strong oxidising agent
(vi) Formula of (B) Pb2O3
(vii)Brown ppt. of (F) is PbO
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 10
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
HEATING EFFECT
28. NaNO3 ¾¾¾
500 ºC
® (A) + (B)
(A) ¾¾¾
800 ºC
® (C) + (D) + (E)
Find the number of correct statements
(1) Compound (B) is paramagnetic in nature
(2) Compound (B) when undergoes dimerisation then dimer product is diamagnetic in nature
(3) Bond order of compound (B) is two
(4) D is N2 gas
(5) Compound B and E are same gas
D
(A) (B) + (C) + (D)
29. (dark purple (green) (black)
almost black)
Find the number of correct statements
(1) Compound B is K2MnO4
(2) Compound C is MnO2
(3) Compound D is O2
(4) Compound B is paramagnetic in nature
(5) Compound D has two unpaired electron in bonding molecular orbital
30. Total number of compounds undergoes dispropornation redox reaction on heating
MnO2, HOCl, H3PO3, HNO2, CrO5, HClO3
31. On strong heating of H3PO4 and H3BO3, sum of oxidation number of P & B in the final product
obtained is
ANSWER KEY
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (B)
6. (C) 7. (D) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (D)
11. (A) 12. (A) 13. (A,B) 14. (A,B,C,D) 15. (B,C,D)
16. (A,B,C,D) 17. (A,B,C) 18. (A,C) 19. (A,B) 20. (A)
21. (A) 22. (A) 23. (D)
24. (A) → (S) ; (B) → (P, Q, R) ; (C) → (P) ; (D) → (Q, R)
25. (A) → (R, T) ; (B) → (P) ; (C) → (P, Q, T) ; (D) → (P, S)
26. (5) 27. (5) 28. (4) 29. (4) 30. (4)
31. (8)
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 11
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IIT CHEMISTRY
ENTHUSE
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