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Computation of electromagnetic fields around HVDC transmission line tying

EGYPT and KSA

Conference Paper · December 2017

DOI: 10.1109/MEPCON.2017.8301345

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 2017 Nineteenth International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON), Menoufia University, Egypt, 19-21 December 2017

Computation of Electromagnetic Fields Around

HVDC Transmission Line Tying Egypt and KSA
M. M. Samy*
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Beni-Suef, Beni Suef, Egypt
*Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, University of Albaha, AlBaha, KSA.
mohamed_227@[Link]

Abstract —The aim of this work is to compute the transmission distances fluctuating between 600 to
electromagnetic fields of a proposed high voltage direct current 700 km (5).
transmission line (HVDC) tying Egypt and KSA. The line is For the above technical benefits HVDC transmission is
flat configuration with a stressed voltage of 500 kV, bundle most commonly used for tying long distance power networks
four, normal height of 30.2 m from ground level to pole
with different frequencies and countries.
conductors and clearance between positive and negative pole of
31.1m. The line is analysed and simulated. The charge The line calls for construction of an electrical tying
simulation method (CSM) is used to calculate the electric field between Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The line will involve
at ground level for that line while the current simulation creating a transmission line to transfer power between the
technique is used to calculate the magnetic fields. two countries at peak times for each country, at a maximum
The maximum electric and magnetic fields of the line are power of 3000 MW. The line will also be utilized for an
affected by changing the height from ground level to pole electricity trade exchange, especially during the winter.
conductors. The effect of pole outage of the line on the spatial
distribution of the magnetic and electric field is also studied. The voltage rating of the line is 500 kV DC
Keywords — Electrical Interconnection; Charge Simulation
interconnection between both grids of Egypt and KSA,
Method; Current Simulation Technique; Extra High Voltage DC which are the largest in the Southern Mediterranean region,
Transmission Lines; Electric Fields; Right of Way; starts at Badr city in Egypt passing by Tabuk and ends at El-
Electromagnetic Field Effects and Hazards. Madinah El Munawara in KSA.
The line consists of three rectifier stations, in Badr-
I. INTRODUCTION Egypt, and in Tabuk and El-Madinah El Munawara in Saudi
Nowadays electrical tying between different countries is Arabia. The rectifier stations are connected by overhead
very important to exchange the power at various rush hours. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Line with the length
One of the most efficient methods to make the electrical of 1320 km and a submarine cable passing Gulf of Aqaba
connection is to use high voltage direct current transmission with length of 16 km and 4 km underground cable beside
(HVDC) due to its advantages. The major technical benefits Gulf of Aqaba area for the direct tying of both grids as
of HVDC are listed as follows (1-6): shown in Fig. 1 (7).
1- The HVDC power flow is fully controllable, fast Fig. 1. Schematic diagram for the proposed HVDC line interconnecting
and accurate. The operator or automatic controller
determines how much power flows through the link.
2- High voltage DC link is asynchronous and can
adapt to any rated voltage or frequency at reception.
The HVDC link can be used to help alternating
current (AC) power networks at each terminal of
the link (e.g. power system damping).
3- HVDC links do not increase the systems short
circuit level and faults can`t transfer across high
voltage DC tying systems.
4- HVDC can transfer energy economically and
efficiently over long distance than AC lines or
cables and, in a fixed corridor, HVDC gives
KSA and Egypt.
increased transmission capacity.
5- Huge HVDC schemes (5000 MW – 6400 MW) are Careful computation of the electromagnetic fields
used to access remote hydro power resources, hence underneath high voltage direct current transmission lines
renewable energy with less carbon dioxide serves also in line design. Description of the electromagnetic
emissions. fields at the ground level underneath HVDC transmission
lines has been introduced in many papers and researches (2,
6- HVDC is more economical than high voltage 3, 810).
alternating current (HVAC) for schemes with

978-1-5386-0990-3/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE

 In the present work charge simulation method (CSM) is B. Computing Magnetic Fields (17-19)
used for electric field calculation while the current Consider a single phase line of m subconductors, Fig. 3.
simulation technique (CST) is used for magnetic field Each subconductor current is simulated by a finite number n
computation. Also the right of way (ROW) is calculated and of filamentary line currents distributed on a fictitious
compared with those obtained before for AC lines carrying cylindrical surface of radius Rs (Rs is a fraction of the
the same power. subconductor radius R). The simulation currents ik, k = 1, 2, -
--------, 2nm must satisfy the following conditions:
II. METHOD OF COMPUTING ELECTROMAGNETIC
FIELDS 1- Zero normal component of the magnetic field
strength on the subconductors' surfaces.
A. Computing of Electric Fields
2- The sum of the filamentary line currents
The charge simulation method (CSM) for field simulating the subconductor current must be
computation in the vicinity of transmission lines was equal to the subconductor current.
introduced before in prior papers (916). In this method, the
distributed charge on the surface of a voltage stressed A number (2m (n-1)) of boundary points are chosen on the
conductor is exchanged by number n of fictitious simulation subconductors' surfaces to satisfy the boundary conditions,
charges positioned inside the conductor at a radius rf which is resulting in the fallowing set of equations:
to be a fraction of a conductor radius rc as shown in Fig. 2.
To get the magnitudes of the simulation charges, frontier
points are chosen on the conductor`s surface to accept the
boundary conditions.. At each border point, the potential due
to all the simulation charges is equal to the recognized
conductor potential. Let, Qj is the jth fictitious charge and V
is the known potential of the conductor. Thus, dirichlet
condition at the jth boundary points is formulated as:
n
V =  Pij Q j (1)
j 1

Fig. 3: Single phase transmission line with m subconductors

Where Pij is the potential coefficient, which can be
computed analytically depending on the type of simulation 2 nm
charges. Application of equation (1) is used to the n
boundary points results in the formulation of n linear
p
k 1
i  0, j  1,2,3,..............2m(n  1)
kj k
(5)
equations in n anonymous simulation charges, expressed as: nq

i k
k  ( q 1) n 1
 I cq , q  1,2,3,..............2m
[P]NxN [Q]N = [V]N (2) (6)
Where Pkj is the normal magnetic field coefficient
The solution of equation two finds the anonymous determined by the coordinates of the jth boundary point and
charges. Once the anonymous charges are got, the field the kth filamentary line current and is given by:
intensity values at any point beside the line conductors can 
1
sin  kj
be computed. While the potential is got by equation one, the P
kj 2lkj
components of electric field are computed by superposition (7)
principle of all the field vector components. For a system of  kj   kj   j
where , see Fig. 4.
Cartesian coordinate, the x, y components Ex and Ey are
expressed as:
N pij N
E x= 
j 1 x
Qj =  f 
j 1
x ij Qj (3)

N pij
 y Q  
N
E y= j
= fy Qj (4)
ij
j 1 j 1

Where (fx)ij, (fy)ij are "coefficients of field intensity" in the x

and y direction.

rc rf
Fig. 4:.The simulation currents locations

The set of equations 6 and 7 are to be solved simultaneously

Line charges for determining the 2nm unknown filamentary line currents.
Boundary points
Symmetry of transmission line may be considered to reduce
Fig. 2. Charge representation for the line conductor.
the number of equations and the new set of simulations
equations takes the form
 nm Table 1: Data of HVDC Transmission Line Tying Egypt and KSA.
( p
k 1
kj  skj )ik  0, j  1,2,3,.............., m(n  1)
Voltage Level 500kV (bipolar Line)
(8)
nq
Tower Type Suspension
i k
k ( q 1) n 1
 I cq , q  1,2,3,.............., m
Number of Circuits One
(9)
Where Pkj and Skj are the magnetic normal field Basic Span =400 m
coefficients as defined before, accounting for the going and Span Wind Span =480 m
return sides of the transmission line. Once the sets of
Weight Span =600 m
equations 8 and 9 are solved for the unknown filamentary
line currents, the deviation of the normal component of the Number per Pole= 4
magnetic field strength from the zero value is calculated at a Radius =0.0191 m
set of check-points arbitrary chosen on the subconductors' Sub-Conductors
Spacing 0.457 m
surfaces and considered as a measure of simulation accuracy. Parameters
Weight=2598 Kg/Km
When the simulation currents satisfy the boundary
Type: 1590 kcmil 45/7 ACSR/AW “Lapwing”
conditions at the check-points with a considerable accuracy,
the magnetic field could be calculated at any point in space Optical Ground Radius =0.0082 m
as given by: Wire Parameters Weight=758 Kg/Km

1 nm
  ( y  y k ) a x  ( x  xk ) a y ( y  y k ) a x  ( x  xk ) a y  Type: AFL- ALUMCORE AC-86/646
H
2
i   
 ( x  xk )  ( y  y k ) ( x  xk ) 2  ( y  y k ) 2 
k
k 1
2 2
Neutral wires Number per Pole= 2
(10)
Parameters Radius =0.018125 m
Where (x, y) and (xk ,yk ) are the calculation point and
Spacing 0.457 m
the location of the kth simulation line current respectively..
Weight=2337 Kg/Km

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Type: 1491 kcmil 45/7 ACSR/AW “Bobolink”
Height from Ground to Pole Conductors=30.2 m
Case study 1: Electric field results:
Height from Ground to Neutral wires =46.695 m
The charge simulation method is utilized to the proposed Heights
HVDC shown in Fig. 5. Height from Ground to Optical Ground Wire
=50.095m
Bdc=31.1m
Clearance between 31.1 m
B =9.75 m
N r =0.0181m
N
Pole Conductors
Clearance between 9.75 m
Neutral Wires
rc=0.0191m Insulators Length of Insulator String of
D =0.457m
N
Conductors=11.895m (IEC DC Fog)
Length of Neutral String of Conductors=1.4m
SAG 17.6 m at 85C
D =0.457m
c

H Table 2: ROW widths required by specified electric field strengths and

maximum electric field for the line shown in Fig. 5 with different heights
Electric field Required Maximum
Line height
(kV/m) ROW (m) Electric field
Fig.5: Typical construction of a  500kV Transmission line
H (m)
(kV/m)

The simulation line charges number per sub-conductor is 0.5 70

seven. The simulation charges are coordinated about a 20.2 1 55 4.9
cylinder of radius rf equal to 0.06rc. The voltage error at 1.5 45
chosen contour points midway between the border points did 0.5 70
30.2 1 55 2.5
not override 0.0002%. 1.5 43
The complete data for the proposed high voltage direct 0.5 65
current transmission line tying Egypt and KSA is illustrated 60 1 Not required 0.72
in Table 1. 1.5 Not required
0.5 Not required
Figure 6 displays the electric field profile for the line of 116 1 Not required 0.2
Fig. 5 with data of Table 1. It is clear from Fig. 6, that the 1.5 Not required
maximum field values are decreased when the line height 0.5 Not required
increase. Also the ROWs are illustrated in Table 2. Table 2 156 1 Not required 0.1
clears that when the line height increases, ROW values are 1.5 Not required
decreased with the corresponding height values.
 6000
Figures 7 and 8 show the electric field profile when on
pole is out of service due to fault conditions. Figure 7 plots
h=20.2 m
h=30.2 m
the electric field when the negative pole is open and
4000 h=60 m energizes the right neutral wire once and left neutral wire,
h=116 m
h=158 m while Fig. 8 shows the field profile in the same case but for
positive pole is open.
2000
Table 3: ROW widths required by specified electric field strengths for
Electric Field (v/m)

HVDC Line shown in Fig. 2 compared AC line with the same Voltage and
carrying the same power.
0
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Transmission Electric field Required ROW
Line (kV/m) (m)
-2000 0.5 70
500 kV 1 55
1.5 43
-4000 0.5 77
500 kV 1 60
1.5 46
-6000
Distance (m)
From Table 3, it is clear that the right-of-way (ROW)
Fig. 6: Electric field distributions at one meter height above ground surface
for transmission line of Fig. 2 with different values of heights from ground
widths of the proposed HVDC line is less than high voltage
level and pole conductors. AC transmission line with the same carrying power.
Case study 2: Magnetic field results:
3000
Negative P ole Open The current simulation technique (CST) is utilized to the
with left neutral wire
transmission line displayed in Fig. 5, with the data shown in
Negative P ole Open 2500
with right neutral wire Table 1 and current of 3280 A. The magnetic field is
computed at one meter above the ground level, with
2000
changing the height from ground surface and when one pole
is out of service (fault case).
Electric Field (v/m)

1500

7
1000 h=20.2 m
6 h=30.2
h=60
500 5 h=116
4 h=158
0
3
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
2
Magnetic Field Density(µT)

-500
1
-1000 0
Distance (m)
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20-1 0 20 40 60 80 100
Fig. 7: Electric field distributions at one meter height above ground surface
for transmission line of Fig. 2 when negative pole is open and the neutral -2
wire energized.
-3
1000 -4
-5
500
-6
0 -7
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Distance (m)
Electric Field (v/m)

-500
Fig. 9: Magnetic field distributions at one meter height above ground
-1000 surface for transmission line of Fig. 2 with different values of heights from
ground level and pole conductors.
-1500
Figure 9 plots the magnetic field profile for the line of
Postiv e Pol e Open
with right neutral wi re Fig. 5 with data of Table 1. It is clear from Fig. 9, that the
-2000
maximum magnetic field results are decreased when the line
-2500
Postiv e Pol e Open
with left neutral wir e
height increase. Note that most researchers and engineers
aren’t compute the magnetic field of HVDC lines due to the
-3000 neglectable effect it because no change of magnetic field
Distance (m) with time. The importance of computing magnetic field
underneath HVDC lines is considerable when a moving
Fig. 8: Electric field distributions at one meter height above ground surface
for transmission line of Fig. 2 when positive pole is and the neutral wire object is found beside these lines.
energized.
 4. The ROW widths of the proposed line is calculated and
8 Po stive Po le O pen
with left neu tral wire
compared with AC line carrying the same power.
6 Po stive Po le O pen
with righ t n eutral
wire
REFERENCES
Magnetic Field Density(µT)

4 [1] Himadri E.W. Kimbark, Direct Current Transmission, Volume 1.

New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1971.
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0
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
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3
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