Difference Between RAM and ROM Memory
RAM and ROM both are the internal memories of the computer. Where RAM is
a temporary memory, ROM is a permanent memory of the computer. There are many
differences between RAM and ROM, but the basic difference is that RAM is a read-
write memory and the ROM is a read only memory.
RAM
The CPU can directly access any address location of RAM memory. RAM is a quickly accessible memory
of the computer. It stores the data temporarily.
RAM is a volatile memory. RAM stores the data till the power is switched off. Once the power
of the CPU is switched off the whole data in RAM gets erased. The data which has to
be currently processed must be in RAM. The storage capacity of the RAM ranges from 8 MB
to 64 GB.
RAM is the fastest and costliest memory of the computer. It is a read-write memory of the
computer. The processor can read the instructions from RAM and write the result to the RAM.
The data in RAM can be modified.
ROM
The data in ROM can only be read by CPU. ROM stores the instruction that computer requires
during Bootstraping (a process of booting up of the computer). The content in ROM can not be
modified. ROM is a non-volatile memory, the data inside the ROM retains even if the power of
the CPU is switched off. The capacity of ROM is comparatively smaller than RAM,
it slower and cheaper than RAM.
Operating systems
An operating System is the low-level software that supports a computer's basic
functions(ie. Airthmetic and Logical Functions and storage), such as scheduling tasks
and controlling peripherals. Low level software directly deals with hardwares.
Types of Operating System
DOS – Disk Operating System
Microsoft Windows – Most of desktop and laptops use this operating system.
eg. Windows3.1 , WindowsXP, Windows 7, Widows 8, Windows 10
Apple macOS – Apple Computers Macintose computers use macOS
Apple iOS – iPhone uses iOS
Google's Android OS – Used in mobile ie. Samsung, Lenovo, Oppo etc
Linux Operating System – Mostly used in Web Hosting servers
UNIX - Mostly runs Big systems ie. Rocket, Space Stations, Satellites,
Super Computers, Large Scale Servers etc.
DOS (Disk Operating System)
A disk operating system is a computer operating system that can use a disk-storage device, such
as a floppy disk, hard disk drive, USB drive or optical disc. A disk operating system must
provide a file system for organizing, reading, and writing files on the storage disk. DOS uses a
command line, or text-based interface, that allows the user to type commands. By typing simple
instructions such as pwd (print working directory) and cd(change directory), the user can browse
the files on the hard drive, open files, and run programs.
Common Commands used in DOS
cd < .. > < \ > <directory name> - Change directory
C:, D: - Change Drive
mkdir <directory Name> -make new directory
rmdir <directory Name> - Remove / Delete Directory
cls - Clear the screen
copy <source filename> <destination filename> - Make a copy of existing File
del <filename> - Delete a file
copy con <filename>, write content and press control+z (^z) and enter
run any program
exit - To close command prompt
ipconfig
ping hostname
ie. ping [Link], ping [Link]
Use of Wild card (*) is extensively done.
Bit 0,1
8 bit
1024 byte 1 kb Kilo Byte
1024 kb 1 MB Mega Byte
1024 MB 1 GB Giga Byte
1024 GB 1 TB Tera Byte
1024 TB 1 PB Peta Byte