ASSAM UNIVERSITY: SILCHAR

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS

Curriculum
For
FYUG Programme ( 3rd semester onwards)

Under NEP-2020 w.e.f. 2023-24

[ Syllabus Approved by
BUGS dated 6th March, 2024,
BPGS dated 11th March, 2024,
School Board Approved, 15th March, 2024,
Academic Council Approved dated 12th April, 2024 ]
 Table 1: Semester-wise list of Statistics DSC Courses
Semester Course Code Title of Courses Credits

I STADSC101 Descriptive Statistics and Probability 3

STADSC102 Calculus 3

II STADSC151 Probability Distributions 3

STADSC152 (P) Descriptive Statistics and Probability 3

Distributions
III STADSC201 Algebra 4

STADSC202 Limit Theorems and Sampling 4

Distributions

IV STADSC251 Statistical Inference 4

STADSC252 Mathematical and Numerical 4

Analysis

STADSC253 (P) Practical based on Test of Significance 4

and Numerical Analysis

V STADSC301 Applied Statistics 4

STADSC302 Linear models and Designs of 4

Experiments

STADSC303(P) Practical based on Applied Statistics and 4

Designs of Experiment using Microsoft
Excel

VI STADSC351 Survey Sampling and Indian Official 4

Statistics

STADSC352 Stochastic Processes and Queuing 4

Theory

STADSC353 Multivariate Analysis and Nonparametric 4

Methods

STADSC354 (P) Practical based on Sample Survey, Non- 4

parametric and Multivariate Analysis

VII STADSC401 Real Analysis and Linear Algebra 4

STADSC402 Probability Theory 4

STADSC403 Distribution Theory 4

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 Semester Course Code Title of Courses Credits

STADSC404 (P) Practical based on Real Analysis, Linear 4

Algebra, Probability Theory, Distribution
Theory in R

VIII STADSC451 Research Methodology 4

STADSC452 Advanced Statistical Inference 4

STADSC453 Operations Research 4

STADSC454 (P) Programming in Python 4

STADSC455 Research Project/Dissertation * 12

*Students who prefer to take up Research Project/Dissertation shall study STADSC455 only in
this semester along with STADSC451 i.e. all the papers of Group A. Students who do not like
to take up Research Project/Dissertation shall study the papers STADSC451, STADSC452,
STADSC453 and STADSC454 (P) i.e. all the papers of Group B.

• Group A: Research Methodology (STADSC451), Research Project/Dissertation

(STADSC455)

• Group B: Research Methodology (STADSC451), Advanced Statistical Inference

(STADSC452), Operations Research (STADSC453), Programming in Python
(STADSC454(P))

Table 2: Semester-wise list of Statistic DSM Courses

Semester DSM1/DSM2 Course Code Title of Courses Credits

I DSM1 STADSM101 Basic Statistics and 3

Probability
II DSM2 STADSM151 Statistical Methods and 3
Probability
III DSM1 STADSM201 Random Variables and 4
Probability Distributions

IV DSM1 STADSM251 (P) Practical based on 3

Descriptive Statistics and
Probability Distributions

DSM2 STADSM252 Mathematical Statistics 3

V DSM1 STADSM301 Statistical Inference and 3

Applied Statistics

DSM2 STADSM302 Statistical Inference and 3

Applied Statistics

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VI DSM2 STADSM351 (P) Statistical Methods and 4
Probability Distributions

VII DSM1 STADSM401 Survey Sampling, Design 4

of Experiments and
Indian Official Statistics

VIII DSM2 STADSM451 Survey Sampling, Design 4

of Experiments and
Indian Official Statistics

Table 3: Semester-wise list of Statistics SEC Courses

Semester Course Code Title of Courses Credits

I STASEC101 Data Analysis using Microsoft Excel 3

II STASEC151 Statistical Data Analysis using R 3

III STASEC201 Statistical Computing Using C 3

V STASEC301 Community Engagement/Field Study 2

Table 4: Semester-wise list of IDC Courses

Semester Course Code Title of Courses Credits

I STAIDC101 Introduction to Statistics 3

II STAIDC151 Index Number and Time Series 3

III STAIDC201 Sampling and Elements of Hypothesis 3

Testing

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 DETAILED SYLLABI

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-201

(Algebra)

Semester III
(Credits: 04)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) + Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) + Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Develop a strong grasp of fundamental algebraic concepts, including the theory of
equations and the fundamental theorem of algebra, to form a solid foundation for
more advanced algebraic topics.
• Acquire a deep understanding of vector spaces, subspaces, and matrix operations,
along with the ability to analyze and manipulate matrices using various properties
and theorems.
• Gain proficiency in working with determinants, including their properties,
applications, and transformations, and apply these skills to solve linear equations
and evaluate matrix properties.
• Develop the ability to analyze matrix ranks, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors, along
with understanding the significance of these concepts in various mathematical and
real-world scenarios.
• Explore advanced algebraic concepts such as characteristic roots, the Cayley-
Hamilton theorem, and quadratic forms, and apply these concepts to solve complex
mathematical problems and real-world situations.

Learning Outcomes:
• Gain a strong theoretical foundation in algebra, enabling the understanding of
algebraic relationships, equations, and concepts that serve as building blocks for
advanced mathematical studies.
• Develop the ability to solve problems related to vector spaces, linear dependence,
and dimension, allowing for effective analysis and representation of vectors in
various dimensions and applications.
• Acquire the skills to manipulate matrices, evaluate their properties, and solve
matrix equations, providing tools for solving systems of linear equations and
applying matrix operations to real-world problems.

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• Demonstrate competence in solving problems using determinants, including
applications to linear independence, matrix properties, and solutions to linear
equations, enhancing problem-solving abilities.
• Understand the concepts of matrix rank, apply rank theorems, and explore
scenarios involving the sum and product of matrices, along with applying these
concepts to fields such as engineering, physics, and computer science.
• Cultivate critical thinking skills by connecting abstract algebraic concepts to real-
world problems, enabling students to approach challenges from multiple
perspectives.
• Overall, the "Algebra" course aims to equip students with a broad range of
algebraic skills, fostering problem-solving abilities, critical thinking, and a deep
understanding of algebraic concepts that are applicable across various academic
and professional fields.
UNIT-I
Algebra of matrices - A review, theorems related to triangular, symmetric and skew symmetric
matrices, idempotent matrices, Hermitian and skew Hermitian matrices, orthogonal matrices,
singular and non-singular matrices and their properties. Trace of a matrix, unitary, involutory and
nilpotent matrices. Adjoint and inverse of a matrix and related properties. (12 hours)

UNIT-II
Definition, properties and applications of determinants for 3rd and higher orders (without proof),
evaluation of determinants of order 3 and more using transformations.
Row reduction, echelon forms and normal forms, Rank of a matrix, row-rank, column-rank,
standard theorems and properties ranks (statements only) and their applications. Inverse of a
matrix. (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Solution of both homogeneous and non-homogeneous system of linear equations. Partitioning of
matrices and simple properties. Characteristic roots and Characteristic vector (Statement of
theorems and properties) and applications, Cayley Hamilton theorem and Quadratic forms.
(12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Concept and definition of Groups, Rings and Fields. Vector spaces, Subspaces, sum of
subspaces, Span of a set, Linear dependence and independence, dimension and basis,
dimension theorem. (12 hours)

UNIT V
Theory of equations, statement of the fundamental theorem of algebra and its
consequences. Relation between roots and coefficients or any polynomial equations.
Solutions of cubic and biquadratic equations when some conditions on roots of equations
are given. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:

1. Lay, D. C. (2000). Linear Algebra and its Applications, Addison Wesley.

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2. Krishnamurthy, V., Mainra, V. P.,& Arora, J. L. An Introduction to Linear Algebra (II, III,
IV, V).

3. Jain, P. K.,& Khalil, A. (1973). Metric Spaces, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

4. Biswas, S. (1997). A Textbook of Matrix Algebra, New Age International.

5. Gupta, S. C. (2008). An Introduction to Matrices. Sultan Chand & Sons (Reprint).

6. Artin, M. (1994). Algebra. Prentice Hall of India.

7. Hadley, G. (2002). Linear Algebra. Narosa Publishing House (Reprint).

8. Searle, S. R. (1982). Matrix Algebra Useful for Statistics. John Wiley & Sons.

9. Sharma & Vasistha. (2014). Matrices. Krishna Prakashan.

10. Sharma & Vasistha. (2010). Linear Algebra. Krishna Prakashan.

11. Sharma & Vasistha. (2014). Modern Algebra. Krishna Prakashan.

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 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-202
(Limit Theorems and Sampling Distributions)

Semester III
(Credits: 04)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) + Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40 [End Semester Exam (28) + Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Develop a solid grasp of various limit laws, including convergence in probability, almost
sure convergence, mean square convergence, and convergence in distribution. Explore
the relationships between these concepts and their significance in statistics.
• Gain a comprehensive understanding of the Central Limit Theorem and its applications
in real-world scenarios. Learn how the CLT enables the approximation of various
distributions by the normal distribution, enhancing the ability to work with large sample
sizes.
• Acquire a deep understanding of the sampling distribution of statistics, such as sample
mean, sample variance, and sample proportion. Explore the concept of parameter
estimation, the role of standard errors, and the calculation of confidence intervals.
• Learn the principles of hypothesis testing, including null and alternative hypotheses,
significance levels, Type I and Type II errors, and critical regions. Develop the ability to
conduct large sample tests and apply the Central Limit Theorem to test proportions,
means, and variances.
• Delve into exact sampling distributions such as the chi-squared distribution, Student's t-
distribution, and the F-distribution. Understand their properties, derive their probability
density functions, and learn how these distributions are used in tests of significance and
confidence interval construction.

Learning Outcomes:
• Develop strong mathematical skills in understanding and applying various limit
theorems, enabling the analysis of the behaviour of random variables and their
distributions as sample sizes increase.
• Acquire the ability to make informed inferences about population parameters from
sample statistics. Understand the concept of point estimation, interval estimation, and
the role of confidence intervals in quantifying uncertainty.
• Develop critical thinking skills in formulating hypotheses, determining appropriate
significance levels, and calculating probabilities of Type I and Type II errors. Apply
these skills to real-world scenarios to draw valid conclusions from data.
• Gain hands-on experience in applying statistical techniques to analyze real data. Learn
to choose appropriate tests, calculate test statistics, and make sound decisions based on
the results.

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• Overall, this paper provides students with a strong foundation in the principles of limit
theorems, sampling distributions, and hypothesis testing, enabling them to make
informed statistical inferences and contribute effectively to data-driven decision-making
processes.
UNIT I
Limit laws: convergence in probability, almost sure convergence, convergence in mean square
and convergence in distribution and their inter relations, Chebyshev’s inequality, W.L.L.N.,
S.L.L.N. and their applications, De-Moivre Laplace theorem, Central Limit Theorem (C.L.T.)
for i.i.d. variates, applications of C.L.T. and Liapunov Theorem (without proof).

UNIT II
Definitions of random sample, parameter and statistic, sampling distribution of a statistic,
sampling distribution of sample mean, standard errors of sample mean, sample variance and
sample proportion. Order Statistics: Introduction, distribution of the rth order statistic, smallest
and largest order statistics. Joint distribution of rth and sth order statistics, distribution of sample
median and sample range.

UNIT III
Null and alternative hypotheses, level of significance, Type I and Type II errors, their
probabilities and critical region. Large sample tests, use of CLT for testing single proportion,
difference of two proportions, single mean, difference of two means, standard deviation and
difference of standard deviations. Concept of p-value.

UNIT IV
Exact sampling distribution: Definition and derivation of p.d.f. of χ2 with n degrees of freedom
(d.f.) using m.g.f.,mean, variance, m.g.f., cumulant generating function, mode, additive
X X
property, sum and quotient theorems(e.g., , X + Yand ) , limiting form of χ2
Y X +Y
distribution. Tests of significance and confidence intervals based on χ2 distribution.

UNIT V
Exact sampling distributions: Student’s and Fishers t-distribution, Derivation of its p.d.f.,
mean, variance, moments and limiting form of t distribution.
Snedecore's F-distribution: Derivation of p.d.f., mean, variance and mode. Distribution of
1/F(n1, n2). Relationship between t, F and χ2 distributions. Test of significance and Confidence
intervals based on t and F distributions.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K.,&Dasgupta, B. (2003): An Outline of Statistical Theory, Vol.
I (4th Edition). World Press, Kolkata.

2. Rohatgi, V. K.,& Saleh, A.K. Md. E. (2009): An Introduction to Probability and

Statistics. 2ndEdition. (Reprint) John Wiley and Sons.

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3. Hogg, R.V.,& Tanis, E.A. (2009). A Brief Course in Mathematical Statistics. Pearson
Education.

4. Johnson, R.A.,& Bhattacharya, G.K. (2001). Statistics-Principles and Methods, 4th

Edition. John Wiley and Sons.

5. Mood, A.M., Graybill, F.A. & Boes, D.C. (2007). Introduction to the Theory of Statistics
(3rd Edition, Reprint). Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd.

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 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-251
(Statistical Inference)
Semester IV
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Develop a solid foundation in statistical inference concepts, including estimation and
hypothesis testing. Gain a deep understanding of unbiasedness, sufficiency,
consistency, and efficiency, along with their practical implications in real-world
statistical analysis.
• Master the principles of different estimation methods, such as method of moments
and maximum likelihood estimation. Understand how to calculate point estimates of
parameters, assess their properties, and apply them in various statistical scenarios.
• Acquire expertise in the principles of hypothesis testing, encompassing null and
alternative hypotheses, Type-I and Type-II errors, critical regions, and significance
levels. Learn to design hypothesis tests and make informed decisions based on
statistical evidence.
• Explore advanced concepts like Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimators (MVUE),
Cramer-Rao inequality, Rao-Blackwell theorem, Neyman-Pearson Lemma, and
Likelihood Ratio Test. Understand how to construct optimal estimators and tests,
ensuring efficiency and power.
• Develop the skills to construct confidence intervals for various distribution
parameters. Learn the pivotal quantity method for creating confidence intervals and
understand how to apply them in different situations, including large sample
scenarios.

Learning Outcomes:
• Gain the ability to analyze complex statistical problems using estimation and
hypothesis testing techniques. Apply these methods to real-world datasets to draw
meaningful conclusions and make data-driven decisions.
• Acquire proficiency in estimating population parameters using diverse methods.
Understand the strengths and limitations of each method, and select the most
appropriate estimation technique based on the nature of data and research objectives.
• Develop expertise in designing hypothesis tests and interpreting their results. Learn
to manage the trade-off between Type-I and Type-II errors, and construct tests with
optimal power using concepts like the Neyman-Pearson Lemma.

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• Gain familiarity with advanced statistical concepts such as MVUE, Cramer-Rao
inequality, and Likelihood Ratio Test. Apply these techniques to solve complex
problems, enhancing analytical and problem-solving skills.
• Acquire skills in constructing confidence intervals and interpreting their meaning in
real-world contexts. Understand the nuances of large sample intervals and their
applications in diverse statistical scenarios.
• By achieving these course objectives and outcomes, students will emerge well-
equipped to handle a wide range of statistical inference challenges, providing
valuable insights into estimation, hypothesis testing, and confidence interval
construction in various fields of research and decision-making.

UNIT-I
Estimation: Concepts of estimation, unbiasedness, sufficiency, consistency and efficiency.
Factorization theorem. Complete sufficient statistic. (12 hours)

UNIT-II
Cramer-Rao inequality and MVB estimators (statement and applications), Rao-Blackwell
theorem with applications, Minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE).
Methods of Estimation: Method of moments, method of maximum likelihood estimation-
their properties and applications. (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Principles of test of significance: Null and alternative hypotheses (simple and composite),
Type-I and Type-II errors, critical region, level of significance, size and power, best critical
region, most powerful test, uniformly most powerful test, Large sample tests, use of CLT
for testing single proportion, difference of two proportions, single mean, difference of two
means, standard deviation and difference of standard deviations. Concept of p-value.
(12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Neyman-Pearson Lemma and its applications to construct most powerful test). Likelihood
ratio test and relevant problems, properties of the likelihood ratio tests (without proof).
(12 hours)
UNIT V
Interval estimation - Confidence interval for Binomial proportion, Confidence interval for
population correlation coefficient for Bivariate Normal distribution, Pivotal quantity
method of constructing confidence interval, Large sample confidence intervals. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:

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1. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K., &Das, G.B. (2005). Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I.
World Press, Calcutta.

2. Rohatgi, V. K., & Saleh, A.K. Md. E. (2009). An Introduction to Probability and
Statistics (2ndEdition, Reprint). John Wiley and Sons.

3. Miller, I.,& Miller, M. (2002). John E. Freund’s Mathematical Statistics (6th addition,
low price edition). Prentice Hall of India.

4. Dudewicz, E. J., & Mishra, S. N. (1988). Modern Mathematical Statistics. John Wiley
& Sons.
5. Mood, A.M., Graybill, F.A.,&Boes, D.C. (1973). Introduction to the Theory of
Statistics. McGraw Hill.

6. Bhat, B.R, Srivenkatramana, T.& Rao, M. K.S. (1997). Statistics: A Beginner’s Text,
Vol. I. New Age International (P) Ltd.

7. Snedecor, G.W. & Cochran,W.G. (1967). Statistical Methods. Lowa State University
Press.

8. Bhattacharjee,D. & Das, K. K. (2008). A Treatise on Statistical Inference and

Distributions. Asian Books, New Delhi.

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 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-252
(Mathematical and Numerical Analysis)
Semester IV
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]
Learning Objectives: .
• Familiarize with neighborhoods, limit points, supremum, and infimum, and apply
them in mathematical analysis..
• Analyze sequences and their convergence, and understand the limits of special
sequences
• Master the principles of Cauchy’s general convergence and apply them to analyze
convergence in sequences.
• Analyze monotonic sequences and understand their behavior.
• Apply various convergence tests, including the Comparison test, D’Alembert’s
ratio test, and Raabe’s test, for series analysis.
• Understand Cauchy’s nth root test and its applications in determining
convergence.
• Apply Leibnitz’s test for the convergence of alternating series.
• Explore and apply Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems in calculus.
• Understand and apply Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem in calculus.
• Grasp Taylor’s theorem with Lagrange’s form of remainder (without proof).
• Master Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series expansions of (1+x)n, log (1+x) and ex.
• Explore numerical analysis concepts including factorial, finite differences, and
interpolation..
• Master Newton’s forward, backward, and divided differences interpolation
formulae.
• Explore central differences and the interpolation formulae of Gauss and Stirling.
• Master common numerical integration methods.
• Grasp the solution of Polynomial Equations using the Newton-Raphson method.

Learning Outcomes:
• Competence in working with neighborhoods, limit points, suprimum, and
infimum.
• Competent analysis of sequences and their convergence, with a focus on special
sequences.
• Skill in applying Cauchy’s general convergence principle in sequence analysis.
• Capability to apply Cauchy’s first theorem on limits in mathematical analysis.
• Competence in analyzing infinite series and positive-termed series.

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 • Ability to apply various convergence tests for series analysis.
• Ability to apply Rolle’s, Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean
Value Theorems in calculus problems.
• Proficiency in applying Taylor’s theorem and its applications in series expansions.
• Capability to apply numerical analysis concepts, including factorial, finite
differences, and interpolation.
• Proficiency in applying different interpolation formulae in numerical analysis.
• Competence in understanding and applying central differences and interpolation
formulae of Gauss and Stirling.
• Proficiency in using numerical integration methods.
• Capability to solve Polynomial Equations using the Newton-Raphson method in
numerical analysis.
UNIT-I
Concepts of Bounded and unbounded sets, neighborhoods and limit points, Supremum and
infimum, derived sets, open and closed sets .
Sequences and their convergence, limits of some special sequences such as and Cauchy’s
general principle of convergence, Cauchy’s first theorem on limits, monotonic sequences.
(12 hours)
UNIT-II
Infinite series, positive termed series and their convergence, Comparison test, D’Alembert’s
ratio test, Cauchy’s nth root test, Raabe’s test (statements and examples only). Absolute
convergence of series, Leibnitz’s test for the convergence of alternating series. (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value theorems. Cauchy’s Mean Value Theorem. Taylor’s
theorem with Lagrange’s form of remainder (without proof). Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series
expansions of (1+x)n , log (1+x) and ex (12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Numerical Analysis: Factorial, finite differences and interpolation. Operators- , E and divided
difference. Newton’s forward, backward and divided differences interpolation formulae.
Lagrange’s interpolation formulae. (12 hours)

UNIT-V
Central differences: Gauss and Stirling’s interpolation formulae. Numerical integration:
Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s one-third rule, three-eighth rule, Solution of difference equations
of first order, Solution of Polynomial Equations by Newton-Raphson method. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING
1. Malik S.C. and Savita Arora: Mathematical Analysis, Second Edition, Wiley Eastern
Limited, New Age International Limited, New Delhi, 1994.
2. Somasundram D. and Chaudhary B.: A First Course in Mathematical Analysis,
Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1987.20
3. Appostol T.M.: Mathematical Analysis, Second Edition, Narosa Publishing House, NewDelhi,
1987.
4. Shanti Narayan: A course of Mathematical Analysis, 12th revised Edition, S. Chand & Co. (Pvt.)

Page | 14
Ltd., New Delhi, 1987.
5. Bartle, R. G. and Sherbert, D. R. (2002): Introduction to Real Analysis (3rd Edition), John Wiley
and Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd., Singapore.

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 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: DSC-253 LAB
(Practical Based on Test of Significance and Numerical Analysis)

Semester IV
(Credits: 04)
Contact Hours: 120
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Develop practical skills in applying statistical tests and confidence interval methods to
various scenarios involving proportions, means, standard deviations, and correlations.
Understand how to choose and execute the appropriate test for a given problem.
• Gain a deep understanding of the theoretical foundations of different statistical tests,
confidence intervals, and interpolation methods. Learn the underlying assumptions,
significance levels, and critical values associated with each technique.
• Equip students with the ability to analyze real-world data using the techniques covered
in the course. Learn how to interpret results, draw meaningful conclusions, and make
informed decisions based on statistical evidence.
• Develop proficiency in using interpolation methods like Newton's forward and
backward difference formulas, divided differences, and Lagrange's interpolation.
Understand how to approximate values between data points and apply these methods to
practical problems.
• Gain hands-on experience with numerical integration techniques such as the Trapezoidal
Rule, Simpson's one-third rule, Simpson's three-eighth rule, and Weddle's rule. Learn to
apply these methods for approximating definite integrals and integrating functions.

Learning Outcomes:
• Acquire practical skills in conducting hypothesis tests and constructing confidence
intervals for different scenarios involving proportions, means, standard deviations,
correlations, and more. Apply these skills to draw valid statistical conclusions.
• Develop the ability to make informed decisions based on statistical analyses. Understand
how to choose the appropriate test or interval estimation method to address specific
research questions or practical problems.
• Gain a strong foundation in mathematical techniques such as interpolation and numerical
integration. Apply these methods to approximate values, interpolate missing data points,
and estimate definite integrals.
• Apply statistical and mathematical techniques to real-world datasets. Understand the
practical implications of statistical tests and interval estimates, and effectively
communicate findings to a non-technical audience.
• Enhance problem-solving skills by applying interpolation and numerical integration
methods to solve mathematical and statistical problems. Develop the ability to work with
complex datasets and utilize appropriate techniques to obtain meaningful results.

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• Studying this paper students will be well-prepared to handle practical statistical and
mathematical challenges, and they will be equipped with valuable skills for data
analysis, decision-making, and research in various fields.

List of Practical
1. Testing of significance and confidence intervals for single proportion and difference of
two proportions
2. Testing of significance and confidence intervals for single mean and difference of two
means and paired tests.
3. Testing of significance and confidence intervals for difference of two standard deviations.
4. Exact Sample Tests based on Chi-Square Distribution.
5. Testing if the population variance has a specific value and its confidence intervals.
6. Testing of goodness of fit (Chi-square test of frequencies)
7. Testing of independence of attributes.
8. Testing of significance and confidence intervals of an observed sample correlation
coefficient.
9. Testing and confidence intervals of equality of two population variances
10. Newton’s Gregory forward difference interpolation formula
11. Newton’s backward difference interpolation formula.
12. Newton’s divided difference and Lagrange’s interpolation formula
13. Gauss forward, Gauss backward central difference interpolation formula
14. Stirling’s central difference interpolation formula
15. Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s one-third rule, Simpson’s three-eighth rule
16. Finding the roots of polynomial equation using Newton-Raphson method

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 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-301
(Applied Statistics)

Semester V
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40 [End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Develop a comprehensive understanding of quality control principles, including the
distinction between chance and assignable causes of variation, and the significance of
statistical control charts in maintaining consistent process and product quality.
• Learn how to construct and interpret various control charts for both variables and
attribute data. Understand the rationale behind subgrouping, and gain the ability to
identify and react to quality variations effectively using control charts.
• Gain insight into acceptance sampling plans, their principles, and their practical
applications. Understand the concepts of Operating Characteristic (OC) curves, Average
Outgoing Quality (AOQ), and other key performance measures related to acceptance
sampling.
• Acquire the ability to analyze time series data, including identifying the different
components such as trend, seasonality, cyclic variations, and random fluctuations. Learn
methods to decompose time series and estimate these components.
• Develop proficiency in constructing and interpreting index numbers. Learn about
various index number formulas, including weighted and unweighted indices, and their
application in measuring changes in price levels, with a focus on consumer price index
numbers.

Learning Outcome
• Gain practical skills in applying statistical techniques to manage and control the quality
of processes and products. Learn to distinguish between random and assignable
variations and use control charts to maintain consistent quality standards.
• Acquire the ability to analyze and interpret data using statistical tools. Understand how
to identify trends, patterns, and irregularities in time series data and make informed
decisions based on the analysis.
• Develop the skills to make informed decisions about acceptance sampling plans based
on factors such as lot quality, production processes, and desired quality levels.
Understand the trade-offs between different sampling strategies.
• Understand the components of time series data and their importance in various fields.
Gain the ability to decompose time series and estimate trend, seasonality, and other
variations, enabling better forecasting and planning.

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• Acquire proficiency in constructing and interpreting index numbers, a crucial tool for
measuring economic and price-level changes. Understand the application of index
numbers in real-world scenarios and their significance in economic analysis.
• By studying these course students will be well-equipped with the skills necessary to
manage quality, analyze time series data, make informed decisions about acceptance
sampling, and understand the principles and applications of index numbers in various
sectors, contributing to effective decision-making and data analysis.

UNIT-I
Statistical Quality Control: Concepts and applications, introduction to Process and Product
Controls. Chance and assignable Causes of quality variation. Statistical Control Charts-
Construction and Statistical basis of 3-σ Control charts, Rational sub-group. Control charts for
variables: X-bar & R-chart. Control charts for attributes: np-chart, p-chart, c-chart.
(12 hours)

UNIT-II
Rates and Ratios of vital events. Measurements of Mortality: Crude Death Rate (CDR),
Specific Death Rate (SDR), Infant Mortality, Rate (IMR) and Standardized Death Rates. Life
Tables: types, assumptions, description, construction and uses. Measurements of Fertility:
Crude Birth Rate (CBR), General Fertility Rate (GFR), Specific Fertility Rate (SFR) and Total
Fertility Rate (TFR). Measurement of Population Growth: Gross Reproduction Rate (GRR)
and Net Reproduction Rate (NRR). (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Introduction to times series data, application of time series in various fields. Components of a
times series, Decomposition of time series. Trend: Estimation of trend by free hand curve
method, method of semi averages, fitting of various mathematical curves (linear, exponential,
polynomial), Method of moving averages. (12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Seasonal Component: Estimation of seasonal component by Method of simple averages, Ratio
to Trend, Ratio to Moving Averages and Link Relative method. Cyclic Component: Harmonic
Analysis (concept only). Random Component: Variate difference method.
(12 hours)

UNIT-V
Index Numbers: Definition, construction of index numbers and problems thereof for weighted
and unweighted index numbers including Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Edgeworth-Marshall and
Fisher’s. Chain index numbers, conversion of fixed based to chain-based index numbers and
vice-versa. Consumer price index numbers-its use and limitations. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Montogomery, D. C. (2009). Introduction to Statistical Quality Control (6th Edition).
Wiley India Private Ltd.

Page | 19
2. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. & Dasgupta, B. (2002). Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol. I a.&
II (8th Edition). The World Press, Kolkata.
3. Mukhopadhyay, P. (2011). Applied Statistics (2nd edition, revised reprint). Books and
Allied(P) Ltd.
4. Montogomery, D. C. &Runger, G.C. (2008). Applied Statistics and Probability for
Engineers (3rd Edition,Reprint). Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
5. Gupta, S.C.,& Kapoor, V.K. (2007). Fundamentals of Applied Statistics (4th Edition).
Sultan Chand and Sons., New Delhi.
6. Kendall, M.G. (1976). Time Series, Charles Griffin.
7. Chatfield, C. (1980). The Analysis of Time Series –An Introduction. Chapman & Hall.

Page | 20
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-302
(Linear Models and Design of Experiments)

Semester V
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40 [End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Develop a comprehensive understanding of linear estimation theory within the Gauss-
Markov framework. Learn about estimability of linear parametric functions, the method
of least squares, and the Gauss-Markov theorem. Understand how to estimate error
variance effectively.
• Gain expertise in analyzing variance and covariance in different types of classified data
using fixed, random, and mixed effect models. Understand the principles behind one-
way and two-way classified data analysis, and their applications in various contexts.
• Learn the fundamental principles of experimental design, including terminology, sources
of experimental error, and the basics of uniformity trials. Understand how to choose plot
and block sizes and shapes for different designs, and grasp the concepts of efficiency
and randomization.
• Acquire knowledge of different experimental designs, starting from Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) and moving to more complex designs like Randomized
Block Design (RBD) and Latin Square Design (LSD). Understand their layouts, models,
and statistical analyses.
• Develop a deep understanding of factorial experiments, their advantages, and notations.
Learn about the design and analysis of 22, 23, and 2n factorial experiments, including the
concept of confounding. Understand the principles of fractional factorial experiments
and their utility.

Learning Outcome
• Acquire practical skills in estimating linear parametric functions using the method of
least squares. Understand the assumptions underlying linear estimation and how the
Gauss-Markov theorem ensures the best linear unbiased estimators.
• Develop the ability to analyze classified data using analysis of variance and covariance
techniques for different types of effect models. Learn to interpret the results and draw
valid conclusions based on the analyses.
• Gain proficiency in designing experiments with a focus on randomization and control of
experimental error. Learn how to apply different designs like CRD, RBD, and LSD to
address specific research questions.

Page | 21
• Acquire skills in designing and analyzing factorial experiments, including the ability to
recognize and handle confounding. Understand how to extract valuable information
from factorial designs with the least number of experiments using fractional factorials.
• Develop critical thinking skills to choose appropriate experimental designs based on
research objectives and available resources. Understand the trade-offs between different
designs and their implications for statistical analysis and inference.
• By achieving these course objectives and outcomes, students will be well-prepared to
handle complex experimental design and analysis challenges, apply statistical
techniques in various research contexts, and make informed decisions based on
experimental results.

UNIT-I
Gauss-Markov set-up: Theory of linear estimation, Estimability of linear parametric functions,
Method of least squares, Gauss-Markov theorem, Estimation of error variance.
Analysis of variance: Definitions of fixed, random and mixed effect models. Analysis of
variance in one-way classified data for fixed effect models. Analysis of variance in two-way
classified data with one observation per cell for fixed effect models. (12 hours)

UNIT-II
Experimental designs: Terminology, experimental error, basic principles, uniformity trials,
choice of size and shape of plots and blocks, Completely Randomized Design (CRD).
Randomized Block Design (RBD), Latin Square Design (LSD) – layout, model and statistical
analysis, relative efficiency. (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Factorial experiments: advantages, notations and concepts, 22, 23, 24 and 32 factorial
experiments, design and analysis, Total and Partial confounding for 2n (n ≤ 4). (12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Incomplete Block Designs: Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD) – parameters,
relationships among its parameters, incidence matrix and its properties. Definitions of
Symmetric BIBD. Concept of fractional factorial experiment. (12 hours)

UNIT-V
Missing plot technique: RBD with one and two missing observations, LSD with one missing
observation. Analysis of covariance of one-way and two-way classified data. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Cochran, W.G. & Cox, G.M. (1959). Experimental Design. Asia Publishing House.

2. Das, M.N. & Giri, N.C. (1986). Design and Analysis of Experiments. Wiley Easter Ltd.

3. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K.,&Dasgupta, B. (2005). Fundamentals of Statistics. Vol- II

(8thEdition).World Press, Kolkata.

Page | 22
4. Kempthorne, O. (1965). The Design and Analysis of Experiments. John Wiley.

5. Montgomery, D. C. (2008). Design and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley.

Page | 23
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-303 LAB
(Practical on Applied Statistics and Design of Experiments)

Semester V
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 120
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40 [End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Enable students to draw and interpret the control charts for variables.
• Develop the ability of the participating students to draw and interpret the control charts
for variables.
• Teach the students to compute the different types of Index numbers and interpret the
values.
• To computationally induce the concepts of trend analysis in time series using method
of moving average and fitting of linear and non-linear functions.
• Identifying seasonal variation in the time series data using ratio to method of moving
averages method, ratio to trend method and method of link relatives.
• Perform computations of One-way and Two-way ANOVA.
• Equip students with the skills to perform the Designs of Experiments computation for
CRD and RBD.
• Foster an understanding and perform the analysis of variance of Latin Square Design
(LSD).
• Develop proficiency of performing ANOVA of LSD and RBD in case of missing
observation.
• To learn how to handle the computational aspects leading to the identification of the
significant factors in case of factorial experiment both in case of complete and
confounded experiments.
• To learn about the different measures of mortality and fertility
• To understand the measures of population growth and get exposure to life tables.
Learning Outcomes:
• Students will effectively interpret and create control charts of quality control and can
tell when the system of production has earned an assignable cause of variation both for
variables and attributes.
• Perform routine analysis of time series data to study trends using the method of moving
average and curve fitting (both linear and non-linear)
• Students shall be exposed to identification of the impact of seasonal variation in time
series data using the ratio to trend method, moving average method and link relatives
• Learners will perform ANOVA in Excel and shall also interpret the results effectively.

Page | 24
 • Participants will demonstrate proficiency in extending one-way and two-way ANOVA
to designing Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and Randomized Block Design
(RBD) experiments.
• Performing Latin Square Design (LSD) experiments and hence interpret the results.
• Students will estimate missing observations and hence perform ANOVA for RBD and
LSD
• Mastering factorial experiments layout and analysis both for complete and confounded
cases.
• To get accustomed to computing different measures of mortality and fertility

List of Practicals
1. Computing control limits and drawing control charts for mean and range and
interpreting the state of control.
2. Computing control limits and drawing control charts for number of defects per unit
and interpreting the state of control.
3. Computing control limits and drawing control charts for number of defectives and
interpreting the state of control.
4. Computation of Index Numbers using different formulae and their interpretation
5. Perform Time Reversal Test and Factor Reversal Test of different Index Number
formulae.
6. To prove empirically that Fisher’s Index number is the ideal index number.
7. Computation of Cost of Living Index number.
8. Fitting of trend equation to time series data- linear and non-linear equations and
obtain forecast and detrended values.
9. Identifying seasonal variation in the time series data using ratio to method of moving
averages
10. Identifying seasonal variation in the time series data using ratio to trend method and
method of link relatives.
11. Performing one-way ANOVA
12. Performing two-way ANOVA with single observation
13. Performing two-way ANOVA with multiple observations per cell
14. Performing ANOVA for CRD, RBD and LSD
15. Performing ANOVA for RBD and LSD following estimation of the value of missing
observation.
16. To perform the ANOVA for 22 and 23 full factorial experiments
17. To perform the ANOVA for 22 and 23 confounded factorial experiments (complete
and partial)
18. Computation of mortality and fertility rates
19. Computation of different growth rates
20. Life tables
Suggested Reading:
1. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta, and B. Dasgupta (2005): Fundamentals of Statistics (Vol. II),
8th Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
2. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor, Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 4th Ed., Sultan Chand
and Sons, 2008.

Page | 25
3. N. G. Das (2008) Statistical Methods, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
4. Bhattacharjee D. and Bhattacharjee D. (2008) B. Sc Statistics Vol-II, Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.

Page | 26
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-351
(Survey Sampling and Indian Official Statistics)

Semester VI
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Develop a comprehensive understanding of population and sample, the distinction
between complete enumeration and sampling, and the various types of sampling
techniques. Learn the principles of probability and non-probability sampling methods,
including simple random sampling (with and without replacement), stratified random
sampling, and systematic sampling.
• Gain proficiency in estimating population parameters such as mean and total using
different sampling techniques. Understand how to compute estimates, variances of
estimates, and the factors influencing the precision of these estimates.
• Learn the importance of determining an appropriate sample size and the concept of pilot
surveys. Understand the significance of conducting preliminary surveys to assess
feasibility and refine survey methodologies.
• Understand the landscape of official statistics in India, including the methods of data
collection, their reliability, and limitations. Familiarize oneself with key government
agencies such as the Ministry of Statistics & Program Implementation (MoSPI), Central
Statistical Office (CSO), National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), and the National
Statistical Commission.
• Gain knowledge of advanced sampling methods like cluster sampling, double sampling,
ratio estimation, regression estimation, multistage sampling, multiphase sampling, and
PPS sampling. Understand the principles behind these techniques and their applications.

Learning Outcome
• Acquire practical skills in selecting and implementing different sampling techniques,
understanding their strengths and limitations, and making informed choices based on
research objectives.
• Develop the ability to estimate population parameters using various sampling
techniques, calculate estimates of variances, and evaluate the precision of these
estimates. Understand the principles of unbiased estimation.
• Gain proficiency in determining appropriate sample sizes based on desired precision
levels and available resources. Understand the significance of pilot surveys in refining
survey methodologies.

Page | 27
• Acquire an in-depth understanding of the official statistical system in India, the roles of
key government agencies, and the methods used to collect and publish official statistics
on topics such as population, industry, and finance.
• Develop the ability to apply advanced sampling methods to real-world scenarios,
enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of survey results. Understand the situations in
which cluster sampling, ratio estimation, and other advanced techniques are most
appropriate.
• By achieving these course objectives and outcomes, students will be well-prepared to
design, conduct, and analyze survey sampling techniques, make informed decisions
regarding sample size and methodology, and understand the intricacies of the official
statistical system in India.

UNIT-I
Concept of population and sample, complete enumeration versus sampling, sampling and non
sampling errors, pilot survey. Types of sampling: non-probability and probability sampling,
basic principle of sample survey, simple random sampling (SRS) with and without
replacement, definition and procedure of selecting a sample, estimates of population mean and
total, estimates and variances of these estimates, estimates of their variances. (12 hours)

UNIT-II
Sample size determination (for mean and proportion), Stratified random sampling: Technique,
estimates of population mean and total, variances of these estimates, proportional and optimum
allocations and their comparison with SRS. Practical difficulties in allocation, estimation of
gain in precision. (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Systematic Sampling: Technique, estimates of population mean and total, variances of these
estimates (N = nk). Comparison of systematic sampling with SRS and stratified sampling in
the presence of linear trend. Concept of cluster sampling and double sampling. (12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Introduction to Ratio and regression methods of estimation, first approximation to the
population mean and total (for SRS of large size), variances of these estimates and estimates
of these variances. Concept of multistage, multiphase and Probability Proportional to Size
(PPS) sampling. (12 hours)

UNIT V
Present official statistical system in India, Methods of collection of official statistics, their
reliability and limitations. Role of Ministry of Statistics & Program Implementation (MoSPI),
Central Statistical Office (CSO), National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), and National
Statistical Commission. Government of India’s Principal publications containing data on the
topics such as population, industry and finance. (12 hours)

Page | 28
SUGGESTED READING:
1. Cochran, W.G. (1984). Sampling Techniques(3rd Edition). Wiley Eastern.
2. Sukhatme,P.V., Sukhatme, B. V.,Sukhatme, S., &Asok,C.(1984). Sampling Theories of
Survey with Application. IOWA State University Press and Indian Society of
Agricultural Statistics.
3. Murthy, M.N. (1977). Sampling Theory & Statistical Methods. Statistical Pub, Society,
Calcutta.
4. Des, R.,&Chandhok, P. (1998). Sample Survey [Link] Publishing House.
5. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. &Dasgupta, B. (2001). Fundamentals of Statistics, Vol.2.
World Press.
6. Guide to Current Indian Official Statistics, Central Statistical Office, GOI, New Delhi.
7. Website of the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation ([Link]

Page | 29
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-352
(Stochastic Processes and Queuing Theory)

Semester VI
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Develop a strong foundation in probability distributions and generating functions.
Understand their applications in modeling and analyzing various stochastic processes.
• Gain a comprehensive understanding of stochastic processes, including stationary
processes. Learn how to analyze and interpret random processes over time.
• Acquire expertise in Markov chains, including their definitions, transition probability
matrices, and order. Understand the graphical representation of Markov chains and their
classification.
• Develop skills in working with Poisson processes, understanding their properties, and
analyzing inter-arrival times. Gain an overview of branching processes and their
significance.
• Understand the fundamental concepts of queuing systems, including steady-state
distributions, queuing models, and waiting time distributions. Learn how to analyze and
model real-world queuing scenarios.

Learning Outcome
• Acquire practical skills in using probability distributions and generating functions to
model random processes. Understand how to apply these concepts to various real-world
scenarios.
• Develop the ability to analyze stochastic processes, including identifying stationary
processes and interpreting their behavior over time.
• Gain proficiency in analyzing and interpreting Markov chains using transition
probability matrices. Understand the classification of states and chains and their
implications for stability.
• Acquire skills in working with Poisson processes, understanding their postulates,
properties, and inter-arrival times. Apply these concepts to solve problems related to
random events.
• Develop the ability to analyze queuing systems, calculate steady-state distributions, and
model waiting time distributions. Understand how queuing theory is applied in
scenarios involving waiting lines and service processes.
• From this course students will be well-prepared to work with various stochastic
processes, analyze Markov chains, Poisson processes, and queuing systems, and apply
these concepts to real-world situations involving randomness and uncertainty.

Page | 30
UNIT-I
Probability Distributions: Generating functions, Bivariate probability generating function.
Stochastic Process: Introduction, Stationary Process. (12 hours)

UNIT-II
Markov Chains: Definition of Markov Chain, transition probability matrix, order of Markov
chain, Markov chain as graphs, higher transition probabilities. Generalization of independent
Bernoulli trials, classification of states and chains, stability of Markov system, diagrammatic
representation of Markov Chain. (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Poisson Process: postulates of Poisson process, properties of Poisson process, inter-arrival
time, Second order Poisson Process, relevant problems. Branching process (Overview only)
(12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Queuing System: General concept, steady state distribution, queuing model, M/M/1 with finite
system capacity, waiting time distribution (without proof) and relevant problems.
(12 hours)
UNIT V
Gambler’s Ruin Problem: Classical ruin problem, expected duration of the game. Simple birth
process and simple death process- relevant deduction and applications. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Medhi, J. (2009). Stochastic Processes. New Age International Publishers.
2. Basu, A.K. (2005). Introduction to Stochastic Processes, Narosa Publishing.
3. Bhat, B. R. (2000). Stochastic Models: Analysis and Applications. New Age
International Publishers.
4. Taha, H. (1995). Operations Research: An Introduction. Prentice- Hall India.
5. Feller, W. (1968). Introduction to probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol I (3rd
Edition). Wiley International.

Page | 31
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-353
(Multivariate Analysis and Nonparametric Methods)

Semester VI
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Develop a comprehensive understanding of bivariate normal distribution, including
its probability density function (p.d.f), properties, and marginal and conditional
distributions. Extend this knowledge to multivariate data, covering random vectors,
their probability mass/density functions, mean vectors, and dispersion matrices.
• Acquire expertise in the multivariate normal distribution, its properties, and how it
is used to model multivariate data. Understand the sampling distribution of the mean
vector and variance-covariance matrix in multivariate scenarios.
• Gain a deep understanding of correlation coefficients in multivariate data, including
multiple and partial correlation coefficients. Learn about their properties and how
they measure the relationships among variables.
• Learn the fundamentals of sequential analysis, including the sequential probability
ratio test (SPRT) for comparing simple hypotheses. Understand the relationships
among significance levels, power, average sample numbers, and error probabilities.
• Develop proficiency in nonparametric methods, including tests for randomness,
Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, sign tests, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and Mann-
Whitney U tests. Understand the concepts behind these tests and how they are
applied.

Learning Outcome
• Acquire practical skills in analyzing multivariate data, understanding distributions,
and calculating properties of multivariate distributions, leading to a deeper
understanding of data patterns.
• Develop the ability to model multivariate data using the multivariate normal
distribution. Understand how to estimate and interpret mean vectors and variance-
covariance matrices.
• Gain expertise in interpreting correlation coefficients in multivariate scenarios,
including multiple and partial correlation coefficients. Understand their roles in
capturing relationships between variables.
• Acquire skills in applying sequential analysis techniques, especially the SPRT, to
make informed decisions regarding hypotheses. Understand how to balance
significance levels, power, and sample sizes for efficient decision-making.

Page | 32
• Develop practical skills in applying nonparametric tests to data. Understand how to
choose and perform appropriate tests for randomness, distribution comparisons, and
paired/unpaired samples, even when parametric assumptions are not met.
• The course shall teach the student to analyze and interpret multivariate data,
understand the principles of sequential analysis, and apply nonparametric methods
in various statistical scenarios, enhancing their ability to work with diverse types of
data and make informed statistical decisions.

UNIT-I
Bivariate Normal Distribution (BVN): p.d.f. of BVN, properties of BVN, marginal and
conditional p.d.f. of BVN and related problems. (12 hours)

UNIT-II
Multivariate Data: Random Vector: Probability mass/density functions, Distribution
function, Mean vector & Dispersion matrix, Marginal & Conditional distributions.
Multinomial distribution (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Multivariate Normal distribution and its properties. Sampling distribution for mean vector
and variance- covariance matrix. Multiple and partial correlation coefficient- concept,
properties (statements only) and applications. (12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Sequential Analysis: Sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) for simple null vs simple
alternative hypotheses. Fundamental relations among α, β, A and B, determination of A and
B in practice. Wald’s fundamental identity and the derivation of operating characteristics
(OC) and average sample number (ASN) functions. (12 hours)

UNIT V
Nonparametric Tests: Introduction and Concept
One Sample Tests: Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, Sign tests, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Test for
randomness based on total number of runs
Two sample Tests: Sign Test, Wilcoxon matched pair signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U
test, Wald-Wolfowitz run test. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Anderson, T.W. (2003). An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis
(3rdEdition). John Wiley
2. Muirhead, R.J. (1982). Aspects of Multivariate Statistical Theory. John Wiley.
3. Kshirsagar, A.M. (1972). Multivariate Analysis (1stEdition). Marcel Dekker.
4. Johnson, R.A.,&Wichern, D.W. (2007). Applied Multivariate Analysis (6thEdition).
Pearson & Prentice Hall.

Page | 33
5. Goon, A.M., Gupta, M.K. &Dasgupta, B. (2005). An Outline ofStatistical Theory,
Volume II,World Press.
6. Rao, C. R. (2000). Linear Statistical Inference. Wiley.
7. Mukhopadhyay, P. Mathematical Statistics. Books and Allied, Kolkata
8. Gibbons, J. D. &Chakraborty, S. (2003). Nonparametric Statistical Inference (4th
Edition). Marcel Dekker, CRC.

Page | 34
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-354 LAB
(Practical based on Sample Survey, Non-parametric and Multivariate
Analysis)

Semester VI
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 120
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Develop practical skills in selecting SRS with and without replacement, estimating
population mean, population mean square and population variance of SRS.
• Gain a deep understanding of the practical foundations of different method of sample
selection. Learn to estimate the gain in precision in stratified sampling technique.
• Learn how to determine the sample size, allocate samples in strata, interpret results, draw
meaningful conclusions, and make informed decisions based on statistical evidence.
• Develop proficiency in methods like Multiple Correlation, Partial Correlation and apply
these methods to practical problems. Understand how to fit Bivariate Normal Distribution,
Multivariate Normal Distribution.
• Gain hands-on experience with non-parametric techniques such as Kolmogrov Smirnov
test for one sample, Sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test for one sample and two samples
and Mann-Whitney U-test.

Learning Outcomes:
• Acquire practical skills in selecting simple random sample with and without replacement
and stratified sample. Apply these skills to draw simple random and stratified sample.
• Develop the ability to make informed decisions based on statistical analyses. Understand
how to choose the appropriate allocation techniques method for drawing stratified
sample or in practical sample selection problems.
• Gain a strong foundation in mathematical techniques such as Multiple Correlation,
Partial Correlation. Apply these methods to approximate value and the relationship
between the variables.
• Apply statistical techniques to real-world datasets. Understand the practical techniques
of sample size determination and estimation of population mean, population mean
square and population variance.
• Enhance problem-solving skills by applying non-parametric methods to solve different
problems. Develop the ability to work with complex datasets and utilize appropriate
techniques to obtain meaningful results.

Page | 35
• Studying the paper students will be well-prepared to handle practically challenges and
they will be equipped with valuable skills for data analysis, decision-making, and
research in various fields.
List of Practical

1. To select a SRS with and without replacement.

2. For a population of size 5, estimate population mean, population mean square and
population variance. Enumerate all possible samples of size 2 by WR and WOR and
establish all properties relative to SRS.
3. For SRSWOR, estimate mean, standard error, the sample size
4. Stratified Sampling: allocation of sample to strata by proportional and Neyman’s
methods Compare the efficiencies of above two methods relative to SRS
5. Estimation of gain in precision in stratified sampling.
6. Multiple Correlation.
7. Partial Correlation.
8. Parameter estimation of Bivariate Normal Distribution.
9. Parameter estimation of Multivariate Normal Distribution.
10. Test for randomness based on total number of runs
11. Kolmogrov Smirnov test for one sample.
12. Sign test: one sample, two samples, large samples.
13. Mann-Whitney U-test
14. Wilcoxon signed rank test-one sample and two samples.
15. Wald-Wolfowitz Run test for two samples

SUGGESTED READING:
• Gardener,M. (2012). Beginning R: The Statistical Programming Language. Wiley Publications.
• Braun, W.J.,& Murdoch, D.J. (2007). A First Course in Statistical Programming with R.
Cambridge University Press. New York
• Moore, D.S., McCabe, G.P., &Craig, B.A. (2014). Introduction to the Practice of Statistics.
W.H. Freeman
• Cho,M.J.,Martinez,W.L.(2014). Statistics in MATLAB: A Primer. Chapman and Hall/CRC

Page | 36
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-401
(Real Analysis and Linear Algebra)

Semester VII
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Understand the basic concepts of real analysis including completeness of set,
supremum, infimum, sequence and series and their convergence, real-valued function,
continuous function, uniform continuity and convergence, power series, Fourier series.
• Also to learn about unconstrained and constrained optimization problems with several
variables, double and multiple integrals, uniform convergence in improper integrals and
differentiation under the sign of integral.
• To learn those concepts of real analysis are necessary in the study of probability theory,
distribution theory, statistical inference, stochastic process, Bayesian inference, linear
and non-linear models, optimization techniques, multivariate statistics and other topics
of statistics.
• The paper helps in understanding the basic concepts of linear algebra including
matrices, vector space, linear dependence, basis and dimension of vector space, norms
and orthogonality, orthogonal projections, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process,
• To learn about Eigen values and Eigen vectors, generalized inverse, quadratic forms
and solution of system of linear equations.

Learning Outcome
• On studying this paper the students are expected to develop a mathematical foundation
that is necessary for understanding various advanced topics of statistics.
• The concepts of linear algebra shall help the student in the study of multivariate
analysis, time series, linear models and regression, design of experiments, stochastic
process, bivariate and multivariate distributions, Statistical inference, stochastic
process, Bayesian inference, linear and non-linear models, optimization techniques, and
several other topics of statistics they shall encounter in other courses of the same
program.
• This, paper lays the foundation of the student in further understanding of the subject.
UNIT-I
Sequences: Convergent sequences, bounded sequences, Cauchy’s general principle of
convergence. Infinite series, different tests of convergence of series (without
proof).Continuous functions and their properties, uniform continuity. (12 hours)
UNIT-II

Page | 37
Mean value theorems, Taylor’s theorem and their applications. Functions of several variables:
continuity and differentiability. Maxima-minima of functions of one real variable. Maxima-
minima of functions of several variables, constrained maxima-minima of functions and their
applications. (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Double and multiple integrals (triple integral only), evaluation of multiple integrals by repeated
integration (triple integral only), change of variables in multiple integration. Improper
integrals, differentiation under the sign of integral. (12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Linear transformations, Rank and nullity of a linear transformation, rank-nullity theorem.
Matrix representation of linear transformations. Inner product spaces, norms and orthogonality,
orthogonal projections. Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process. (12 hours)

UNIT V
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix, Diagonalizable matrices, Similarity with triangular
matrices, Matrix polynomials, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Generalized inverse of a matrix,
Moore and Penrose inverse, Quadratic forms (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:
1. T.M. Apostol (1974), Mathematical Analysis, 2nd edition, Narosa Book Distributors Pvt.
Ltd.
2. R. G. Bartle and D. R. Sherbert (2000) Introduction to Real Analysis, 4th edition, Wiley
India Pvt. Ltd.
3. S. C. Malik and S. Arora (2017) Mathematical Analysis, 5th edition, New Age International
Publishers.
4. A. Kumar and S. Kumaresan, (2014) A Basic Course in Real Analysis, 1st edition, CRC
Press.
5. Royden HL and Fitzpatrick PM (2015) Real Analysis, 4th Edition, Pearson.
6. Mapa S.K. (2019) Introduction to Real Analysis, 8th Edition, Sarat Book House.

7. Kunze Ray, Hoffman Kenneth (2008) LinearAlgebra, 2nd Edition, PHI Learning Pvt.
Ltd.
8. Seymour Lipschutz, Marc Lipson (2005) LinearAlgebra 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
9. Seymour Lipschutz, Marc Lipson (2017) Schaum’s Outlines of Linear Algebra, Third
Edition, McGrow Hills Inc.
10. Biswas, S. (2012). Textbook of Matrix Algebra, PHI, New Delhi.
11. Bhimasanaram P., A. Ramachandra Rao (2010) Linear Algebra (Texts and Readings in
Mathematics) 2nd Revised edition, HinduStatn Book Agency.
12. Banerjee, S., Roy, A. (2014). Linear Algebra and Matrix Analysis for Statistics, First
Edition, CRC Press.
13. Dasgupta A. (2014) Abstract and Linear Algebra, AshokePrakashan, Kolkata.
14. Khanna, V. K. and Bhambri, S. K. (2016). A Course in Abstract Algebra, Fifth Edition,
Vikas Publishing House.

Page | 38
*****

Page | 39
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-402
(Probability Theory)

Semester VII
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• This paper shall give the students’ knowledge about the basic concepts of measure
theory, measurable function, integrability of functions.
• Students shall also learn about probability space, theorems of probability and functions
of random variables.
• They shall also go into the details of distribution function, convergence of sequence of
random variables, generating function and their convergence
• Theorems, proofs and problems concerning law of large numbers, central limit
theorems and urn models shall also be dealt with

Learning Outcome
• Knowledge of probability is the basis of understanding the other domains of statistics.

• The knowledge of other subfields of statistics that depends on the concept of probability
includes stochastic process, statistical inference, time series, regression analysis,
multivariate analysis and other areas of statistical modeling.
• In addition to all these the students learn how to quantify the chance of an outcome in
the midst of uncertainty.
UNIT-I
Classes of Sets, Fields, sigma-fields, minimal sigma-field, Borel field, Sequence of sets, limits
of a sequence of sets, Probability measure, Integration with respect to measure.
(12 hours)
UNIT-II
Probability space, Basic terminologies and theorems on probability, theorem of total
probability, conditional probability, theorems on compound probability and Bayes theorem,
Independence of events and its difference from mutually exclusive events, Borel zero-one
criterion. (12 hours)
UNIT-III
Random Variable and its properties, mathematical expectation and inequalities involving
random variables viz. Markov’s, Holder’s, Minkowski’s and Jenson’s Inequalities, Probability
distribution (discrete and continuous), Distribution function, two-dimensional and Multi-

Page | 40
dimensional random variables, Marginal and conditional distributions and stochastic
independence. (12 hours)
UNIT-IV
Generating functions, probability generating function, moment generating function
characteristic functions, factorial moment generating functions, Uniqueness theorem, inversion
theorem, Joint characteristic function. (12 hours)
UNIT V
Law of large numbers, Chebychev’s and Khinchin’s weak law of large numbers, Kolmogorov’s
theorem, Strong law of large numbers., Central limit theorem, De-Moivre’s Laplace central limit
theorem, Liapounov’s central limit theorem, Statement of Lindeberg- Feller’s central limit theorem.
(12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING
1. Ash, Robert B. (2000). Probability and Measure Theory, Second Edition, Academic
Press, New York.
2. Feller, W. (1985). Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Wiley
Eastern, New Delhi
3. Bhatt, B.R. (1999). Modern Probability Theory, 3rd Edition, New Age International
Publishers.
4. A. K. Md. Ehsanes Saleh and Vijay K. Rohatgi (2010) An Introduction to Probability
and STATistics, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
5. Das K. K. and Bhattacharjee D. (2008). An Introduction to Probability Theory, Asian
Books, New Delhi.
6. Capinski, M. and ZaStatwniah (2001). Probability through problems, Springer.
7. Cramer, H. (1992). Mathematical Methods of Statistics, Princeton University Press.

Page | 41
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-403
(Distribution Theory)

Semester VII
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Understand the derivation, properties, and applications of binomial, multinomial, Poisson,
negative binomial, geometric, hypergeometric distributions, and power series distribution.
• Explore the exponential families of distributions and the Pitman family of distributions.
• Derive, comprehend, and apply properties of normal, exponential, gamma, beta, Weibull,
Cauchy, and lognormal distributions.
• Derive and understand properties and applications of the bivariate normal distribution.
• Derive, understand, and establish the interrelationship of Chi-square, t, and F-distributions.
• Derive and comprehend properties and applications of non-central Chi-square, t, and F
distributions.
• Explore compound distributions, including Neyman’s Type A distribution, Polya-
Eggenberger distribution, and Inverse Polya-Eggenberger distribution.
• Understand the truncation of basic discrete and continuous distributions and their properties.
• Understand distributions of r-th order statistics and joint density of two order statistics.
• Explore special joint distributions resulting from order statistics, distribution of range, and
other systematic statistics.
• Understand moments, recurrence relations, and identities for moments of order statistics
from arbitrary distributions.
• Study mixture distributions, including finite mixtures, zero-modified distributions, mixture
of binomial distribution, and extreme value distributions.

Learning Outcome
• Gain a comprehensive understanding of discrete probability distributions and their real-
world applications.
• Develop the ability to apply power series distribution in various contexts.
• Acquire a deep understanding of continuous probability distributions and their significance.
• Apply various continuous distributions to solve practical problems.
• Develop the ability to analyze and model relationships between two variables using bivariate
distributions.
• Understand the importance and interconnections of different sampling distributions.
• Develop proficiency in analyzing distributions with non-central characteristics.
• Understand the principles and applications of compound distributions and truncation in
statistical modeling.
• Develop advanced statistical modeling skills using order statistics and joint distributions.
• Apply mixture distributions and extreme value distributions in diverse contexts.

UNIT-I

Page | 42
Derivation, properties and advanced applications of multinomial, Poisson, negative binomial,
geometric, hyper geometric distribution, power series Distribution, Exponential families of
Distributions, Pitman family of distributions. (12 hours)
UNIT-II
Derivation, properties and applications of extreme value distributions (Type I, Type II and Type
III). Mixture distribution- finite mixture, zero-modified distributions, mixture of binomial
distribution. (12 hours)
UNIT-III
Derivation, properties and applications of bivariate normal distribution, Derivation, properties
and applications of Chi-square, t and F-distributions and their interrelationship. (12 hours)
UNIT-IV
Derivation, properties and applications of non-central chi-square, t and F distributions.
Compound distribution- Neyman’s Type A distribution, Polya-Eggenberger distribution,
Inverse Polya-Eggenberger distribution, Truncation of basic discrete and continuous
distributions with their properties. (12 hours)
UNIT V
Distributions of rth order statistics, joint density of two order statistics, some special joint
distributions resulting from order statistics, Distribution of range and other systematic
statistics, moments of order statistics, recurrence relations and identities for moments of order
statistics from an arbitrary distributions. (12 hours)
SUGGESTED READING:
1. Johnson, N.L., Kemp, A.W., and Kotz, S.. (2005): Univariate Discrete Distributions,
5th edition, Wiley Interscience, John Wiley & Sons
2. Johnson, N.L., Kotz, S., and Balakrishnan, N. (2002): Continuous Univariate
Distributions, Vol. 1, John Wiley
3. Johnson, N.L., Kotz, S., and Balakrishnan, N. (2002): Continuous Univariate
Distributions, Vol. 2, John Wiley
4. Hogg, R. V., Craig, A., and Mckean, J.W. (2019): Introduction to Mathematical
Statistics, 8th edition , Pearson
5. Freund, J.E. (1998): Mathematical Statistics, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
6. Biswas, S. (2002): Topics in Statistical Methodology, New Age International
Publishers, New Delhi
7. Wilks, S.S. (2007): Mathematical Statistics, Buck Press
8. Das, K.K. and Bhattacharjee, D. (2008): A Treatise on Statistical Inference and
Distributions, Asian Books, New Delhi

Page | 43
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-404 LAB
(Practical Based on Linear Algebra and Probability Distribution using R)

Semester VII
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 120
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Enable students to compute adjoint and inverse of a matrix using R.
• Develop the ability to reducing a Quadratic Form to its canonical form and finding its
rank and index using R.
• Teach the students to establish a quadratic form whether it is positive or negative
definite using R.
• Develop proficiency of finding the product of two matrices by considering partitioned
matrices using R.
• To learn how to find the inverse of a matrix by using Cayley Hamilton theorem using
R.
• Fitting of common discrete and continuous distributions and draw random sample from
such distributions.

Learning Outcomes:
• Students will effectively compute adjoint and inverse of a matrix using R.
• Perform analysis to reducing a Quadratic Form to its canonical form and finding its
rank and index using R.
• Students shall be able to establish a quadratic form whether it is positive or negative
definite using R.
• Students will find the product of two matrices by considering partitioned matrices using
R.
• Mastering in find the inverse of a matrix by using Cayley Hamilton theorem using R.
List of Practical:
1. Computation of adjoint and inverse of a matrix
2. Computation of Determinants of matrix
3. Inverses of a matrix by partitioning
4. Rank of a matrix
5. Solutions of matrix equations
6. Characteristic roots and vectors of a matrix
7. Reducing a Quadratic Form to its canonical form and finding its rank and index
8. Proving that a quadratic form is positive or negative definite
9. Finding the product of two matrices by considering partitioned matrices
10. Finding inverse of a matrix by using Cayley-Hamilton theorem

Page | 44
 11. Distribution Fitting and checking the goodness of fit of Binomial distribution
12. Distribution Fitting and checking the goodness of fit of Poisson distribution
13. Distribution Fitting and checking the goodness of fit of Normal distribution
14. Distribution Fitting and checking the goodness of fit of Lognormal distribution
15. Distribution Fitting and checking the goodness of fit of Beta distribution
16. Goodness of Fit of distribution with Known Parameters, Testing Independence
17. Random number generation and Simulations.

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Schmuller, J. (2017). Statistical Analysis with R For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons.
2. Mailund, T. (2017). Beginning Data Science in R: Data Analysis, Visualization, and
Modelling for the Data Scientist. Apress.
3. Gardener M. (2010) Beginning R : The Statistical Programming Language, Wiley India
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Teetor, Paul (2011) R Cookbook, O’Really.
5. Braun, W. J. and Murdoch, D. J. (2007) A First Course on Statistical Programming with R,
Cambridge University Press.

Page | 45
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-451
(Research Methodology)

Semester VIII
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Develop an understanding of the meaning, objectives, and motivations in research. Explore
different types of research and comprehend research approaches and the significance of
research in various domains.
• Learn the process of defining, selecting, and understanding the necessity of research
problems. Gain skills in identifying research gaps and framing clear objectives, research
questions, and hypotheses.
• Understand the principles of survey methodology, covering topics such as data collection,
inference, and errors in surveys. Explore concepts like target populations, sampling frames,
coverage errors, and methods of data collection.
• Review various data analysis techniques from core statistics papers. Learn techniques for
processing, analyzing data, and interpreting results. Understand precautions in data
interpretation to ensure accurate conclusions.
• Apply theoretical knowledge by developing a questionnaire, collecting survey data related
to real-world problems (e.g., gender discriminations, unemployment rates), and interpret
results to draw meaningful inferences.

Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate the ability to choose appropriate research methods aligned with aims and
objectives.
• Understand the limitations of research and effectively address them by framing clear
research problems and objectives.
• Identify and discuss the role and importance of research in the social sciences, showcasing
proficiency in reviewing relevant literature.
• Gain practical skills in survey methodology, covering data collection, inference, and error
management in surveys.
• Develop the ability to process, analyze, and interpret data, ensuring students can derive
meaningful insights and draw valid conclusions from survey results.

UNIT-I
Introduction: Meaning, objective and motivation in research, types of research, research
approach, significance of research. Research problems: definition, selection and necessity of
research problems. (12 hours)

Page | 46
UNIT-II
Review of literature, identifying research gaps, framing of objectives of the survey, research
questions and research hypothesis, need of Pilot survey and its implications of its result
(12 hours)
UNIT-III
Survey Methodology and Data Collection, inference and error in surveys, the target
populations, sampling frames and coverage error, methods of data collection, non-response,
questions and answers in surveys. (12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Processing, Data Analysis and Interpretation: Review of various techniques for data analysis
covered in core statistics papers, techniques of interpretation, precaution in interpretation.
(12 hours)

UNIT V
Data collection process through the questionnaire, aspects of a questionnaire, essentials of a
good questionnaire, schedule method of collecting data, difference between the questionnaire
and schedule.
Report Writing: Types of report, its layout, steps in writing a report, precautions of report
writing. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Kothari, C.R. (2009): Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, 2nd Revised
Edition reprint, New Age International Publishers.
2. Kumar, R (2011): Research Methodology: A Step - by - Step Guide for Beginners,
SAGE publications.
3. Malhotra Naresh, K. and Dash, S. (2015) Marketing Research, An Applied Orientation.
7th Edition, Pearson, India.
4. Panneerselvam, R. (2014) Research Methodology, PHI Learning.

Page | 47
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-452
(Advanced Statistical Inference)

Semester VIII
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Familiarize with the Neyman Factorization Criterion. Learn its application in determining
sufficient statistics.
• Understand the concept of completeness in statistical inference. Recognize the importance
of completeness in efficient estimation.
• Learn about the exponential family of distributions. Understand the properties and
characteristics of this family.
• Explore families that are non-regular but admit complete sufficient statistics.
• Understand Rao-Cramer’s inequality and its implications. Learn its role in determining
lower bounds for variances of unbiased estimators.
• Grasp Chapman-Robin’s inequality and its significance in statistical estimation.
• Understand Bhattacharya’s Bound and its application in statistical inference.
• Learn the concept of Mean Square Error (MSE) as a measure of estimator performance.
Understand the trade-off between bias and variance.
• Explore the criteria for an estimator to be the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator. Understand
the concept of efficiency in the context of BLUE.
• Grasp Rao-Blackwell theorem and its application in improving estimators.
• Understand Lehmann-Scheffe theorem and its role in finding unique estimators.
• Learn the fundamentals of the method of Maximum Likelihood. Apply MLE to estimate
parameters. Understand the asymptotic properties of Maximum Likelihood Estimators.
Explore the application of MLE in censored and truncated distributions.
• Grasp the Method of Moments for parameter estimation. Learn to apply the method in
practical scenarios.
• Understand the concept of the Method of Minimum Chi-Squares. Explore its application in
statistical estimation.
• Familiarize with the Modified Minimum Chi-Square method and its significance.
• Learn the Pitman method of estimation for location and scale parameters.
• Grasp the Neyman-Pearson Lemma and its role in hypothesis testing.
• Understand the concepts of Most Powerful and Uniformly Most Powerful tests. Explore
their applications in hypothesis testing.
• Learn to construct UMP tests for simple null hypotheses against one-sided alternatives.
• Understand the construction of UMP tests for one-sided null hypotheses in the exponential
family.

Page | 48
• Learn the pivotal quantity method for constructing confidence intervals. Understand the
general method of constructing confidence intervals.
• Explore the construction of confidence intervals in the context of large sample sizes.
• Understand the criteria for constructing the shortest expected length confidence interval.
• Learn about uniformly most accurate one-sided confidence intervals. Understand their
relationship to UMP tests for one-sided null hypotheses against one-sided alternatives.

Learning Outcome
• Recognize the role of consistency in ensuring estimators converge to the true parameter
value. Grasp the concept of efficiency and its connection to the precision of estimators.
Understand the notion of sufficiency and its role in reducing data to its essential
information.
• Familiarity with Neyman factorization criterion and its application in identifying sufficient
statistics. Understand completeness and its significance in capturing all information about
the parameter. Explore the exponential family of distributions and its key properties.
Investigate non-regular families that admit complete sufficient statistics.
• Understand Rao-Cramer’s inequality and its implications for the efficiency of estimators.
Familiarity with Chapman-Robin’s inequality and its use in bounding moments of
distributions. Explore Bhattacharya’s Bound and its application in measuring the difference
between probability distributions. Grasp the concept of mean square error and its role in
assessing the performance of estimators.
• Comprehend the concept of Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) and its optimality
properties. Explore the Rao-Blackwell theorem and its application in improving estimators.
Understand Lehmann-Scheffe theorem and its role in obtaining unbiased estimators with
minimal variance.
• Master the method of maximum likelihood for estimating parameters. Explore the
asymptotic properties of Maximum Likelihood Estimators (MLE). Understand the
application of MLE in censored and truncated distributions.
• Understand the method of minimum chi-squares and modified minimum chi-square for
estimation. Familiarity with the Pitman method of estimation for location and scale.
• Recognize the concepts of most powerful (MP) and uniformly most powerful (UMP) tests.
Explore UMP tests for simple null hypotheses against one-sided alternatives. Understand
UMP tests for one-sided null hypotheses against one-sided alternatives in the one-
parameter exponential family.
• Grasp the concept of pivotal quantity method for constructing confidence intervals. Explore
large sample confidence intervals. Recognize the concept of uniformly most accurate one-
sided confidence interval and its relation to UMP tests for one-sided null hypotheses against
one-sided alternative hypotheses.
UNIT-I
Properties of estimators-Unbiasedness, consistency, efficiency, sufficiency, Neyman
factorization criterion, Completeness, Exponential family of distributions and its properties,
Non-regular families admitting complete sufficient statistics. (12 hours)
UNIT-II

Page | 49
Rao-Cramer’s inequality, Chapman-Robin’s inequality, Bhattacharya’s Bound, Mean square
error, Best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE), Rao-Blackwell theorem, Lehmann-Scheffe
theorem (12 hours)
UNIT-III
Method of maximum likelihood, asymptotic properties of MLE, MLE in censored and
truncated distributions, Method of moments, method of minimum chi-squares, modified
minimum chi-square, Pitman method of estimation for location and scale (12 hours)
UNIT-IV
Neyman-Pearson lemma, most powerful (MP) and uniformly most powerful (UMP) tests, UMP
tests for simple null hypothesis against one-sided alternatives and for one sided null against
one-sided alternatives in one parameter exponential family (12 hours)
UNIT V
Pivotal quantity method and general method of constructing confidence interval, large sample
confidence interval, construction of shortest expected length confidence interval
Uniformly most accurate one-sided confidence interval and its relation to UMP tests for one-
sided null against one-sided alternative hypothesis. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Hogg, R. V., Craig, A., and Mckean, J.W. (2019): Introduction to Mathematical
Statistics, 8th edition , Pearson
2. Kale, B. K. (1999): A first course on Parametric Inference, Narosa Publishing House
3. Bartoszynski, R and Bugaj, M.N. (2007): Probability and Statistical Inference, John
Wiley & Sons
4. Lehmann, E. L. (1986): Theory of Point Estimation, John Wiley & Sons
5. Lehmann, E.L. (1986): Testing Statistical Hypothesis, John Wiley & Sons
6. Dudewicz, E. J and Mishra, S.N. (1988): Modern mathematical Statistics, John Wiley
& Sons
7. Rao, C. R. (1973): Linear Statistical Inference and Its Applications, 2nd edition, Wiley
Eastern Limited, New Delhi
8. Wilks, S.S. (2007): Mathematical STATistics, Buck Press
9. Rohtagi, V.K and Saleh, A. K, Md, E. (2005): An Introduction to Probability and
Statistics, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons
10. Zacks, S. (1971): Theory of Statistical Inference, , John Wiley & Sons
11. Mishra, A. (2020): Theory of Statistical Estimation, Notion Press, Chennai
12. Mishra, A. (2020): Theory of Statistical Hypothesis Testing, Notion Press, Chennai.
13. Das, K.K. and Bhattacharjee, D. (2008): A Treatise on Statistical Inference and
Distributions, Asian Books, New Delhi.
14. Mood, A.M, Graybill, F. A. and Boes, D. C. (2017): Introduction to the Theory of statistics, Mc.
Graw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.

Page | 50
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-453
(Operations Research)

Semester VIII
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Familiarize students with the fundamental concepts of Operations Research (O.R.) and
its various phases. Understand the role of O.R. in decision-making and problem-solving
across different domains.
• Develop a strong foundation in linear programming (LP) by learning the mathematical
formulation of LP problems and graphical solutions. Acquire proficiency in solving LP
problems using the simplex method and understanding the significance of artificial
variables.
• Gain insight into the concept of duality in LP problems and learn how to solve dual LP
problems using the dual simplex method. Understand the relationship between primal
and dual LP problems and their practical applications.
• Learn optimization techniques for solving transportation problems, including initial
solutions using various methods like North West corner rule, Least cost method, and
Vogel’s approximation method. Acquire skills in using the MODI method to find optimal
solutions.
• Understand the principles of game theory, including rectangular games, minimax-
maximin principles, and solution methods using graphical approaches. Understanding
the basics of critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation and review technique
(PERT) for project management and network analysis.
• Learn about trade-off between replacement and maintenance.

Learning Outcome
• Develop the ability to model real-world problems as linear programming problems,
understand their constraints and objectives, and apply the simplex method for
optimization.
• Acquire practical skills in solving transportation problems and assignment problems
using techniques like the Hungarian method. Understand how these methods are applied
to real-world scenarios involving distribution and allocation.
• Learn to analyze and make informed decisions using the principles of duality in LP
problems. Understand the economic interpretation of dual variables and the practical
implications of solving both primal and dual LP problems.
• Gain proficiency in project scheduling using CPM and PERT techniques. Understand
how to identify critical paths, calculate project completion times, and manage project
uncertainties effectively.

Page | 51
• Develop a solid understanding of replacement and maintenance problems and shall be
able to compute the depreciation cost in practical settings.
• From this course students will be well-prepared to apply operations research techniques
to a variety of decision-making scenarios, optimize resource allocation, manage projects
efficiently, and make informed choices in inventory management, contributing to
effective problem-solving in various domains.
UNIT-I
Introduction to Operations Research, phases of O.R. Linear Programming Problem,
Mathematical formulation of the L.P.P, graphical solutions of a L.P.P. Simplex method for
solving L.P.P. (12 hours)

UNIT-II
Charne’s M-technique for solving L.P.P. involving artificial variables. Concept of Duality in
L.P.P: Dual simplex method. (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Transportation Problem: Initial solution by North West corner rule, Least cost method and
Vogel’s approximation method (VAM), MODI’s method to find the optimal solution,
Assignment Problem – Hungarian method. (12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Game theory: rectangular game, minimax-maximin principle, solution to rectangular game
using graphical method, dominance and modified dominance property to reduce the game
matrix
Networking: CPM and PERT (Concept and applications). (12 hours)

UNIT V
Replacement and maintenance problems, methodology of replacement and maintenance
problems, replacement of items that deteriorates with time (with and without change in money
value), replacement of items that fail completely. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:
1. Taha, H. A. (2007). Operations Research: An Introduction (8th Hall of India,
Edition). Prentice
2. Kanti, S., Gupta, P.K.,& Manmohan, (2007). Operations Research (13th Edition).
Sultan Chand and Sons.
3. Hadley, G. (2002). Linear [Link] Publications
4. Hillier, F.A.,& Lieberman, G.J. (2010). Introduction to Operations Research-
Concepts and Cases (9th Edition). Tata McGraw Hill.

Page | 52
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-454
(Programming in Python)

Semester VIII
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• The course is designed to provide knowledge of Python to participants having little or
no prior programming experience.
• The knowledge of Python language is essential for participants to develop their
computational approaches to problem solving.
• Python programming is intended for software engineers, system analysts, program
managers and user support personnel for solving problems from basic to advanced
level.
• The main objective of the paper is to teach the participants programming skills in core
Python and to acquire Object Oriented Skills.

Learning Outcomes
• Learn Python language for expressing computations
• Learn a systematic approach to organizing, writing and debugging Python programs
• Learn how to utilize Python to apply statistical and visualization tools to model datasets

UNIT-I
The Python Environment, Basic elements of Python, Python Applications, Features of Python
Programming Language
Python keywords or reserved words, Python Identifiers, class names, variable names, function
names, method names, and Identifier naming rules. Implementations of Python, Modes of
Programming in Python. (12 hours)

UNIT-II
Comments for Understanding Python code, Python Comment Syntax, Python Single line
comment, Multiline comment in Python, and writing Python comments. (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Define Variables, Declaration of Variables, and Assigning Values to Variables, Initialization,
Reading, Variable naming restrictions, and Types of Python Variables. (12 hours)

Page | 53
UNIT-IV
Define Data Type, Python Numbers, Python Strings, Python Set and Python Boolean data type.
(12 hours)

UNIT V
Python Arithmetic, Comparison/Relational Operators, Increment Operators, Logical operators,
Branching Programs, Python Identity Operators and Python Operators Precedence.
(12 hours)

List of Programs to be practised in Python:

a) Use of print and input function in python

b) Simple Python program to perform Algebraic Computation
c) Finding the Maximum of Three Numbers in Python
d) Working with Strings
e) Computation of Descriptive Statistics in Python
f) Writing Python code for drawing of (i) Bar Graph (ii) Multiple Bar Diagram (iii) Line
Diagram (iv) Scatter Diagram (v) Boxplot (vi) Pie Chart (vii) Histogram
g) Learning how to install Library in Python
h) Fitting of Regression Line in Python
i) Fitting of the following distributions in Python without the use of any Package (i)
Bernoulli Distribution (ii) Binomial Distribution (iii) Poisson Distribution (iv) Normal
Distribution
j) Filling the following distributions in Python using appropriate package (i) Bernoulli
Distribution (ii) Binomial Distribution (iii) Poisson Distribution (iv) Normal
Distribution

SUGGESTED READING:
1. McGrath M., (2013) Python in Easy Steps, McGraw Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.
2. Guttag, J.V., (2016) Introduction to Computation and Programming using Python, PHI
Learning Pvt. Ltd.
3. Madhavan S. (2015). Mastering Python for Data Science, Packt Publishing Limited.
4. Lutz M. (2013). Learning Python, O’Reilly, 5th Edition.
5. Urban M. and Murach J. (2016). Murach’s Python Programming.
6. Baezly D M. (2009). Python Essential Reference, Fourth Edition. Addison-Wesley
Professional.
7. Baezly D M. (2013). Python Cookbook, O’Reilly, Third Edition.

Page | 54
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE: STADSC-455
(Research Project/Dissertation)

Semester VIII
(Credits: 12)
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• The paper introduces to the students how to write a literature review of a topic of
theoretical or applied statistics.
• The literature review shall not only be restricted to the problem but it shall be
carried forward to the corresponding methodological concepts as well.
• The basic purpose of the project is to lay the foundation of understanding how to
take up a Research Problem
• This project shall be an individual project. At the end of the project each student
shall submit a write up (project report) in duplicate clearly stating the findings or
research questions they reached following the literature review.
• Along with the report the project shall be presented by students before an external
examiner.

Learning Outcome
• On studying this paper students shall learn how to perform literature review
related to a researchable problem.
• Identification of research questions engrossing the research problem.
• The paper shall also enhance the presentation skills and learn to document a
project report.

Page | 55
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC MINOR: STADSM-201
(Random Variables and Probability Distributions)

Semester III
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Define and distinguish between discrete and continuous random variables.
• Explain the concept and significance of probability mass function (p.m.f.), probability
density function (p.d.f.), and cumulative distribution function (c.d.f.) for random
variables.
• Compute and interpret the expectation and variance of random variables, understanding
their properties and applications.
• Demonstrate proficiency in deriving common results involving random variables,
including moments and cumulants.
• Illustrate the application of bivariate probability distributions, understanding marginal
and conditional distributions, and recognizing the concept of independence of variates.
• Learn about the common probability distributions and their applications.
• To get informed about law of large numbers and the central limit theorem.

Learning Outcomes:
• Construct and interpret tree diagrams for discrete random variables.
• Recognize and understand discrete probability distribution functions, including
common distributions like Binomial, Poisson, Normal, and Exponential.
• Apply moment generating functions, cumulants generating functions, and characteristic
functions to analyze random variables and their properties.
• Analyze bivariate probability distributions, understanding marginal and conditional
distributions in practical scenarios.
• Interpret the independence of variates and its implications in statistical analysis.
• Solving problems involving some common probability distributions

UNIT-I
Random variables: Discrete and continuous random variables, Illustrations of random variables
and its properties, concept of p.m.f., p.d.f. and c.d.f. and their properties. (12 hours)

UNIT-II
Expectation and variance of random variables and its properties. Moments and cumulants of
random variables, moment generating function, cumulants generating function. (12 hours)

UNIT-III

Page | 56
Bivariate probability distributions, marginal and conditional distributions; independence of
variates (only general idea to be given). (12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Common Discrete and Continuous Probability Distributions- Binomial, Poisson, Normal,
Exponential. (12 hours)

UNIT V
Chebychev's inequality and its applications, Weak law of Large Numbers (WLLN),
Bernoulli’s law of large number, Central limit theorem (CLT)- concept only. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:

1. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor (2007): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, 11th Ed.,
Sultan Chand and Sons.
2. R.V. Hogg, A.T. Craig, and J.W. Mckean (2005): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics,
6th Ed. Pearson Education.
3. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta, and B. Dasgupta (2005): Fundamentals of Statistics (Vol. I),
8th Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
4. S.A. Ross (2007): Introduction to Probability Models, 9th Ed., Academic Press.

Page | 57
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC MINOR: STADSM-251 LAB

(Practical based on Basic Statistics and Probability Distributions)

Semester IV
(Credits: 3)
Contact Hours: 90
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Enable students to interpret and construct graphical representations of data using
histograms, frequency polygons, and ogive curves, with proficiency in handling equal
and unequal class intervals.
• Develop the ability to compute measures of central tendency accurately from raw and
grouped data, and demonstrate proficiency in adjusting for changes in origin and scale.
• Equip students with the skills to calculate measures of dispersion for raw and grouped
data, and demonstrate competency in adjusting for changes in origin and scale when
analyzing data variability.
• Foster an understanding of combined mean and variance, along with the coefficient of
variation, allowing students to integrate multiple statistical measures for comprehensive
data analysis.
• Develop proficiency in computing moments from raw and grouped data, and
demonstrate the ability to adjust for changes in origin and scale, facilitating a deeper
understanding of statistical moments and their applications.

Learning Outcomes:
• Students will effectively interpret and create graphical representations of data,
facilitating enhanced visualization and communication of statistical information.
• Learners will accurately compute and interpret measures of central tendency,
demonstrating the ability to summarize data distribution effectively.
• Participants will demonstrate proficiency in calculating measures of dispersion,
enabling them to assess the spread of data and identify potential outliers.
• Students will integrate concepts of mean, variance, and coefficient of variation to
analyze data variability comprehensively and draw meaningful insights.
• By mastering moments computation and adjustment for changes in origin and scale,
learners will develop a deeper understanding of statistical moments and their
significance in practical statistical analysis.
List of Practicals
1. Problems based on graphical representation of data: Histograms (equal class intervals
and unequal class intervals), Frequency polygon, Ogive curve.

Page | 58
 2. Problems based on measures of central tendency using raw data, grouped data and
for change of origin and scale.
3. Problems based on measures of dispersion using raw data, grouped data and for
change of origin and scale. Coefficient of Variation.
4. Problems based on Moments using raw data, grouped data and for change of origin
and scale.
5. Problems based on skewness and kurtosis
6. Lines of regression and regression coefficients
7. Spearman rank correlation with /without ties
8. Fitting of polynomials and exponential curves
9. Fitting of Binomial distribution
10. Fitting of Poisson distribution
11. Fitting of Normal distribution
Suggested Readings:
1. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta, and B. Dasgupta (2005): Fundamentals of Statistics (Vol. I),
8th Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
2. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, 4th Ed., Sultan
Chand and Sons, 2008.
3. N. G. Das (2008) Statistical Methods, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
4. Bhattacharjee D. and Bhattacharjee D. (2008) B. Sc Statistics Vol-I, Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.

Page | 59
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC MINOR: STADSM-252
(Mathematical Statistics)

Semester IV
(Credits: 3)
Contact Hours: 45
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Define and distinguish between discrete and continuous random variables.
• Explain the concept and significance of probability mass function (p.m.f.), probability
density function (p.d.f.), and cumulative distribution function (c.d.f.) for random
variables.
• Compute and interpret the expectation and variance of random variables, understanding
their properties and applications.
• Demonstrate proficiency in deriving common results involving random variables,
including moments and cumulants.
• Illustrate the application of bivariate probability distributions, understanding marginal
and conditional distributions, and recognizing the concept of independence of variates.
• Learn about the common probability distributions and their applications.

Learning Outcomes:
• Construct and interpret tree diagrams for discrete random variables.
• Recognize and understand discrete probability distribution functions, including
common distributions like Binomial, Poisson, Normal, and Exponential.
• Apply moment generating functions, cumulants generating functions, and characteristic
functions to analyze random variables and their properties.
• Analyze bivariate probability distributions, understanding marginal and conditional
distributions in practical scenarios.
• Interpret the independence of variates and its implications in statistical analysis.
• Solving problems involving some common probability distributions.

UNIT-I
Random variables: Discrete and continuous random variables, llustrations of random variables
and its properties, concept of p.m.f., p.d.f. and c.d.f. and their properties. (9 hours)

UNIT-II
Expectation and variance of random variables and its properties. Deduction of common results
involving random variables. (9 hours)

Page | 60
UNIT-III
Moments and cumulants of random variables, moment generating function, cumulants
generating function and characteristic function. (9 hours)

UNIT-IV
Bivariate probability distributions, marginal and conditional distributions; independence of
variates (only general idea to be given). (9 hours)

UNIT V
Common Discrete and Continuous Probability Distributions- Binomial, Poisson, Normal,
Exponential. (9 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:

1. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor (2007): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, 11th Ed.,
Sultan Chand and Sons.
2. R.V. Hogg, A.T. Craig, and J.W. Mckean (2005): Introduction to Mathematical Statistics,
6th Ed. Pearson Education.
3. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta, and B. Dasgupta (2005): Fundamentals of Statistics (Vol. I),
8th Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
4. S.A. Ross (2007): Introduction to Probability Models, 9th Ed., Academic Press.

Page | 61
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC MINOR: STADSM-301
(Statistical Inference and Applied Statistics)

Semester V
(Credits: 3)
Contact Hours: 45
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Develop a solid understanding of fundamental statistical concepts, including random
samples, parameters, and statistics.
• Acquire proficiency in formulating null and alternative hypotheses, determining
significance levels, and interpreting Type I and Type II errors.
• Master the concepts of sampling distributions, including those of the sample mean, and
apply large sample tests for various parameters.
• Explore the properties and relationships between main sampling distributions like chi-
square, t, and F distributions, applying them in significance tests.
• To understand about how to measure change in price/value of a basket of commodities
using Index number
• To understand the concept of time series data and the components of time series analysis
• To determine the trend in time series analysis and to understand the process of
measuring of seasonal impact on time series data.

Learning Outcome
• Demonstrate a solid understanding of fundamental statistical concepts, including
random samples, parameters, and statistics.
• Apply parameter and sample space concepts in the estimation process, evaluating
estimators for key properties.
• Acquire proficiency in formulating null and alternative hypotheses, determining
significance levels, and interpreting Type I and Type II errors.
• Master the concepts of sampling distributions and apply large and small sample tests
for various parameters.
• Understand the concept of inflation and measure the same applying Index numbers.
• Acquire knowledge about Time series data and measurement of trend
• To measure and eliminate seasonal fluctuation of time series data

UNIT-I
Definitions of random sample, parameter and statistic, null and alternative hypotheses, simple
and composite hypotheses, level of significance and probabilities of Type I and Type II errors
and critical region (definition only). Concept of p- value. Sampling distribution of a statistic,
unbiased estimator of sample mean and sample variance. Standard error of sample mean. Large
sample tests for single mean, difference of means, standard deviation and difference of standard
deviations. (9 hours)

Page | 62
UNIT-II
Sampling distributions of chi-square, t and F: definitions, properties and relationships between
them. Tests of Significance based on Chi-square (goodness of fit and independence of
attributes), t-distribution and F- distribution. (9 hours)

UNIT-III
Index Numbers: Definition, construction of index numbers and problems thereof for weighted
and unweighted index numbers including Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Edgeworth-Marshall and
Fisher. Factor reversal and time reversal tests. Chain index numbers (definition only).
Consumer price index numbers: Definition, construction and limitation. (9 hours)

UNIT-IV
Introduction to times series data, application of time series in various fields. Components of a
times series. Decomposition of time series. Trend: Estimation of trend by free hand curve
method, method of semi averages. (9 hours)

UNIT V
Fitting of a various mathematical curves using method of least squares and Method of moving
averages to understand trend. Seasonal Component: Estimation of seasonal component by
Method of simple averages, Ratio to Trend, Ratio to Moving Averages and Method of Link
Relatives. (9 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:

1. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta and B. Dasgupta (2003): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol.
I & II), 4th Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
2. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor (2007): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, 11th
Ed., Sultan Chand and Sons.
3. Mukhopadhyay P. (2011): Applied Statistics, 2nd ed. Revised reprint, Books and
Allied.
4. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V. K. (2008): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 4th Ed.
(reprint), Sultan Chand and Sons.

Page | 63
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC MINOR: STADSM-302
(Statistical Inference and Applied Statistics)

Semester V
(Credits: 3)
Contact Hours: 45
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Develop a solid understanding of fundamental statistical concepts, including random
samples, parameters, and statistics.
• Acquire proficiency in formulating null and alternative hypotheses, determining
significance levels, and interpreting Type I and Type II errors.
• Master the concepts of sampling distributions, including those of the sample mean, and
apply large sample tests for various parameters.
• Explore the properties and relationships between main sampling distributions like chi-
square, t, and F distributions, applying them in significance tests.
• To understand about how to measure change in price/value of a basket of commodities
using Index number
• To understand the concept of time series data and the components of time series analysis
• To determine the trend in time series analysis and to understand the process of
measuring of seasonal impact on time series data.

Learning Outcome
• Demonstrate a solid understanding of fundamental statistical concepts, including
random samples, parameters, and statistics.
• Apply parameter and sample space concepts in the estimation process, evaluating
estimators for key properties.
• Acquire proficiency in formulating null and alternative hypotheses, determining
significance levels, and interpreting Type I and Type II errors.
• Master the concepts of sampling distributions and apply large and small sample tests
for various parameters.
• Understand the concept of inflation and measure the same applying Index numbers.
• Acquire knowledge about Time series data and measurement of trend
• To measure and eliminate seasonal fluctuation of time series data

UNIT-I
Definitions of random sample, parameter and statistic, null and alternative hypotheses, simple
and composite hypotheses, level of significance and probabilities of Type I and Type II errors
and critical region (definition only). Concept of p- value. Sampling distribution of a statistic,
unbiased estimator of sample mean and sample variance. Standard error of sample mean. Large
sample tests for single mean, difference of means, standard deviation and difference of standard
deviations. (9 hours)

Page | 64
UNIT-II
Sampling distributions of chi-square, t and F: definitions, properties and relationships between
them. Tests of Significance based on Chi-square (goodness of fit and independence of
attributes), t distribution and F- distribution. (9 hours)

UNIT-III
Index Numbers: Definition, construction of index numbers and problems thereof for weighted
and unweighted index numbers including Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s, Edgeworth-Marshall and
[Link] reversal and time reversal tests. Chain index numbers(definition only). Consumer
price index numbers: Definition, construction and limitation. (9 hours)

UNIT-IV
Introduction to times series data, application of time series from various fields. Components of
a times series. Decomposition of time series. Trend: Estimation of trend by free hand curve
method, method of semi averages. (9 hours)

UNIT V
Fitting of a various mathematical curve and Method of moving averages to understand trend.
Seasonal Component: Estimation of seasonal component by Method of simple averages, Ratio
to Trend, Ratio to Moving Averages and Method of Link Relatives. (9 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:

1. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta and B. Dasgupta (2003): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol.
I & II), 4th Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
2. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor (2007): Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, 11th
Ed., Sultan Chand and Sons.
3. Mukhopadhyay P. (2011): Applied Statistics, 2nd ed. Revised reprint, Books and
Allied.
4. Gupta, S.C. and Kapoor, V. K. (2008): Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 4th Ed.
(reprint), Sultan Chand and Sons.

Page | 65
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC MINOR: STADSM-351 LAB
(Statistical Methods and Probability Distributions)

Semester VI
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 120
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Enable students to interpret and construct graphical representations of data using
histograms, frequency polygons, and ogive curves, with proficiency in handling equal
and unequal class intervals.
• Develop the ability to compute measures of central tendency accurately from raw and
grouped data, and demonstrate proficiency in adjusting for changes in origin and scale.
• Equip students with the skills to calculate measures of dispersion for raw and grouped
data, and demonstrate competency in adjusting for changes in origin and scale when
analyzing data variability.
• Foster an understanding of combined mean and variance, along with the coefficient of
variation, allowing students to integrate multiple statistical measures for comprehensive
data analysis.
• Develop proficiency in computing moments from raw and grouped data, and
demonstrate the ability to adjust for changes in origin and scale, facilitating a deeper
understanding of statistical moments and their applications.

Learning Outcomes:
• Students will effectively interpret and create graphical representations of data,
facilitating enhanced visualization and communication of statistical information.
• Learners will accurately compute and interpret measures of central tendency,
demonstrating the ability to summarize data distribution effectively.
• Participants will demonstrate proficiency in calculating measures of dispersion,
enabling them to assess the spread of data and identify potential outliers.
• Students will integrate concepts of mean, variance, and coefficient of variation to
analyze data variability comprehensively and draw meaningful insights.
• By mastering moments computation and adjustment for changes in origin and scale,
learners will develop a deeper understanding of statistical moments and their
significance in practical statistical analysis.

List of Practicals

1. Problems based on graphical representation of data: Histograms (equal class intervals

and unequal class intervals), Frequency polygon, Ogive curve.

Page | 66
 2. Problems based on measures of central tendency using raw data, grouped data and
for change of origin and scale.
3. Problems based on measures of dispersion using raw data, grouped data and for
change of origin and scale and computation of coefficient of variation
4. Problems based on Moments using raw data, grouped data and for change of origin
and scale.
5. Problems based on Skewness and kurtosis
6. Lines of regression and regression coefficients
7. Spearman rank correlation with /without ties
8. Fitting of polynomials and exponential curves
9. Fitting of binomial distribution
10. Fitting of Poisson distribution
11. Fitting of Suitable distribution
12. Fitting of normal distribution
Suggested Reading:
1. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta, and B. Dasgupta (2005): Fundamentals of Statistics (Vol. I),
8th Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
2. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, 4th Ed., Sultan
Chand and Sons, 2008.
3. N. G. Das (2008) Statistical Methods, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
4. Bhattacharjee D. and Bhattacharjee D. (2008) B. Sc Statistics Vol-I, Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.

Page | 67
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC MINOR: STADSM-401
(Sample Survey, Designs of Experiments and Indian Official Statistics)

Semester VII
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Grasp the basic concepts of sample surveys, including the principles of sampling theory,
planning, and organization of a sample survey.
• Master the definition, procedures, and properties of simple random sampling, along
with the estimation of mean and sampling variance of the sample mean.
• Understand stratified random sampling, estimation of population mean and variance,
and compare stratified sampling under proportional and Neyman allocation with
SRSWOR in terms of precision.
• Learn the principles of linear systematic sampling and its applications.
• Comprehend the principles of design of experiments, including uniformity trials,
completely randomized, randomized block, and Latin square designs. Understand the
construction and analysis of 22 and 23 factorial experiments.
• Learn about the Indian Official Statistics system

Learning Outcome
• Demonstrate a solid understanding of the fundamental concepts of sample surveys,
including the principles of sampling theory and Indian survey organization.
• Demonstrate mastery in applying simple random sampling, including the selection of
samples and estimation of mean and sampling variance.
• Apply stratified random sampling techniques proficiently, including the estimation of
population mean and variance under various scenarios.
• Apply systematic sampling techniques and conduct analysis of variance for different
types of data classifications.
• Apply advanced principles of design of experiments, including the construction and
analysis of factorial experiments and the use of different experimental designs.

UNIT-I
Sample Surveys: Basic concepts of sample survey: concept of sampling, need for sampling,
complete enumeration v/s. sampling, principles of sampling theory, principal steps in a sample
surveys, planning and organization of a sample survey, sampling and non-sampling errors.
(12 hours)

Page | 68
UNIT-II
Simple random sampling (srswr and srswor): definition and procedures of selecting a sample,
properties of simple random sample, estimation of mean and sampling variance of sample
mean.
Stratified random sampling: introduction, estimation of population mean and its variance,
choice of sample sizes in different strata, comparison of stratified sampling under proportional
and Neyman allocation with SRSWOR in terms of precision. (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Systematic sampling: introduction to linear systematic sampling, estimation of mean and its
variance (N = nk).
Analysis of variance: one-way and two-way classified data with one observation per cell only.
(12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Design of experiments: Principles of Design of experiments, uniformity trails, completely
randomized, Randomized block and Latin square designs. (12 hours)

UNIT-V
Present official statistical system in India, Methods of collection of official statistics, their
reliability and limitations. Role of Ministry of Statistics & Program Implementation (MoSPI),
Central Statistical Office (CSO), National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), and National
Statistical Commission. Government of India’s Principal publications containing data on the
topics such as population, industry and finance. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:

1. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta, and B. Dasgupta (2005): Fundamentals of Statistics (Vol. II),
8th Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
2. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta and B. Dasgupta (2005): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol.
II), 3rd Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
3. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor, Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 4th Ed., Sultan Chand
and Sons, 2008.
4. D.C. Montgomery (2001): Designs and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley and Sons,
New York.
5. P. Mukhopadhyay (1998): Theory and Methods of Surveys Sampling, Prentice Hall of
India.
6. P.V. Sukhatme, B.V. Sukhatme, S. Sukhatme and C. Ashok (1984): Sampling Theory of
Surveys with Applications, Lowa State University Press, Lowa, USA.
7. Guide to current Indian Official Statistics, Central Statistical Office, GOI,New Delhi.
8. [Link]

Page | 69
 DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC MINOR: STADSM-451
(Sample Survey, Designs of Experiment and Indian Official Statistics)

Semester VIII
(Credits: 4)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objective
• Grasp the basic concepts of sample surveys, including the principles of sampling theory,
planning, and organization of a sample survey.
• Master the definition, procedures, and properties of simple random sampling, along
with the estimation of mean and sampling variance of the sample mean.
• Understand stratified random sampling, estimation of population mean and variance,
and compare stratified sampling under proportional and Neyman allocation with
SRSWOR in terms of precision.
• Learn the principles of linear systematic sampling and its applications.
• Comprehend the principles of design of experiments, including uniformity trials,
completely randomized, randomized block, and Latin square designs. Understand the
construction and analysis of 22 and 23 factorial experiments.
• Learn about the Indian Official Statistics system

Learning Outcome
• Demonstrate a solid understanding of the fundamental concepts of sample surveys,
including the principles of sampling theory and Indian survey organization.
• Demonstrate mastery in applying simple random sampling, including the selection of
samples and estimation of mean and sampling variance.
• Apply stratified random sampling techniques proficiently, including the estimation of
population mean and variance under various scenarios.
• Apply systematic sampling techniques and conduct analysis of variance for different
types of data classifications.
• Apply advanced principles of design of experiments, including the construction and
analysis of factorial experiments and the use of different experimental designs.

UNIT-I
Sample Surveys: Basic concepts of sample survey: concept of sampling, need for sampling,
complete enumeration v/s. sampling, principles of sampling theory, principal steps in a sample
surveys, planning and organization of a sample survey, sampling and non-sampling errors.
(12 hours)

Page | 70
UNIT-II
Simple random sampling (srswr and srswor): definition and procedures of selecting a sample,
properties of simple random sample, estimation of mean and sampling variance of sample
mean. Stratified random sampling: introduction, estimation of population mean and its
variance, choice of sample sizes in different strata, comparison of stratified sampling under
proportional and Neyman allocation with SRSWOR in terms of precision. (12 hours)

UNIT-III
Systematic sampling: introduction to linear systematic sampling, estimation of sample mean
and its variance (N = nk). Analysis of variance: one-way and two-way classified data with one
observation per cell only. (12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Design of experiments: Principles of Design of experiments, uniformity trails, completely
randomized, Randomized block and Latin square designs. (12 hours)

UNIT-V
Present official statistical system in India, Methods of collection of official statistics, their
reliability and limitations. Role of Ministry of Statistics & Program Implementation (MoSPI),
Central Statistical Office (CSO), National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), and National
Statistical Commission. Government of India’s Principal publications containing data on the
topics such as population, industry and finance. (12 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:

1. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta, and B. Dasgupta (2005): Fundamentals of Statistics (Vol. II),
8th Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
2. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta and B. Dasgupta (2005): An Outline of Statistical Theory (Vol.
II), 3rd Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
3. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor, Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 4th Ed., Sultan Chand
and Sons, 2008.
4. D.C. Montgomery (2001): Designs and Analysis of Experiments, John Wiley and Sons,
New York.
5. P. Mukhopadhyay (1998): Theory and Methods of Surveys Sampling, Prentice Hall of
India.
6. P.V. Sukhatme, B.V. Sukhatme, S. Sukhatme and C. Ashok (1984): Sampling Theory of
Surveys with Applications, Lowa State University Press, Lowa, USA.
7. Guide to current Indian Official Statistics, Central Statistical Office, GOI,New Delhi.
8. [Link]

Page | 71
 SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES: STASEC-201T
(Statistical Computing Using C)

Semester III
(Credits: 3)
Contact Hours: 60
Full Marks = 70 [End Semester Exam (50)
Internal (20 = 14(Test)+6(Attendance))]
Pass Marks = 28 [End Semester Exam (20) +Internal (8)]

Learning Objective
• Familiarize with the components and basic structure of C programs, including character
sets, tokens, keywords, and identifiers.
• Master the concepts of constants, variables, and symbolic constants, along with their
declaration and assignment in C programs.
• Understand the precedence of operators in arithmetic, relational, and logical
expressions to write efficient code.
• Learn about different looping constructs such as for, while, and do…while, and
understand their applications in controlling program flow in C programming
• Understand the concept of arrays and their importance in storing and manipulating data
efficiently.
• Gain proficiency in function prototypes and function calls to enable modular
programming.

Learning Outcome
• Master the fundamentals of C++ programming language, including syntax, data types,
control structures, and object-oriented programming concepts.
• Develop the ability to design and implement efficient algorithms using C,
demonstrating logical thinking and problem-solving skills.
• Understand and utilize control structures effectively to manage program flow and make
decisions within C programs.
• Learn to compile clean and error-free C programs, ensuring proper syntax and
adherence to programming standards.
• Gain insight into how to use C for object-oriented programming features for statistical
computation.

UNIT-I
History and importance of C/C++. Components, basic structure programming, character set,
C/C++ tokens, Keywords and Identifiers and execution of a C/C++ program. Data types: Basic
data types, Enumerated data types, derived data types. Constants and variables: declaration and
assignment of variables, Symbolic Constants. (12 hours)

UNIT-II
Operators and Expressions: Arithmetic, relational, logical, assignment, increment/decrement,
operators, precedence of operators in arithmetic, relational and logical expression. Library

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functions. Managing input and output operations: reading and printing formatted and
unformatted data. (12 hours)
UNIT-III
Decision making and branching - if…else, nesting of if…else, else if ladder, switch, conditional
(?) operator. Looping in C/C++: for, nested for, while, do…while, jumps in and out of loops.
(12 hours)

UNIT-IV
Arrays: Declaration and initialization of one-dim and two-dim arrays. Character arrays and
strings: Declaring and initializing string variables, reading and writing strings from Terminal
(using scanf and printf only). (12 hours)

UNIT V
User- defined functions: A multi-function program using user-defined functions, definition of
functions, return values and their types, function prototypes and calls. Category of Functions :
no arguments and no return values, arguments but no return values , arguments with return
values, no arguments but returns a value, functions that return multiple values. Recursion
function. Passing arrays to functions. (12 hours)
28

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 SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES: STASEC-201 LAB
(Statistical Computing Using C)

Full Marks = 30 [End Semester Exam (30)]

Pass Marks = 12[End Semester Exam (12)]

List of Practicals

1. Plot of a graph y = f(x)

2. Roots of a quadratic equation
3. Sorting of an array and hence finding median
4. Mean, Median and Mode of a Grouped Frequency Data
5. Variance and coefficient of variation of a Grouped Frequency Data
6. Value of n! using recursion
7. Random number generation from uniform distribution
8. Matrix addition, subtraction, multiplication
9. Fitting of Binomial, Poisson distribution and apply Chi-square test for goodness of
fit
10. t-test for difference of means
11. Paired t-test
12. F-test
13. Karl-Pearson correlation coefficient
14. Fitting of lines of regression

SUGGESTED READING:

1. Kernighan, B.W. and Ritchie, D. (1988): C Programming Language, 2nd

Edition,Prentice Hall.
2. Balagurusamy, E. (2011): Programming in ANSI C, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Gottfried, B.S. (1998): Schaum’s Outlines: Programming with C, 2nd Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill.
4. Kanetkar Y. P. (2008 ) Let us C, 8th Edition, Infinity Science Press

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 INTER DISCIPLINARY COURSES: STAIDC-201
(Sampling and Elements of Hypothesis Testing)

Semester III
(Credits: 3)
Contact Hours: 45
Full Marks = 100 [End Semester Exam (70) +Internal (30)]
Pass Marks = 40[End Semester Exam (28) +Internal (12)]

Learning Objectives:
• Understand the fundamental concepts of population and sample, distinguishing
between complete enumeration and sampling, and identify sources of sampling and
non-sampling errors.
• Explain various types of sampling methods, including non-probability and
probability sampling, and comprehend the procedures for simple random sampling
with and without replacement, along with estimating population parameters and
variances.
• Define random sample, parameter, and statistic, articulate null and alternative
hypotheses, and discern between simple and composite hypotheses, as well as
understand the significance levels, probabilities of Type I and Type II errors, and
critical regions, along with interpreting p-values and sampling distributions of
statistics.
• Apply unbiased estimation techniques for sample mean and sample variance,
compute the standard error of sample mean, and conduct large sample tests for single
mean, difference of means, standard deviation, and difference of standard deviations.
• Implement tests of significance based on Chi-square for goodness of fit and
independence of attributes, t-distribution, and F-distribution to analyse statistical
relationships and make informed inferences.

Learning Outcomes:
• Students will be able to differentiate between population and sample and recognize
the implications of complete enumeration versus sampling, thereby minimizing
sampling and non-sampling errors in research studies.
• Learners will proficiently select appropriate sampling methods and execute
procedures for simple random sampling, enabling accurate estimation of population
parameters and variances.
• Participants will demonstrate a sound understanding of hypothesis testing, including
formulating null and alternative hypotheses, interpreting significance levels, and
making informed decisions based on p-values and sampling distributions.
• By applying unbiased estimation techniques and conducting large sample tests,
students will effectively analyze data sets, compute sample statistics, and draw valid
conclusions about population parameters.

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 • Through practical application of tests of significance, including Chi-square, t-
distribution, and F-distribution, learners will evaluate statistical relationships and
draw meaningful insights from data analysis tasks.
UNIT-I
Definition of random variable, expectation, variance and covariance, statement of addition and
multiplication theorem of expectation.
Concept of population and sample, complete enumeration versus sampling, sampling and non-
sampling errors. Pilot Survey, basic principle of sample survey. (9 hours)

UNIT-II
Types of sampling: non-probability and probability sampling, simple random sampling with
and without replacement, definition and procedure of selecting a sample, estimates of:
population mean and total. (9 hours)

UNIT-III
Definitions of random sample, parameter and statistic, null and alternative hypotheses, simple
and composite hypotheses, level of significance and probabilities of Type I and Type II errors
and critical region (definition only). Concept of p- value. Sampling distribution of a statistic.
(9 hours)
UNIT-IV
Standard error of sample mean. Large sample tests for single mean, difference of means and
related problems. (9 hours)

UNIT-V
Tests of Significance based on Chi-square (goodness of fit and independence of attributes),
student’s and Fisher’s t test (single mean and difference of means) and F test for variances.
(9 hours)

SUGGESTED READING:

1. A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta, and B. Dasgupta (2005): Fundamentals of Statistics (Vol. II),
8th Ed., World Press, Kolkata.
2. S.C. Gupta and V.K. Kapoor, Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, 4th Ed., Sultan Chand
and Sons, 2008.
3. N. G. Das (2008) “Statistical Methods,” Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
4. Bhattacharjee D. and Bhattacharjee D. (2008) B. Sc Statistics Vol-I and Vol. II, Kalyani
Publishers, Ludhiana.

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