Class 9 Science Question Paper 40 Marks
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shlokgaudClass 9 Science Question Paper 40 Marks
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shlokgaudCommon questions
Powered by AILatent heat of fusion is the energy absorbed by a substance to change from solid to liquid at its melting point without temperature change. This energy disrupts the molecular bonds within the solid, facilitating phase change, resulting in a state where additional heat increases molecular potential energy instead of kinetic energy, maintaining constant temperature .
Diffusion is a passive process where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In living organisms, diffusion is critical for processes such as gas exchange. For example, in the lungs, oxygen diffuses from the alveoli, where its concentration is high, into the blood, where its concentration is lower. This process is essential for respiration .
Gas molecules are in constant random motion and collide with the walls of their container. According to kinetic molecular theory, these collisions transfer momentum to the walls, creating force over an area, which is perceived as pressure. The frequency and intensity of these collisions depend on temperature, volume, and the number of gas molecules .
Without mitochondria, a cell would be unable to efficiently produce ATP through aerobic respiration, leading to energy deprivation. This deficiency would severely impact cellular processes that require energy, such as active transport, biosynthesis, and cell division, eventually leading to cell death .
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall that provides structural support and protection, which animal cells lack. This supports functions like maintaining a fixed shape and withstanding osmotic pressure. Additionally, plant cells contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, a function related to their autotrophic nature, whereas animal cells do not have chloroplasts because they are heterotrophic .
Uniform motion occurs when an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, such as a car moving at a constant speed on a straight road. In contrast, non-uniform motion involves changing speed, like a car accelerating or decelerating in traffic; the distances covered in equal time intervals vary .
Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher concentration. In contrast, diffusion involves the movement of solutes (or gases) from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. Osmosis is crucial for maintaining cell turgor and nutrient absorption, while diffusion plays a broader role in various cellular exchanges .
Evaporation is a cooling process because it involves molecules at the surface gaining enough energy to transition from liquid to gas, which require heat absorption from the surroundings. This absorption reduces the temperature of the remaining liquid. Earthen pots allow water to seep through their pores, facilitating constant evaporation and cooling the stored water .
The slope of a velocity-time graph represents acceleration. A positive slope indicates increasing velocity (acceleration), a negative slope indicates decreasing velocity (deceleration), and a zero slope signifies constant velocity (no acceleration). This relationship helps interpret changes in an object's motion over time .
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that can digest cellular debris, pathogens, or worn-out organelles, a process vital for cellular maintenance. Their membrane protects the cell contents from enzymatic damage. If the membrane ruptures, these enzymes can indiscriminately digest cell components, hence the term 'suicidal bags' .