Scribd
Upload
14 views3 pages

CO₂ Flow Analysis in Nozzle Design

The document discusses the fluid flow of carbon dioxide (CO₂) through a converging-diverging nozzle, detailing calculations for various parameters such as density, velocity, and Mach number at different pressure levels. It includes theoretical background, governing equations, sample calculations, and tabulated results for pressures ranging from 1400 kPa to 200 kPa. The project concludes with a demonstration of compressible flow behavior and alignment of theoretical and practical results in gas dynamics.

Uploaded by

Arukwem Chinemerem
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views3 pages

CO₂ Flow Analysis in Nozzle Design

The document discusses the fluid flow of carbon dioxide (CO₂) through a converging-diverging nozzle, detailing calculations for various parameters such as density, velocity, and Mach number at different pressure levels. It includes theoretical background, governing equations, sample calculations, and tabulated results for pressures ranging from 1400 kPa to 200 kPa. The project concludes with a demonstration of compressible flow behavior and alignment of theoretical and practical results in gas dynamics.

Uploaded by

Arukwem Chinemerem
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Fluid Flow of CO₂ in a Converging-

Diverging Nozzle
By: Ekesi Ifechukwu Gabriel

Matric Number: 2022374032

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka

Course Title: Fluid Mechanics III

Course Code: MCE 352

Lecturer in Charge: Dr. O. A. Azaka

Date: June 2025

——————————————————————————————

Assignment Question
Carbon dioxide flows steadily through a varying cross-sectional duct with a mass flow rate
of 3 kg/s. It enters the duct at a pressure of 1400 kPa and a temperature of 200°C (473 K)
with negligible velocity. The gas expands through the nozzle down to a pressure of 200 kPa.
The nozzle is designed to operate under isentropic flow conditions.

Objective: Determine the following parameters at various pressure levels down to 200 kPa:
- Density (ρ)
- Velocity (V)
- Flow Area (A)
- Mach Number (Ma)

Given:
Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (cp) = 0.8464 kJ/kg.K
Gas Constant (R) = 0.1889 kJ/kg.K
Specific Heat Ratio (γ) = 1.289

Theoretical Background and Governing Equations


Formulas used for isentropic flow calculations:

1. Static Temperature: T = T₀(P/P₀)^(γ - 1)/γ


2. Velocity: V = √[2cp(T₀ - T)]

3. Density: ρ = P / (RT)

4. Speed of Sound: C = √(γRT)

5. Mach Number: Ma = V / C

6. Flow Area: A = ṁ / (ρV)

Sample Calculations
Detailed calculations are shown for 1400 kPa, 1200 kPa, and 1000 kPa.
Refer to the final table for values at all other pressure levels.

Tabulated Results
S/N Pressure Temp Velocity Density Sonic Flow Mach
(kPa) (K) (m/s) (kg/m³) Velocity Area Number
(m/s) (m²)

1 1400 473 0 15.7 339.4 ∞ 0.0

2 1200 457 164.5 13.9 333.6 13.1 0.493

3 1000 439 240.7 12.1 326.9 10.3 0.736

4 800 417 306.6 10.1 318.8 9.64 0.962

5 767 413 317.2 9.82 317.2 9.63 1.0

6 600 391 371.4 8.12 308.7 10.01 1.203

7 400 357 441.9 5.93 295.0 11.5 1.498

8 200 306 530.9 3.46 272.9 16.3 1.946


Graphical Analysis
Descriptions of how each variable changes with pressure, including:
- Temperature vs Pressure
- Velocity vs Pressure
- Density vs Pressure
- Sonic Velocity vs Pressure
- Flow Area vs Pressure
- Mach Number vs Pressure

Nozzle Design and Simulation in SolidWorks


Explanation of nozzle geometry creation, simulation setup, and interpretation of results.

Conclusion
This project illustrates compressible flow behavior of CO₂ in a converging-diverging nozzle.
The calculations and simulations confirm acceleration from subsonic to supersonic speeds.
Theoretical and practical results align, showcasing important gas dynamic concepts.

You might also like