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Section Five Practice (Solid, Liquid, and Gas)

1. Use the kinetic particle model to describe the differences between liquid lead and lead gas in
terms of:
● the separation of the particles
.........................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................
● the motion of the particles.
........................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................

2. Use the kinetic particle model to describe the differences between solid aluminium and

liquid aluminium in terms of:

● the arrangement of the particles

........................................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
● the separation of the particles.
........................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................

3. Use the kinetic particle model to describe the differences between solid sulfur and sulfur gas in
terms of:
● the arrangement of the particles
........................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
● the motion of the particles.
........................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................

4. Use the kinetic particle theory to describe the differences between nitrogen gas and liquid

nitrogen in terms of:

● the separation of the particles

........................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................
● the motion of the particles.
........................................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................................
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5. Use the kinetic particle theory to describe the differences between sulfur gas and solid
sulfur in terms of:
● the arrangement of the particles
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
● the separation of the particles.
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................

6. Use the kinetic particle theory to describe the differences between solid

aluminium and liquid aluminium in terms of:

● the separation of the particles

............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................
● the motion of the particles.
............................................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................................

7. This question is about states of matter.

(b) Substances can change state.

(i) Boiling and evaporation are two ways in which a liquid change into a gas.
Describe two differences between boiling and evaporation.
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Name the change of state when:
● a gas becomes a liquid ................................................................................................
● a solid becomes a gas. ................................................................................................[2]
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(c) A substance boils at temperature X and melts at

temperature Y.
Complete the graph to show the change in temperature over time as the

substance cools from temperature A to temperature B.

8. Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement and motion of the

particles in molten (liquid) lead.

arrangement ..............................................................................................................................
motion ........................................................................................................................................[2]
9. This question is about chlorine and compounds of chlorine.
(a) Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement and type of motion of
the molecules in:
● solid chlorine .......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
● chlorine gas. .......................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................[4]

10. Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement and separation of

the particles in solid sodium.

arrangement ..............................................................................................................................
separation ..................................................................................................................................[2]

11. Some changes of state of sodium are shown.

Give the names of the changes of state represented by R and S.

R .........................................................................................................................................
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S .........................................................................................................................................[2]
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12. (a) Complete the table about solids, liquids and gases.

(b) The graph shows the change in temperature as a sample of a gas is cooled.

Name the change of state taking place between A and B.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) A bottle of liquid perfume is left open at the front of a room.
After some time, the perfume is smelt at the back

of the room. Name the two physical processes taking

place.

1 .................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................[2]

13. The changes of state of water are shown.

Give the names of the changes of state represented by A and B.

A ................................................................................................................................................
B ................................................................................................................................................[2]

14. (a) Some changes of state of sodium are shown.

State the names of the changes of state represented by A and B.

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A .......................................................... B ------------------------------------
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15. (a) Complete the table about solids, liquids and gases.

(d) The graph shows the change in temperature as a sample of a gas is cooled.

Name the change of state taking place between A and B.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(e) A bottle of liquid perfume is left open at the front of a room.
After some time, the perfume is smelt at the back of

the room. Name the two physical processes taking place.

1 .................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................[2]

16. The changes of state of water are shown.

Give the names of the changes of state represented by A and B.

A ................................................................................................................................................
B ................................................................................................................................................[2]

17. (a) Some changes of state of sodium are shown.

State the names of the changes of state represented by A and B.

A .........................................................................................................................................
B .........................................................................................................................................[2]
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18. This question is about iodine and compounds of iodine.

(a) Use the kinetic particle model to describe the separation between the molecules

and the type of motion of the molecules in:

● solid iodine ..........................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................

● iodine gas. ..........................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) The graph shows how the volume of iodine gas changes with pressure. The

temperature is kept constant.

Describe how the volume of iodine gas changes with pressure.

....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

19. Sulfur dioxide melts at –73°C and boils at –

10°C. What is the physical state of sulfur

dioxide at –20°C? Explain your answer.

....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
20. This question is about bromine and compounds of bromine.
(a) Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement and type of motion of the
molecules in:
● liquid bromine .....................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
● bromine gas. .......................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................[4]
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(b) The graph shows how the volume of bromine gas changes with temperature. The

pressure is kept constant.

Describe how the volume of the bromine gas changes with temperature.
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
21. The melting point of pure S is

159°C. The boiling point of pure

S is 200°C.

(i) What is the physical state of pure S at 100°C?

Explain your answer.
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

22. Some of the changes of state of water are shown.

(i) Give the names of the changes of state represented by P and Q.

P .........................................................................................................................................
Q .........................................................................................................................................[2]
(i) The melting point of limonene is –74 °C.

The boiling point of limonene is 176 °C.

What is the physical state of limonene at – 80

°C? Explain your answer.

.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

23. Ethanoic acid can be made by the oxidation of ethanol.

The melting point of ethanol is –114 °C.

The boiling point of ethanol is 78 °C.

What is the physical state of ethanol at –120

°C? Explain your answer.

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.............................................................................................................................................
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24. Bromine is a volatile liquid. Potassium bromide is a compound made from bromine.
Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement and motion of the

particles in bromine when it is:

● a liquid
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
● a gas
....................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [4]
25. When sulfur vapour falls on to a cold surface, small crystals of solid sulfur form.
Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement and motion of the particles in
sulfur when it is:
● a gas
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
● a solid
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................[4]

26. Matter can exist as solid, liquid or gas. The arrows show some changes of state.

(a) Name the changes of state represented on the diagram.

(i) A ................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) B ................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) C ................................................................................................................................... [1]
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