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NCERT Solutions Notes: Types & Properties

The document provides an overview of solutions, including types, concentration expressions, and solubility principles. It discusses ideal and non-ideal solutions, colligative properties, and the significance of abnormal molar masses. Key constants and the impact of temperature on molality and molarity are also highlighted.

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39 views1 page

NCERT Solutions Notes: Types & Properties

The document provides an overview of solutions, including types, concentration expressions, and solubility principles. It discusses ideal and non-ideal solutions, colligative properties, and the significance of abnormal molar masses. Key constants and the impact of temperature on molality and molarity are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

patilsangam90
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Solutions - Full Proper NCERT Notes (Hinglish)

1. Types of Solutions
Solution: Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Components:
- Solvent: Zyada quantity mein.
- Solute: Kam quantity mein.
Types Based on Phases:
Gas-Gas: Air
Gas-Liquid: Oxygen in water
Gas-Solid: Hydrogen in palladium
Liquid-Liquid: Alcohol in water
Liquid-Solid: Mercury in zinc
Solid-Liquid: Sugar in water
Solid-Solid: Alloys like brass
2. Expressing Concentration of Solutions
Mass %, Volume %, Mass/Volume %, ppm, Mole fraction (x), Molarity (M), Molality (m)
3. Solubility
Solubility of Solid in Liquid: Increases with temperature (mostly).
Solubility of Gas in Liquid: Henry's Law: p = k_H x
4. Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions
Vapour Pressure of Liquid-Liquid Solutions (Raoult’s Law) and Non-Ideal Solutions.
5. Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions
Ideal Solution: Raoult's Law obeyed, no enthalpy/volume change.
Non-Ideal: Deviate, heat absorbed/evolved.
6. Colligative Properties
Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure, Elevation of Boiling Point, Depression of Freezing Point,
Osmotic Pressure.
7. Abnormal Molar Masses and Van’t Hoff Factor
Association (i<1) and Dissociation (i>1)
8. Important Graphs
Raoult’s Law straight line, Positive/Negative deviation curves.
9. Important Constants and Values
K_b (Water) = 0.52 K kg/mol
K_f (Water) = 1.86 K kg/mol
10. Important Points
Molality - temp independent; Molarity - temp dependent.
Summary: Solutions mein solute ke number of particles ka effect matter karta hai, nature ka nahi.

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