GOVERNMENT DHARMAPURI MEDICAL COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
EXERCISES
BIO STATISTICS
1. Following is the Hb level in gms% of thirteen school children who
were screened during routine health examination
11.8, 11.4, 10.4, 11.6, 10.8, 12.2, 12.9,
12.3, 10.8, 12.0, 10.5, 11.2, 12.4
Find the measures of central tendency.
2. The mark obtained by 12 students at the entrance examination were
as follows
24,36,34,35,33,38,38,36,42,23,20,38
Calculate the standard deviation and coefficient of variations.
3. The duration of illness in days in a group of patients suffering from
upper respiratory infection is given below
Duration of illness in days
9,7,11,9,8,4
6,12,6,8,8,5
Calculate the mean, median ,mode and standard deviation
4). In a series of boys the mean systolic blood pressure was 120mm of Hg
and standard deviation was 10mm of Hg .In the same series mean
height and standard deviation was 160cms and 5 cms .Find which
character shows greater variation.
5). The weight of 12 students (6 boys and 6girls) of a particular class were
taken and tabulated weight of students in Kilogram
Girls = 68,65,53,61,67,50
Boys = 78,61,74,74,67,74
Find the mean , median, mode, mean deviation, standard deviation
and coefficient of variation
MCH PROBLEMS
6). The midyear population of a town in the year 2008 was 1 lakh. The total
number of deaths was 1200. Deaths due to cholera were 100 out of the
total number of 1000 cases of cholera in that same year. Further deaths
in persons above 60 years were 250 among the 10,000 people of
people above 60 years.
Calculate
a) Crude Death Rate
b) Cause Specific Death Rate
c) Age Specific Death Rate
d) Case Fatality Rate
e) Proportional Mortality Rate
f) How will you investigate the outbreak of cholera? What steps
would you take if you are the health official in charge of the
town?
7). A town of population during the year 2010 of 1lakh had in that year,
2300 live births, 1100 deaths of all groups, 5 maternal deaths, 138 infant
deaths.
Calculate the Crude Death Rate, Growth Rate, Maternal Mortality Rate
and Infant Mortality Rate.
8). The following data relate to a town for the year 2011
Mid year population – 100000
No. of live births – 2400
No of deaths – 1040
No of late fetal deaths – 40
Deaths under 1 week of age – 40
Deaths in first four weeks – 120
No. of infant deaths - 160
Calculate the Crude Birth Rate, Crude Death Rate, Infant Mortality
Rate, Perinatal Mortality Rate and Neonatal Mortality Rate.
9). In an estimated mid year population of 200000 there were 5000 live
births & 1650 deaths in the year 2009. Women of child bearing age group
formed 20% of the population
No. of fetal deaths > 1000 gms – 100
No. of abortions – 600
No. of deaths 0 – 7 days – 100
No. of deaths under 1 year – 300
Calculate the Crude Birth Rate, Crude Death Rate, Infant Mortality
Rate, Perinatal Mortality Rate and General Fertility Rate.
10). The following data relate to a municipal town for the year 2011.
Mid-year population – 300000
Birth rate – 18 per 1000 mid year population
Death rate – 8 per 100 mid year population
Deaths under 1 week – 40
Deaths 8 – 28 days – 60
Deaths in 1 month to one year – 80
Women in child bearing age – 22% of the population
Calculate
a) Infant Mortality Rate,
b) Neonatal Mortality Rate,
c) Post Neonatal Mortality Rate,
d) General Fertility Rate
e) Growth Rate.
11). In an estimated mid-year population of 1,00,000 there were 3000 live
births. The number of women in the reproductive age group was 15000.
Distribution of women and births in the different age groups are given
below.
Age group (in yrs) No. of women No. of births
15 – 24 4000 1200
25 – 34 6000 1600
35 – 44 5000 200
Total 15000 3000
Calculate:
a) Crude Birth Rate
b) General Fertility Rate
c) Age Specific Fertility Rate
d) Total Fertility Rate
12). In an estimated mid-year population of 100000 there were 2500 births
and 850 deaths. Of those who died 600 were women, of whom 8 died
between 1st and 42nd day following delivery, 2 between 43rd and 56th day
following delivery. The rest of the deaths were unrelated to delivery.
Women in the child bearing age group constituted 20 percent of the
population. Number of infant deaths was 125 and deaths within the first 28
days was 75.
Calculate the Crude Birth Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, Neonatal
Mortality Rate, Maternal Mortality Rate and General Fertility Rate.
13). A slum area with a population of 20000 experienced an epidemic of
hepatitis in the year 2012. 400 cases were recorded and 95% of them
occurred among those aged less than 40 years. There were 8 deaths due
to hepatitis. There were totally 200 deaths due to all causes during that
year.
a. What is the death rate due to hepatitis?
b. What is the case fatality rate?
c. What is the proportional mortality rate due to hepatitis?
d. What is the crude death rate for the year 2012?
ENTOMOLOGY EXERCISES
14). In a PHC of 50000 population, 6000 blood smears were taken under
active surveillance in 2013. on examination, 60 blood smears were found to
be positive for [Link], 5 for [Link] and 4 for [Link] and
[Link].
Calculate Annual Blood Examination Rate, Annual Parasite
Incidence, Annual Falciparum Incidence, Slide Positivity Rate and
Slide Falciparum Rate.
15). In a town of 50,000 population all were examined for microfilaria in
peripheral blood and for clinical manifestation of filariasis. Of this 50
persons showed microfilaria in peripheral blood. 100 persons showed
clinical manifestation for filariasis.
Calculate
a. Microfilaria rate
b. Filaria disease rate
c. Filaria endemicity rate
EPIDEMIOLOGY EXERCISES
16). In a study to find association of blindness with diabetes ,diabetes
status was taken as the risk factor and the distribution of blindness with
respect to presence or absence of diabetes is given below :
Exposure Blindness present Blindness absent
DM present 180 120
DM absent 140 200
1) What is the type of study design.
2) Calculate the Exposure Rates.
3) Calculate the Odds Ratio.
4) Comment on the Odds Ratio
17). Thalidomide was first marketed as a safe non-barbiturate hypnotic in
Britain in [Link] 1961,there were a large number of babies born with
abnormalities which was previously rare.A study was conducted in one
hospital in Britain showed that among 46 mothers delivered of deformed
babies,41 were found to have had Thalidomide during their early
[Link] was compared with a control of 300 mothers who have
deliverd normal babies among whom 2 mothers have taken Thalidomide.
1) What is the type of study design.
2) Calculate the Exposure Rates.
3) Calculate the Odds Ratio.
4) Comment on the Odds Ratio.
18). 1000 workers working in a ceramic factory were followed up for a
period of 10 years. Among whom 125 of them developed chronic
respiratory illness. A comparison group of 2000 workers who were
working in a non dusty environment were also followed up for the same
period among whom 25 of them developed chronic respiratory illness
a) What is the type of study design.
b) Calculate the Incidence Rate.
c) Calculate the Relative Risk and Comment.
d) Calculate the Attributable Risk and Comment .
19). A group of 63 women in reproductive age group of a village were
followed up for a period of 2 years. There were 4 offsprings who developed
neonatal tetanus. Similarly matched 82 women were followed up in a
neighbouring city. One offspring developed neonatal tetanus. Can u
consider rural environment as pre-disposing factor for development of
neonataltetanus.
Calculate the Relative Risk and Attributable Risk.
20). A group of male adults 20 to 60 years of age using pan masala under
various trade names were followed up for one year.50 of them were
selected from a HSC area.A control group of 100 men comparable in other
aspects were followed up for the same [Link] outcome of the study
was development of leukoplakia.19 of the pan chewers developed
[Link] 4 of the control developed [Link] reported
prevalence of leukoplakia in population is 10%.
a) What s the type of study design.
b) Calculate the Relative Risk and comment.
c) Calculate the Attributable Risk and comment .
d) Calculate the Population Attributable Risk and comment.
21). A study was conducted to measure the protective effect of BCG
against tuberculous meningitis.60 cases of tuberculous meningitis were
diagnosed in 5 hospitals. An equal number of controls matched for age, sex
and neighbourhood were selected. Trained workers assessed BCG
vaccination status of the cases and controls by looking for a typical scar
over the left deltoid region.25% of the cases and 50% of the controls had
BCG scar.
[Link] is the type of study.
[Link] is the Exposure Factor being studied.
[Link] the Odds Ratio.
[Link] the protective effect of BCG against tuberculous
meningitis
SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY
22). A new screening test for disease X was found to be positive in
20% of 600 people among whom the prevalence of disease was
known to be 16%. There were 12 false negatives.
Calculate the Specificity, Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value.
23). The results obtained after screening 10,000 people for diabetes with
random blood sugar is given in the [Link] screening level of
120mg/[Link] prevalence of diabetes in that population was known to be
1.5%.
DIABETIC NON-DIABETIC
RBS PRESENT 70 (a) 100 (b)
RBS ABSENT 80 (c) 9750 (d)
TOTAL 150 9850
Calculate the Specificity, Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value
24). FNAC studies on 114 women were compared with gold standard of
surgical excision biopsy in women without palpable breast masses.
Breast Carcinoma+ Breast Carcinoma -
FNAC Carcinoma + 14 (a) 8 (b)
FNAC Carcinoma - 1 (c) 91 (d)
15 99
Calculate the Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive
Value.
ENVIRONMENTAL EXERCISES
25).Calculate the quantity of bleaching powder containing 23% available
chlorine needed to disinfect a 20m deep well, 6m in diameter having 6m of
water. The Horrock’s test done on the water sample indicates definite blue
colour in 4th 5th and 6th cups respectively.
Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.
26). Calculate the quantity of bleaching powder needed to disinfect a
rectangular well measuring 3m length, 3m breadth and 8m depth having
6m of water to be disinfected. The Horrock’s test done on the water sample
indicates definite blue colour in 5th cup.
Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.
27). Calculate the quantity of bleaching powder containing 23% available
chlorine needed to disinfect a well measuring 4m in length, 3m breadth
having 6m of water in it. The Horrock’s test done on the water sample
indicates definite blue colour in 3rd 4th cups respectively.
Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.
28). Calculate the quantity of bleaching powder needed to disinfect a well
4.5m in diameter having 5m of water. The Horrock’s test done on the water
sample indicates definite blue colour in 4th cup.
Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.
29). The 2nd cup in the horrocks test gives a definite blue colour when
starch cadmium iodide indicator solution is added to the water sample.
Calculate the quantity of bleaching powder needed to disinfect a open well
of 3m in diameter having 5m of water.
Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.
30). A rectangular well measuring 5m in length 4m breadth having 6m
water is disinfected. The Horrock’s test done on the water sample indicates
definite blue colour in 4th 5th and 6th cups respectively.
Calculate the quantity of bleaching powder required to disinfect the
well and Explain the practical procedure to chlorinate the well.