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The Finite-Element Method (FEM) is a numerical technique used to approximate solutions for engineering problems modeled by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). It involves discretizing a continuous domain into finite elements, allowing for the analysis of complex geometries in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, and construction. The process includes steps like selecting interpolation functions, assembling equations, and solving for results like stress and strain.

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9 views26 pages

Fea

The Finite-Element Method (FEM) is a numerical technique used to approximate solutions for engineering problems modeled by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). It involves discretizing a continuous domain into finite elements, allowing for the analysis of complex geometries in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, and construction. The process includes steps like selecting interpolation functions, assembling equations, and solving for results like stress and strain.

Uploaded by

mmr315
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
| What is the Finite-Element Method? —r The Finite-Element Method (FEM) is a computational method/technique developed by engineers used to obtain an approximate solution to engineering problems + Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) model nature (continuous) * With today’s computational power available, very large linear systems of equations can be solved + Always an iterative process! y ‘System of Linear Equations (Ax = b) Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) What is finite element method (FEM)? * FEM is a numerical method used to obtain an approximate solution for a given boundary value problem \ Differential { \ Linear system Equation + —| FEM -— of equations BCs \ } } (ax=b) U J * Linear system of equations are solved using a computer (Gauss elimination algorithm, for example) Why study FEM ? * FEM has become an integral part of the design and development of numerous engineering systems * Aerospace industry * Automotive industry *+ Electrical (Transformer, Relays, etc.) * Electronics (Integrated circuits, Appliances, etc.) + Power industry (Nuclear, Thermal) * Construction Introduction * Nature operates via gradients + Most of the systems are mathematically represented via the gradients (“, of xt, differential equations Vf) or the Fluid Mechanics Solid Mechanics 2 +n vu) vp + 9. (ura vury ~ 3.9!) +F Electromagnetics VE = pley v.B=0 vxe=— 2 xB =m) + 60% Solutions to boundary value problems + Analytical methods (Direct integration, Laplace transforms, ete) are applicable only for simple geometries * How do we handle complex geometries ? Numerical methods Ww y do we use FEM? ee SCALES: ‘Why do we use FEM? How does the Finite-Element Method help? oa c = = vs Ey, fet, cost-fcont design cycles ¢ Process of FEM + Objective is to find the (approximate) solution @i (xy) to the boundary value problem e> ite rar omer _ Divide and conquer \ ou Divide & Conquer Inthe FEM, a continuous domain is discretized into simple geometric shapes called elements © A “finite element” is a small piece of structure © Nodes appear on the element boundaries and "fasten" the elements together Continuum : Infinite Number of Degrees-Of-Freedom (DOF) Discretized Model : Finite Number of DOFs boon | Divide & Conquer Step 1: Discretize the Continuum Step 2: Select Interpolation Functions Step 3: Find the Element Properties Step 4: Assemble the Element Equations Step 5: Solve the Global Equation System Step 6: Compute Additional Results (Stress, Strain, etc.) Divide & Conquer aamiaie Divide & Conquer ' Divide & Conquer Structure Finite Element Representation )—_—_—_@——_—__@—__9 ——> 1-D Axially Loaded Bar Consider the Elastic Bar Element: * Length (L) * Young's Modulus (E) * Cross-Sectional Area (A) = Bar/Truss Element Derivation of the Stiffness Matrix [K] Equilibrium Condition [ fed Ff + Fa F, Fy Ow = Ee ee e = Au/L = —_ — Au Fe = Afa® = A&E eee = A® Be Su Derivation of the Stiffness Matrix [K] : e Fe = A’o® = ACE*e® = AC E* $4 Au® = u§ — uf e me F§ = ke(ug—ug) wm ke = AE FE = —Ff = k*(uf — ug) Derivation of the Stiffness Matrix [K] uu) ial (1) AE asia =F, (2) Derivation of the Stiffness Matrix [IK] a —l #1, ](c}- 2} mp1 (u} = (F} + [K] = Stiffness Matrix * {ul = Nodal Displacement Vector * {F] = Force/Load Vector Global Assembly (Local Formulation) me Ut u F; Fe Fy 2 2 Y e 1-1. 0 Onli(@a A —s al-1 2 -1 0/Jwl_jn E1 £2 53 Z)0 -1 2 —1))\\ths\(Geeliaa 0 0-1 us Fy Essential Boundary Condition (Dirichlet) Refers to a fixed boundary condition (BC) Equivalent to setting u;= 0 in the global system of equations Element Types + 1D, 2D and 3D FEM follow the same general principles + Different element types 1D 2D a ‘Triangles ‘Quadrilaterais ‘Totrahedrons ZTiALIe Zs tb 3D ae + - ¥ Rooted sss 1D Element * Connects two nodes in a straight line * For long, slender structures with constant cross-sections 2D Element * Structural Element with one small dimension and 2 larger dimensions * Shells & Plates 3D Element * All geometric definitions included + Volume elements * 3 translational DOF's ceceletation Magntuse Casa est 7098 520 2565

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