TATA GROUP PROFILE

The Tata Group of Companies has always believed strongly in the concept of
collaborative growth, and this vision has seen it emerge as one of India's and the
world's most respected and successful business conglomerates. The Tata Group has
traced a route of growth that spans through six continents and embraces diverse
cultures. The total revenue of Tata companies, taken together, was 67.4 billion
USD (around Rs319, 534 crore) in 2009-10, with 57 per cent of this coming from
business outside India. In the face of trying economic challenges in recent times,
the Tata Group has steered India’s ascent in the global map through its unwavering
focus on sustainable development. Over 395,000 people worldwide are currently
employed in the seven business sectors in which the Tata Group Companies
operate. It is the largest employer in India in the Private Sector and continues to
lead with the same commitment towards social and community responsibilities that
it has shown in the past.

The Tata Group of Companies has business operations (114 companies and
subsidiaries) in seven defined sectors – Materials, Engineering, Information
Technology and Communications, Energy, Services, Consumer Products and
Chemicals. Tata Steel with its acquisition of Corus has secured a place among the
top ten steel manufacturers in the world and it is the Tata Group’s flagship
Company. Other Group Companies in the different sectors are – Tata Motors, Tata
Consultancy Services (TCS), Tata Communications, Tata Power, Indian Hotels,
Tata Global Beverages and Tata Chemicals.

 Tata Motors is India’s largest automobile company by revenue and is

among the top five commercial vehicle manufacturers in the world. Jaguar
and Landrover are now part of Tata Motor’s portfolio.
 Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is an integrated software solutions
provider with delivery centres in more than 18 countries. It ranked fifth
overall, and topped the list for IT services, in Bloomberg Business week’s
12th annual 'Tech 100', a ranking of the world's best performing tech
companies.

 Tata Power has pioneered hydro-power generation in India and is the

largest power generator (production capacity of 2300 MW) in India in the
private sector.

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  Indian Hotels Company (Taj Hotels, resorts and palaces) happens to be the
leading chain of hotels in India and one of the largest hospitality groups in
Asia. It has a presence in 12 countries in 5 continents.

 Tata Global Beverages (formerly Tata Tea), with its major acquisitions
like Tetley and Good Earth is at present the second largest global branded
tea operation.

When Jamsetji Tata gave shape to his vision of nation building by forming what
was to become the Tata Group in 1868, he had envisaged India as an independent
strength – politically, economically and socially. In order to become a force that
the world has to reckon with, the Tata Group has always ventured into path
breaking territory and pioneered developments in industries of national
importance.

As a policy, the Tata Group Companies promote and encourage economic, social
and educational development in the community, returning wealth to the society
they serve. Two-thirds of the equity of Tata Sons is held in philanthropic trusts that
take care of endowments towards improvement programmes in these spheres.

Through the years, the Tata Group has been amongst the most prestigious
corporate presences in the world governed by its principles of business ethics. Its
foray into international business has been recognized by various bodies and
institutions. Brand Finance, a UK based consultancy firm after a recent valuation
of the Tata brand at $11.22 billion, has ranked it 65 th among the world's top 100
brands. In Business Week magazine's list of the 25 most innovative companies the
Tata name appears 13th and The Reputation Institute, USA has evaluated the Tata
Group as the 11th in a global study of the most reputed companies.

In the road ahead, the Tata Group is focusing on integration of new technologies in
its operations and breaking new grounds in product development. The Eka
supercomputer had been ranked the world’s fourth fastest in 2008 and the launch
of the Nano has been a benchmark for the auto industry specifically and the
economy in general.

With a holistic approach in all its business operations, a loyal and dedicated
workforce and its rooted belief in value creation and corporate citizenship, the Tata
Group is always ready to realize its vision and objectives. The challenges of the
future will only help to enhance the Group’s performance and transform newer
dreams to reality.

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 TATA STEEL PLANT

Consistent with the vision of the founder JAMSHEDJI TATA; Tata steel strives to
strengthen India’s industrial base through the effective utilization of men and
material. The means envisaged to achieve this are high technology and
productivity, consistent with modern management practices.

Tata steel recognizes that honesty and integrity are essential ingredients of a strong
and stable enterprises, profitability provides the main spark for economic activity.

Over all the company seeks to scale heights of excellence in all that it does in an
atmosphere free from fear, and one which encourages innovativeness and
creativity.

COMPANY PROFILE

Backed by 100 glorious years of experience in steel making, Tata Steel is the
world’s 6th largest steel company with an existing annual crude steel production
capacity of 30 Million Tons Per Annum (MTPA). Established in 1907, it is the first
integrated steel plant in Asia and is now the world’s second most geographically
diversified steel producer and a Fortune 500 Company.

Tata Steel has a balanced global presence in over 50 developed European and fast
growing Asian markets, with manufacturing units in 26 countries.

It was the vision of the founder; Jamsedji Nusserwanji Tata., that on 27th
February, 1908, the first stake was driven into the soil of Sakchi. His vision helped
Tata Steel overcome several periods of adversity and strive to improve against all
odds.

Tata Steel’s Jamshedpur (India) Works has a crude steel production capacity of 6.8
MTPA which is slated to increase to 10 MTPA by 2010. The Company also has
proposed three Greenfield steel projects in the states of Jharkhand, Orissa and
Chhattisgarh in India with additional capacity of 23 MTPA and a Greenfield
project in Vietnam.

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Through investments in Corus, Millennium Steel (renamed Tata Steel Thailand)
and Nat Steel Holdings, Singapore, Tata Steel has created a manufacturing and
marketing network in Europe, South East Asia and the pacific-rim countries.
Corus, which manufactured over 20 MTPA of steel in 2008, has operations in the
UK, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Norway and Belgium.

Tata Steel Thailand is the largest producer of long steel products in Thailand, with
a manufacturing capacity of 1.7 MTPA. Tata Steel has proposed a 0.5 MTPA mini
blast furnace project in Thailand. Nat Steel Holdings produces about 2 MTPA of
steel products across its regional operations in seven countries.

Tata Steel, through its joint venture with Tata Blue Scope Steel Limited, has also
entered the steel building and construction applications market.

The iron ore mines and collieries in India give the Company a distinct advantage in
raw material sourcing. Tata Steel is also striving towards raw materials security
through joint ventures in Thailand, Australia, Mozambique, Ivory Coast (West
Africa) and Oman. Tata Steel has signed an agreement with Steel Authority of
India Limited to establish a 50:50 joint venture company for coal mining in India.
Also, Tata Steel has bought 19.9% stake in New Millennium Capital Corporation,
Canada for iron ore mining.

Exploration of opportunities in titanium dioxide business in Tamil Nadu, Ferro-

chrome plant in South Africa and setting up of a deep-sea port in coastal Orissa are
integral to the Growth and Globalization objective of Tata Steel.

Tata Steel’s vision is to be the global steel industry benchmark for Value Creation
and Corporate Citizenship.

Tata Steel India is the first integrated steel company in the world, outside Japan, to
be awarded the Deming Application Prize 2008 for excellence in Total Quality
Management.

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 AWARDS AND RECOGNITION
 Tata Steel India awarded the Deming Application Prize 2008 for excellence in
Total Quality Management. It is the first integrated steel company in the world,
outside Japan to get this award.

 World Steel Dynamics has ranked Tata Steel as the world's best steel maker
(for two consecutive years) in its annual listing in February 2006.
 Tata Steel has been conferred the Prime Minister of India's Trophy for the Best
Integrated Steel Plant five times.
 It has been awarded Asia's Most Admired Knowledge Enterprise award five
times in 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2008.
 Conferred the prestigious Global Business Coalition Award for Business
Excellence in the Community in recognition of its pioneering work in the field
of HIV/ AIDS awareness.
 Tata Steel works has been conferred the prestigious social accountability (SA)
8000 certification by social. Accountability international (SAI), USA. It is the
first steel company in the world to receive this certificate.
 Corporate Sustainability Report of Tata Steel hailed by United Nation's
Environment Programme (UNEP) and Standard and poor as strongest,
submitted by any corporate house from emerging economies.
 Best governed company Award 2006 for setting high standards in governance
practices.
 Tata Steel won "Award for Corporate Social Responsibility in Public health"
by US- Indian Business Council (USIBC), Population Services International
(PSI) and the center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in 2007.

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 TATA TUBES SBU

A new dimension in steel tube technology opened up in India in the early 50’s –
with the establishment of the India Tube Company (ITC), on the 17th. December
1954. It was the outcome of a joint venture between Tata Steel and Stewarts &
Lloyds of UK. In 1985, the Indian Tube Company merged with Tata Steel to form
the Tata Steel-Tubes Division. The Tubes Strategic Business Unit (SBU) today is a
leading manufacturer of welded pipes and tubes in the country with an annual
production capacity of around 4,00,000 tines, with expansion plans on the anvil.

The Tubes SBU manufactures commercial, structural and precision tubes at its
Jamshedpur plant. The SBU has a network of sales offices across the country with
the marketing headquarters in Kolkata to provide better customer service.

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State of the art technology

The Tubes SBU has embraced the culture of business excellence reflected through
a leading presence across several lines of business. A high degree of customization
has been achieved through a comprehensive plant modernization programme,
involving up-gradation of the plant, technology and process control.

Lines of business

The three main lines of business are –

 Commercial Tubes – for the conveyance segments, sold under the brand
name of “Tata Pipes”
 Structural Tubes – for the construction segment, sold under the brand name
of “Tata Structura”

Precision Tubes – for the Auto, Boiler and Engineering segments.

Vision
The vision of the Tata Steel Group is - We aspire to be the global steel industry
benchmark for Value Creation and Corporate Citizenship.

We make a difference through:

 Our PEOPLE, by fostering team work, nurturing talent, enhancing
leadership capability and acting with pace, pride and passion.
 Our OFFER, by becoming the supplier of choice, delivering premium
products and services and creating value with our customers.
 Our INNOVATIVE APPROACH, by developing leading edge solutions in
technology, processes and products.
 Our CONDUCT, by providing a safe working place, respecting the
environment, caring for our communities and demonstrating high ethical
standards.

Our Corporate Goals for 2012:

 Value Creation - Increase our ROIC to 30% from the current 16%.
 Safety - Reduce LTIFR to 0.4 compared to the current 1.7

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  Environment - Reduce CO2 emissions to 1.5 Tons/ton of liquid steel
compared to the current 1.8 T/tls
 Employer of Choice - Across all industries - top quartile

The aspirations of the Tubes SBU are:

1. Leadership in chosen markets
2. Growth with systems and processes
3. Continuously seize opportunities for value creation

The Core Values of the Tubes SBU are:

1. Trusteeship
2. Integrity
3. Respect the individual
4. Credibility
5. Excellence

Products
 Commercial Tubes

I. Plumbing- Galvanized pipes are one of the most important elements in

a plumbing set up. The pipes need to satisfy the specific characteristics
during their intended usage, particularly with respect to ease of installation,
ease of water flow, long term behavior with respect to corrosion resistance
and longevity.

Tata Pipes had been a pioneer in the manufacturing of pipes, specifically

meant for plumbing applications. To meet the continually increasing
demand for quality pipes in the plumbing segment, significant
improvements in the quality of pipes have been brought about through
innovation in the pipe making and galvanizing process.

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 With 360 GSM Zinc coating and Boron Steel, Tata Pipes besides being
rust free and leak proof have also emerged as the best for our health and
safety.

Sizes normally used: 15mm, 20mm and 25mm NB Galvanized Plain

Ended or Socketed Steel Pipes confirming to IS: 1239

II. Irrigation- The need to improve irrigation practices is increasing

everyday and the criticality of the need to use high quality pipes for
irrigation and water supply purposes is clearly understood. A superior
quality pipe is one that will lead to good irrigation and a plentiful harvest.
Pipes usage for irrigation and water supply purposes is primarily evidenced
in –

 Tubewell / Borewell applications

 Applications facilitating surface irrigation
 Applications facilitating ground water irrigation

Galvanised steel pipes are most often used across the country for
irrigation and water supply purposes.

Advantages of Tata Pipes for usages in irrigation and water supply

 Tata Pipes are heavy and sink easily to the ground

 Tata Pipes have deep thread and strong sockets for a better grip
 Thick and consistent coating of purest form of Zinc, both on internal
and external surface of the tubes, give a very high resistance to
corrosion and consequently increase the longevity of the pipes
 Tata Pipes are heavy and can be installed / sunk easily – ease of
installation

Tata Pipes ensure that the Indian farmer is no longer at the mercy of the
rains.

Sizes normally used: 32mm to 150mm NB Galvanized Plain Ended or

Socketed Steel Pipes confirming to IS: 1239

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III. Cold Storage - Cold storage plants are large warehouses equipped
with a vapour compression system for refrigeration, traditionally using
ammonia as the refrigerant. The system functions through a network
consisting of a compressor, condenser, expansion valve and an evaporator
(referred to as bunker coils when placed in a bunker). A brief description of
the refrigeration process is outlined in the next few paragraphs.

The compressor sucks in saturated and dry ammonia vapour at design

evaporating temperature and pressure and compresses the vapour into a pre-
determined higher pressure, called the condensing pressure with
corresponding temperature. The actual temperature at the condensing
pressure is considerably higher due to superheating it the compression
process.

The vapour is then pumped to the condenser pipes, where it is cooled and
liquefied using water sprays. The liquefied ammonia at high pressure is
collected in a receiver and then pumped under pressure to the expansion
valve, where the pressure is reduced by throttling and the low pressure
liquid flows to the evaporator or bunker coils located inside the insulated
warehouse.

The low pressure liquid ammonia inside the bunker coils evaporates into
vapour being sucked by the compressor and in the process cools down,
absorbing heat from the surroundings, thus lowering the temperature of the
store. The evaporator coils are kept flooded with low pressure and low
temperature liquid ammonia with the help of an accumulator vessel inside
which boiling or evaporation of liquid takes place. The evaporating
ammonia is sucked by the compressor and the cycle is established.

IV. HVAC - HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, and Air-

Conditioning three closely related fundamental functions with both
commercial and residential applications. The concept was coined by
Volkart Brothers, being the pioneers in this segment, and was introduced
way back in 1950.

The steady growth of the real estate market in India has created
opportunities for major developers to promote large format office spaces

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 and associated structures like malls, resorts, hi-tech hospitals, etc. This
growth has necessitated in realising the importance of the HVAC and Fire-
fighting systems in both residential and commercial structures as a prime
essential for safety and health.

HVAC can further be distinguished as two separate segments

 Commercial Cooling - large spaces of hotels, IT parks, malls,

airports etc.
 Process Cooling - for sterilized rooms of pharmaceutical and
manufacturing industries.
 Pipes used in Fan Coil Unit - 25 NB to 32 NB
 Pipes used from chiller header to AHU (Air Handling Unit) - 50
NB to 150 NB
 Pipes used in chiller branch lines - 150 NB to 250 NB
 Pipes used in chiller main lines - 300 NB to 500 NB

The primary use of HVAC is to regulate room temperature, humidity,

and air flow, ensuring that such elements remain within their acceptable
ranges. Effective control of such factors minimizes health related risks.

 Structural Tubes- Tata Structura steel hollow sections manufactured by Tata

Steel, command several techno-economic advantages over conventional steel
sections. Tata Structura provides better compressive strength than the
traditional structurals because of their lower slenderness ratio and higher yield
strength.

With high torsional rigidity and compressive strength, these hollow sections
are comparably more efficient than conventional steel sections. The excellent
distribution of material around the axis of the square and rectangular steel
hollow sections allows for remarkable strength qualities and thus offers decisive
advantages in its applications. The smooth and uniform profile of the sections
minimizes corrosion and facilitates easy, onsite fabrication to significantly
enhance the aesthetics of structures. A higher strength to weight ratio credits
these sections with nearly 20% reduction in the use of steel.

The versatility of these sections allows for a wide range of applications as

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industrial sheds and exhibition stalls to space frames and sign supporting
structures. The sections can also be utilized for large span portal frames,
amusement parks and playground equipments, guard rails for staircases, sports
galleries, pedestrian walkovers, bridges and bus stands amongst other uses.

Advantages of Tata Structural larger sections are mentioned below:

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Technical advantages

 Higher Radius of gyration - More compressive strength - economical for

column applications
 Columns being lighter, reduce the seismic loads on the structure in case of
earthquakes
 Exceptionally high torsional strength - effective for space frames and
bending members
 Replacement of lattice girders - more space for use
 Concrete can filled – for higher strength columns

Attributes

 Liberty to designers to imagine and design Structures.

 Significant enhancement in the aesthetic appeal as compared to
conventional sections
 Ease in fabrication leads to faster constructions and thus saving in Time
factor.
 Fully weldable across all regions of section.
 Uniform mechanical properties and better corner profiles.
 More open spaces in the total steel structure than the built up sections
used structure
 Usage in column applications in multi-storeyed buildings, industrial shed ,
godowns , warehouse etc
 Utilities like electricals /water supply etc can be concealed in the sections
 Application in Vehicle-carrying vehicles
 Economical for any large span structures

 Precision Tubes- the Precision Tubes plant has added a new 4inch Mill from
OTO Mills to its existing 2inch and 3 inch mills, thereby extending the

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Precision Tubes range to 114.3 Outer Dia and 6mm thickness with a combined
capacity of 90,000 tonnes per anum.

Key features of the 4 inch new Precision Tubes Mill

 The new mill is powered by world class technology from OTO Mills, LOI
Thermo process, Bultmann and MAIR Research
 ERW range from 31.75mm to 114.30mm OD with thickness range of
1.50mm to 6.00mm
 Cold Drawn Tubes from 15mm to 105mm OD with thickness range of
1.0mm to 5.50mm
 Advanced coolant filtration and Solid State Welder for consistency in
weld and controlled internal bead
 Fully integrated Cold Draw line with high speed cold draw bench, multi
roll straightener, NDT, multi head tube cutting and packaging system
 Bright annealing furnace – fully automatic roller hearth furnace with
provision for Normalising, Annealing and Tempering
 Matching surface treatment facility with tube transporter, auto dip and
temperature control
 Shock Absorber and Telescopic Front Fork customized tube cutting line to
suit customer’s length specification
 Enhanced surface quality of dawn tube through use of reactive oil with
bright annealed tubes

Strength of Tata Precision Tubes

 Weld quality
 In house steel raw material with typical high fatigue strength properties
 Capability to supply high strength tubes with high ductility
 Capability to offer ERW / CEW tubes with low tolerances on OD and
thickness
 Bright normalized surface requirements on request

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  TS 16949 certified and recognized as “Self Certified Boiler Tube and Pipe
Manufacturer” under Indian Boiler Regulations
 In house R&D integrated with resources across Tata Steel group

Strength of Tata Steel in the Hydroforming Business

 In-house Tube and steel making facilities.

 Availability of customized steel grades.
 In-house Hydroforming expertise with Tata Steel Europe
o R & D capability including simulation tools and expertise
o Complete solution to OE from Conceptual design to Prototyping and
final supply of component.
o Access to data base & experience on Hydroforming process and
component design of Tata Steel Europe Hyfo & Tata Steel Europe
RD&T.

CONTRACT LABOUR ENGAGEMENT

The term “contract labour” has been defined in section 2(1)(b) of the contract
labour(regulation and abolition)act,[Link] person who merely supplies goods or
articles of manufacture to any establishment is not a contractor for the purpose of
this act. Unless the work is done at the premises of or under the control and
management of the establishment, the workmen employed for such work will not
be treated as contract labour.
To be a contract labour,

a) He must be engaged in the establishment or in connection with the work

of the establishment.
b) He must be hired in or in connection with the work of the establishment
by or through a contractor.

The contractor has to give an application to the Head of the HR asking for the
Form V. After receiving the permission, the contractor will fill the Form V along
with Form IV. The Form IV gives the professional details of the contractor. The

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Xerox of ESI and the PF is mandatory with the Form IV. Finally the labours will
be given the permanent gate pass to carry out their work without any hindrances.

Sl. Name of Contractors Nature of Job

No.
1. M/S A.S. Const. Mech. Maint., Fabrication
2. M/S Bharaj Engg. Const. Mech. Maint., Pipeline
3. M/S G. Thakur & Sons Mech. Maint.
4. M/S Libcon Associates Mech. Maint.
5. M/S M & M Co. Mech. Maint., Pipeline
6. M/S Raj Engg. Const. Co. Mech. Maint., Fabrication
7. M/S R.K. Engg. Const. Co. Mech. Maint.
8. M/S Steelcon Mech. Maint., Structural
9. M/S Sahu Engg. Works Mech. Maint., Installation
10. M/S Tejashwi Enterprises Mech. Maint.,Refractory
11. M/S Universal Engg. Co. Mech. Maint.
12. M/S Bedi Enterprises Mech. Maint.
13. M/S SRP Enterprises Operation / Maint.
14. M/S Biswas Enterprises Mech. Maint., Electrical Maint.
15. M/S Arunoday Electrical Elect. Maint.

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16. M/S Bharat Electricals Elect. Maint.
17. M/S SVL Enterprises Elect. Maint.
18. M/S Elite & Co. Elect. Maint.
19. M/S D. P. Bodhanwala Mat. Handling, Transportation
20. M/S Sweta Enterprises Mat. Handling
21. M/S Youth India Trading Mat. Handling, Cleaning
Co.
22. M/S U. P. Choubey & Co. Mat. Handling, Cleaning
23. M/S Framco Mat. Handling
24. M/S Maa Kailash Devi Cleaning
25. M/S Animesh Enterprises Cleaning
26. M/S Murat Const. Drowsing, Cleaning
27. M/S Zenith Engg. Co. Civil Maint., Structural
28. M/S Pralak Commercial Chemical Cleaning
29. M/S Golden Chemical Chemical Cleaning
30. M/S Singh Associates Threading Recovery
31. M/S ITW India Ltd. Packaging , Building
32. M/S Phone Traders Gardening
33. M/S D. K. Ghosh & Co. Tube Handling
Table 1:- Name of contractors with Nature of Job

SUMMER PROJECT PROFILE

The project titled “A STUDY ON CONTRACT LABOUR ENGAGEMENT OF
TATA STEEL TUBES SBU” is aspired to study in depth the Contract Labour
activities adopted by the company and understanding the requirements, benefits,
shortcoming and satisfaction of Contract Labour.

 The ordained duration of the project was for five weeks The Contract Labour
activities of the company which consists of 39 contractors and 600 workers.
 The overall project was divided into three phases:
a) Understanding the company and its Contract Labour activities and
designing the questionnaire (three weeks)
b) Collection of data through questionnaires, Formal/Informal
discussions/telephonic interviews (two weeks).
c) Analysis (one week)

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PHASE ONE

This phase of the project involved acquiring knowledge about the company and its
Contract Labour activities, its features and execution of these over the year. This
was done so as to be able to design a successful and effective questionnaire.

On completion of phase one the research methodology was formulated.

PHASE TWO

This phase of the project involved two stage of data collection. First stage involved
survey of Contract Labour’s canteen through primary data collection method (by
going to their canteen and interviewing them).This was followed by stage two in
which the recorded data was converted into an accessible format and the hard copy
of the questionnaire was filled for the questionnaire was filled for submission The
entire data collection process took slightly over three weeks for its completion.

PHASE THREE

This phase involved analysis and interpretation of the data collected as well as
observations made during the survey .The result of the data collected as well as
observations made during the survey.

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1. The primary objective of this project work was to know the satisfaction level
of the Contract Labours employed in this Industry. The project research
included only the Contract labours and not their supervisors. The population
of the research project consisted of more than 600 contract labours employed
under 39 contractors.
2. Another objective of this project was to ascertain the different factors which
affect the level of satisfaction, morale and motivation of the employees of an
organization and the extent up to which those factors influence the working
of individuals of an organization.
3. The prime motive of carrying out this project was to ascertain the various
factors that are responsible for negatively motivating and satisfying the
employees and thereby what are its consequences.
4. Finally the prime objective behind this project is to find out the de-
motivating factors and suggest ways to remove them, so that the employees
are provided with a decent as well as satisfactory working condition.
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 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In the project the research is conducted for the purpose to find out the Contract
Labour’s satisfaction level in TUBES SBU.

RESEARCH DESIGN

A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of

data, in a manner that aims to combine relevance to research purpose with
economy in procedure.
We have selected descriptive research study for our project. DRS are those studies
which are concern with describing the character of a particular individual or of a
group.
This RSD focuses attention on the following:-
 Formulating the objectives of the study.

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 Designing the methods of data collection.
 Selecting the sample.
 Collecting the data.
 Processing and analyzing the data.
 Reporting the findings

SAMPLING

This deals with the methods of selecting items to be observed for the given study.
In the given project we had targeted the Contract Labours working in TUBES SBU
for the purpose of collection of data. The sampling elements were the individual
labour of the TUBES SBU. Our sampling sizes were 120 labours in which
supervisors were also included.

COLLECTION OF DATA

The task of data collection begins after the research problem has been defined and
the research design plan chalked out.

In this we had described about the sources of data collection, methods of data
collection and instruments of data collection

The various sources of data collection are:

 Primary sources: We approached the contract labours of TUBES SBU for the
purpose of surveying about the satisfaction level of the Contract Labours.
 Secondary sources: We visited to TUBES SBU websites, library and the last
year’s project on Contract Labour Engagement.

The different methods of data collection are:

OBSERVATION METHOD: Under this method the information is solved by the

way of investigator’s own direct observation, without asking from the respondent.
For this, we visited to the plant and mills and spent time with the labours and
supervisors during the working hours.

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QUESTIONNAIRE: This method is quite popular particularly in the case of big
inquires. In this method a questionnaire is given to the person concerned with the
request to answer the question and return it, the respondent has to answer the
question on their own. For this, we had prepared a questionnaire which is shown in
the appendix.

INTERVIEW METHOD: It involves collection of data, presentation of oral-verbal

stimuli and reply in the terms of oral-verbal response. This can be done with the
help of personal interviews or telephonic interviews. In this we interviewed the
Contract Labours while they were filling the questionnaire to find out their
problems and satisfaction level.

DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS

For collecting the data we have selected questionnaires and interview method. In
this we distributed the questionnaires to respondents and personally interviewed
them. We had prepared the questionnaire and we met the Contract Labours
personally for filling it and for interviewing them.

SAMPLING FRAME

A sample frame is a list that includes every member of the population from which
a sample is to be taken. Without some form of sample frame, a random sample of a
population, other than an extremely small population, is impossible.

The sample frame in this research includes 600 Contract Labours who work under
39 contractors. It covers every nature of work in which they are employed. It also
includes every section of industry. Sampling frame includes only the total number
of Contract Labours with their education background. Since the population for the
survey consists of only Contract Labours of TUBES SBU, no additional
information is required.

The survey covers only 20% of the total number which is comparatively smaller.
This is why simple random sample technique has been followed. This does not
need much of information for the research.

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SAMPLING UNIT

A sampling unit is that element or set of elements considered for selection in some
stage of sampling. In a simple single-stage sample, the sampling units are the same
as the elements. In a three stage sampling approach, however, all three are
sampling units while only the last is an element.

Sampling unit includes 20% Contract Labours under every contractor. It includes
only men of different age groups.

SAMPLING SIZE

Sample Size Determination

In theory, whenever a sample survey is made, there arises some sampling error,
which can be controlled by selecting a sample of adequate size. Researchers will
have to specify the precision that he wants in respect of his estimates concerning
the population parameter. For instance, a researcher may like to estimate the mean
of the universe within +- 3 of the true mean with 95% confidence. In this case, we
will say that the desired precision is +- 3 i.e. If the sample mean is 100 then the
true population mean will be no less than 97 and not more than 103. In other
words, the margin of acceptable error (e) is 3. Keeping this view in mind now we
can explain how sample size can be determined so that specified precision is
maintained.

SAMPLING PROCEDURE

Simple Random Sampling

It is a technique for drawing a sample in such a way that each unit of the
population has an equal and independent chance of being included in the sample.
In this method an equal probability of selection is assigned to each unit of the
population at the first draw. It also implies an equal probability of selection of any
units from the available units at subsequent draw. In Simple Random Sampling
22
(SRS) from a sample of N units, the probability of drawing any unit in the first
draw is (1/N). It can be shown that the probability of selecting a specified unit of
the population in any given draw is equal to the probability of it being selected at
the first draw. The selection procedure is using lottery system or random number
tables.

One of the chief advantages of SRS is that since the sample units are selected at
random giving each unit an equal chance of selection. The element of subjectivity
or personal bias is completely removed. As such a simple random sample is more
representative of the population as compared to subjective sampling. Furthermore,
it becomes easy to ascertain the efficiency of the estimates of the parameters by
considering the sampling distribution of the statistic. For example “yn” as an
estimate of “Yn” becomes more efficient as sample size “n” increases.

On the limitations of SRS, it can be said that the selection of SRS requires an upto
date sampling frame- a completely catalogued population from which the samples
are to be drawn. Frequently, it is virtually impossible to identify the units in the
population before the sample is drawn and this restricts the use of simple random
sampling. Secondly, a SRS may lead to administrative inconvenience. It may result
in selection of sampling units which are widely spread geographically and in such
a case it may become impractical to put into practice the simple random sampling
procedures. Thirdly, at times, a simple random sample may give most non-random
looking result. For example, if we draw a random sample of size 13 from a pack of
cards, we may get all the cards of the same suit. However, the possibility of such
samples is extremely small. Finally, for a given procedure, SRS requires a
comparatively larger sample size as compared to other sampling procedures.

PLAN FOR DATA COLLECTION

Data was collected by survey method based on the well structured questionnaire.
The questionnaire covers totally 9 questions relating to matters like availability of
proper tools and equipment for performing the job, payment of wages, relationship
with employees, availability of protective equipment and the facilities given to
them. The data was collected by going to the canteen of the company and getting
the questionnaire filled by the Contract Labours. In case of their inability of filling

23
it by themselves, we asked them the questions and filled in the questionnaire
according to their responses.

The survey covered at least 20% of the Contract Labours under each contractor.
The list of contractors with their contact numbers and the total number of Contract
Labours under them was given to us by Anil sir from Personnel Office. The survey
was held at that time when the Contract Labours were free preferably during their
break.

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

DATA ANLAYSIS

First of all the collected data will be put into the excel sheet for the convenience of
analysis. Then the data will be clubbed into different group according to the nature
of their job.

Since the questions have the five scales of measurement the MEAN is to be
calculated for each question. The calculated mean will give us the knowledge
about the level of satisfaction of labour about the matter of questions. The same
process will be followed with each nature of job. Grand Mean will be calculated to
know the satisfaction level of labours of that job.

Finally, a mean of all means will be calculated to know the overall satisfaction
level of contract labours of industry.

24
DETAILS ABOUT THE QUESTIONNAIRE

Research is based on a well formulated questionnaire. It is a close ended, single

response type questionnaire. It has 5 scales of measurement for the satisfaction
level, 1 being “Highly dissatisfied” and 5 being “Highly satisfied”. It covers all the
areas of their concern. Since the Labours may not afford to give much time to the
questionnaire, it is kept as short as possible. It covers only 9 questions.

The first question is based on the matter of provision of necessary equipment to

labours for the smooth functioning and total utilization of their abilities.

The second question is based on supervision. It states guidance provided to do the

job and overall support provided by the supervisor.

The third question is based on the satisfaction with the quality of PPEs (helmets,
safety shoes, ear plugs, goggles etc.).

The fourth question is to know the labour’s opinions whether they feel a sense of
security at their workplace or not.

The fifth question focuses on the payment of wages. It highlights whether the
payment is made on time, PF and ESI deductions and minimum wages.

The sixth question focuses on the relationship with co-workers, permanent

employees and the recommend others for working in TUBES DIVISION.

The seventh question focuses on the satisfaction with the food provided in the
canteen and their suggestions.

The eighth question focuses on restroom.

The ninth question focuses on first aid facilities which includes location, awareness
regarding the person responsible for the first aid boxes, awareness regarding
services of TUBES Dispensary in case of emergency, medical benefits given by
ESI, location of ESI hospitals, availing the benefits of ESI for themselves and their
families, contractors supporting financially during injury or unfitness, smoking &
drinking and lastly suffering from any diseases chronic or hereditary.

25
DATA INTERPRETATION

Contract Labour Engagement

TATA STEEL TUBES DIVISION 2012 S C A L E

Q.
QUESTIONS 1 2 3 4 5 MEAN
NO
Provision of necessary equipments for the smooth
1 functioning and total utilization of your abilities? 5 2 27 49 37 3.92
a.) To what extent are you satisfied with the
2 1 3 8 44 64 4.39
supervision?
b.) Overall support provided by your supervisor 2 3 6 53 56 4.31

3 a.) To what extent are you satisfied with the quality 4 1 28 50 37 3.95
of PPEs (helmets, safety shoes, goggles, ear plugs etc.)
b.) To what extent are you satisfied with the time
taken for replacing safety equipments like gloves,
4 0 7 52 57 4.31
helmets etc. which get damaged while working in
plant?
4 To what extent do you feel secured at your workplace
(job security)? 0 0 23 47 50 4.22

26
 a.) To what extent are you satisfied with your
6 relationship with your co-workers i.e. other contract 0 0 10 50 60 4.41
labour?
b.) To what extent are you satisfied with the
behaviour of the company's permanent employees 3 1 9 47 60 4.33
towards you?
b.) To what extent are you satisfied with the
7 75 27 7 10 1 1.62
Canteen's food?
b.) To what extent are you satisfied with the
8 64 10 18 20 8 2.15
restroom?
Grand Mean 3.76

27
SATISFACTION INDEX SHOWING “YES” AND “NO”

Contract Labour Engagement

TATA STEEL TUBES DIVISION 2012

SL.
QUESTIONS Y N
NO.
5 a.) Do you get your payment on time? 117 3
b.) Are you aware of the P.F. and E.S.I deductions that are made 101 19
at the time of the payment?
c.) Are you aware of the minimum wages that a worker gets i.e.
46 74
what you are entitled to?
6 c.) Would you recommend your friend to work in TUBES 106 14
DIVISION premises
7 a.) Are you satisfied with the food provided in the canteen? 19 101
8 a.) Are you allowed to use the restroom while at work? 39 81
a.) Are the first aid facilities provided to you, if required, during
9 the working hours? 120 0
b.) Are you aware of the location of first aid boxes? 118 2
c.) Are you aware of the person in whose custody the first aid
boxes are kept? 110 10
d.) Are you aware of the services of the TUBES DISPENSARY
are available in case of emergency? 97 23
e.) Are you aware of the medical benefits given by E.S.I? 51 69
f.) Do you know the location of ESI hospital or Dispensary near
your work or home? 67 53
g.) Have you awailed ESI benefits for you and your family? 24 96
h.) In case of injury or fitness due to other reasons, does your
contractor support you financially or through medical clinics etc? 119 1
i.) Do you smoke or eat pan masala? 54 66
j.) Do you drink? 55 65

28
k.) Do you suffer from any disease chronic or hereditary? 0 120

%AGE OF RESP. SAYING “YES”

%AGE OF RESP. SAYING “NO”

29
 CONCLUSION

As a part of our BBA curriculum we were required to undergo a five week summer
internship project. We are very grateful to TATA STEEL (TUBES DIVISION),
JAMSHEDPUR for giving us an opportunity to do our project in their esteemed
organization. The duration of five weeks was a lot of learning and pleasure mainly
because of guidance and support that we received from the Human Resource
department and other employees of various sections.

TUBES SBU has an extremely cordial atmosphere which is very conducive for
growth, teamwork and efficient job performance. The atmosphere makes our work
easier. It has provided us with a rich experience of working with people of
different culture, backgrounds & levels, all working cordially in a team. It has also
exposed us to the industrial environment, professional working styles,
organizational systems & procedures.

In TUBES SBU, the Contract Labour’s satisfaction level is almost up to the mark
but again in few of the areas, the labours are not fully satisfied with the overall
working conditions, Dispensary benefits and Canteen’s food &its environment. At
the same time it has also been analyzed that the company is taking proper measures

30
and effective steps for the increment in the satisfaction level of the Contract
Labours that will consequently motivate them for better performance and the
overall development of the company.

At last it can be said that though the study to measure the level of satisfaction come
to an end but still the scope are open for further research.

RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

There are a few areas where the company could look into for betterment of
contract labours.

As per the feedback of the Contract labours……. The facility of canteen should be
improved as most of the contract labours are not at all satisfied with the quality and
quantity of food provided to them. Many of them said that they were ready to give
more money for better food. So the company may think about this.

Secondly, many labours do not have any knowledge about PF and ESI benefits as a
result of this they may not be able to reap its benefit. The company may time to
time hold some kind of session to give them some knowledge about this. The menu
should be different for different days so that it will add variety to the food. We
have also found out that the behavior of the security towards contract labours is not
satisfactory and it requires improvement.

31
Thirdly, we have also heard that the labours do not get food after 12 o’clock and
they stand in a long queue. Provision should be made regarding the increment of
their break from 20 to 50 minutes.

LIMITATIONS OF SURVEY
Following are the limitations of survey:

Many of the contract labours were illiterate or could not read Hindi or understand
Hindi. We had to read the questions out to them make them understand and fill in
the questionnaire according to their response. In this process there is always a
chance of misunderstanding the other thoughts wrongly filling the questionnaire.

The survey was mostly conducted during their work time when they were busy
with their work. As a result of this they may not have given their 100 per cent
response.

Survey was intended to cover 20 per cent labours under every contractor. However
it was not possible to do so because some of them had only 2 or 3 labours under
them. As a result we had to omit them from the list.

32
 ANNEXURE
Respondent’s profile

Name of the contractor:

Date of birth: Age:

Place of birth:

Qualification: Gender:

Skill:

No. of earning member in family:

Family size:

Own monthly income: Monthly family income:

Work experience:
a.) Total

33
 b.) At tubes division.

Department where employed:

Nature of job: operation / maintenance / cleaning / others (specify)

QUESTIONNAIRE
Rate your satisfaction level on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 is “ Highly
dissatisfied”, 2 is “Slightly dissatisfied”, 3 is “Slightly satisfied”, 4 is
“ Satisfied” 5 is “Highly satisfied”

1.) Provision of necessary equipment for the smooth functioning and

total utilization of your abilities ?
1 2 3 4 5

2.) To what extent are you satisfied with the supervision?

i. Guidance provided to do the job
1 2 3 4 5
ii. Overall support provided by your supervisor
1 2 3 4 5

3.) a. To what extent are you satisfied with the quality of PPEs
( helmets, safety shoes, goggles, ear plugs etc.) provided to you?
1 2 3 4 5

b. To what extent are you satisfied with the time taken for replacing
safety equipments like gloves, helmets etc. Which get damaged while
working in the plant?
1 2 3 4 5

4.) To what extent do you feel secured at your work place ( job security)?
1 2 3 4 5

5.) a. Do you get your payment on time?

YES NO
34
 b. Are you aware of the P.F and E.S.I deductions that are made at the
time of payment?
YES NO
c. Are you aware of the minimum wages that a worker gets i.e. what
you are entitled to?
YES NO

6.) a. To what extent are you satisfied with your relationship with your co-
workers i.e. other contract labour?
1 2 3 4 5
b. To what extent are you satisfied with the behaviour of company’s
permanent employees towards you?
1 2 3 4 5
c. Would you recommend your friend to work in TUBES DIVISION
premises?
YES NO

7.) a. Are you satisfied with the food provided in the canteen?
YES NO
b. To what extent are you satisfied with the food?
1 2 3 4 5

8.) a. Are you allowed to use the restrooms while at work?

YES NO
b. To what extent are you satisfied with the restrooms?
1 2 3 4 5

9.) a. Are the first aid facilities provided to you, if required, during the
working hours?
YES NO
b. Are you aware of the location of the first aid boxes?
YES NO
c. Are you aware of the person in whose custody the first aid boxes are
kept?
YES NO
d. Are you aware that the services of Tubes Dispensary are available in
case of emergency?
YES NO
e. Are you aware of the medical benefits given by E.S.I?
35
 YES NO
f. Do you know the location of ESI hospital or Dispensary near your
work or home?
YES NO
g. Have you availed ESI benefits for you and your family?
YES NO
h. In case of injury or unfitness due to other reasons, does your
contractor support you financially or through medical clinics etc.?
YES NO
i. Do you smoke or eat pan masala ?
YES NO
j. Do you drink?
YES NO
k. Do you suffer from any disease chronic or hereditary?
YES NO

SUGGESTIONS:-

BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS

Research Methodology - [Link]

Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 - [Link]

INTERNET

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]

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