TOPIC 3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION-BUILDING
TASK 1: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION-BUILDING
1. Explain how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in their daily living
2. Discuss the role of Science and Technology in Philippine nation- building
3. Evaluate government policies pertaining to science and technology in terms of
their contributions to nation building
4. Identify actual science and technology policies of the government and appraise
their impact on the development of the Filipino nation
1. Early Filipinos and Scientific Principles
Science was applied practically by the early Filipinos. The Banaue Rice Terraces
serve as an example of how they increased agricultural output and improved soil fertility
through crop rotation and irrigation. Mariners demonstrated advanced geographic and
astronomical knowledge by using the movements of the ocean and celestial bodies to
guide them. Using native materials that were ideal for the tropical climate and
surroundings, they constructed dwellings akin to nipa huts. Based on knowledge of the
medicinal qualities of local plants, herbal remedies were used.
2. Role of Science and Technology in Philippine Nation-Building
Advancing technology to support modernization and industrialization are key points of
science and technology. Improving public health and healthcare services via medical
innovation. Developing a workforce with the necessary skills and expanding knowledge
via research and instructional programs. Supplying technologies for natural disaster
response and early warning systems. Encouraging the building and maintaining of
essential facilities such as public transportation and roads.
3. Evaluation of Government Policies on Science and Technology
The National Science and Technology Plan (NSTP) and initiatives by the Department of
Science and Technology (DOST) have promoted R&D and technological advancement.
However, issues like insufficient funding and coordination among agencies can hinder
the effectiveness of these policies.
4. Actual Policies and Their Impact
Magna Carta for Scientists (RA 8439): Improves working conditions for S&T
professionals, leading to better retention and productivity in research.
Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022: Integrates science and technology into
national development goals, fostering innovation and infrastructure improvement.
PCIEERD Initiatives: Supports R&D in key sectors like energy and industry, driving
technological advancements and industry-specific solutions.
Balik Scientist Act: Encourages Filipino scientists abroad to return and contribute to
local research, enhancing national scientific expertise and innovation
Task 2. Read about the following articles. Take note of important details or salient
points. Be ready for a group interaction.
1. AMBISYON NATIN 2040
"Ambisyon Natin 2040" outlines the Philippines’ long-term vision for 2040, aiming for a
more prosperous, inclusive, and sustainable future. Its goal is to achieve upper-middle-
income status, improve living standards, and ensure environmental sustainability. It
focuses on economic growth through infrastructure and investment, enhanced
education and healthcare, and improved governance—emphasis on economic
diversification, education reform, and disaster resilience is one o fits strategies. Its
impact provides a roadmap for national development and guides policy-making to
achieve the envisioned future.
2. WHAT’S NEXT IN SCIENCE: LOOK OUT FOR THESE IN 2023
Key scientific advancements in 2023 include developments in artificial intelligence,
healthcare innovations, and sustainability technologies.
For instance, artificial intelligence its significant progress in machine learning and
automation is expected to impact various industries. Healthcare: New treatments and
technologies, including telehealth and personalized medicine, are anticipated.
Sustainability: Innovations aimed at combating climate change and promoting
environmental conservation. These trends are likely to drive economic growth and
improve the quality of life globally.
3. PHILIPPINES LAGS IN NATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL STRENGTH LIST
The Philippines current status has fallen in global rankings for technological strength,
highlighting deficiencies in technological development. One of its factors is insufficient
investment in R&D and a shortage of skilled professionals contribute to this [Link]
country dropped by seven positions in the Global Finance list. Limited technological
advancement can hinder economic competitiveness and [Link] is a need for
increased funding and strategic investment in technology and education.
4. THE NATION’S FUTURE LIES IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION
Innovation, science, and technology are essential to the future growth and development
of the economy of the Philippines. Proponents of increased R&D spending, improved
cross-sector collaboration, and innovation promotion can serve as growth points of
focus. Global competitiveness and economic diversification can be fueled by
Scholarship programs it encourages students to study here to pool students who can be
a future innovators in our land, the creation of laws that will help students study is a
strong innovation grow thus increases the possibility of sustainable economic growth
leading younger children to hook up with STEM strand.
5. BRINGING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION TO THE FOREFRONT
OF PHILIPPINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Its approach focuses on developing innovation ecosystems and fostering partnerships
between government, industry, and academia. Promote economic growth through
technology-driven sectors and enhance global competitiveness is its goals its
encourage support for startups and technological advancements. Enhance funding for
technology and create supportive environments for innovation aims to leverage STI for
significant economic and social benefits.
6. CHALLENGES OF GLOBALIZATION TO FILIPINO FAMILIES (2007)
Economic Pressure: For many Filipino families, globalization has made financial gaps
worse by limiting their access to and affordability of basic necessities. Traditional values
and family dynamics can be upset by quick changes in culture and influences.
Additionally, it promotes consumerism and could put a strain on finances, especially for
lower-class families. The global economic system has resulted in increased income
inequality and social challenges. To counteract the negative effects of globalization,
social safety nets and support systems should be strengthened.
7. GLOBALIZATION AND NATION-BUILDING IN THE PHILIPPINES
Managing the various effects of globalization on society presents difficulties for the
Philippines. Both unity in society and economic inequality are impacted by globalization.
It is extremely difficult to manage the effects of globalization in the context of a diverse
population; to address the complexities of globalization, inclusive policies and better
governance are required. Strive for a balance between social stability, national
development, and global integration.
8. DOST BALIK SCIENTIST PROGRAM AND DOST 20 IN 2020
Designed to attract Filipino scientists abroad to return and contribute to local R&D
efforts. Enriches domestic research with international expertise and supports
technological advancement. DOST 20 in 2020: Highlights significant technological
projects and innovations supported by the Department of Science and Technology. It
emphasizes addressing national needs and enhancing local R&D capabilities. Its
outcome supports technological development and fosters innovation to meet the
country's needs.
Task 3. Read about the 4 topics below and answer the following
guide questions:
1. What happened to the science and technology of the Philippines during each of
the following periods? What were the developments in terms of science and
technology?
• Pre-Colonial Period
• Colonial Period
• Post-Colonial Period
2. What about at present? What are the developments in the Philippine society in
terms of Science and Technology?
3. What is the situation of the Science and Technology in the Philippines now?
4. Are we heading towards the achievement of our agenda, the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG)and vision “AmBisyon Natin 2040”?
Developments in Science and Technology during Different Periods
Pre-Colonial Period
During the pre-colonial period, the Philippines had a rich tradition of indigenous science
and technology. The early inhabitants developed advanced techniques in agriculture,
including rice terraces in the Cordilleras, which are still admired for their ingenuity. They
utilized herbal medicine, practiced metallurgy (notably gold and iron work), and had
sophisticated navigational skills for maritime activities. Their knowledge of astronomy
was reflected in their calendars and agricultural practices.
Colonial Period
Spanish Period (1565–1898): The Spanish colonial rule saw the introduction of
European technologies and scientific methods. Missionaries and colonizers brought
new agricultural practices, tools, and educational systems. However, scientific and
technological development was limited and mainly focused on serving the interests of
the colonial government. The establishment of institutions like the University of Santo
Tomas in 1611 marked the beginning of formal higher education in science and
technology.
American Occupation (1898–1946): The American period brought significant changes.
The introduction of modern education and scientific research institutions helped
advance the field. The Philippine Normal School (now the Philippine Normal University)
was established, and scientific research in agriculture, public health, and engineering
began to develop. The introduction of the public health system led to improvements in
sanitation and disease control.
Post-Colonial Period
The War Years (1941–1945): World War II had a devastating impact on the Philippines'
scientific and technological infrastructure. Many research facilities and educational
institutions were damaged or destroyed, which hindered progress during and
immediately after the war.
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Period – Manuel Roxas (1946–1948): Post-war
reconstruction focused on rebuilding the nation’s infrastructure, including educational
and scientific institutions. Efforts were made to re-establish research facilities and
promote technological development.
Post-War S&T Development:
The Quirino Administration (1948–1953): The government prioritized rebuilding and
modernizing the country’s infrastructure, including advancements in agriculture and
industrial sectors.
The Magsaysay Administration (1953–1957): Focused on agricultural reforms and rural
development. Scientific advancements in farming techniques and the introduction of
new crop varieties were significant.
The Garcia Administration (1957–1961): Emphasized self-reliance and technological
development. Efforts were made to promote local industries and reduce dependency on
foreign technology.
The Macapagal Administration (1961–1965): Saw increased investment in education
and technological research. The establishment of the National Science Development
Board (NSDB) in 1958 marked a significant step in promoting science and technology.
2. Present Developments in Science and Technology
Currently, the Philippines is making strides in various fields of science and technology.
Key developments include:
Digital Transformation: Growth in the IT and digital sectors, with increased use of digital
platforms and services.
Research and Development (R&D): The government and private sector are investing in
R&D, focusing on agriculture, healthcare, and environmental science.
Education: Strengthening STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)
education to develop a skilled workforce.
Innovation: Initiatives to promote innovation through government agencies like the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and various innovation hubs.
3. Current Situation of Science and Technology in the Philippines
The current situation of science and technology in the Philippines reflects a mix of
progress and challenges.
Strengths: Growth in digital infrastructure, increasing investments in R&D, and active
participation in international scientific communities.
Challenges: Issues such as insufficient funding, inadequate infrastructure, and the need
for more comprehensive policy support.
4. Progress Toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and "AmBisyon Natin
2040"
The Philippines is making efforts to align its science and technology policies with the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the vision “AmBisyon Natin 2040.”
Sustainable Development Goals: The government has integrated SDGs into national
policies and development plans, aiming to address issues such as poverty, inequality,
and climate change through science and technology.
AmBisyon Natin 2040: The vision focuses on improving the quality of life and achieving
long-term, sustainable development. The current plans emphasize innovation,
technological advancement, and infrastructure development as key components of
achieving this vision.