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Dimensional Analysis Answer Key

The document presents a series of problems related to dimensional analysis and the van der Waals equation of state, including questions about the dimensional formulas of various constants. It also outlines the limitations of dimensional analysis, such as the inability to uniquely identify physical quantities with the same dimensions and the restriction on deriving certain equations. Overall, it emphasizes the utility and constraints of dimensional analysis in physics.

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Aayush Banik
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
6 views3 pages

Dimensional Analysis Answer Key

The document presents a series of problems related to dimensional analysis and the van der Waals equation of state, including questions about the dimensional formulas of various constants. It also outlines the limitations of dimensional analysis, such as the inability to uniquely identify physical quantities with the same dimensions and the restriction on deriving certain equations. Overall, it emphasizes the utility and constraints of dimensional analysis in physics.

Uploaded by

Aayush Banik
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1. (2) 2. (4) 3. (3) 4. (4) 5.

(3)
6. (4) 7. (4) 8. (3) 9. (3) 10. (4)
11. (2) 12. (4) 13. (2) 14. (4) 15. (4)
16. (3) 17. (2) 18. (4) 19. (3) 20. (4)
21. (2) 22. (4) 23. (1) 24. (2) 25. (2)
26. (4) 27. (4) 28. (4) 29. (1) 36. (3)
ANSWER KEY: 31. (4) 32. (2) 33. (2) 34. (1) 35. (2)
36. (4) 37. (1) 38, (3) 39. (1) 40. (4)
41. (2) 42. (4) 43. (4) 44. (3) 45. (4)
46. (4) 47. (1) 48. (4) 49. (4) 50. (4)
51. (4) 52. (4) 53, (4)

SOME MORE PROBLEMS:

(A)
𝛼
In the relation 𝑃 = 𝛽 𝑒 −𝛼𝑍/𝐾𝑒 , 𝑃 is the pressure, 𝑍 is the distance, 𝐾 is the Boltzmann constant
and 𝛼 is the temperature. The dimensional formula of 𝛽 will be:
(1) [𝑀0 𝐿2 𝑇 0 ]
(2) [𝑀1 𝐿2 𝑇1 ]
(3) [𝑀1 𝐿0 𝑇 −1 ]
(4) [𝑀0 𝐿2 𝑇 −1 ]

(B)
𝑎
The van der Waals' equation of state for some gases can be expressed as: (𝑃 + 2 ) (𝑉 − 𝑏) =
𝑉
𝑅𝑇

where 𝑃 is the pressure, 𝑉 is the molar volume, and 𝑇 is the absolute temperature of the
given sample of gas and 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑅 are constants. Q1 to Q4 are Connected to the Vander
walls equation

1 The dimensions of 𝑎 are


(1) 𝑀𝐿5 𝑇 −2
(2) 𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −2
(3) 𝐿3
(4) 𝐿6
2 The dimensions of constant 𝑏 are
(1) 𝑀𝐿5 𝑇 −2
(2) 𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −2
(3) 𝐿3
(4) 𝐿6
3 Which of the following does not have the same dimensional formula as that for 𝑅𝑇 ?
(1) 𝑃𝑉
(2) Pb
𝑎
(3)
𝑉2
𝑎𝑏
(4) 𝑉 2
4 The dimensional representation of 𝑎𝑏/𝑅𝑇 is
(1) 𝑀𝐿5 𝑇 −2
(2) 𝑀0 𝐿3 𝑇 0
(3) 𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −2
(4) None of these
𝑥
5 If 𝑦 = 𝑎3 sin−1 ⁡ (𝑏 − 1), where 𝑦 is in metre. Then,
1
(1) the dimensions of 𝑎 is [𝑀0 𝐿3 𝑇 0 ]
𝑥
(2) the unit of sin−1 ⁡ ( − 1) is radian
𝑏
(3) the dimensions of 𝑥 are same as those of 𝑏
(4) the unit of 𝑎 is metre
𝐶
6 The speed of a particle depends on the time 𝑡 as 𝑣 = √𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝑡 + 𝐷+𝑡: Then,

(1) 𝐴 represents distance (2) 𝐵 represents acceleration


(3) 𝐶 represents distance (4) 𝐷 represents time

LIMITATION OF DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS


Although dimensional analysis is very useful, it cannot lead us too far due to the following
reasons:

1 If dimensions are given, physical quantity may not be unique as many physical
quantities have same dimensions. For example, if the dimensional formula of a
physical quantity is [𝑀𝐿2 𝑇 −2 ], it may be work or energy or torque.
2 Numerical constant having no dimensions [𝐾] such as (1/2),1,2𝜋, etc., cannot be
deduced by the methods of dimensions.
3 The method of dimensions cannot be used to derive relations other than the product
of power functions. For example,
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + (1/2)𝑎𝑡 2 , or 𝑦 = 𝑎sin⁡ 𝜔𝑡

cannot be derived by using this theory (try if you can). However, the dimensional correctness
of these can be checked:

4. The method of dimensions cannot be applied to derive formula if in mechanics a physical


quantity depends on more than three physical quantities as then there will be less number (=
3) of equations than the unknowns (> 3). However, still, we can check the correctness of the
given equation dimensionally. For example, 𝑇 = 2𝜋√1/𝑚𝑔𝑙 cannot be derived by theory of
dimensions but its dimensional correctness can be checked.

5. Even if a physical quantity depends on three physical quantities, out of which two have
same dimensions, the formula cannot be derived by the theory of dimensions, e.g., formula
for the frequency of a tuning fork 𝑓 = (𝑑/𝐿2 ) 𝑣 cannot be derived by the theory of dimensions
but can be checked.

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