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Modifier
What is a modifier?
A modifier is a word/phrase/clause which modifies other words in a sentence.
Example:
Shuvo always wears black t-shirts.
এখানে ‘t-shirt’-কে modify করা হয়েছে ‘black’ color দিয়ে।
Modifier এর প্রকারভেদ
Modifier ২ প্রকার:
Pre-modifier:
Pre-modifiers are the modifiers that modify the words that follow them in the sentence.
Example:
He is a good boy.
Post-modifier:
Post-modifiers are the modifiers which come after the words they modify.
Example:
You are a good student indeed.
প্রশ্ন যেভাবে আসবে
Example:
The ________ ( use a present participle) birds of Saint Martin Island looks Amazing.
Modifiers Rules
Rule-01: Premodify the noun = Adjective
( wonderful, beautiful, great, famous etc.)
Example:
i. Kazi Nazrul Islam was a ______ ( Premodify the noun) poet.
ii. Cox’s Bazar is really a _______ (Premodify the noun) place.
Rule -02: Present participle = verb + ing
( growing, playing, reading)
Example:
i. _______ ( use a present participle) my MBA, I will get into a job.
Rule-03: Past participle = V3
( Broken, written, done)
Example.
i. I need a book which is _______ ( use a past participle) about geopolitics.
Rule-04: Use an Article=a,an,the
Example:
i. ______ ( use an article ) boy who got GPA-5 is my student.
Rule-05: Use a Demonstrative =(This,these,that,those,some)
Example:
i. He has _______ ( use a demonstrative) quality from childhood.
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ii. _____ ( use a demonstrative) lovely sea birds are unforgettable.
Rule-06: Use an intensifier = very,fuly, enough
Example:
i. She worked _______ (use an intensifier) hard his early life
Rule-07: Use a quantifier = one,two,three,many ,several,a lot,a little
Example:
i. I have bought _____ ( use a quantifier) books yesterday from the book Fair.
Rule-08: Use a possessive = my,our, your,his,her,their,it’s.
Example:
i. In _____ ( use a possessive ) country people always lend to break the rule.
Rule-09: Use an infinitive = to+V1
( to go,to stop,to write )
Example:
i. Some proper steps should be taken _____ (use an intensifier) corruption.
Rule-10: Post modify the verb= Adverb
( slowly, quickly, properly)
Example:
i. You have to study _____ ( post modify the verb) to get a good grade.
ii. Work _____ ( post modify the verb) , until you are successful.
Rule-11: Appositive= (Extra idea about Noun)
যখন দু'টি Noun পাশাপাশি বসে একই ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বুঝায় তখন দ্বিতীয় Noun-টিকে প্রথম
Noun-এর Appositive
বলে।
Example:
i) Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, ( use an appositive) is a big city.
ii) Bangladesh, a land of rivers, ( use an appositive) is our homeland.
iii) Jahid, my best friend, ( use an appositive) is very attentive to his study.
Rule -12: Noun adjective= noun+noun
(Dhaka City, Bangladesh Bank, School Bus, College Dress.)
যখন একটি Noun অন্য একটি Noun এর পূর্বে এবং ১ম Noun টি একটি Adjective হিসেবে কাজ করে, এই
Noun কে Noun Adjective বলা হয়।
Example:
i. Leonel Messi is a __________ ( use a noun adjective) in 21st century.
Practice
1. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Arsenic is a (a) —– (pre-modify the noun) substance. It is (b) —– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the
adjective) dangerous for human health. (c) —– (use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) substance
is found in the water of the tubewell. There are (d) —– (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) villages
in (e) —– (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country. Most of our (f) —– (use a noun adjective to
pre-modify the noun) people drink tubewell water. As a result, many of them are suffering from arsenic
problem. This problem is (g) —– (pre-modify the verb) found in North Bengal. We should take proper
measures (h) —– (post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase). Government is trying to mark the
tubewells having arsenic (i) —– (use a participle to post-modify the verb) red colour. People should be
refrained from drinking water of (j) —– (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) tubewells.
Otherwise, they will suffer from arsenicosis.
2. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
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Deforestation means cutting down of trees (a) —– (post-modify the verb). To meet up the basic needs of
food and housing, trees are being cut in large scale and thus it causes (b) —– (pre-modify the noun)
imbalance. Besides, there are some dishonest people who cut trees in our forest (c) —– (use an infinitive
phrase to post-modify the verb). The (d) —– (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) level is
rising and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near future. New areas of the
world are (e) —– (use a participle to pre-modify the verb) turned into desert as a result of deforestation.
So, we must stop (f) —– (use a participle to post-modify the verb) down trees unnecessarily. (g) —– (use
a participle to pre-modify the noun) trees indiscriminately will be hazardous for our future existence. If
we destroy trees (h) —– (use an adverbial phrase to postmodify the verb) one day the country will turn
into a great desert. The (i) —– (use a participle to premodify the noun) temperature will cause green
house effect. Necessary measures should be taken (j) —– (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the
verb).
3. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Ayesha Begum has three sons and two daughters. Her husband was a (a) —– (pre-modify the noun)
farmer who used (b) —– (post-modify the verb by using infinitive) on other people’s land. With great
effort they married (c) —– (use a pronoun) daughters off by the time they reached teenage. The sons
also started (d) —– (use present participle to modify the verb) with their father as (e) —– (premodify the
noun) labourers when they were old enough to help. By the time they were seventeen, they left for towns
(f) —– (use infinitive to post-modify the verb) money. At first they used to send money to their parents
(g) —–, (use an adverb to post modify the verb) but after getting married they barely had enough to
support their (h) —– (pre-modify the noun) families. Out of desperation, Ayesha Begum started (i) —–
(post-modify the verb) in the village to feed her old, (j) —– (pre-modify the noun) husband and herself.
4. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
A village doctor is a very (a) —– (pre-modify the noun) person in the rural areas of Bangladesh. He is
(b) —– (pre-modify the verb) known as quack. A village doctor is not a (c) —– (pre-modify the noun)
doctor. He usually sits in a small dispensary (d) —– (post modify the verb). He treats the patients (e) —–
(use a participle phrase to post-modify the verb). A village doctor is not a (f) —– (pre-modify the noun)
man. His chamber is (g) —– (pre-modify the verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicine to (h)
—– (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country, the number of qualified doctors is (i) —– (use an
intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a village doctor is a great friend to the (j) —– (pre-
modify the noun) villagers.
5. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
A balanced diet is a good mixture of (a) —— (pre-modify the noun) foods. It is essential for us (b) ——
(post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) a healthy life. There are many benefits of eating a (c) ——
(pre-modify the noun) diet because it prevents (d) —— (use determiner to pre-modify the noun)
diseases. As a result we do not get sick (e) —— (post-modify the verb with an adverb). We should select
(f) —— (pre-modify the noun with possessive) diet according to our needs. We should not eat the (g)
—— (use adjective to pre-modify the noun) foods for the whole week. We can keep fit (h) —– (use a
participle) a balanced diet. But it is not easy (i) —– (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) a
balanced diet. Here (j) —— (use a determiner) nutritionist can help us.
6. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
The people of Bangladesh have expressed their shock (a) —– (post-modify the verb) at the reaction of
the Pakistan Parliament. Pakistan strongly protested the execution of two (b) —– (pre-modify the noun)
collaborators who committed crimes against humanity on their own people in 1971. There is a demand
for apology from (c) —– (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) government for the crimes of its
army during the liberation war of Bangladesh. Recently Pakistan’s National Assembly may be within its
rights (d) —– (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb) for the execution of two collaborators.
But it is quite clear to us that Pakistan always tries to erase its past history. To erase (e) —– (use a
demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) history is not easy because history continues to follow all of us.
Pakistan, (f) —– (post-modify the noun with an appositive), cannot come out of its military influence. As
a result, the country has become (g) —– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) barbarous. So,
Pakistan is going down (h) —– (use an adverb to postmodify the verb). The founder of Pakistan Mr.
Jinnah was physically (i) —– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) weak and so, the state
always tried to show its physical strength since (j) —– (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) birth.
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7. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali literature. He was a (a) —– (pre-modify the noun)
poet. He wrote (b) —– (post-modify the verb) in every branch of Bengali Literature. Nazrul, (c) —– (use
an appositive), won the attention of everyone in his early childhood. He wrote ceaselessly until the death
of (d) —– (use possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed his songs (e) —– (use an infinitive phrase
to post-modify the verb). His songs are (f) —– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious.
He enriched the Bengali literature (g) —– (use an adverb to pre-modify the verb). His literary works
have enriched (h) —– (use a noun adjective) literature. He was (i) —– (use an article) secular poet. He
sang the songs of equality (j) —– (use an adverbial phrase).
8. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Raja, (a) —– (post-modify the noun with an appositive), is known to his classmates as a good student. He
has (b) —– (use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) good qualities. He knows that the (c) —– (use an
adjective to pre-modify the noun) duty of a student is to study and he never neglects (d) —– (use a
demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) duty. He prepares (e) —– (use possessive to pre-modify the noun)
lessons regularly. He maintains discipline. He knows the value of time. He gets up (f) —– (post-modify
the verb with an adverb) so that he can get enough time to study. He goes to school (g) —– (post-modify
the verb with an adverb). He never wastes a (h) —– (use determiner to pre-modify the noun) moment in
vain. Raja is (i) —– (pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) gentle. He always obeys his parents
and teachers. He never mixes with (j) —– (pre-modify the noun) boys. A student like Raja is a great
asset of a nation.
9. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Sabbir is (a) —– (use determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) ideal student. He prepares (b) —– (use
possessive to pre-modify the noun) lessons in collaboration with his teachers. He does (c) —– (post-
modify the verb) in every examination as he does not waste time. He knows time once lost is lost for ever.
So, he utilizes every moment. During his free time he goes to his native village. He teaches (d) —– (pre-
modify the noun) people. He wants (e) —– (use an infinitive phrase to postmodify the verb) illiteracy
from his village. (f) —– (use present participle to pre-modify the verb) illiteracy from his village, he
wants to bring about massive development there. He is (g) —– (use an intensifier to pre-modify the
adjective) devoted to God. He says prayer (h) —– (use quantifier to premodify the noun) times a day. He
never tells a lie. He respects his parents very much. Other superiors are also respected by him. His
father, (i) —– (post-modify the noun phrase with an appositive) supports him cordially. His mother, an
ideal housewife, (j) —– (pre-modify the verb) supports him very much. Such a student like Sabbir is
rarely found nowadays.
10. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Television has become the most common and (a) —– (pre-modify the noun) source of entertainment of
the (b) —– (pre-modify the noun) world. A wide range of programs of (c) —– (pre-modify the adjective)
interest is telecast on (d) —– (use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) channels. Almost every middle class
and even working class families have a television set today. (e) —– (use a nounadjective to pre-modify
the noun) programs are (f) —– (pre-modify the adjective) entertaining. They can be (g) —– (pre-modify
the adjective) educative too. Courses (h) —– (post modify the noun) by the Open University are shown
on BTV. (i) —– (pre-modify the noun) channels like the Discovery Channel and the National Geographic
Channel telecast highly informative programs. However, watching TV has become (j) —– (use an
article) addiction for many.