Living in the IT Era Unit IV

variety in increasing volumes and growth of velocity. Big

data has a high return on investment that boosts the
Unit IV – LATEST TRENDS AND ISSUES IN INFORMATION
productivity of marketing campaigns, due to its ability to
TECHNOLOGY
enable high-functioning processing. Data mining is a way
I. LATEST TRENDS IN INFORMTION TECHNOLOGY companies can predict growth opportunities and achieve
future success. Examination of data to understand markets
Trends in information technology emerging in 2019 are new
and strategies is becoming more manageable with
and innovative ways for the industry to grow. These
advances in data analytic programs. This practice in
movements in information technology are the areas
information technology can be observed for its potential in
expected to generate revenue and increase demand for IT
data management positions for optimal organizations.
jobs. Pay attention to these technological changes and
Database maintenance is a growing sector of technology
unique products that enhance business operations.
careers. To convert various leads into paying customers, big
data is an essential trend to continue following in 2019.
CURRENT TRENDS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

d. Automation
a. Cloud Computing
Another current trend in the IT industry is automated
Cloud computing is a network of resources a company can
processes. Automated processes can collect information
access, and this method of using a digital drive increases
from vendors, customers, and other documentation.
the efficiency of organizations. Instead of local storage on
Automated processes that check invoices and other
computer hard drives, companies will be freeing their space
accounts-payable aspects expedite customer interactions.
and conserving funds. According to Forbes, 83 percent of
Machine processes can automate repetitive manual tasks,
enterprise workloads will be in the cloud by 2020, which
rather than assigning them to employees. This increases
means 2019 will show an increasing trend closing in on this
organization-wide productivity, allowing employees to use
statistic.
their valuable time wisely, rather than wasting it on tedious
work. Automation can even produce more job
b. Mobile Computing and Applications
opportunities for IT professionals trained in supporting,
Mobile phones, tablets, and other devices have taken both
programming, and developing automated processes.
the business world and the personal realm by storm.
Machine learning can enhance these automated processes
Mobile usage and the number of applications generated
for a continually developing system. Automated processes
have both skyrocketed in recent years. Now, 77 percent of
for the future will extend to groceries and other automatic
Americans own smartphones — a 35 percent increase since
payment methods to streamline the consumer
2011. Pew Research Center also shows using phones for
experience.
online use has increased and fewer individuals use
traditional Internet services like broadband. Experts project
EMERGING TRENDS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
mobile traffic to increase even further in 2019, and mobile
1. Artificial Intelligence and Smart Machines
applications, consumer capabilities, and payment options
According to
will be necessary for businesses. The fastest-growing
Encyclopedia,
companies have already established their mobile websites,
Artificial
marketing, and apps for maximized security and user-
intelligence (AI),
friendliness. Cloud apps are also available for companies to
is the ability of a
use for on-the-go capabilities.
digital computer
or computer-
c. Big Data Analytics
controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated
with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the
Big data is a trend that allows businesses to analyze
project of developing systems endowed with the
extensive sets of information to achieve
Living in the IT Era Unit IV

intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the the user’s movements and adjust the view on the screen
ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn accordingly, usually in real time (the instant the user’s
from experience. movement takes place). Thus, a user can tour a simulated
suite of rooms, experiencing changing viewpoints and
Artificial Intelligence, or AI, has already received a lot of perspectives that are convincingly related to his own head
buzz in recent years, but it continues to be trend to watch turnings and steps.
because its effects on how we live, work, and play are only
in the early stages. In addition, other branches of AI have 3. Augmented Reality
developed, including Machine Learning, which we will go
into below. AI refers to computer systems built to mimic Augmented
human intelligence and perform tasks such as recognition reality is a more
of images, speech or patterns, and decision making. AI can versatile and
do these tasks faster and more accurately than humans. practical version
of virtual reality,
Medical AI is another trend that reflects surprising success. as it does not
Given patient information and risk factors, AI systems can fully immerse
anticipate the outcome of treatment and even estimate the individuals in an experience. Augmented reality features
length of a hospital visit. Deep learning is one way AI interactive scenarios that enhance the real world with
technology gets applied to health records to find the images and sounds that create an altered experience.
likelihood of a patient’s recovery and even mortality.
Experts evaluate data to discover patterns in the patient’s 4. Blockchain Data
age, condition, records, and more. Blockchain data, like the new cryptocurrency Bitcoin, is a
secure method that will continue to grow in popularity and
Home AI systems are also increasingly popular to expedite use in 2019. This system allows you to input additional data
daily tasks like listening to tunes, asking for restaurant without changing, replacing, or deleting anything. In the
hours, getting directions, and even sending messages. influx of shared data systems like cloud storage and
Many problem-solving AI tools also help in the workplace, resources, protecting original data without losing
and the helpfulness of this technology will continue to important information is crucial.
progress in 2020. Blockchain in simple terms is a system of recording
information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to
2. Virtual Reality change, hack, or cheat the system. A blockchain is
Virtual reality (VR), essentially a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated
the use of computer and distributed across the entire network of computer
modeling and systems on the blockchain.
simulation that
enables a person to 5. Internet of Things
interact immerse The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging movement of
the user in a products with integrated Wi-Fi and network connectivity
computer-generated environment that simulates reality abilities. Cars, homes, appliances, and other products can
using interactive devices, which send and receive now connect to the Internet, making activities around the
information and are worn as goggles, headsets, gloves, or home and on the road an enhanced experience. Use of IoT
body suits. In a typical VR format, a user wearing a helmet allows people to turn on music hands-free with a simple
with a stereoscopic screen views animated images of a command, or lock and unlock their doors even from a
simulated environment. The illusion of “being there” distance. Many of these functions are helping organizations
(telepresence) is affected by motion sensors that pick up in customer interaction, responses, confirmations, and
Living in the IT Era Unit IV

payments. Remote collection of data assists companies the SOCIAL ISSUES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
most. IoT
almost acts like a digital personal assistant. The intelligent The growth in the availability of affordable computing
technology has caused several major shifts in the way that
features of some of these IoT products can aid in many
society operates. The majority of these have been for the
company procedures. Voice recognition and command better, with home computers and the internet providing
responses will allow you to access stored data on cloud unlimited access to all the information ever created and
services. IoT enriches the IT industry, especially in job discovered by humanity.
creation. Within the next few years, Io related careers will There are, however, some less positive social issues
increase, and there will be a need for 200,000 additional IT generated as a direct result of technological advances. In
the interests of balance, it is important to analyze these and
workers, according to IT Pro Today. Design,
assess the severity of their impact so that steps can be
troubleshooting, and support of IoT products need
taken to better understand and combat the negative
extensive training and a specific set of skills. effects.

6. 5G Communication Breakdown
5G is the 5th generation mobile network. It is a new global Socializing
wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G within a family
unit has always
enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect
been important,
virtually everyone and everything together including as it strengthens
machines, objects, and devices. the bonds
between us and
ISSUES AND TRENDS IN ICT ensures
cohesion within
INTRODUCTION the group. But with more and more households owning
several computers and numerous portable devices granting
Advances in information technology offer unprecedented access to information and entertainment, some argue that
opportunities as well as new challenges in the international this is leading to a lack of family communication.
exchange of scientific data. Rapid improvements have led
to ever greater computational speed, communication Defamation of Character
bandwidth, and storage capacity at costs within reach of
The only means of getting in touch with major corporations
even small—scale users—a trend that appears likely to
or famous people in the public eye prior to the advent of
continue well into the future. Moreover, technical advances
digital
in satellites, sensors, robotics, and fiber-optic and wireless
communication
telecommunications are extending the range of
was via a stiffly
technologies affecting the acquisition, refinement, analysis,
written letter.
transmission, and sharing of scientific data.
This was, of
In this module, you will examine some of the concerns that course,
rapid changes and growing reliance on information accessible only
technology have raised with respect to the exchange of to the intended
scientific data recipient and thus a very private way for the disgruntled to
vent their spleen. But first message boards and now social
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
media services like Facebook and Twitter are being used to
At the end of the session, you will be able to: defame people and businesses in an intrinsically public
manner.
1. Discourse the different emerging trends and issues in ICT.
2. Explain the status of current trends and issues in ICT. Identity Theft
3. Definite realization on the issues and trends in ICT.
Living in the IT Era Unit IV

Fraud is another The educational

spurious activity that properties of computers
has been able to evolve are well known and
in the wake of easily universally lauded but
accessible computers having all the
and the internet. information in existence
on tap has its own
issues.
Cyber Bullying
In particular, the practice of plagiarism has become a major
As with the defamation problem, as students can simply copy and paste whole
of public figures, the chunks of text from online sources without attributing the
internet and computers work to anyone else. This has become the bane of
have also made it easier educational institutions, which h tend to come down hard
for spiteful people to on detected plagiarists to discourage similar activities from
attack people they others.
know personally as well
Terrorism & Crime
as perfect strangers via the anonymous platforms that are
available to them. Computers have been
a positive force in
Gaming Addiction
allowing for the
Whilst computers and creation of global
the internet have made it movements and
easier for gambling righteous activism in
addicts to get their fix, a several forms.
new type of addiction has
also arisen, in the form of
addiction to videogames.
References: References
This is something that can impact people of all ages and
• [Link]
leads inevitably to several problems, from the social to the
on/Internet-of-Things-IoT
financial • [Link]
Privacy things/
• [Link]
Whilst high profile cases of 3/simple-explanation-internet-thingsthat-
online identity theft and • anyone-can-understand/#16d8137b1d09
fraud should have caused • [Link]
people to become more in-information-technology-for-2019/
careful about how they • [Link]
use their personal and-jobs-article
• [Link]
information, issues of
• [Link]
privacy and a lack of appreciation for the risks are still
[Link]
widespread
• [Link]
Education
LIVING IN THE IT ERA MODULE 3

THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
• Explore the current breakthrough technologies and disruptive innovations that have emerged over the
past few years.
• Identify and analyze various emerging technologies.
• Explore the evolution of the internet.
• Identify and understand the different uses of internet in today’s generation.
• Discuss the fundamental terms and definitions used in the internet.

Lesson 1: The Web

The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages containing text and
graphic images. The World Wide Web is larger collection of interconnected documents or content. It
contains hypertext links or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information. A
collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web site. The main page
that all of the pages on a particular Website are organized around and link back to is called the site’s
home page. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA FBCS, is an English engineer and
computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He is a Professorial Fellow of
Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.

A. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

Web 1.0 refers to the early days of the World Wide Web, characterized by static websites with
basic text and images. During this era, which spanned roughly from the early 1990s to the early 2000s,
websites were primarily informational, serving as online brochures or catalogs. Interactivity was limited,
and users were mainly passive consumers of content. Websites were typically created using HTML and
displayed using web browsers like Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer. E-commerce was in its
infancy and social media as we know it today did not exist yet.

• Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.

• Dividing the World Wide Web into usable directories
• It means web is use as “Information Portal”
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”

B. Web 2.0 (Read-write interactive web)

A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing
emphasis on human collaboration.
• It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data.
• This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
• People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites.
LIVING IN THE IT ERA MODULE 3

• Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just reading a page, the
user may be able to comment or create a user account. Dynamic page refers to the web pages that are
affected by user input or preference.
• Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via social media,
blogging and Web-based communities

Example of Web 2.0 are the following:

A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected with friends,
family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can have a social purpose, a business
purpose, or both, through sites such as:
Example: Pinterest
Facebook Tumblr
Twitter Instagram
LinkedIn Page
Google+

B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide Web consisting of
discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in reverse
chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web page.
Example:
Wordpress
Blogger
Tumbler

C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience directly
using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope of the project and
may be either open to the public or limited to use within an organization for maintaining its internal
knowledge base.
Example:
Wikipedia Wiktionary Wikinews
Wikibooks Wikiquote Wikispecies
Wikiversity Wikivoyage MediaWiki
Commons Wikidata

D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video clips with the public at
large or to invited guests.
Example:
Youtube LinkedIn Dailymotion
Facebook Flickr VimeoPRO
LinkedIn Photobucket [Link]
Flickr Twitter Metacafe
Photobucket Veoh
LIVING IN THE IT ERA MODULE 3

Key Features of Web 2.0:

• Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g. tagging).
• Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An example would be a
website that shows local content.
• User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put content. Others are
able to place content on their own by means of comments, reviews, and evaluation.
• Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This is synonymous to
subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent on Internet or a data plan
that charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.

C. Web 3.0: (Semantic Web)

• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation of the web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with more features. It applies
same principles as Web 2.0: two-way interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web technologies, distributed
databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning and autonomous agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to deliver web content
specifically targeting the user.
• Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the system rather than humans

Types of websites:
a. eCommerce Website
A website people can directly buy products from you’ve probably used a number of eCommerce
websites before, most big brands and plenty of smaller ones
b. Business Website
These are Website that’s devoted to representing a specific business. It should be branded like
the business (the same logo and positioning) and communicate the types of products and/or services
the business offers
c. Entertainment Website
If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably think of a few websites that
you visit purely for entertainment purposes.
d. Portfolio Website
These are websites that are devoted to showing examples of past work. Service providers who
want to show potential clients the quality of the work they provide can use a portfolio website
to collect some of the best samples of past work they’ve done. This type of website is simpler to
build than a business website and more focused on a particular task: collecting work samples.
e. Media Website
It is a website that primarily focuses on delivering news, information, entertainment, or other
forms of media content to its audience. These websites are typically operated by media
organizations such as newspapers, magazines, television networks, radio stations, and online
news outlets.
f. Brochure Website
LIVING IN THE IT ERA MODULE 3

Is a type of website that is similar to a printed brochure or flyer. It typically contains static
information about a company, organization, product, or service. Brochure websites are designed
to provide basic information to visitors, such as contact details, company history, product
descriptions, and service offerings.
g. Non-profit Website
In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online presence, nonprofits do as
well. A nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential donors to make donations and
will be the first place many people look to learn more about a non-profit and determine if they
want to support it.
h. Educational Website
The websites of educational institutions and those offering online courses fall into the category
of educational websites. These websites have the primary goal of either providing educational
materials to visitors or providing information on an educational institution to them.
i. Infopreneur Website
It is a type of website created by an infopreneur, a person who sells information-based products
or services. Infopreneurs are entrepreneurs who specialize in creating and selling information
products such as e-books, online courses, tutorials, and other digital content.
j. Personal Website
A personal website is a website created by an individual to share information about themselves,
their interests, work, or personal projects. Personal websites are often used to showcase a
person's portfolio, blog about their experiences or expertise, or simply provide a platform for
self-expression and online presence.
k. Web Portal
Are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization, or institution.
They collect information in different formats from different sources into one place to make all
relevant information accessible to the people who need to see it. They often involve a login and
personalized views for different users that ensure the information that’s accessible is most
useful to their particular needs.
l. Wiki or Community Forum Website
Most people are familiar with wikis through the most famous example of one out there:
Wikipedia. But wikis can be created on pretty much any subject you can imagine. A wiki is any
website where various users are able to collaborate on content and all make their own tweaks
and changes as they see fit. There are wikis for fan communities, for business resources, and for
collecting valuable information sources

Lesson 2: The Internet

The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world that connects
billions of computer users. The word internet comes from combination between “interconnection” and
“network”. Network is a collection of computers and devices connected via communication channels
and transmission media allow sharing resources (hardware, software, data, and information). Generally,
nobody owns the internet.
LIVING IN THE IT ERA MODULE 3

A. Brief History of Internet ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an
experimental computer network. Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation to every
computer in the network. Even if one or two nodes are destroyed, it will not affect the entire network.
In 1982 the word internet started. 1986 – First “free net” created in Case Western Reserve University
1991: US government allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all people can connect to
the internet and improve their life and work quality. The internet supports various aspects in our life.
Vinton Gray Cerf is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the
Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.

B. Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program and it’s user.

Types of Servers
Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business logic for an application program.
Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.
Proxy Server – is software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device, such as computer
and another server from which a user is requesting.
Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and remote senders and
forward outgoing e-mail for delivery
File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data files so that other
computer on the same network can access them.
Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that provides authorization services
and facilities tracking and control of files.

2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device. This provides identity to
a network device. 3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look information on the
web. Example of browsers: Google chrome, safari, internet explorer, opera, Mozilla

4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access information online through
domain names. Example of DNS: [Link], [Link],[Link]

Name Entity
.com Commercial
.org Organization
.net Network
.edu Education
.gov National and State Government Agencies
.ph Philippines

5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for accessing, using or
participating in the internet.
Two types of ISP:
National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic area.
LIVING IN THE IT ERA MODULE 3

Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and towns nationwide. Example of ISP: Sky
Broadband, PLDT, Converge

C. Uses of Internet

D. Internet Terms and Definition

1. Internet - A global network of millions of computer networks linked by data lines and wireless
systems.
2. Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browse
3. Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online
4. Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and videos
5. Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over the Internet
6. Software updates – operating system and application updates can typically downloaded from
the Internet
7. HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser how to place
pictures, text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user clicks on a link within a
web page, that link, which is coded with HTML, links the user to a specific linked web page.
8. URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote resource on the
world wide web.
9. Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a bit or 0 is a bit.
10. Byte - generally consists of eight bits. • Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your
computer to another computer.
11. Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer to your computer.
12. HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication standard of web
pages. When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work correctly in a
web browser.
LIVING IN THE IT ERA MODULE 3

13. HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates that the web page
has a special layer of encryption added to hide your personal information and passwords from
others.
14. Router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the traffic cop for
network signals arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A router can be wired or
wireless or both.
15. Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from eavesdroppers.
Encryption uses complex math formulas to turn private data into meaningless gobbledygook
that only trusted readers can unscramble.
16. Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent agents) used on the
Internet. Such bots perform a repetitive function, such as posting messages to multiple
newsgroups or doing searches for information.
17. Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www browser users
search for information on the web by using keywords, phrases

References:
Abraham, R., Jas, F., Russell, W. (2005) The Web Empowerment Book: An Introduction and Connection
Guide to the Internet and the World-Wide Web. Springer-Verlag New York

Evolution of the web retrieved from [Link]

evolution-of-the-web-and-its-various-challenges

Types of websites retrieved from [Link]

Subhash Basishtha Web 1.0 to Web 3.0 – Evolution of the Web and its Various Challenges. Retrieved
from [Link]
challenges
Living in the IT Era Unit VI
a wider market with low overheads, and buyers
to compare prices, read reviews, and choose
Unit VI. Applications of ICT (Computers) in
delivery preferences. They can be used for
Our Daily Lives
direct trading and advertising too, using sites
1. Business. such as eBay, Craigslist, or local listings on
social media or independent websites.
Almost every business uses computers
nowadays. They can be employed to store and 5. Government.
maintain accounts, personnel records,
Various government departments use
manage projects, track inventory, create
computers to improve the quality and
presentations and reports. They enable
efficiency of their services. Examples include
communication with people both within and
city planning, law enforcement, traffic, and
outside the business, using various
tourism. Computers can be used to store
technologies, including e-mail. They can be
information, promote services, and
used to promote the business and enable
communicate internally and externally, as well
direct interaction with customers.
as for routine administrative purposes
2. Education.
6. Marketing.
Computers can be used to give learners audio-
Computers enable marketing campaigns to be
visual packages, interactive exercises, and
more precise through the analysis and
remote learning, including tutoring over the
manipulation of data. They facilitate the
internet. They can be used to access
creation of websites and promotional
educational information from intranet and
materials. They can be used to generate social
internet sources, or via e-books. They can be
media campaigns. They enable direct
used to maintain and monitor student
communication with customers through email
performance, including through the use of
and online chat.
online examinations, as well as to create
projects and assignments.

3. Healthcare. 7. Science.

Healthcare continues to be revolutionized by Scientists were one of the first groups to adopt
computers. As well as digitized medical computers as a work tool. In science,
information making it easier to store and computers can be used for research, sharing
access patient data, complex information can information with other specialists both locally
also be analyzed by software to aid discovery of and internationally, as well as collecting,
diagnoses, as well as search for risks of categorizing, analyzing, and storing data.
diseases. Computers control lab equipment, Computers also play a vital role in launching,
heart rate monitors, and blood pressure controlling, and maintaining space craft, as
monitors. They enable doctors to have greater well as operating other advanced technology.
access to information on the latest drugs, as
8. Publishing.
well as the ability to share information on
diseases with other medical specialists. Computers can be used to design pretty much
any type of publication. These might include
4. 4. Retail and Trade.
newsletters, marketing materials, fashion
Computers can be used to buy and sell magazines, novels, or newspapers. Computers
products online - this enables sellers to reach are used in the publishing of both hard-copy
Living in the IT Era Unit VI
and e-books. They are also used to market systems, and increasingly to drive, fly, or steer.
publications and track sales. They can also highlight problems that require
attention, such as low fuel levels, oil changes,
9. Arts and Entertainment.
or a failing mechanical part. Computers can be
Computers are now used in virtually every used to customize settings for individuals, for
branch of the arts, as well as in the wider example, seat setup, air-conditioning
entertainment industry. Computers can be temperatures.
used to create drawings, graphic designs, and
13. Navigation. Navigation has become
paintings. They can be used to edit, copy, send,
increasingly computerized, especially since
and print photographs. They can be used by
computer technology has been combined with
writers to create and edit. They can be used to
GPS technology. Computers combined with
make, record, edit, play, and listen to music.
satellites mean that it's now easy to pinpoint
They can be used to capture, edit and watch
your exact location, know which way that you
videos. They can be used for playing games.
are moving on a map and have a good idea of
10. Communication. amenities and places of interest around you.

Computers have made real-time 14. Working from Home.

communication over the internet easy, thanks
Computers have made working from home and
to software and videoconferencing services
other forms of remote working increasingly
such as Skype. Families can connect with
common. Workers can access necessary data,
audio and video, businesses can hold meetings
communicate, and share information without
between remote participants, and news
commuting to a traditional office. Managers are
organizations can interview people without the
able to monitor workers' productivity remotely.
need for a film crew. Modern computers
usually have microphones and webcams built- 15. Military.
in nowadays to facilitate software like Skype.
Computers are used extensively by the military.
Older communications technologies such as
They are used for training purposes. They are
email are also still used widely.
used for analyzing intelligence data. They are
11. Banking and Finance. used to control smart technology, such as
guided missiles and drones, as well as for
Most banking in advanced countries now takes
tracking incoming missiles and destroying
place online. You can use computers to check
them. They work with other technologies such
your account balance, transfer money, or pay
as satellites to provide geospatial information
off credit cards. You can also use computer
and analysis. They aid communications. They
technology to access information on stock
help tanks and planes to target enemy forces.
markets, trade stocks, and manage
investments. Banks store customer account 16. Social and Romance.
data, as well as detailed information on
Computers have opened up many ways of
customer behavior which is used to streamline
socializing that didn't previously exist. Social
marketing.
media enables people to chat in text or audio in
12. Transport. real time across large distances, as well as
exchange photographs, videos, and memes.
Road vehicles, trains, planes, and boats are
Dating sites and apps help people to find
increasingly automated with computers being
romance. Online groups help people to
used to maintain safety and navigation
connect with others who have similar interests.
Living in the IT Era Unit VI
Blogs enable people to post a variety of views, engineering to produce machines that can
updates, and experiences. Online forums either replace humans, or do specific jobs that
enable discussions between people on humans are unable to do. One of the first uses
specialist or general topics. of robotics was in manufacturing to build cars.
Since then, robots have been developed to
17. Booking Vacations.
explore areas where conditions are too harsh
Computers can be used by travelers to study for humans, to help law enforcement, to help
timetables, examine route options, and buy the military, and to assist healthcare
plane, train, or bus tickets. They can be used to professionals.
explore and book accommodation, whether
traditional hotels, or through newer services,
such as Air BnB. Guided tours, excursions,
events, and trips can also be explored and
booked online using computers.

18. Security and Surveillance.

Computers are increasingly being combined

with other technologies to monitor people and
goods. Computers combined with biometric
passports make it harder for people to
fraudulently enter a country or gain access to a
passenger airplane. Face-recognition
technology makes it easier to identify terrorists
or criminals in public places. Driver plates can
be auto scanned by speed cameras or police
cars. Private security systems have also
become much more sophisticated with the
introduction of computer technology and
internet technology.

19. Weather Forecasting.

The world's weather is complex and depends

upon a multitude of factors that are constantly
changing. It's impossible for human beings to
monitor and process all the information
coming in from satellite and other
technologies, never mind perform the complex
calculations that are needed to predict what is
likely to happen in the future. Computers can
process the large amounts of meteorological
information.

20. Robotics.

Robotics is an expanding area of technology

which combines computers with science and