Biblical Trinity and Jehovah's Witnesses: An Awareness of the Trinitarian Heresy

Content Page
Introduction
1. Biblical Trinity
1.1. Definition of Trinity
1.2. Importance of Trinity
1.3. Trinity in the Old Testament
1.4. Trinity in the New Testament
1.5. Unity of God
1.5.1. God is three persons
1.5.2. Each Person is God
1.5.3. There is one God
1.5.4. Distinction of functions
2. Jehovah's Witnesses
2.1. Foundation
2.2. Belief about the Triune God
2.2.1. Jehovah, only God
2.2.2. Jesus, the Man
2.2.3. Holy Spirit, the Active Force
2.3. Trinitarian Concepts
2.4. Another Form of Arianism
3. Biblical Response to Jehovah's Witnesses
3.1. Things to Remember at the Time of Encountering Jehovah's Witnesses
3.2. Truth Concerning God
3.3. Biblical Truth Concerning Jesus
3.4. Biblical Truth Concerning the Holy Spirit
3.5. Biblical Truth Concerning the Trinity
Conclusion
Bibliography

1
Introduction
The Bible doesn't have the word Trinity, but God reveals the doctrine of the Trinity in
His Word and the aspects of the unity and diversity of God are presented throughout.
Tertullian was the first person to use the term 'Trinity'. 1 The doctrine of the Trinity is a
fundamental concept in Christianity, describing God as a single entity in three distinct
persons: Father, Son (Jesus Christ), and Holy Spirit. However, Jehovah's Witnesses reject this
doctrine, considering it a "Trinitarian heresy." Thus, this paper deals with the Biblical Trinity
and Jehovah's Witnesses' doctrine of the Trinity and finally concludes by evaluating the
heresy in the light of the Biblical doctrine.
1. Biblical Trinity
The doctrine of the Biblical Trinity is a mystery which was uncovered. 2 The word
trinity is never found in the Bible, but the idea is represented throughout.
1.1. Definition of Trinity
Warfield defined the Trinity as, "There is one only and true God, but in the unity of
the Godhead there are three co-eternal and coequal Persons, the same in substance but
distinct in subsistence."3 God exists in three persons Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, yet He is
one God.
1.2. Importance of Trinity
Trinity is a summary of who God is and what He is. The doctrine of the Trinity is all
about the story of creation, redemption and renewal.4 Primarily, the doctrine of the Trinity is
important for salvation by faith alone.5 The doctrine of the Trinity describes the relationship
among the three members of the Godhead.6 It is important because it removes the obstacles
that stand in the pathway of encountering God and also helps to have the Christian experience

1
The term “Trinity” is derived from the Latin word trinitas, which means, consists of three persons
with a shared “substance.” [Link] accessed on 28 Sept.
2024.
2
Alister E. McGrath, Studies in Doctrine: Understanding Doctrine, Understanding Doctrine,
Understanding the Trinity, Understanding Jesus, Justification by Faith (Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House,
1997), 221.
3
Charles C. Ryrie, Basic Theology: A Popular Systematic Guide to Understanding Biblical Truth
(Illinois: Victor Books, 1999), 37.
4
McGrath, Studies in Doctrine, 222.
5
Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Secunderabad: OM
Books, 1964), 247.
6
H. Wayne House, Charts of Christian Theology and Doctrine (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1992), 92.

2
of God.7 It brings perfect plurality and unity in God Himself and the ultimate unity among the
diverse elements of the universe.8 It is one of the important doctrines of the Christian faith.
1.3. Trinity in the Old Testament
The doctrine of the Trinity is also found in the Old Testament since God has eternally
existed as three persons, but it was not presented explicitly. There are many passages which
talk about the plurality of God in O.T. For example, in Genesis 1:26, God said, "Let us make
man in our image, after our likeness." This plural verb 'let us' and 'our' indicates a plurality of
persons in God Himself. Other passages like Genesis 3:22, "Behold, the man has become like
one of us, knowing good and evil" and Genesis 11:7, "Come, let us go down, and there
confuse their language."9 Similarly, Psalm 110:1 says, "The Lord says to my lord: Sit at my
right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet." David referred to 'Lord' twice
and it is an indication of referring to two separate persons.10 Isaiah 63:10 says that the people
of god rebelled and grieved His Holy Spirit and it refers to Holy Spirit who is a distinct
person from God Himself.11 In some other incidents, the phrase the angel of the Lord is used
to refer the Lord to be a distinct person who is fully divine.12
1.4. Trinity in the New Testament
The doctrine of the Trinity is presented completely in the New Testament. Several
passages teach the trinitarian nature of God.13 Matthew 3:16-17 shows a moment where three
members of the Trinity perform three distinct activities: Father was speaking from heaven,
Son was being baptized and the Holy Spirit was descending from heaven. 14 Jude 20-21,
shows the trinitarian concept "But you, beloved, built yourselves up on your most holy faith;
pray in the Holy Spirit; keep yourselves in the love of God; wait for the mercy of our Lord
Jesus Christ unto eternal life"15
1.5. Unity of God
There is unity in the Godhead, whereas God is three persons and each person is God,
yet only one God. They have different functions.

7
McGrath, Studies in Doctrine, 221.
8
Wayne Grudem, Bible Doctrine: Essential Teachings of the Christian Faith (Michigan: Zondervan,
1999), 115.
9
Grudem, Systematic Theology, 227.
10
It was fulfilled in Matthew 22:41-46.
11
Grudem, Systematic Theology, 228.
12
Grudem, Bible Doctrine, 105.
13
Some more references are: 1Cor. 12:4-6; Eph. 4:4-6; 1Pet. 1:2; Matt. 28:19.
14
Grudem, Systematic Theology, 230.
15
Grudem, Basic Doctrine, 106.

3
 1.5.1. God is three persons
God is three persons, which means the Father is not the Son the Father is not the Holy
Spirit and the Son is not the Holy Spirit.16 For instance, "In the beginning was the Word, and
the Word was with God and the Word was God" (Jn. 1:1-2), showing that there is a
distinction between God the Father. John says, "If anyone does sin, we have an advocate with
the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous" (1Jn. 2:1), showing Christ is different from the Father.
In another instance, Jesus says, "The Counselor, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send
in my name" (Jn. 14:26a), shows that the Father is not the Holy Spirit and the Son is not the
Holy Spirit.17 Thus, God is three persons.
1.5.2. Each Person is God
God is indeed three persons and each person of the Trinity is fully God. The Bible
depicts God, the Father as God and Sovereign Lord over all, "In the beginning, God created
the heaven and earth (Gen. 1:1).18 Jesus Christ is fully God; Apostle John affirms the deity of
Christ by saying, "In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God, and the Word
was God." The Holy Spirit is fully God; Peter asks Ananias, "Why has Satan filled your heart
to lie to the Holy Spirit? You have not lied to men but to God" (Acts 5:3-4), these words
equate the Holy Spirit with God Himself.19 Thus, each person is God.
1.5.3. There is one God
God is indeed three persons and each person is God, yet there is one God. The Shema
passage in Deuteronomy 6:4 teaches the unity of God. It may be translated as, "The Lord our
God is one Lord" or "The Lord is our God, the Lord alone." It stresses the uniqueness of God
more than unity, but it implies oneness by ruling out polytheism. Other passages like Exodus
20:3; Deuteronomy 4:35; 32:29; Isaiah 45:14; and 46:9.20 Even in the New Testament, James
2:19 stresses the belief in one God. Even Paul also emphasized that there is no God but one
(1 Cor. 8:4b).21 Thus, there is one God.
1.5.4. Distinction of Functions
Bible unites God at the same time, the persons within the Godhead are distinguished.
The Lord is distinguished from the Lord (Gen. 19:24; Hos. 1:7), the Redeemer is
distinguished from the Lord (Isa. 59:20), and the Spirit is distinguished from the Lord (Isa.

16
Grudem, Systematic Theology, 231.
17
Grudem, Basic Doctrine, 106-107
18
Grudem, Systematic Theology, 233.
19
Grudem, Basic Doctrine, 108-109.
20
Ryrie, Basic Theology, 35.
21
Millard J. Erickson, Making Sense of the Trinity: 3 Crucial Questions (Michigan: Baker Academic,
2011), 14.

4
48:16, 59:21, 63:9-10).22 Three persons in the Trinity have different primary functions in the
world. For instance, in the work of creation, God, the Father spoke the words to bring the
creation into being and God, the Son carried out creative decrees and God, the Holy Spirit
hovered over the face of the waters (Jn. 1:3; 1Cor. 8:6; Col. 1:16; Heb. 1:2; Gen. 1:9). All
three persons relate to each other and creation; not only that they have eternal relationship as
well. Even though the persons have distinctions in functions, all three persons are fully God.
Thus, the Trinity is equal in being (deity and attributes) but subordinate in function.23
2. Jehovah’s Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses is the cult which came up in the nineteenth century and the key
people who developed and spread it to the whole world are, namely Russell, Rutherford,
Knorr, Franz and Henschel.24 It is important to see the foundation of Jehovah's Witnesses and
their beliefs.
2.1. Foundation
Jehovah's Witnesses was founded in the late 19th century by Charles Taze Russell.25
The organization began in 1879 and his followers were called Zion's Watch Tower or
Russellites and were later renamed as Jehovah's Witnesses by Rutherford in 1931. 26
Russellites assume that God has made them as His representatives on earth.27 They have the
New World Translations of the Bible which cover the whole New Testament and the first
seventeen books of the Old Testament.28 Their mission is to witness their faith with all the
people whom they meet so that their ministry would expand to the whole world.29 Thus, there
are 5.2 million members around 232 countries and likewise, their growth has been increasing
by 5% each year in a global sense today.30

22
Ryrie, Basic Theology, 36.
23
Grudem, Bible Doctrine, 116-117.
24
Valnal Ruata, "A Theological Criticize on the Understanding of the Doctrine of Jesus Christ in
Jehovah's Witnesses" ([Link]., Logos College of Theology, 2018), 3.
25
Walter R. Martin and Norman H Klann, Jehovah of the Watch Tower: A Thorough Expose of the
Important Anti-Biblical Teachings of Jehovah's Witnesses (Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House, 1953), 11.
26
Ruata, "A Theological Criticize on the Understanding of the Doctrine of Jesus Christ in Jehovah's
Witnesses," 1.
27
Ron Rhodes, Reasoning from the Scriptures with the Jehovah's Witnesses (Secunderabad: OM Books,
1993), 23.
28
Walter R. Martin, The Kingdom of the Cults: An Analysis of the Major Cult Systems in the Present
Christian Ezra (Oakland: Library of Congress, 1965), 63.
29
W. C. Stevenson, The Inside Story of Jehovah's Witnesses (New York: Hart Publishing Company,
1967), 101.
30
Abraham Christdhas, Contemporary Religious Movements: In Theological, Psychological and
Sociological Perspectives (Bangalore: Theological Book Trust, 2005), 37.

5
 2.2. Belief about the Triune God
Jehovah’s Witnesses believe that Jehovah is the only God, Jesus is a mere man and the
Holy Spirit is an active force.
2.2.1. Jehovah, only God
According to Jehovah's Witnesses, Jehovah is the only God, an eternal being (Ps.
90:1-2; Isa. 57:15). Jehovah reigns over all the universal space and He is worthy of all honour
and glory (1Tim. 1:17). He is the source of all life and self-eternal. There was a time when
Jehovah was all alone in universal space and later created His Son through Him all things
exist (Col. 1:16; Jn. 1:3).31
2.2.2. Jesus, the Man
According to Jehovah's Witnesses, Jesus was the firstborn of Jehovah and He was a
spiritual person and mighty one but not God as Jehovah is. 32 They believe that Jesus was the
archangel Michael before He came to the earth.33 For them, Christ received life from His
Father (Jn. 6:57), He could not be co-eternal with the Father.34 Jesus was never truly God and
denied the deity of Christ. Until He was baptized, He was merely a man and He was anointed
with the spirit and became Messiah, the anointed, only after the baptism at the age of thirty.35
The Word became flesh, as the Jesus and suffered death to bring ransom. He was resurrected
as a divine spirit creature after being offered as a ransom. 36 Moreover, His atonement on the
cross has brought back a perfect human life and His life is ended by death and His
resurrection was spiritual. Thus, the death of Jesus is forever dead. 37 There is no future
expectation of Christ, for He returned invisibly in 1914, so the world will never see Him
again.38
2.2.3. Holy Spirit, the Active Force
According to Jehovah's Witnesses, the Holy Spirit is neither God nor a person rather an
active force sent to accomplish the will of God in the world. Holy Spirit is considered a

31
Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, Let God be True (New York: Watchtower Bible and Tract
Society, 1946), 25-26.
32
Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, Let God be True, 31.
33
Gordon R. Lewis, Confronting the Cults (Philadelphia: The Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing,
1966), 23.
34
Martin, The Kingdom of the Cults, 60.
35
Lewis, Confronting the Cults, 24.
36
Walter R. Martin and Norman H. Klann, Jehovah Watch Tower: A Thorough Expose of the
Important Anti-Biblical Teachings of Jehovah Witnesses (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1953),
30.
37
Walter R. Martin, The Christian and the Cults: Answering the Cultist from the Bible (Michigan:
Zondervan Publishing House, 1956), 28.
38
Maurice Burrell, "Twentieth Century Arianism: An Examination of the Doctrine of the Person of
Christ held by Jehovah's Witnesses," [Link] accessed on 25 September, 2024.

6
powerful force which came upon Jesus in the form of a dove at the time of His baptism (Mk.
1:10) and it enabled him to heal the sick and raise the dead. The same will help the Christians
to endure the trials of faith.39 They argue that the phrase 'name' of the Holy Spirit (Mtt. 28:19)
is a common way to point to the power, not the personhood. Holy Spirit is considered an
active force because the Greek word (pneuma) used for Spirit is in the neuter.40
2.3. Trinitarian Concepts
Charles Taze Russell, the founder of this cult commented in his thesis that the doctrine
of the Trinity was considered nonsense.41 According to Jehovah's Witnesses, Jehovah God
and Christ Jesus are two different persons and are not co-related with the Holy Spirit in one
Godhead called a Trinity. 42 They claim that Theophilus and Tertullian introduced the
threefold unity of God into Christianity.43 Thus, the three persons of the Trinity are three
different entities and this doctrine originates from the ancient mythologies.44
2.4. Another Form of Arianism
Arianism was the teachings of Arius, a Bishop of Alexandria, who taught that Jesus
was brought into existence by the Father and if so, it is true with the Holy Spirit as well and
rejected the full deity of Christ. His views were condemned at the council of Nicea in 325
A.D. by emphasizing that Christ was not made but begotten.45 Jehovah's Witnesses is another
form of Arianism, especially in the Trinitarian concept. Even though the Arian heresy was
condemned, it continues today.46 But the impact of Arianism is there even today and there are
similarities in the belief of Arians and Jehovah's Witnesses that Jesus is a created being, so
He is neither eternal nor God.47 Arius taught that God, the Father alone existed and Son,
Christ Jesus was the begotten of the Father. He emphasized that Christ is the firstborn of all
creation (Col. 1:15).48 Unlike Arian Heresy, Jehovah's Witnesses deny the equality of Jesus
Christ with God, the Father and the Triune deity as well.49 Thus, the Christology of Jehovah’s

39
Rhodes, Reasoning from the Scriptures with the Jehovah's Witnesses, 195.
40
Rhodes, Reasoning from the Scriptures with the Jehovah's Witnesses, 213, 215.
41
Martin, The Christian and the Cults, 27.
42
Lewis, Confronting the Cults, 24.
43
Martin, The Kingdom of the Cults, 54.
44
Christdhas, Contemporary Religious Movements, 34.
45
Grudem, Systematic Theology, 243, 244.
46
Danson Ottawa, "Why Arianism Back Then Matters Now: Jehovah's Witnesses," Christian History,
30 Nov. 2023, Web. accessed on 25 Sept. 2024.
47
Ryan Turner, "Arianism and its Influence Today," Jehovah's Witnesses, World Religions 4 May,
2010, Web. [Link] accessed on 25 Sept. 2024.
48
Grudem, Systematic Theology, 243.
49
Martin and Klann, Jehovah Watch Tower, 47.

7
Witnesses is also a form of Arianism, for it upholds the unity and supremacy of God the
Father.50
3. Biblical Response to Jehovah's Witnesses
Having discussed the Biblical and Jehovah’s Witnesses teachings on the Trinity, there
are some essential things to know and make note of and they will be helpful to respond to
them from the Bible.
3.1. Things to Remember at the Time of Encountering Jehovah's Witnesses
There are things to remember at the time of encountering Jehovah's Witnesses. Every
Christian believer should remember that they are real people deal with them respectfully and
know the Bible very well.51 Some important Bible verses to know are One God- Isaiah 43:10;
1 Peter 1:1-2; Holy Spirit is God- 2 Cor. 3:17; Acts 5:3-4; Jesus is God- Isa. 9:6; John 8:58;
Exo. 3:14; Col. 2:9; John 5:18, 23; Hebrews 1:6.52
Some of the Bible verses through which Jehovah's Witnesses attack the Trinity are:
John 1:1, "In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and Word was a god."
They see Jesus as a second god in this passage. Another passage is, Deuteronomy 6:4, "Hear
O Israel, the Lord our God is one Lord." They deny the doctrine of the Trinity by
emphasizing these passages. 53 Pastor Ray C. Stedman commented about the New World
Translation, which is being used by Jehovah's Witnesses as, "deadly as a poisoned well." This
translation lacks fidelity to the Greek New Testament.54 Likewise, there are many crosswords
and mistranslations everywhere and their version is not the same as the original translations.
3.2. Truth Concerning God
Biblical Truth Concerning God is that the Christian faith is rooted in the living God,
who is encountered through Jesus Christ and empowered by the Holy Spirit, revealing the
divine unity of the Trinity.55
3.3. Biblical Truth Concerning Jesus
Biblical Truth Concerning Jesus is that Jesus is not a created being or an angel but He
is the creator (Jn. 1:2-3; Col. 1:16).56 Christ's deity cannot be denied, for it is said, "There is

50
[Link] accessed on 25 Sept. 2024.
51
Paul Carden, Christianity, Cults & Religions Participant Guide (Massachusetts: Hendrickson
Publishers, 2010), 34.
52
Carden, Christianity, Cults & Religions Participant Guide, 32-33.
53
Martin, The Kingdom of the Cults, 61.
54
Lewis, Confronting the Cults, 20.
55
McGrath, Studies in Doctrine, 215.
56
Christdhas, Contemporary Religious Movements, 38.

8
one God, one mediator also between God and men, himself man, Christ Jesus" (1 Tim. 2:5).57
Moreover, there are many incidents whereby Christ Himself claimed the attributes which are
of God, for instance eternal (Heb. 1:11; Jn. 17:5), omnipresence (Matt. 9:20), omniscience
(Matt. 9:4), omnipotence (Matt. 28:19). The divine works attributed to Christ are: creation (Jn.
1:3; Col. 1:16), preservation (Col. 1:17), providence (Heb. 1:3), forgiveness (Mk. 2:5-11) and
judgment (Jn. 5: 22).58 The phrase in John 1:1 is correctly translated as "the Word was God"
(not a god) and relates to the true and full deity of Christ.59 "The Word" refers to Christ's
deity but Jehovah's Witnesses argue that the absence of definite articles in Greek (ho, the)
could be translated as "a god" and thus they deny the deity of Christ.60
3.4. Biblical Truth Concerning the Holy Spirit
Biblical Truth Concerning the Holy Spirit is that the Bible says, the Holy Spirit is a
person with all the attributes of personality such as intellect, will and emotion (Jn. 16:13-14;
Acts 8:29, 13:2).61 The Holy Spirit is classified on an equal level with the Father and the Son
(Matt. 28:19).62 He does all the works which could be done only by a person like teaching (Jn.
14:26), testifying (Jn. 15:26), commissioning (Acts 13:4), commanding (Acts 8:29) and
interceding (Rom. 8:26). 63 But the teachings of the Holy Spirit according to Jehovah's
Witnesses are not correct, because the Word of God portrays the Holy Spirit as the one who
has intelligence (1Cor. 2:10), will (1Cor. 12:11) and emotion (Eph. 5:30).64 But Jehovah's
Witnesses argue that the neuter term used for the Holy Spirit does not refer to a person, but
the lack of a masculine term doesn't indicate the lack of personality.
3.4. Biblical Truth Concerning the Trinity
Trinity is the same substance of three persons, who are co-equal, co-existent co-
eternal and immutable forever.65 Of course, no one can indeed fathom the mystery of God
that is revealed but one thing is clear there is a unity of substance, not three gods and the
unity is one in every sense.66 Biblical evidence for the Trinity is Matthew 28:19- "oneness
and three-ness by associating equally the three Persons and uniting them in one singular

57
Maurice Burrell, “Twentieth Century Arianism: An Examination of the Doctrine of the Person of
Christ held by Jehovah's Witnesses,” [Link] accessed on 25 Sept. 2024.
58
Lewis, Confronting the Cults, 28.
59
Ryrie, Basic Theology, 37.
60
Grudem, Bible Doctrine, 108.
61
Christdhas, Contemporary Religious Movements, 38.
62
Grudem, Systematic Theology, 237.
63
Ron Rhodes, Bite-Size Bible Charts (Eugene: Harvest House Publishers, 2011), 70.
64
Van Jan Karel Baalen, The Chaos of Cults: A Study in Present-Day ISMS (Grand Rapids: Wm. B.
Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1962), 271.
65
Martin and Klann, Jehovah Watch Tower, 44.
66
Martin and Klann, Jehovah Watch Tower, 46.

9
name," 67 2Corinthians 13:14-benediction in triune God and Matthew 3:16-17- historical
evidence of Jesus' baptism. If all three members are equally and fully divine, then all of the
three existed for all eternity and God has eternally existed as a Trinity (Jn. 17:5, 24).68
Conclusion
Having done this paper on the topic called, Biblical Trinity and Jehovah's Witnesses:
An Awareness of the Trinitarian Heresy, it is evident that the Trinity is being misinterpreted
by Jehovah's Witnesses. One thing is true the Trinity is a mystery of the infinite God that is
difficult to fully comprehend, for a finite being cannot fully comprehend God. Scripture does
not contradict the truth that God is three persons and there is one God. Every Church should
be taught the doctrine of the Biblical Trinity to ensure that there are no confusions with
believing in the Triune God and also to bring awareness about the heresies. Thus, this paper
is an aid to present the correct gospel to Jehovah's Witnesses with a New World Translation
and correct their worldview on the doctrine of the Trinity.

67
Ryrie, Basic Theology, 37.
68
Grudem, Systematic Theology, 241.

10
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Publishers, 2010.
Christdhas, Abraham. Contemporary Religious Movements: In Theological, Psychological
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12