[Link].

ELECTRONICS

Semester – I
Code Course Title Credits
EL511 Mathematics Foundation for Electronics 3
EL512 Signals & Systems 4
EL513 C Programming and Data Structure 3
EL514 Network and Circuit Theory 3
EL515 Electronics Devices and Circuits 4
EL516 C Programming and Data Structure Lab. 2
EL517 Electronics Devices and Circuits Lab 2
Total Credit: 21

Semester – II
Code Course Title Credits
EL521 Digital Circuits and Systems 4
EL522 Analog and Digital Communication Techniques 4
EL523 Electromagnetic Field Theory and Antenna 4
EL524 Computer Organization and Architecture 3
EL525 Professional Elective – I 4
EL526 Digital Circuit Lab 2
EL527 Communication Lab 2
Total Credit: 23

Semester – III
Code Course Title Credits
EL531 Digital Image Processing 4
EL532 Biomedical Instrumentation 4
EL533 Microprocessor and Microcontroller 4
EL534 Instrumentation and Control System 3
EL535 Professional Elective-II 4
EL536 Digital Image Processing Lab 2
EL537 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Lab 2
Total Credit: 23

Semester – IV
Code Course Title Credits
EL541 Entrepreneurship Development 3
EL542 Laser and Opto-Electronics 4
EL543 Professional Elective-III / One MooC Course 4
EL544 Opto- Electronics Lab 2
EL545 Seminar 2
EL546 Major Project 8
Total Credit: 23

SEMESTER WISE CREDIT DISTRIBUTION

Semester I II III IV TOTAL
Total Credit 21 23 23 23 90

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 1

 LIST OF PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVES

Course Title

Basics of IC Technology

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

Digital VLSI System Design

Computer Vision & Image Processing

Wired and Wireless Communication

Wireless Sensor Networks

Mobile Computing

Microwave and Antenna Theory

Optical Communication

Internet of Things

CO1:Remmber and understand the basic concept/Principle of------------

CO2:Analyse the various concepts to understand them through case studies.

CO3:Apply the knowledge in understanding practical problems.

C04:Execute the project or field assignment as per the knowledge gained in the course.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 2

 SEMESTER – I

MATHEMATICS FOUNDATION FOR ELECTRONICS

Category: Programme Foundation Course

Prerequisite: Basic knowledge of Integration, Differentiation, Complex Numbers, fourier
series.
Course Objective: To make students to understand the mathematics used in electronics devices and
their out comes.
Course Outcome: CO1: Remmber the basic concepts and understand the Principle of
expressing all circuits mathematically
CO2: Analyse the various concepts to understand them through case
studies and the processes are calculated step wise
CO3: The knowledge is applied and each circuit is mathematically
optomized for understanding practical problems with proper
distinction of time domin and frequency domain .
C04: Assignments on Mathematical representation and optomization of
electronic circuits are executed

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT – I: FUNCTION OF A COMPLEX VARIABLE(10 Hours)

Analyticity, C-R equation, harmonic conjugate, Power series and Laurent series expansion, Complex
integration: line integral, Cauchy’s integration rules, Singularity, Residue, Residue theorem,
evaluation of integrals by the method of residues, multi-valued function-branch point and branch cut,
contour integration involving branch point.

UNIT – II: LINEAR VECTOR SPACE AND MATRICES (12 Hours)

Definition, linear independence, basis and dimension, scalar product, dual vector, Cauchy-Schwarz
inequality, orthonormal basis, Schmidt orthogonalisation process.
Matrix operations, conjugate of a matrix, Inverse of a matrix, orthogonal matrix, rotation, similarity
transformation, Eigen values and Eigenvectors, secular equation, Cayley- Hamilton theorem, matrix
diagonalisation.

UNIT – III: PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS(10 Hours)

1storder Differential equation, separation of variable-ordinary differential equations, singular points,
series solutions – frobenius’ method, a second solution, non-homogenous equation – greens’
function, legendre’s polynomial equation, introduction to 2ndorder differential equation.

UNIT – IV:INTEGRAL TRANSFORMATION(12 Hours)

Development of Fourier series, integral, Fourier transforms – inversion theorem & derivatives,
convolution theorem, momentum representation, transfer functions, Laplace transform– derivatives,
properties, inverse Laplace transform and applications to solution of differential equation, Z
transform.
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 3
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Higher Engineering Mathematics – BS Grewal
2. Higher Engineering Mathematics, B.V. Ramana

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Arfken: Mathematical Physics (Academic)
2. Dennery and Krzywicki: Mathematics for Physicists (Harper and Row)
3. Joshi: Matrices and Tensors in Physics (Wiley - Eastern)
4. Chattopadhyay: Mathematical physics (Wiley- Eastern)
5. Potter and Goldberg: Methods of Mathematical physics (Prentice Hall)

SIGNALS & SYSTEMS

Category: Programme Core Course
Prerequisite: Basic knowledge of Integration, Differentiation, Complex Numbers, fourier
series and transform.
Course Objective: Understanding the fundamental characteristics of signals and systems.
Understanding the concepts of vector space, inner product space and orthogonal
series. Understanding signals and systems in terms of both the time and
transform domains, taking advantage of the complementary insights and tools
that these different perspectives provide. Development of the mathematical skills
to solve problems involving convolution, filtering, modulation and sampling.
Course Outcome: CO1:Remmber and understand the basic concept of linear algebra topics
like vector space, basis, dimension, inner product, norm and orthogonal
basis to signals
CO2:Analyse the system properties based on impulse response and the
spectral characteristics of continuous-time periodic and a periodic signal
using Fourier analysis
CO3:Apply the Laplace transform and Z- transform for analyze of continuous-
time and discrete-time signals and systems.
C04: Assignments as well as projecs are executed to apply knowledge
gained in the course.

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT-I (12 Hours)

Introduction to Signals & Systems: Definition of signals, system, overview of specific systems: control
systems, communication systems, automatic speech recognition systems, classification of signals, basic
operations on signals, elementary signals: exponential, sinusoidal, unit impulse, unit step, properties of
systems, systems viewed as interconnections of operations. Linear Time Invariant Systems: Discrete time LTI
systems: the convolution sum, Continuous Time LTI systems: The convolution integral, properties of LTI
systems, interconnection of LTI systems, differential and difference equation representations of LTI systems,
Block diagram representations, state variable descriptions of LTI systems.

UNIT-II (14 Hours)

Fourier representations of signals and linear Time-Invariant systems: complex sinusoids and frequency
response of LTI systems, Discrete time periodic signals(DTFS), Continuous time periodic signals(FS),
Discrete time non-periodic signals (DTFT), Continuous time Non-Periodic Signals(FT), properties of Fourier
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 4
representations: linearity and symmetry properties, convolution property, differentiation and integration
properties, time and frequency shift properties, Multiplication property, scaling property, parseval
relationships, time bandwidth product, duality. Sampling: sampling theorem: representation of Continuous
time signal by its samples, reconstruction of Continuous time signals from samples, the effect of under
sampling: aliasing.

UNIT-III (14 Hours)

Representing signals by using Continuous time complex exponentials: The Laplace transform, ROC,
Properties of Laplace Transform, inverse Laplace transform, analysis and characterization of LTI systems
using Laplace Transform: causality, stability, system functions for interconnections of LTI systems.
Representing signals by using Discrete Time complex exponentials: The z-transform, ROC, properties of
ROC, properties of z-transform, analysis and characterization of LTI systems using z-transform: -causality,
stability, system functions for interconnections of LTI systems, block Diagram representations for causal LTI
systems.

UNIT-IV (10 Hours)

Design of Filters, passive filters, digital filters, linear distortion and equalization. Linear Feedback Systems:
feedback, basic feedback concepts, effect of feedback on disturbance or noise, introduction to Routh-Hurwitz
criteria, Root Locus analysis of linear feedback systems and Nyquist stability criteria.

TOTAL: 48 Hrs.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Signals and Systems, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, S. Hamid Nawab, PHI Learning, 2nd
edition.
2. Signals and Systems, Simon Haykin, Barry Van Veen, Wiley India, 2nd edition
3. Schaum’s outlines of ‘Theory and problems of Signals and Systems”, Hwei P. Hsu, McGraw Hill

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Principles of Signal Processing & Linear Systems, B.P Lathi, Oxford University Press.

C PROGRAMMING AND DATA STRUCTURE

Category: Programme Foundation Course
Prerequisite: Computer fundamentals
Course Objective: To clear understand about the C programming & basic data structures with their
operations and concepts of algorithms. Provide adequate knowledge to develop a
program and/ or algorithm to solve a problem.
Course Outcome: CO1:Remmber and understand the basic concept of C programming & basic
data structures
CO2:Analyse the logical skills to programming in C language for various
types of data and different types of structures
CO3:Different types practical problemsare ececuted
C04: Assignments and prejecects are executed in the C- programming and
Data structures.

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT – I: COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS AND INTRODUCTION TO C (9 Hours)

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 5

Computer Fundamentals, Structure of C program, A Simple C program, identifiers, basic data types and sizes,
Constants, variables, arithmetic, relational and logical operators, increment and decrement operators,
conditional operator, bit-wise operators, assignment operators, expressions, type conversions, conditional
expressions, precedence and order of evaluation.
Input-output statements, statements and blocks, if and switch statements, loops- while, do-while and for
statements, break, continue, C program examples.

UNIT – II: ARRAYS AND POINTERS ( 10Hours)

Arrays- concepts, declaration, definition, accessing elements, storing elements, arrays and functions, two-
dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays, applications of arrays. pointers- concepts, initialization of pointer
variables, pointers and function arguments, address arithmetic, Character pointers and functions, pointers to
pointers, pointers and multidimensional arrays.

UNIT – III: FUNCTIONS AND DERIVED DATA TYPES (10 Hours)

Designing structured programs, Functions, basics, parameter passing, storage classes- extern, auto, register,
static, scope rules, block structure, user defined functions.

Derived types- structures- declaration, definition and initialization of structures, accessing structures, nested
structures, arrays of structures, structures and functions, pointers to structures, self-referential structures,
unions.

UNIT – IV: FILE HANDLING AND DATA STRUCTURE (16 Hours)

Input and output - concept of a file, text files and binary files, streams, standard I/O, Formatted I/O, file I/o
operations.
Searching - Linear and binary search methods.
Sorting - Bubble sort, selection sort, Insertion sort.
Dynamic memory managements functions,Introduction to Linked List.
Stack, Queue and their implementation using array.
Overview of non-linear data structures, Tree and Graph.
[TOTAL: 45 Hrs.]
TEXT BOOKS
1. E. Balaguruswami, The C Programming Language, TMH.
2. Fundamentals of Data structure using C, Ellis Horowitz, SartajSahni, and Susan Anderson-Freed,
University Press
3. P.K. Sinha, Computer Fundamentals.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. B.W. Kernighan, Dennis [Link], The C Programming Language, PHI/Pearson Education
2. Data Structure using C, YashvantKanetkar, BPB

NETWORK AND CIRCUIT THEORY

Category: Programme Core Course

Prerequisite: Basic Electrical and Electronics
Course Objective: To make the students capable of understanding electrical circuits and analysing
any given electrical network.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the basic principle of circuital laws and networks.
CO2:Analyse the various transient response, Steady state response, network
functions
CO3:Apply the knowledge in redution of networks, evaluate two-port
network parameters and Fourier transfer is used to filter for bandwidth
consideration.

C04: Assignments to design and optomization of circuits using laws is

done and projects are excuted.
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 6
Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,
assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT-I (12 Hours)

Basic Circuit Analysis
Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s law, RLC Series and parallel circuits, mesh current and nodal analysis.
Network Reduction: voltage & current division, source transformation, star-delta conversion.
Network Topology: Graph of network, concept of tree, Tie-set & cut-set matrix.
Theorems- (both DC & AC): Thevenin, Norton, Superposition, Maximum power
transform,Reciprocity, Compensation,Millimann, Tellegen’s Theorem.

UNIT-II (10 Hours)

Resonance & coupled circuit: series & parallel resonance-their frequency response, Q-factor &
bandwidth, self & mutual inductance, coefficient of coupling ,tuned circuit.
Transient response: Transient response Of RL, RC, RLC using Laplace transform

UNIT-III (12 Hours)

Two port Network function & Response: : z, y, ABCD and h-parameters, Reciprocity and
Symmetry, Interrelation of two-port parameters, Interconnection of two-port networks, Network
Functions, Significance of Poles and Zeros, Restriction on location of Poles and Zeros, Time domain
behaviour from Pole-Zero plots.
Filter Design by co-efficient matching: Brief idea about network filters (Low pass, High pass, Band pass
and Band elimination) and their frequency response.

UNIT-IV (12 Hours)

FOURIER SERIES & ITS APPLICATION: Fourier series, Fourier analysis and evaluation of
coefficients, Steady state response of network to periodic signals, Fourier transform and
convergence, Fourier transform of some functions, Brief idea about network filters (Low pass, High
pass, Band pass and Band elimination) and their frequency response
Network synthesis: Hurwitz polynomial, Properties of Hurwitz polynomial, Positive real functions
and their properties, Concepts of network synthesis, Realization of simple R-L, R-C and L-C
functions in Cauer-I, Cauer-II, Foster-I and Foster-II forms.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Network Theory- AK Chakraborty-Tata McGraw Hill, Newdelhi.
2. William H. Hayat, “Engineering circuit analysis” Tata McGraw Hill, Newdelhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Network analysis and synthesis- Valkenburg-pearson publication.

ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Category: Programme Core Course

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 7

Prerequisite: Basic knowledge of Atomic and solid state physics
Course Objective: To provide basic knowledge and concepts of the characteristics and principles of
operation of semiconductor devices and their circuital application.

Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the basic concepts of semiconductor devices.

CO2:Analyse the various semiconductor devices for application in circuit.
CO3:Use of various solid state devices and their application in different circuits
in modern electronic instruments

C04: the assignment and project are carried out on application of various
semiconductor devices in different circuits.

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT – I: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS (10 Hours)

Electronic devices and their applications: signals, analog& digital signals, amplifiers. Linear wave
shaping circuits: RC LPF, Integrator, RC HPF, Differentiator. Energy band in silicon, Properties of
semiconductor;intrinsic& extrinsic semiconductors, Carrier transport in silicon:, diffusion current,
drift current, mobility & resistivity. Generation and recombination of carriers, Hall effect.

UNIT – II:SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES(10Hours)

Electronic Transport in semiconductor,p-n junction, V–I characteristics, load line analysis,
equivalent circuit of diode, analysis of diode circuit, Break-down in diode, transition capacitance &
diffusion capacitance. Applications of diode circuits:Rectifiers, clippers, clampers. Filter circuits,
Special purpose diodes: Zener diode, LED, Photo diode, avalanche photo diode,p-i-n diode, tunnel
diode, Varactor diode, Shockley diode. LASER.

UNIT – III:BJTs AND FETs (10 Hours)

BJT : structure & operation , different transistor configurations & their characteristics, DC analysis
of BJT, quiescent point and load line analysis, transistor as a switch, single stage and multistage
transistor amplifiers, BJT RC coupled amplifier. Field effect transistors (FETs) : Types, structure &
operation of JFET and MOSFET, Depletion mode & enhancement mode MOSFET, FET as an
amplifier. JFET characteristics and applications

UNIT – IV:FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS & OSCILLATORS (12 Hours)

General principles of feedback amplifier, topologies, properties of negative feedback, Oscillators:
principles of oscillations, Bark hausen criteria for oscillation, types of oscillator circuits and their
operations. Operational amplifiers (OP-AMPs): Ideal op-amp, inverting & non inverting amplifier,
adder, integrator & differentiator.
Introduction to power amplifiers: classifications, class A, class B, class C power amplifiers.
Conversion efficiency of series fed class A power amplifier, class B push pull power amplifier.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory, R.L Boylestad and L. Nashelsky, Pearson Education

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 8

 2. Electronics Fundamentals and Applications, D Chattopadhyay and P. C Rakshit, New Age
International Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Integrated Electronics, Millman and Halkias, Mc. Graw Hill Publications.
2. Electronics Devices and Circuits, Sanjeev Gupta, DhanpatRai, Publications.
3. Digital Logic and Computer Design, Morris Mano, PHI, EEE

C PROGRAMMING AND DATA STRUCTURE LAB.

Recommended Systems/Software Requirements:

Desktop PC with Linux OS, GNU C Compiler or Window, Turbo C/C++ compiler.

Instruction to Instructors:
At the beginning of the session instructors should give a brief idea about the working platform (both
OS and compilers). During different Lab. session he/she should introduce different required in-built
library functions.

List of topics for writing C-programs:

1. Print statements, variables and simple arithmetic operations, mathematical series,Conditional
statements.
2. Loops, Arrays, Strings, Pointers
3. User defined Functions, Structures and Unions, Files
4. Linked List, Stack, Queue
5. Tree, and Graph
6. Sorting and Searching algorithms

ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB.

Experiment List-
1. To obtain V-I characteristics of PN junction diode. (For Forward as well as Reverse Bias
configuration).
2. To obtain the VI characteristics of Zener Diode in reverse bias.
3. Design of Clipping and Clamping Circuits.
4. To Study High Pass and Low Pass Filters.
5. To observe waveform at the output of half wave, Full Wave and Bridge Rectifier and
measure DC voltage, DC current, ripple factor with & without filter capacitor.
6. To Study Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator.
7. To Study the Voltage Regulator using IC LM7805, LM7812 and LM317.
8. Transistor I/P, O/P Characteristics of NPN transistor in CE Configuration.
9. Common Emitter Transistor Amplifier of NPN Transistor.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 9

 10. Design and test the Performance of RC Phase-shift Oscillator.
11. Design and test Hartley and Colpitt`s Oscillator.
12. Study of Operational Amplifier, knowledge of
a. CMRR
b. Slew Rate
c. Differential Amplifier
(Mathematical Operations will be done in DCS Lab in 2nd Semester)
13. Verification of Mesh Analysis and Nodal Analysis.
14. Verification of Super position Theorem.
15. Verification of Thevenin`s Theorem.
16. Verification of Norton’s Theorem.
17. Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

A minimum of 12(Twelve) Experiments have to be performed and recorded by the Candidate to

attain eligibility for University Practical Examination.

All the experiments above may also be performed in the simulation software
SEMESTER – II
DIGITAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
Category: Programme Core Course
Prerequisite: Basic knowledge of linear circuits and analog devices.
Course Objective: To understand digital circuits,digital ICs and the basic building blocks of modern
digital instruments
Course Outcome: CO1: Understanding of the basic Principle of digitalization
CO2: Analysis of various Digital circuits their design and implantation.
CO3:The working various Digital circuits in practical problems.
C04:Execution of modern project and Design assignments.
Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,
assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT – I: (12 HOURS)

Number systems: binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal number system. 1’s complements,
2’complement, binary addition, subtraction, multiplication & division. Binary codes-BCD codes,
Gray codes, Excess-3 code. Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, EX-OR, EX-NOR, Universal gates like
NAND, NOR. NAND & NOR Implementation, AND-OR invert, OR-AND invert implementation.
Gate level Minimization: Boolean functions, Canonical & standard form; min terms & max term,
Digital Logic Gates for Multiple inputs. The Map Method: K Map for two, three, four variables.
Product of Sum (POS), Sum of product (SOP) simplification, Don’t care conditions.
Error detection& correction: Parity Generator and Checker Circuit.
UNIT – II: (12 HOURS)
Combinational Logic: Analysis & Design of Binary Half Adder & Full Adder circuit,
CarryLookAheadadder. Half and Full-subtractor circuit, Binary Multiplier, Decoders, Encoders,
Multiplexers and Demultiplexers, Seven segment display. Priority encoder Digital Integrated logic
Circuits: RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS & C-MOS Logic circuits. code converters: Analog to digital
converter, Digital to analogconverters,Magnitude Comparator.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 10

UNIT – III: (10 HOURS)
Synchronous Sequential Logic: Sequential Circuit, Latches, Flip-flop (S-R, J-K,D,T,M/S), edge
triggering and level triggering. Analysis of Clocked Sequential circuits, State Reduction &
Assignment, Design procedure.

Register &Counters:Universal Shift Register (SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO), Synchronous Counter,
Modulo-n Counter, Up-Down Counter, Asynchronous Counter, Ripple Counters, Ring Counters. .

UNIT – IV: (10 HOURS)

Memory & Programmable Logic: Classificationofmemories–ROM, ROM organization, PROM,
EPROM, EEPROM, EAPROM,RAM, RAMorganization.

ProgrammableLogicDevices, ProgrammableLogicArray(PLA), ProgrammableArrayLogic(PAL),

Field ProgrammableGate Arrays(FPGA). Resister Transfer Levels: Register transfer Level notion,
Algorithm State machine, Design Example.

Concepts in VHDL: Basic Concepts, Using a Hardware Description Language, Defining Module in
VHDL, Structural and Combinational Modelling, Binary Words, Libraries, Learning VHDL.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Design, 3rd edition by M. Morris Mano, PHI
2. Digital Principles & Applications – Malvino, Leach &Saha, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Switching Theory & Digital Electronics – V. K. Jain, Khanna Publishers
2. Digital Fundamentals – Floyd & Jain, Pearson education

ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

Category: Programme Core Course

Prerequisite: Introductory knowledge of Probability Theory, Basic Knowledge of Circuits and
Signal, Mathematical Knowledge of Fourier Series and Transforms.
Course Objective: Introduction to communication systems and techniques with concept of how
information flows from one point to another at the most basic level. Provide
knowledge about analog and pulse modulation and demodulation techniques
including AM, FM, PM, PAM, PPM and PWM. Provide knowledge about
digital communication systems, including MPSK, MQAM, and FSK. Provide
knowledge about advanced techniques to mitigate channel impairments,
including multicarrier modulation and spread spectrum CDMA. At each level,
system design is given primary importance by using examples from practical
systems.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the basic principle of modern communication system-
CO2:Analyse the various concepts signal conversion and propagation
Techniques
CO3: Be able to design a practical communication system at the block diagram
level under certain constraints and requirements
C04: Execution and Design of the signal transmission project and
assignment on Trans iver system with mathematical modelling..
Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,
assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 11

UNIT – I: AMPLITUDE AND ANGLE MODULATION (12 Hours)
Amplitude modulation: Block diagram of Electrical communication system, Radio communication,
Need for modulation, Types of Amplitude modulation, AM, DSB SC, SSB SC, VSB, Power and
BW requirements, Generation of AM, DSB SC, SSB SC, Demodulation of AM : Diode detector,
Product demodulation for DSB SC & SSB SC.
Angle Modulation: Frequency & Phase modulations, advantages of FM over AM, Bandwidth
consideration, Narrow band and Wide band FM, Comparison of FM & PM, FM modulators and FM
demodulators, Armstrong method of generation, necessity of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis.

UNIT – II:(12 Hours)

Pulse Modulations: Sampling, Nyquist rate of sampling, Sampling theorem for Band limited
signals, PAM, regeneration of base band signal, PWM and PPM, Time Divison Multiplexing,
Frequency Divison Multiplexing, Asynchronous Multiplexing.
Digital Communication: Advantages, Block diagram of PCM, Quantization, effect of quantization,
quantization error, Base band digital signal, DM, ADM, ADPCM and comparison.

UNIT – III:(12 Hours)

Digital Modulation: ASK, FSK, PSK, and DPSK, QPSK demodulation, coherent and incoherent
reception, Comparison of binary and quaternary modulation schemes, M-ary modulation techniques.
Information Theory and Coding: Discrete messages and information content, source coding,
Shanon ‘s theorem, channel capacity, Block codes- coding and decoding, burst error
correction(BRC), Convolutional coding, decoding convolutional code, comparison of error rates in
coded and uncoded transmission, turbo codes.

UNIT – IV:(10 Hours)

Spread Spectrum Modulation: Use of spread spectrum, direct sequence spread spectrum, spread
spectrum and CDMA, ranging using DS spread spectrum, frequency hopping spread spectrum,
Pseudo random sequences – generation and characteristics, synchronization in spread spectrum
systems.
Advanced Communication Systems: Telephone switching, Computer communication, Optical
communications, Mobile telephone communication- the Cellular concept, Satellite communications,
RADAR systems.
TOTAL: 46 Hours

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Communication Systems – Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 3rd edition.
2. Principles of Communications – H. Taub and D. Schilling, Gouthamsaha, TMH, Third
edition,2nd reprint,2008.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Communication Systems Analog and Digital – R.P. Singh and S D Sapre, TMH, 2nd Edition,
2008.
2. Electronic &Communication Systems – Kennedy and Davis, TMH, 4th edition, 2004.
3. Modern Digital and Analog communication Systems – B.P Lathi, Oxford 3rd edition

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 12

 ELECTRO-MAGNETIC FIELD THEORY AND ANTENNA

Category: Programme Core Course

Prerequisite: Electricity and magnetism, different laws of electricity and magnetism.
Course Objective: To develop understanding electromagnetic wave and wave propagation using
Maxwell’s equations in different shape. Transmission and receiving of EM-
wave using antennas.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand to Optomize diferrent phenomenons and power of EM wave,
CO2: Analysis of field at different boundaries and propagation of wave in
different medium
CO3: Develop an understanding of material and wave interaction and EM power
radiation from and to a system using antennas.
CO4: Execution of signal transmission and radiation effect project

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT I: (10 Hours)

Introduction, basic antenna parameters, Radiation pattern, radiation power density, radiation intensity,
directivity, beam efficiency, aperture concept, effective height, polarization, input impedance, gain
,radiation efficiency, beam width, bandwidth, beam efficiency, FRIIS, transmission equation, Basic
concepts of Maxwell’s equation, vector potential, wave equation, near field and far field radiation, dual
equations for electric and magnetic current sources.

UNIT II: (10 Hours)

Linear wire antennas: Infinitesimal dipole its radiation field, radiation, resistance, radiation sphere, ear
field, far field directivity, small dipole, finite length dipole, half wave length dipole, linear elements
near or on infinite perfect conductors, ground effects and their application, Folded dipole, sleeve
dipole and their applications
Loop Antenna: Small loop comparison of small loop with short dipole, radiation pattern its parameters
and their application.

UNIT III: (16 Hours)

Arrays: Linear arrays, planner arrays and circular arrays. Array of two isotropic point sources, non-
isotropic sources, principle of pattern multiplication linear arrays of n elements, broadside, End fire
radiation pattern, directivity, Beam width and null directions, array factor. Antenna analysis using Dolph-
Tschebyscheff.
Frequency Independent Antennas: Log periodic and Helical antennas.
Micro-strip antennas: Rectangular & circular patch applications and feed network.
Reflector antennas: Plane reflector, corner reflector, procedures, Radiation mechanisms Dielectric
waveguide, dielectric resonator, dielectric horn antenna.

UNIT IV: (08 Hours)

Antenna Measurement: Antenna Ranges, Radiation Pattern, Gain and directivity, Polarization.
Radio wave propagation Ground wave propagation, Ionospheric- propagation, Propagation losses.

TEXT BOOKS:

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 13

 1. Antenna Theory analysis and design, Costantine A. Balanis, John Wiley publication
2. Electromagnetic, Jordan Balmann, Prentice Hall of India publication
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Antennas-John D. Kraus, Tata McGraw Hill publication
2. Harish A. R., Antenna and wave propagation, Oxford University Press.

COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE

Category: Programme Foundation Course

Prerequisite: Digital Circuits and Computer Fundamentals
Course Objective: The objective is to analyse the designing process of combinational and
sequential circuits, express arithmetic logic and shift micro-operations in
symbolic form at a register transfer level, identify the addressing modes used in
macro instructions, apply algorithms for arithmetic operations and
implementation for ALU design, and develop micro code for typical instructions
in symbolic form.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the designing process of combinational and sequential circuits
CO2: Express arithmetic logic and shift micro-operations in symbolic form at a
register transfer level.
CO3: Identify the addressing modes used in macro instructions practically
CO4: Project and assignment of different algorithms techniques for arithmetic
operations , micro code for typical instructions in symbolic form and
implementation and design of ALU and memory organization.

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

Module-I (10 Period)

Introduction:
Basic Organization of Computers, Classification Micro, Mini, Mainframe and Super Computer. System Bus
and Interconnection: Single and multi-bus, Computer FunctionVon-Neumann M/c: Structure of IAS.
Computer Arithmetic:
Data Representation: Fixed Point Representation, Floating Point Representation. Addition and Subtraction,
Multiplication (Booth Algorithm), Division Algorithm, Floating Point Arithmetic Operation, Decimal
Arithmetic Operation.

Module-II (10 Period)

Instruction Set Architecture:
Instruction Format: Three Address, Two Address, One Address and Zero Address Instruction, Addressing
Modes: Types of Addressing modes, Numerical Examples, Program Relocation, Compaction, Data Transfer
& Manipulation: Data transfer, Data Manipulation, Arithmetic, Logical & Bit Manipulation Instruction,
Program Control: Conditional Branch Instruction,
CPU Organization:
Fundamental Concepts: Instruction-cycle, Fetching and storing a word in Memory, Register Transfer,
Performing an Arithmetic & Logic Operation, Branching. Control word, Stack Organization, Register Stack,
Memory Stack, RPN, Ecaluation of Arithmetic Expression using RPN, Subroutine,Control Unit Operation:
Hardware Control & Micro Programmed Control.

Module-III (10 Period)

Memory Organization:
Computers Memory System Overview, Characteristics of Memory System, The Memory Hierarchy, Semi-
Conductor Main Memory types, Organisation, Memory cell Operation. Cache Memory: Cache Principles,
Elements of Cache Design, Cache Size, Cache Mapping function, Replacement Algorithm, LRU, FIFO, LFU,
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 14
Write policy. Number of Caches: Single versus two level caches, Pentium Cache Organisation. Associative
Memory: Hardware Organisation, Match Logic. Read Operation, Write Operation, Auxiliary Memory:
Magnetic Disks, Magnetic Tape. Virtual Memory: Paging, Paging h/w, Address Mapping using pages,
Segmentation h/w, Demand Paging, Memory Management h/w.

Module-IV (10 Period)

Input/Output Organization:
Peripheral Devices, Input – output Interface, I/O Bus, Interface Module, Asynchronous Data Transfer, Strobe
Control, Handshaking, Asynchronous Serial Transfer, Asynchronous Communication Interface, Modes of
Transfer: Programmed I/O, Interrupt Driven I/O, Direct Memory Access (DMA), DMA Controller, I/O
Channel & Processor.
Interrupt:
Class of interrupt, Priority Interrupt: Daisy Chaining Priority, Parallel Priority Interrupt. Program Interrupt,
Types of Interrupts, RISC & CISC Characteristic.
Parallel Processing:
Flynn's Classification, Introduction to Pipelining and hazards, Speedup, Efficiency, Throughput.
TOTAL: 40 Hours

Text Books:
[Link] Organization & Architecture – William Stallings, 7th Edition, PHI
2. Computer Organization – by [Link], [Link], and [Link], 5th Edition. McGraw Hill.

Reference Books:
1. Computer System Architecture: Morris Mano, 3rd Edition, PHI
2. Computer Architecture and Organization, by - John P. Hayes, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill International
Editions.
3. Computer Organization & Design, (3rd Edition) by – [Link]&[Link] – Morgan Kaufmann
Publishers (Elseviers).

DIGITAL CIRCUITS LAB.

Experiment List:
1. Study of Basic of Logic GATE IC manufacture.
2. Study of basics of Timer IC Manufacture.
3. Study of Multivibrators using NE555 [Astable, stable and Bistable].
4. Verification and Realization of AND, OR, NOT, NOR, XOR and XNOR Gates using NAND
Gates.
5. Verification of Demorgans Theorem using Universal Gates.
6. Half Adder/ Full Adder using Universal Gates.
7. Summer [Voltage Doubler,Voltage Trippler] using Universal Gates.
8. Half Subtractor/ Full Subtractor using NAND Gates.
9. BCD to seven LED Display using IC.
10. Multiplexer/ De-Multiplexer.
11. Encoder/Decoder.
12. Flip-Flops
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 15
 a. RS, T, D, JK using NAND Gate.
b. JK Master Slave Flip Flop using IC.
13. Shift Register.
14. Counters [Module 2/5/10 counters] any one.
15. UP/ DOWN Counter.
16. Analog to Digital converter using IC 0804/ 0808.
17. Digital to Analogconveter using IC 0800/0808.
18. Designing of Memory.

A minimum of 12 (Twelve) Experiments have to be performed and recorded.

COMMUNICATION LAB.

Fundamental Knowledge Based Experiments-

a. Pulse Generation using Timer IC 555.
b. OPAMP IC 741 Basics.
c. Frequency to Voltage Conversion.
d. Voltage to Frequency Conversion.

Experiment List-
1. Study of Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation.
2. Study of Frequency Modulation and Demodulation.
3. Time Division Multiplexing.
4. Frequency Division Multiplexing.
5. Designing of PLL Circuits.
6. Verification of Sampling Theorem and PAM Generation and Detection.
7. Pulse Position Modulation and De-Modulation.
8. Pulse Width Modulation and De-Modulation.
9. Quantization and Pulse Code Modulation.
10. ASK Generation and De-Modulation.
11. FSK Generation and De-Modulation.
12. PSK Generation and De-Modulation.
13. QPSK Modulation and De-Modulation.
14. Data Formatting and Carrier Modulation.
15. Measurement of Numerical aperture of a given optical fiber.
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 16
 16. Spot size calculation of supplied laser light.
17. Optical signal transmission using LED & Photo Detector.
18. IR Transmission and Detection.

A minimum of 12(Twelve) Experiments have to be performed and recorded by the Candidate to

attain eligibility for University Practical Examination.

ALL THE EXPERIMENTS ABOVE MAY ALSO BE PERFORMED IN THE SIMULATION

SOFTWARE.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 17

 SEMESTER – III

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Category: Programme Core Course

Prerequisite: Required knowledge about signals and systems, Basics of Digital Electronics
and Basic understanding of calculus, probability and differential equations.
Course Objective: The objective of the course is to understand a digital image and different
processing techniques for the better analysis of an image.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the need for image transforms different types of
imagetransforms and their properties.
CO2: Analyses image processing techniques for application.
CO3: Practicality of the rapid advances in Machine vision with nexgen
technology and different techniques employed for the enhancement of
images
CO4: Execution of assignment of image segmentation and differentiation.
Project of image enhancement and clarity in imaging can be done.

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT – I: DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS AND TRANSFORMS (9 Hours)

Elements of visual perception: Light, Brightness adaption and discrimination, Pixels, coordinate
conventions, Imaging Geometry, Image sampling and quantization Basic relationship between
pixels: Basic geometric transformations-Introduction to Fourier Transform and DFT : Properties of
2D Fourier Transform , FFT, Separable Image Transforms ,Walsh – Hadamard – Discrete Cosine
Transform, Haar, Slant – Karhunen – [Link] Projection, Spatial Domain
Filtering, sampling and quantization.

UNIT – II: IMAGE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES (8 Hours)

Spatial Domain methods: Basic grey level transformation, Histogram equalization, Image
subtraction, Image averaging, Spatial filtering: Smoothing, sharpening filters,Laplacian filters,
Frequency domain filters : Smoothing, Sharpening filters,Homomorphic filtering.

UNIT – III: IMAGE RESTORATIONAND IMAGE COMPRESSION (16Hours)

Model of Image Degradation/restoration process: Noise models, inverse filtering, least mean square
filtering, constrained least mean square filtering, blind image restoration, Pseudo inverse, Singular
value decomposition.

Lossless compression: Variable length coding: LZW coding, Bit plane coding- predictive coding,
DPCM.
Lossy Compression: Transform coding – Wavelet coding – Basics of Image compression standards:
JPEG, MPEG, Basics of Vector quantization

UNIT – IV: IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND REPRESENTATION (8 Hours)

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 18

Edge detection: Thresholding, Region Based segmentation, Boundary representation: chair codes,
Polygonal approximation, Boundary segments: boundary descriptors: Simple descriptors, Fourier
descriptors, Regional descriptors, Simple descriptors, Texture
TOTAL: 41 Hours
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Image Processing, 3rd Edition, by Rafael C Gonzalez and Richard E Woods.
Publisher: Pearson Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, By Anil K Jain
2. Digital Image Processing, By William K Pratt, John Willey (2001)
3. Image Processing Analysis and Machine Vision, By MillmanSonka, Vaclav hlavac, Roger
Boyle, Broos/colic, Thompson Learniy (1999).
4. Digital Image Processing and Applications, By, B. Chanda, D. DuttaMagundar, Prentice Hall
of India, 2000

BIO-MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Category: Programme Core Course

Prerequisite: Knowledge of human body system and functioning of different organs
Course Objective: To develop understanding of human body parts, involvement of potential and
current and diseases prevailing in them, Diagnosis of diseases, calibration of
intensities of effected part using statistical approach, Electronic instruments used
for detection, diagnosis and therapeutic pusposes.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the basic of Electronic instruments for detection, diagnosis
and therapeuticpurposes
CO2: Analysis and uses of ECG, EEG, EMG, ERG, PLESYTHMOGRAPH,
OXIMETER, DIALYSER for working easily.
CO3: CT SCAN, MRI, BLOOD GAS ANALYSER,ULTRASOUND
ANDENDOSCOPES can be operated and the out put is easily studied by
practical knowledge of these.
C04: Assignment to Execute the above devices and field knowledge of
patient monitoring is developed.

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT I: PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSDUCERS (10 Hours)

Cell and its structure – Resting and Action Potential – Nervous system: Functional organisation
ofthe nervous system – Structure of nervous system, neurons - synapse –transmitters and neural
communication – Cardiovascular system – respiratory system – Basic components of a biomedical
system - Transducers – selection criteria – Piezo electric, ultrasonic transducers – Temperature
measurements - Fibre optic temperature sensors.

UNIT II: ELECTRO – PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS (12 Hours)

Electrodes –Limb electrodes –floating electrodes – pregelled disposable electrodes - Micro, needle
and surface electrodes – Amplifiers: Preamplifiers, differential amplifiers, chopper amplifiers –
Isolation amplifier.
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 19
ECG – EEG – EMG – ERG – Lead systems and recording methods – Typical waveforms.
Electrical safety in medical environment: shock hazards – leakage current-Instruments for
checkingsafety parameters of biomedical equipments.

UNIT III; NON-ELECTRICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS (10 Hours)

Measurement of blood pressure – Cardiac output – Heart rate – Heart sound –Pulmonary function
measurements – spirometer – Photo Plethysmography, Body Plethysmography – Blood
Gasanalysers: pH of blood –measurement of blood pCO2, pO2, finger-tip oxymeter - ESR, GSR
measurements.

UNIT IV: MEDICAL IMAGING (10 Hours)

Radio graphic and fluoroscopic techniques – Computer tomography – MRI – Ultrasonography –
Endoscopy – Thermography – Different types of biotelemetry systems and patient monitoring –
Introduction to Biometric systems

ASSISTING AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS

Pacemakers – Defibrillators – Ventilators – Nerve and muscle stimulators – Diathermy – Heart –
Lung machine – Audio meters – Dialysers – Lithotripsy

TEXT BOOKS
1. [Link], ‘Hand Book of Bio-Medical instrumentation’, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co
Ltd.,
2003.
2. Leslie Cromwell, Fred [Link], Erich [Link], ‘Bio-Medical Instrumentation and
Measurements’, II edition, Pearson Education, 2002 / PHI.

REFERENCES
1. [Link], ‘Bio-Medical Instrumentation’, Anuradha Agencies, 2003.
2. L.A. Geddes and [Link], ‘Principles of Applied Bio-Medical Instrumentation’, John Wiley &
Sons, 1975.
3. [Link], ‘Medical Instrumentation’, John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
4. [Link] and S.K. Guha, ‘Principles of Medical Electronics and Bio-medical Instrumentation’,
Universities press (India) Ltd, Orient Longman ltd, 2000.

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICRO CONTROLLER

Category: Programme Core Course
Prerequisite: Understanding of Digital Circuits
Course Objective: It will provide fundamental idea about architecture and functionality of
microprocessor, its interfacing with peripheral devices and machine label
programming language.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the Intel 8085 and 8086 Microprocessor and their application
CO2: Analyses the Interfacing of microprocessor with peripheral devices
CO3: Application of Microprocessor and Microcontroller in industrial
application easily impleamented.
CO4: Execution of Project and assignment to instal modern microprocessor
based automation and robotic instrumentation.
Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,
assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT – I: 8085 AND 8086MICROPROCESSORS (12 Hours)

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 20

8085 Microprocessor: Architecture, Pin diagram, Physical memory organization, Timing diagrams,
Interrupts of 8085, Instruction set and Assembly Language Programming of 8085.

8086 Microprocessor: Architecture, signal descriptions, common function signals, Minimum and
Maximum mode signals, addressing modes, interrupt structure.

UNIT – II: I/O INTERFACING(12 Hours)

Interfacing with 8086/ 8085: Interfacing with RAMs, ROMs along with the explanation of timing
diagrams. Interfacing with peripheral ICs like 8255, 8254, 8279, 8259, 8259 [Link] with key
boards, LEDs, LCDs, ADCs, and DACs etc.

Introduction to microprocessorslike 80386, 80486.

UNIT – III: 8051 MICROCONTROLLER(10 Hours)

Overview of 8051 microcontrollerArchitecture.I/OPorts. Memory organization, addressing modes
and instruction set of 8051, Interrupts, timer/Counter and serial communication, programming Timer
Interrupts, programming external hardware interrupts, programming of serial communication
interrupts, programming 8051 timers and counters, Introduction to other micro controllers.

UNIT – IV:REAL WORLD INTERFACE DESIGN WITH 8051 (11 Hours)

Real world interface design: LED, SWITCH, keyboard, LCD, ADC, DAC, UART, RTC, PWM,
Watch Dog Timer, DC Motor, Stepper Motors.
TOTAL : 45 Hours
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with the 8085, Ramesh
Gaonkar, Penram International Publishing
2. Advance Microprocessor and Peripherals, By, A.K. Roy and K.M. Bhurchandi, Tata
McGraw-Hill Education
3. Mazidi and Mazidi, The 8051 Micro controller and Embedded Systems, pearson Education.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors: Programming, Interfacing, Software, Hardware,
andApplications , by Walter A. Triebel&Avtar Singh,
2. Micro processors and Interfacing, D. V. Hall, TMGH.
The 8051 microcontroller , Kenneth. J. Ayala. Cengage learning.
3. Microcontrollers and application, Ajay. V. Deshmukh, TMGH.
4. Micro Computer System 8086/8088 Family Architecture. Programming and Design - By Liu
and GA Gibson, PHI.

INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM

Category: Programme Core Course

Prerequisite: Knowledge of circuit theory, electronic devices, digital system and statistics
Course Objective: To develop understanding of Electronic instruments using statistical approach,
used for generation, analysis and measurement of electronic parameters.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand about the Electronic instruments
CO2: Analysis and measurement of electronic parameters and controlling
technology can be done
CO3: Design and modeling of instruments using stability criterion can be done

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 21

 with Data acquisition technique is easier to use practically.
CO4: Project of designing and working of newer electronic instruments with
control mechanism is developed.
Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,
assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT – I: (12 Hours)

Basics of Measurements: Accuracy, Precision, resolution, reliability, repeatability, validity, Errors
and their analysis, Standards of measurement, Torque expression, Galvanometer, Voltmeter,
Ammeter, meter protection Bridge Measurement: DC bridges- wheat stone bridge, AC bridges -
Kelvin, Maxwell and Wien bridges, Electronic Instruments for Measuring Basic Parameters:
Amplified DC meter, True- RMS responding Voltmeter, Electronic multi-meter.

UNIT – II: (8 Hours)

Cathode Ray Tube fundamentals, Sensitivity Expression, Signal Generators: Sine wave generator,
Signal Analysis: Wave Analyzer, THD Analyzer, Spectrum Analyzer (brief idea only) Frequency
Counters: Simple Frequency Counter.

UNIT – III: (8 Hours)

Transducers: Types, Strain Gages, Displacement Transducers, Digital Data Acquisition System, an
Introduction to Computer-Controlled Test [Link]-488 GPIB Bus.

UNIT – IV: (10Hours)

Introduction, System Modeling, Transfer function, Block Diagram & Reduction Techniques, Signal
Flow Graphs, Physical Systems, Feedback Control [Link] criterion, State Space analysis,
PD, PI and PID controller.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Modern Electronics Instrumentation & Measurement Techniques, by Albert D. Hclstrick and William
D. Cooper, Pearson Education.
2. Control Systems Engineering , New Age Publication, Nagrath&Gopal

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Electrical and Electronics Instrumentation, A.K Shawney

2. Control Systems, Schum series

DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING LABORATORY

1. Some commands and programs in MATLAB
i. Declaring matrices, declaring variables/matrices
A = [123; 456; 789]

ii. Keep following things in mind while declaring variables/matrices:

• No spaces
• Don’t start with a number
• Variable names are case sensitive

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 22

 iii. Populating matrix elements with zeros:
B = zeros(3; 3)

iv. Knowing size of matrix:

[rows; cols] = size(A)
Reading Image file

myImage=imread(‘File name with path’)

If name of the image file is [Link] and if it is in /home/chv folder above commands can
bemwritten as: myImage=imread(‘/home/chv/[Link]’)

v. Displaying image
imshow(myImage);

vi. Knowing size of image in pixels:

[Rows, Cols] =size(myImage)
vii. Image resizing
imresize(myImage,[256,256])
viii. Converting Color image into Grayscale image:
myGrayImage=rgb2gray(myImage)
ix. Converting Color image into Binary Image:
myBWImage=im2bw(myImage)
x. Intensity profile along line given by two points on image
improfile(myImage,[0,150],[200,150])
xi. Separate color image into three separate R,G,B planes
myImage=imread(‘[Link]’);

RED=myImage(:,:,1);

GREEN=myImage(:,:,2);

BLUE=myImage(:,:,3);

xii. Combine three separate R,G,B planes to create color image

newImage=cat(3,RED,BLUE,GREEN)

Experiment 1: Scan your own signature and make it clean with thresholding. Run above program for
different threshold values and find out optimum threshold value for which you are getting better result.

Experiment 2: Write Program to read any image, resize it to 256 × 256. Apply square mask shown in
following figure so that only middle part of the image is visible.

Experiment 3: Write your own matlab function addbrightness() and use it to increase brightness of given
image.

Experiment 4:Write a program to demonstrate watermarking using EX-OR operation. Prepare any two
images of size 256 × 256 in paint. Save it in JPEG format 256 gray levels. Perform logical NOR, NAND
operations between two images. Write program and paste your results.

Experiment 5: Write a program to compute the histogram of an input image. Also write program for
calculation and equalisation of the histogram

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 23

 Experiment 6: Take your own photograph in dark area. Improve its appearance using histogram equalization
technique.

Experiment 7:Write and execute program for geometric transformation of image

(a) Translation
(b) Scaling
(c) Rotation
(d) Shrinking
(e) Zooming

Experiment 8: write programs for image restoration

(a) Remove Salt and Pepper Noise
(b) Minimize Gaussian noise
(c) Median filter and Weiner filter
Experiment 9: Write and execute programs to remove noise using spatial filters
(a) Understand 1-D and 2-D convolution process
(b) Use 3x3 Mask for low pass filter and high pass filter
Experiment 10: Write a program to image restoration using the parametric wiener filter.
Experiment 11: Write and execute programs for image frequency domain filtering
(a) Apply FFT on given image
(b) Perform low pass and high pass filtering in frequency domain
(c) Apply IFFT to reconstruct image
Experiment 12: Write a program in MATLAB for edge detection using different edge detection mask.
Experiment 13: Write and execute program for image morphological operations erosion and dilation.
Experiment 14: Write and execute program for smoothing an image using opening and closing.
Experiment 15: To create a program for segmentation of an image using watershed transforms.

MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
* Introduction to 8085 microprocessor (architecture, addressing modes, instruction set)

1. Addition of two 8-bit numbers, result is 8-bits and 16-bits.

2. Subtraction of two 8-bit numbers using sub instruction and without using sub instruction.
3. Addition of two 16-bit numbers.
4. (i) decimal addition of two 8-bit numbers.
(ii) decimal addition of two 16-bit numbers.
5. (i) find the multiplication of two 8-bit numbers.
(ii)find the divison of two 8-bit numbers.
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 24
5. (i) 1’s and 2’s complement of an 8-bit number.
(ii) 1’s and 2’s complement of a 16-bit number.
6. (i) find the largest number in an array of 8-bit numbers.
(ii) find the smallest number in the array of 8-bit numbers.
7. (i) arrange the array of 8-bit numbers in ascending order.
(ii) arrange the array of 8-bit numbers in descending order.
8. Find the square of an 8-bit number using look-up table.
9. Find the factorial of an 8-bit number.
10. Move a block of data from one section of memory to another section of memory.
11. Fibonacci series.
12. (i) binary to bcd code conversion.
(ii) bcd to binary code conversions.
13. Speed control of dc motor.
14. (i) square wave generator.
(ii) sawtooth wave generator.
15. Analog to digital conversions.
16. Microcontroller- addition, subtraction, division,multiplication
17. Basic Operation of Arduino Uno or Other microcontrollers

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 25

 SEMESTER – IV

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

Category: Humanities and Social Sciences Course

Prerequisite: -
Course Objective: To develop and strengthen entrepreneurial quality and motivation in students and
to impart basic entrepreneurial skills and understanding to run a business
efficiently and effectively.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the installation of business unit independently.
CO2: Analyses the ability to discern distinct entrepreneurial traits to gain
knowledge and skills needed to run a business successfully.
CO3: Develop parametric evidences to assess opportunities and constraints for
new business ideas practically.
CO4: Assignments of developing the systematic process to select and screen a
business idea and Execution of projects of Design strategies for successful
implementation of ideas to run a business.
Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,
assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT I: ENTREPRENEURSHIP [9 Hours]

Entrepreneur – Types of Entrepreneurs – Difference between Entrepreneur and Intrapreneur Entrepreneurship

in Economic Growth, Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Growth.

UNIT II: MOTIVATION [9 Hours]

Major Motives Influencing an entrepreneur – Achievement Motivation Training, Self Rating, Business
Games, Thematic Apperception Test – Stress Management, Entrepreneurship Development Programs – Need,
Objectives.

UNIT III: BUSINESS [9 Hours]

Small Enterprises – Definition, Classification – Characteristics, Ownership Structures – Project Formulation –

Steps involved in setting up a Business – identifying, selecting a Good Business opportunity, Market Survey
and Research, Techno Economic Feasibility Assessment – Preparation of Preliminary Project Reports –
Project Appraisal – Sources of Information – Classification of Needs and Agencies.

UNIT-IV: ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT – AGENCIES [9 Hours]

Commercial Banks - District Industries Centre - National Small Industries Corporation -Small Industries.
Development Organization - Small Industries Service [Link] IndiaFinancial Institutions - IDBI - FCI -
ICICI – IRDBI.
TOTAL: 36 Hours

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Khanka. S.S., “Entrepreneurial Development” S. Chand & Co. Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi, 2013.
2. Donald F Kuratko, “Entrepreneurship – Theory, Process and Practice”, 9th Edition, Cengage
Learning 2014.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 26

REFERENCES:

1. Hisrich R D, Peters M P, “Entrepreneurship” 8th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2013.

2. Mathew J Manimala, “Entrepreneurship theory at cross roads: paradigms and praxis” 2nd Edition
Dream tech, 2005.
3. Rajeev Roy, ‘Entrepreneurship’ 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2011.
4. EDII “Faulty and External Experts – A Hand Book for New Entrepreneurs Publishers:
Entrepreneurship Development”, Institute of India, Ahmadabad, 1986.

LASER AND OPTO-ELECTRONICS

Category: Programme Core Course

Prerequisite: Basic Optics, semiconductor physics and electromagnetic field theory.
Course Objective: To develop understanding of different modern lasers and optical communication
are used for generation, analysis and transmission along with effect and affects
of light.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the basic of photonic devices like laser, LED, photodide and
Optical fiber for generation, transmission.
CO2: Analyses the effect and affects of light avoiding drawbacks using optical
amplifiers
CO3: Practically design of connection layout using DCF for loss less
transmission can be done
C04: Execute the project of noise free optical communication ans
different optical sensors with assignment of noise reduction techniques.

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

Unit I(14 Hours)

Quantum Theory of Atomic Energy Levels: Radiative and Non-radiative decay of excited state
atoms –Emission Broadening and linewidth, Radiation and Thermal equilibrium.
Conditions for laser action, Laser Oscillation above threshold, Laser Amplifiers, Requirements for
obtaining population inversion, Rate Equations for three and four level systems, Laser pumping
requirements, Laser Cavity modes, Stable resonators, Gaussian beams, Special Laser Cavities, Q-
switching and Mode locking, Generation of ultrafast Optical pulses, Pulse compression. Examples of
various types of Lasers.

Unit II(08 Hours)

Detection of Optical radiations – Basic Principle, Thermal detectors, Photo multipliers, photo-
conductive detectors, Photo diodes, Avalanche photodiodes, CCDs, Image Intensifiers, Diode
Arrays, Solar Cells.
Noise Considerations Optoelectronic Modulators – Basic principle, Birefringence, Optical Activity,
EO, AO and MO Effects and modulators.

Unit III(10 Hours)

Basic characteristic of Optical Fiber Waveguides – Ray theory- Acceptance angle, Numerical
aperture, skew rays - Electromagnetic Modes in Planar waveguides and Cylindrical Waveguides,
Goos-Haenchen shift - Step index and Graded index Fibers- Single Mode and multimode fibers,
modes and mode propagation in Fibres.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 27

Dispersion in single mode fibers- dispersion induced limitations- dispersion management, Fiber
losses-attenuation coefficient, Nonlinear optical effects-SRS, SBS, SPM - modal birefringence and
polarization maintaining fibers.

Unit IV (12 Hours)

Measurement Methods in Optical Fibers – attenuation, refractive index profile, numerical aperture,
pulse dispersion and bandwidth, cut-off wavelength, bending loss, mode field diameter birefringence
measurements, OTDR.
Coupled mode theory and applications- coupling equations, degenerate and non-degenerate mode
coupling, coupling between optical source to waveguide, fiber to fiber joints, fiber splicing, optical
fiber connector between waveguides Optical Fiber Amplifiers- Optical amplification, Erbium doped
Fiber Amplifier, Fiber Raman Amplifier, Wide band amplifiers. Optical integrated circuits.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Fiber Optics, Ghatak and Thyagarajan, Cambridge University Press (2009)
2. Foundations for Guided wave Optics, Chin-Lin Chen, John Wiley and Sons (2007)
3. Optical Fiber Communications, Gerd Keiser, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw Hill (2008)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Optical Fiber communications, J M Senior, Prentice Hall of India (1994)

2. Fiber Optic communications systems, G P Agrawal, Third Edition, Wiley Interscience
(2002)
3. Integrated Optics-Theory and Technology, R G Hunsperger, Sixth edition, Springer
(2009)
4. Photonics-Optical Electronics in Modern communications, A Yariv and P Yeh, Sixth
edition, Oxford University Press (2007)
Semiconductor Optoelectronics – Jasprit Singh, Tata McGraw Hill, 1995

OPTO-ELECTRONICS LAB.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. E-H field Polarization using Optical Polarizer.
2. Finding Numerical Aperture of SMF 28 Fiber.
3. Spot size calculation of given He-Ne Laser.
4. Study the characteristics of LED, the relationship between LED voltage and current and the
Wavelength of Light Emitted.
5. Study the characteristics of LED &Opto coupler, the relationship between LED voltage and
current and the Current Transfer Ratio (CRT) between Output current and Input current.
6. Familiarize with the construction and operation of Photo Detectors, using Infrared LED and
photo Diode, to couple them and then finding their voltage and current also record and
describe how Radiated light affects the current flow in photo Diode.
7. Familiarize with the construction and operation of photo Transistors, using Infrared LED and
photo Diode, and Transistor, we can make a photo Transistor also plot Voltage and Current
relationship.
8. Familiarize with the construction and operation of Light Dependent Resistors
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 28
 (LDR) or Photo Resistor; use Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) as a Photo Voltaic
Detector and finding output Voltage and LDR Current relationship.
9. A. Evaluate the frequency response of IR LED using Opto Coupler IC (4N25),
estimating 3db response.
B. Study the Characteristics of IR LED and Blue LED, the relation between voltage and
current and the wavelength and compare it.
10. Understanding the principles of light transmission in optical fiber, measure critical angle and
calculate Refractive Index (R.I) of the material of optical waveguide provided.
11. To determine the transmission loss due to bending of fiber cable using Opto Training Kit.
12. Determine the Transmission loss due to connectors (used) length and area of cross-section of
fiber optic cable using Opto Training Kit.
13. To transfer data between Modules over optical fiber.

14. Splicing of the Single Mode Fiber (SMF) by using fusion splicer
15. Signal Interfacing to computers using optical fibre and optical signal.

MAJOR PROJECT:
(i) Final Seminar and Project Report: 6(2+4)
(ii) Internal Assessments: 1+1 = 2

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 29

 PROFESSIONAL ELECTIVE COURSES:
BASICS OF IC TECHNOLOGY
Category: Program Professional Elective Course
Prerequisite: Semicondustor physics, solid state physics
Course Objective: To provide basic knowledge and concepts of the characteristics and principle
semiconductor materials chip developments and the techniques to design and
fabricates ICs and increase their thoroghput.
Course Outcome: CO1: understand the basic concepts of IC design
CO2: Analyses the Fabrication for modern VLSI Technology
CO3: Materials identification for different types of IC making and design of
different circuits in modern electronic instruments can be done practically.
CO4: Project on different nexgen technology to increase throughput of IC
and assignment of Fabrication laboratory for future design.
Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,
assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT-I (06 Hours)

Introduction: Introduction to IC Technology: Basic fabrication steps and their Importance.
Environment of IC Technology: Concepts of Clean room and safety requirements,

UNIT-II (14 Hours)

Processes used in fabrication of modern integrated circuits: Process steps for crystal growth,
Concepts of Wafer cleaning processes and wet chemical etching techniques.
Impurity Incorporation: Solid State diffusion modeling and technology; Ion Implantation modeling,
technology and damage annealing, characterization of Impurity profiles Oxidation: Kinetics of
Silicon dioxide growth both for thick, thin and ultra-thin films, Oxidation technologies in VLSI and
ULSI, Characterization of oxide films, High k and low k dielectrics for ULSI.

UNIT-III (12 Hours)

Lithography: Photolithography, E-beam lithography and newer lithography techniques for
VLSI/ULSI, Mask generation. Chemical Vapour Deposition Techniques: CVD techniques for
deposition of poly-silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride and metal films; Epitaxial growth of
silicon: modeling and technology.

UNIT-IV (10 Hours)

Metal Film Deposition: Evaporation and sputtering techniques, Failure mechanisms in metal
interconnects Multi-level metallization schemes. Plasma and Rapid Thermal Processing: PECVD,
Plasma etching and RIE techniques; RTP techniques for annealing, growth and deposition of various
films for use in ULSI.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Semiconductor Devices (Physics and Technology), S. M. Sze (2nd Edition ) Wiley
2. [Link] (2nd Edition )”VLSI Technology”, McGraw Hill Companies Inc,2003
3. C.Y. Chang and S.M. Sze, “ULSI Technology”, McGraw Hill Companies Inc, 1996.
REFERENCES TEXT BOOKS:

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 30

 1. Stephena, Campbell,“The Science and Engineering of Microelectronic Fabrication”, Second Edition,
Oxford University Press, 2005.
2. James [Link], Michael [Link], “Silicon VLSI Technology” Pearson Education
MACHINE LEARNING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Category: Program Professional Elective Course
Prerequisite: Having an advanced understanding of Linear algebra such as vector and matrix
operations for an in-depth understanding of ML algorithms. Knowing about
calculus especially derivatives, partial derivatives for understanding the inner-
workings of various optimization algorithms. Trigonometry for understanding
some activation functions in AI and distance metrics in ML.
Course Objective: The primary objective of this course is to introduce the basic principles,
techniques, and applications of Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Artificial
Intelligence. Investigate applications of AI techniques in intelligent agents,
expert systems, artificial neural networks and other machine learning models.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the basic principles of AI in solutions that require problem
solving, inference, perception, knowledge representation, and learning
CO2: Analyses fundamental understanding of the history of artificial
intelligence (AI) and its foundations.
CO3: Demonstrate awareness and a fundamental understanding of various
applications of AI techniques in intelligent agents, expert systems,
artificial neural networks and other machine learning models.
CO4: Assignment of Demonstration profciency in applying scientifc method to
models of machine learning. Project Execution of an ability to connect to
to instruments using AI, with state of the art technology.
Outcome Measurement: Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz, assignment,
attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

Unit-1: Introduction to AI and ML. (12 Hrs.)

What Is AI? What is ML?Essential Concepts in Artificial Intelligence and Machine [Link] Data and
Not-So-Big. What is big data? Why Should We Treat Big Data Differently? Types of Learning: supervised
learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcement [Link] Learning Methods Based on Time: static
learning and dynamic learning. Understanding the Data: Understanding Entities, understanding attributes and
Understanding Data Types. Representation and Visualization of the Data: principal component analysis and
linear discriminant analysis.

Unit-II: Machine Learning (18 Hrs.)

Linear Methods: Linear and Generalized Linear Models, Linear Regression, Regularized Linear Regression,
Logistic Regression.k-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) Algorithm: Definition of KNN, Classification and
Regression, Other Variations of KNN.

Perceptron and Neural Networks: Multi-layered Perceptron or Artificial Neural Network, Radial Basis
Function Networks, Overfitting and [Link] Trees: Why Decision Trees?Types of Decision
[Link] for Building Decision Trees,Regression Tree, Classification Tree, Decision Metrics.

Support Vector Machines: Theory of SVM, Separability and Margins: Regularization and Soft Margin
SVM,Use of Slack Variables, Nonlinearity and Use of Kernels:Radial Basis Function, polynomial, sigmoid.

Reinforcement Learning: Characteristics of Reinforcement Learning, Framework and Algorithm.

Time Series Models: Stationarity, Autoregressive and Moving Average Models, Autoregressive Integrated
Moving Average (ARIMA) Models.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 31

 Unit-III: Deep Learning (10 Hrs.)

Origin of Modern Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, 1D Convolution, 2D Convolution,

Architecture of CNN, Training CNN. Recurrent Neural Networks, Limitation of RNN, Long Short-Term
Memory RNN, Advantages of LSTM.

Emerging Trends in Machine Learning: Transfer Learning, Generative Adversarial Networks

Unsupervised Learning: Clustering: k-Means Clustering, Component Analysis: Independent Component

[Link]-Organizing Maps, Autoencoding Neural Networks.

Unit-IV: Artificial Intelligence (8 Hrs.)

Classification, Examples of Real-World Problems in Classification: Spam Email Detection, Regression:

Predicting Real Estate Prices, Ranking,Measuring Ranking Performance, Techniques Used in Ranking
Systems: Keyword Identification/Extraction. Recommendations [Link] Filtering, Amazon’s
Personal Shopping Experience, Netflix’s Streaming Video Recommendations.

TOTAL: 48 Hours

Reference Books:

1. Ameet V Joshi. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-26622-6.
2. S. Russell and P. Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 3rd edition, Pearson Education, 2015.
3. Elaine Rich and Kelvin Knight, Artificial Intelligence, 3rd edition, Tata McGraw Hill , 2017.
4. E. Alpaydin, Introduction to Machine Learning, Prentice Hall of India, 2006.
5. T Hastie, R Tibshirani and J Friedman, The Elements of Statistical Learning Data Mining,
Inference, and Prediction, 2nd Edition, Springer, 2009.
6. C. M. Bishop, Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, Springer, 2010.
7. R. O. Duda, P. E. Hart, and D.G. Stork, Pattern Classification, John Wiley and Sons, 2012.
8. Simon O. Haykin, Neural Networks and Learning Machines, Pearson Education, 2016

DIGITAL VLSI SYSTEM DESIGN

Category: Program Professional Elective Course
Prerequisite: Digital and Analog Circuits
Course Objective: To provide basic knowledge and concepts of the design flow, characteristics, and
principles of operation of CMOS. To impact in depth knowledge on different
MOS logic circuit and modelling of MOS transistor using SPICE.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the fabrication process of high dense IC technology.
CO2: Analysis of the operation of different MOS technology for less device
requirement in small space.
CO3: Practically to avoid heating and development of stability and durability of
ICs
CO4: Assignment of packaging of large scale integration of embedded systems
and project of ultra high speed throuput of VLSI system of embedded
integration.
Outcome Measurement: Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz, assignment,
attendance, written test) and end semester examination.
Unit -I Design styles of Integrated circuits, VLSI Design flow (semicustom, full custom and gate
arraybased design), Introduction to FPGA, The need for a language to design digital circuits, Verilog
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 32
language elements and data types. Structural style modelling, Data flow modeling, Behavioral
modelling.
Unit-II: Combinational logic design, Sequential logic design, Arithmetic circuit design, Synthesis
of RAM, ROM,FSM design, FSM Based Modeling of Digital Circuits,

Unit III: Logic synthesis: two level, multilevel, Technology maping, Timing analysis. Physical
design: Floor planning, Placement, Cock tree synthesis, detailed routing, (Qualitative overview and
problem formulation only)
Unit IV: Introduction to embedded system design, system design methodologies, Introduction
to System on Chip, System on chip design flow, Embedded processor architecture, Profiling
approach, Hw-SW codesign

Text books

1. Verilog Digital System Design (2nd edition) by Z. Navabi, McGraw Hill education (India)
pvt ltd.
2. Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog Design, By Stephen Brown, ZvonkoVranesic
Tata McGraw-Hill edition.
3. Synthesis and optimization of Digital Circuits by [Link], Springer.

4. S. M. Sait and H. Youssef, VLSI Physical Design Automation: Theory and Practice, World
Scientific, 1999
5. Computer System Design System-on-Chip Michael J. Flynn Wayne Luk,published by
Published by John Wiley & Sons (2011), ISBN 978-0-470-64336-5
Reference books:
Embedded Core Design with FPGAs, Z. Navabi McGraw Hill (2007), ISBN 978-0-07-147481-8.

COMPUTER VISION & IMAGE PROCESSING

Category: Program Professional Elective Course

Prerequisite: Good understanding of Linear algebra, Probability Theory and statistics.
Course Objective: This course introduces fundamental concepts and techniques for image
processing and computer vision. Topics to be covered include image formation,
image filtering, edge detection and segmentation, morphological processing,
registration, object recognition, object detection and tracking, 3D vision, etc.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the major concepts and techniques in computer vision and
image processing
CO2: Analyses to understand state of the art technology in research in the
fields computer vision and image processing .
CO3: Computer vision and image processing knowledge by designing and
implementing algorithms to solve practical problems.
CO4: Project to prepare for research in computer vision and image
processingand assignments to develop algorithms.

Outcome Measurement: Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz, assignment,
attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 33

Module-I: [10Hrs.]
What Is Digital Image Processing? Application of Digital Image Processing. Fundamental Steps in
Digital Image [Link] of an Image Processing System. Human Visual System, Image
Sensing and Acquisition, Digital Image Representation: Image Sampling, Quantization. Image size,
Image Resolution, Some Basic Relationships between [Link] and Nonlinear [Link] level
and High level Image Processing,

Module-II: [12Hrs.]
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain:Some Basic Gray Level
[Link] Using Arithmetic/[Link] of
Spatial [Link] Spatial Filters. Sharpening Spatial Filters.
Image Enhancement in Frequency Domain:Introduction to the Fourier Transform and the Frequency
Domain. Smoothing Frequency- Domain Filters. Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters. Homomorphic
Filtering.

Module-III: [10Hrs.]
Morphological Image Processing:Dilation and erosion, opening and closing, Hit-or-Miss
transformations, basic morphological algorithms,
Image Segmentation:Application of image segmentation, Edge Based Segmentation, Threshold Based
Segmentation, Detection of discontinues, Edge linking and boundary detection, thresh holding, Region –
based segmentation.

Module-IV: [10Hrs.]
Computer Vision: Camera Calibration, Patterns, Features Extraction, Statistical Methods
for Classification, Clustering, Scene Matching and Analysis, Bidirectional Reflection Distribution
Function, Optical Flow, Shape from Shading, Structure from Motion, Three Dimensional Structure
Representation.

TOTAL: 42 Hours

Text Books:
1. Rafael C. Gonzales and Richard E. Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, Pearson Education,
Reprint 2004
2. Anil K. Jain, “Fundamental of Digital Image Processing”, PHI, EEE, 3rd reprint 1997

References:
1. David A. Forsyth and Jean Ponce,”Computer Vision: A Modern Approach”, Prentice -Hall,
2004
2. J. R. Parker, “ Algorithms for Image Processing and Computer Vision”, Wiley ,1996
3. Robert M. Haralick and Linda G. Shapiro, “Computer and Robot Vision ”, Addison Wesley,
1992

WIRED AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Category: Program Professional Elective Course
Prerequisite: Knowledge of electromagnetic theory, digital circuit.
Course Objective: To develop understanding of modern digital communication Techniques using
different Transmission and receiving system and the the power involved.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand Data transmission at high speed in different medium using
hybrid Techniques
CO2: Able to Optimize different modern digital communication Techniques
and the power consumption

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 34

 CO3: Data transmission at high speed in different medium using hybrid
Techniques such as 3G,4G,5G.
CO4: Projects to develop noise free communication of signal as well as data.
Assignments of visiting Service providers establishment for applicative
ideas.

Outcome Measurement: Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz, assignment,
attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT I: (10 Hours)

Introduction to exclusive growth of Telecommunication: Wired Telephone system, PSTN, Cellular
telephony and Techniques: GSM, GPRS, GPS, 3G&4G, CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDM.
UNIT II: (10 Hours)
Local Area Network, IEEE LAN Standards, Wireless LAN, world wide web and related technology,
Digital Subscriber line and ISDN.
Television system: Standard for TV and CATV system, Digital TV, HDTV transmission.

UNIT III: (10 Hours)

Satellite Communication System: Digital and analog Television transmission, Data and telephone
signal multiple access, Satellite phone system
Fiber optics system: introduction to high speed data transmission using fiber cables, structure of
optical and electronics linking, Data transmission techniques, ATM, SONET

UNIT IV: 4 (10 Hours)

Link Budget Analysis: Signal power, noise characterization, Link budget evaluation, Eb/N0 link
budget for Digital system. Path loss for wireless [Link] transmission using noise
reduction techniques.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital and Analog Communication system by [Link] II, Pearson Publication.

REFERENCES:
1. Computer Networking. By Keneth C. Mafield and etal.
2. Communication by Taub Schilling.
3. Optical Fiber communication by [Link].

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Category: Programme Professional Elective Course

Prerequisite: Basic of Communication Networks
Course Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce students to
Obtain a broad understanding about the network architecture of wireless sensor
[Link] all basic characteristics of wireless sensor networks and
sensor [Link] principles of data transmission, clustering algorithm and
routing [Link] and development of new network architecture and
MAC protocols.
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 35
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the concepts of wireless sensor network.
CO2: Analysis of Scheduling of medium.
CO3: Practical of data routing and networking
CO4: Assignment of schedule of acess of medium and project on the data
enrooting to different location depending speed and use.

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT – I: ( Hours)
Networked wireless sensor devices, Applications, Key design challenges.
Network deployment: Structured versus randomized deployment, Network topology, Connectivity,
Connectivity using power control, Coverage metrics, Mobile deployment.

UNIT – II: ( Hours)

Localization: issues & approaches, Coarse-grained & Fine-grained node localization, Network-wide
localization, Theoretical analysis of localization techniques.
Synchronization: Issues & Traditional approaches, Fine-grained clock synchronization, and Coarse-
grained data synchronization.

UNIT – III: ( Hours)

Wireless characteristics: Basics, Wireless link quality, Radio energy considerations, SINR capture
model for interference.
Medium-access and sleep scheduling: Traditional MAC protocols, Energy efficiency in MAC
protocols, Asynchronous sleep techniques, Sleep-scheduled techniques, and Contention-free
protocols.
Sleep-based topology control: Constructing topologies for connectivity, constructing topologies for
coverage

UNIT – IV: ( Hours)

Routing: Metric-based approaches, Routing with diversity, Multi-path routing, Lifetime-
maximizing energy-aware routing techniques, Geographic routing, Routing to mobile sinks.
Data-centric networking: Data-centric routing, Data-gathering with compression, Querying, Data-
centric storage and retrieval, The database perspective on sensor networks.

Introduction to Tiny OS, NesC, Sensor Simulator,

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols, and Applications: KazemSohraby, Daniel
Minoli, TaiebZnati , Wiley Inter Science.
2. Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures and Protocols: Edgar H. Callaway, Jr. Auerbach
Publications, CRC Press.
3. Wireless Sensor Networks: Edited by C.S Raghavendra, Krishna M, Sivalingam, TaiebZnati ,
Springer.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Networking Wireless Sensors: BhaskarKrismachari, Cambridge University Press
2. Distributed Sensor Networks: A Multiagent Perspective, Victor Lesser, Charles L. Ortiz, and
MilindTambe , Kluwer Publications.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 36

 3. Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach- by Feng Zhao, Leonidas
Guibas , Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking 2004.

MOBILE COMPUTING
Category: Programme Professional Elective Course
Prerequisite: Data communication and Computer Networks
Course Objective: Describe wireless and mobile communications systems and be able to choose an
appropriate mobile system from a set of requirements.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understands the cellular networks and its areas of working.
CO2: Analysis to avoid or work around the weaknesses of mobile computing,
or to reject mobile computing as a solution.
CO3: Practically Interface a mobile computing system to hardware and networks
and Program applications on a mobile computing system and interact with
servers and database systems
CO4: Assignments of visiting mobile service centers and project of giving ideas
netwok protocol linking to different systems.
Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,
assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

Module – I
A brief introduction to Mobile Telephony:

Cellular Concept, Frequency reuse, Channel Assignment, Handoff Strategies, Interferences and
System Capacity, Improving coverage and capacity in Cellular Systems – Cell Splitting, Sectoring,
Repeaters and Range Extension, Microcell &Picocell Zone Concept. Antennas for Base Station and
hand held Cellular phone.

Module – II
Introduction to Personal Communications Services (PCS): PCS Architecture, mobility management,
Networks signalling, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). System overview: GSM
Architecture, Mobile management, Network signalling. General Packet Radio Services (GPRS):
GPRS Architecture, GPRS Network Nodes.
Module-III
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): The Mobile Internet standard, WAP Gateway and Protocols,
wireless mark up Languages (WML), Wireless Local Loop (WLL): Introduction to WLL
Architecture, wireless Local Loop Technologies.
Third Generation (3G) Mobile Services: Introduction to International Mobile Telecommunications
2000 (IMT 2000) Vision, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), and CDMA 2000.
Module – IV
Mobile Data Communication: WLANs (Wireless LANs), IEEE 802.11 standards, Mobile IP.
Global Mobile Satellite Systems: case studies of the IRIDIUM and GLOBALSTAR systems.
Wireless Enterprise Networks: Introduction to Virtual Networks,VPN, Blue tooth technology, Blue
tooth Protocols, Mobile Adhocnetworks, 4G Technology.

Text Book:
[Link]. Electronics, SU: 37
1. Mobile computing, Talukder, TMH, 2010.
2. Mobile Communication,[Link], Pearson, 2010.
3. Wireless Communication, T. S Rappaport, Pearson.
Reference Book:
1. Guide to Designing and Implementing Wireless LANs, Mark Ciampa, Thomson Learning,
Vikas Publishing House, 2001
2. Wireless Web Development, Ray Rischpater, Springer Publishing
3. The Wireless Application Protocol, SandeepSinghal, Pearson
4. Third Generation Mobile Telecommunication Systems, by [Link], Springer
Publishers.
5. Pervasive Computing, Burkhardt, Pearson

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 38

 MICROWAVE AND ANTENNA THEORY

Category: Program Professional Elective Course

Prerequisite: Electro-magnetic theory and antenna.
Course Objective: To develop understanding microwave generation and propagation using
Maxwell’s equations in different waveguide. Transmission and receiving of EM-
wave using different types antennas.
Course Outcome: CO1: Students will able to understand diferrent Electromagnetic phenomenons
CO2: Students will able to analyse and calculate power of microwave
CO3: Practically calculate field at different boundaries and propagation of wave
in different waveguide and,
CO4: Assignment of developing an understanding of material and wave
interaction along with project of radiation from and to a system using
antennas and its effect and affects..
Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,
assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

Unit I: (10 Hours)

Introduction to Transmission line, Transmission line equations and solution, Reflection coefficient
and Transmission equation, Standing wave ratio standing wave ratio. Line impedance and
admittance. Smith chart, Impedance matching, Micro strip lines. Parallel strip lines.

Unit II: (12 Hours)

Parallel plate Waveguide, Rectangular Wave Guide: Field Components, TE, TM Modes, Dominant
TE10 mode, Field Distribution, Power, Attenuation. Circular Waveguides: TE,TM modes. Wave
Velocities, Microwave Cavities, Scattering Matrix, Passive microwave devices: Microwave Hybrid
Circuits, Terminations, Attenuators, Phase Shifters, Directional Couplers: Two Hole directional
couplers, S Matrix of a Directional coupler, Hybrid Couplers, Microwave Propagation in ferrites,
Faraday Rotation, Isolators, Circulators. S parameter analysis of all components.

Unit III: (12 Hours)

Microwave Tubes: Limitation of Conventional Active Devices at Microwave frequency, Two Cavity
Klystron, Reflex Klystron, Magnetron, Traveling Wave Tube, Backward Wave Oscillators: Their
Schematic, Principle of Operation, Performance Characteristic and their applications. Microwave
Solid state devices: Microwave Bipolar Transistor, Microwave tunnel diode, Microwave Field-effect
Transistor, Transferred electron devices, Avalanche Transit -time devices: IMP ATT Diode,
TRAPPAT Diode.

Unit IV: (12 Hours)

Basics of Antenna: Power radiated by a current element, Application to short antenna, Radiation
from a quarter wave monopole and half wave dipole, Introduction to antenna arrays: Horizontal
pattern in Broadcast arrays, Linear arrays. Multiplication of patterns, Antenna gain, Effective area.

Examples of Types of Antenna: Yagi-Uda Antenna Design, Long-Wire Antennas, folded Dipole
Antennas. Characteristic Properties of Loop Antenna, Application of Loop Antennas, Far Field
Patterns of Circular Loop Antennas with Uniform Current, Slot Antennas, Horn Antennas, Helical
Antennas, The Log-Periodic Antenna, Micro strip Antennas, Reflector Antennas.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 39

Text Books:
1. Microwave Engineering, David M. Pozar, 4thEdition , John wiley& sons.
2. Antenna and Radiowave Propagation, Robert E Collin, Mcgraw-Hill,

Reference Books:
1. Elements of Electro Magnetics, Matthew [Link], Oxford Univ. Press.
2. Microwave Devices and Circuits Samuel [Link]. 3rd Edition Prentice Hall
3. Antenna Theory and Design, Warren L. Strutzmanetal., Eiley and Sons
4. Radio frequency and Microwave Communication Circuit: Analysis and Design, Devendra K.
Mishra, John wiley and Sons.

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

Category: Program Professional Elective Course

Prerequisite: Laser and Optical fober and circuit theory
Course Objective: To develop understanding of modern optical communication and the techniques
used for generation, analysis and transmission along with effect and affects of
light.
Course Outcome: CO1: Able to unerstands techniques and instruments for generation, analysis
CO2: Analyses the transmission along with effect and affects of light.
CO3: Practical knowledge of avoiding drawbacks using Advanced techniques
CO4: Assignment of Design of system and conceptual project to design noise
free Modern high speed data transmission.

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

UNIT –I:

Signal propagation in Optical Fibers: Geometrical Optics approach and Wave Theory approach,
Loss and Bandwidth, Chromatic Dispersion, Non Linear effects- Stimulated Brillouin and
Stimulated Raman Scattering, Propagation in a Non-Linear Medium, Self-Phase Modulation and
Cross Phase Modulation, Four Wave Mixing, Principle of Solitons.

UNIT –II:

Fiber Optic Components for Communication & Networking: Couplers, Isolators and Circulators,
Multiplexers, Bragg Gratings, Fabry-Perot Filters, Mach Zender Interferometers, Arrayed
Waveguide Grating, Tunable Filters, High Channel Count Multiplexer Architectures, Optical
Amplifiers, Direct and External Modulation Transmitters, Pump Sources for Amplifiers, Optical
Switches and Wavelength Converters.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 40

UNIT –III:

Modulation and Demodulation: Signal formats for Modulation, Subcarrier Modulation and
Multiplexing, Optical Modulations – Duobinary, Single Side Band and Multilevel Schemes, Ideal
and Practical receivers for Demodulation, Bit Error Rates, Timing Recovery and Equalization, Reed-
Solomon Codes for Error Detection and Correction.

UNIT -IV:

Transmission System Engineering: System Model, Power Penalty in Transmitter and Receiver,
Optical Amplifiers, Crosstalk and Reduction of Crosstalk, Cascaded Filters, Dispersion Limitations
and Compensation Techniques.

UNIT –V:

Fiber Non-linearities and System Design Considerations: Limitation in High Speed and WDM
Systems due to Non-linearities in Fibers, Wavelength Stabilization against Temperature Variations,
Overall System Design considerations – Fiber Dispersion, Modulation, Non-Linear Effects,
Wavelengths, All Optical Networks.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N.

Sivarajan, 2nd Ed., 2004, Elsevier Morgan Kaufmann Publishers (An Imprint of Elsevier).
2. Optical Fiber Communications – Gerd Keiser, 3rd Ed., 2000, McGraw Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice – [Link], 2nd Ed., 2000, PE.
2. Fiber Optics Communication – Harold Kolimbris, 2nd Ed., 2004, PEI
3. Optical Networks: Third Generation Transport Systems – Uyless Black, 2nd Ed., 2009, PEI
4. Optical Fiber Communications – GovindAgarwal, 2nd Ed., 2004, TMH.
5. Optical Fiber Communications and Its Applications – [Link], 2004, PHI.

INTERNET OF THINGS

Category: Program Professional Elective Course

Prerequisite: -
Course Objective: Students will understand the concepts of Internet of Things and can able to build
IoT applications.
Course Outcome: CO1: Understand the Architectural Overview of IoT.
CO2: Analyses the vision of IoT from a global context.
CO3: Practical application of IoT using different system and techniques.
CO4: Assignment to determine the Market perspective of IoT and project of
application of IOT IN REAL FIELD.

Outcome Measurement:Course outcomes will be measured via internal assessment (quiz,

assignment, attendance, written test) and end semester examination.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 41

UNIT –I: INTRODUCTION (10 Hours)

The Internet of Things Today, Time for Convergence, Towards the IoT Universe, Internet of Things Vision,
IoT Strategic Research and Innovation Directions, IoT Applications, Future Internet Technologies,
Infrastructure, Networks and Communication, Processes, Data Management, Security, Privacy & Trust,
Device Level Energy Issues, IoT Related Standardization, Recommendations on Research Topics.

UNIT –II: IOT ARCHITECTURE (10 Hours)

IoT-An Architectural Overview– Building an architecture, Main design principles and needed capabilities, An
IoTarchitecture outline, standards considerations. M2M and IoT Technology Fundamentals- Devices and
gateways, Local and wide area networking, Data management, Business processes in IoT, Everything as a
Service(XaaS), M2M and IoT Analytics, Knowledge Management.

UNIT –III: IOT LAYERS PROTOCOLS (10 Hours)

PHY/MAC Layer (3GPP MTC, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15), WirelessHART,Z-Wave,Bluetooth Low Energy,
Zigbee Smart Energy, DASH7 - Network Layer-IPv4, IPv6, 6LoWPAN, 6TiSCH,ND, DHCP,ICMP, RPL,
CORPL, CARP Transport Layer (TCP, MPTCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP)-(TLS, DTLS) – Session Layer-HTTP,
CoAP, XMPP, AMQP, MQTT

UNIT –IV: INTERNET OF THINGS PRIVACY, SECURITY AND GOVERNANCE (10Hours)

Introduction, Overview of Governance, Privacy and Security Issues, Contribution from FP7 Projects,
Security, Privacy and Trust in IoT-Data-Platforms for Smart Cities, First Steps Towards a SecurePlatform,
Smartie Approach. Data Aggregation for the IoT in Smart Cities, Security.

TOTAL: 40 Hours
TEXT BOOKS:

1. Jan Holler, VlasiosTsiatsis, Catherine Mulligan, Stefan Avesand, StamatisKarnouskos, David Boyle,
“From Machine-to-Machine to the Internet of Things: Introduction to a New Age of Intelligence”,
1stEdition, Academic Press, 2014
2. Vijay Madisetti and ArshdeepBahga, “Internet of Things (A Hands-on-Approach)”, 1st Edition, VPT,
2014

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Peter Waher, “Learning Internet of Things”, PACKT publishing, BIRMINGHAM – MUMBAI

2. Bernd Scholz-Reiter, Florian Michahelles, “Architecting the Internet of Things”, ISBN 978-3-642-
19156-5 e-ISBN 978-3-642-19157-2, Springer

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 42

 MOOCs courses
Students are required to complete any one of the following MOOCs courses of minimum 8 weeks
duration anytime during his/her entire two years of [Link]. from
[Link] course completion certificate of below said
courses need to be submitted in the final year at the time of Project Viva.

1. An Introduction to Coding Theory 2. Big Data Computing

3. Cloud Computing 4. Image Signal Processing

5. Data Science for Engineers 6. Google Cloud Computing Foundations

7. Pattern Recognition 8. Scalable Data Science

9. Applied Natural Language Processing 10. Introduction to Machine Learning

11. Peer to Peer Networks 12. Animations

13. Embedded System Design 14. Distributed Computing systems

15. Computer Graphics 16. Arduino

17. Microprocessors and Microcontroller 18. Introduction to Soft computing

19. Deep learning 20. Data Analytics with Python

21. Human-Computer Interaction 22. Blockchain Architecture Design and Use cases

23. Computer Vision 24. Virtual Reality

25. Communication Skill 26. Soft Skill and IT Skill

Apart from the abovecourses if any student wishes to do any course from[Link]
[Link] it should not be in there course curriculum of 1st,2nd, 3rd and 4th
Semesters).However, they are allowed to do so with a prior approval of H.O.D.

[Link]. Electronics, SU: 43