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Diffraction

The document discusses the diffraction of light and sound waves, explaining how they bend around obstacles and the conditions that affect this phenomenon. It covers various types of diffraction, including Fraunhofer diffraction, and the factors influencing the diffraction pattern. Additionally, it touches on the concepts of resolution and polarization of light, providing insights into their practical implications in optical instruments.

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10 views39 pages

Diffraction

The document discusses the diffraction of light and sound waves, explaining how they bend around obstacles and the conditions that affect this phenomenon. It covers various types of diffraction, including Fraunhofer diffraction, and the factors influencing the diffraction pattern. Additionally, it touches on the concepts of resolution and polarization of light, providing insights into their practical implications in optical instruments.

Uploaded by

afridbasha1000
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Diffraction of Tight _] > Bending of lignb Yays fiom @horp edges op an opaque ‘owstocle OY aperbuye’ and iby Spreading | io the geomebvige ghadoto. Yegion js defined as diffiacton of 1h ft 149.4 hat i daiation of lyhb fom Ws rechlinear ~Pep, gabon tendency Is defined og idifPrackion of | Night ren sy " coy diffraction, Nets : c=) diffypeti bn “fom Coded Tanga , CERMER (4 > SifochoP 9s discovered Ky Grvimala 2 TBeotitically explained oy fronse|: > diffraction Te possible Th oll’ type oh voaes (Cepth aie Ev empechaniea| yy | Vv vi vichaag f,/%P!!% si Se diptodion shovog ae fae! ee dithiadion (& scanned with OKEN Scanner Pv agaction depends ‘On fy fackors » sae OF obclorle oF yy wavelength of Be ad ap erture Cave» oovhd 4 os Naa ' bin f o : | 0) \ y 1 / , \ \ cout 4feole at Stye of obstacle/apertaye’ is Bilinear hon Usovelengbh of! Night, We, motion of light is Observed: 9 Condilion aft aitPvoution « eo if ¢ige OF: than soa ho tottetion sth pradkically.! obso’ ved) thab operure | obstacle “ig. greater “psa | perature does nob, hors 2 wavelength of light x wo™ } “Bn genesoh obstatle of) this PO, © Neng B Ob sme 2- Sound high (lbmm pH: ‘so it As) gproraity .diFfvoced,, by the Obes. ip Bur daily, ite, ea vith] dip (& scanned with OKEN Scanner dS vittrackon of ulkoSonte wave: 7S: lsd ng} obsewed as daily as sound pave, bOCue Yhely veavelengtn 7 3 of oxdey OF hoy Learn ditNackion of | radio waves is wry Comeniently obsewed because oF WS Very large Wavelength Care m to B50 m)- Lory Con be diffracted.;¢08ly “by crystal a WAS distorevedt’ by ave) ' rok rs Wo ye A) ee 9 VAteRradion; OF Sound , from a vandow hs eft Types’ OF ‘difhbatos Bees 0 Ay, 1) Penser! aie Protkon ke nr ; \ 1 ) a v jaf cither Soureer ows Screen. lov both aye ot. ' Sate distance ‘peor the dito cing device: (ebebacke oy Gperbure, -the diffrochon “© ‘colled! Steneey disFrackion (he /gartein 8 : the 'Shadouo ' oF AifRroctng pice | rapes by * FE rockio0" eed ' } ; eg Sif radioo! al a! obidiig be \edge,! Small. ofrww isc, CORB’ Oe ‘eromaes’ of! hesnel Aig Fra chrom | (& scanned with OKEN Scanner P rab B\)-2) \\ de} 3] } “| \seveer art mie j pee 1) / pe i gavont® ©) Frengels dif radi on ; i sere . sit A [))Fr ounhorer diffracson. Aue, to : | a Single clit BB oy dace ‘ Hifi vt i ee sercen jquoboFer diffraction -- sit Fraunhote: diffachon is a portiular \imting 0. of FreSne| - diffrodion AY Wis ase, ; both ‘Sereen ore effedely OF oo Aston m the difhadiny device & pattern iS the. 5 modified -by dithadion effect / double clit &. ( i I GifFrocion ot Sige cht, ditPection, grating - iyi, 0 aay fia (& scanned with OKEN Scanner difaences f cl { @raunbofer > diffrackon- diFPracion. pits W) indent _g aithraided! ¥ Sure & scree both | y) Source & Scares botr, ave at finite distxe) oF co Aisbance for From she dithador | | diffvaror: i nddent & difrocty wanrefronts aye: | wovetror's ONE Fey, gphevical ot cyinder? due +0 © distance Teal: | from Source. W torors wo loses’ || WH) Lens AXE, used in “Xe ok used For this | dif Fraction obtaining the diffra- parber® con pattern " uy ee “LR Contre of aittradion | Ww) Copke ‘of diFhahs pgkketn Ws Some tine : ws aluonys eight & Gon@eme bright ork. depending 0° qize oF ditfradd & distonce OF Observation Point i yD Amplitude of csave. | ND Amp i ¥ude ‘of woves Coming Hom ciiterei| Coming from aiptevent half pesiod Sorts | halt period Zone ove 1. axe ditferene due Same due to Same | bo AitFerenh op iui obliquity Sr (& scanned with OKEN Scanner yalion~\ as pheon o glits \ | 5 > y j = tee ah Lebel | x oer] ig) > eek : © \ \ | | saps % cohen light sbiKes an = : opaque objed, Ib bencls On the (orneys oF objet & enters shadow veg lor. \ palueninae? | yeqie’ i - shen yh passes grrough Stroll Apert, Vyht bends ayouna Comers of aperture ¢ enters the shadoto regio? on screen ‘ : ' = GF a 6} sry Source ' | s “ie CROW) SeyeON ‘ hh ApS Soge sit aitbacion:. (Fouhoter cxeen dif tyachon » tio | mor yred (& scanned with OKEN Scanner ol Pork Ninge Oceuvg Ab a point yee | AX=A BP- Ap=A astne=A BY dow [ostne=a | frirge. ere actually ax) \ s s y & 100 SG Sl q =a gees | & oo Destructive \ ’ 5 kewl rene wae, serh ye herve ave iz : \oo Cotondary : Souveg oF sbeg-- > ff ' fry iri Usovelels Bay 5. - : | asine= 4 . Sing=_a. % Minima ' = (sh part » BPVety Small. sings 8: reds Ow= 2» a (& scanned with OKEN Scanner sino= A snes ’ oO O~> Small ainOs landA O Sievilayy — ath doko ab BP-AP=nA- “ask Baght Occurs ay place ipheve oSine~ 3A. a " Ax "899 au ba w® aq 1g b +g a4 Mg Ore Yemoining & ag xs of produce 3G3e ala bayhiness \ BG Ce Ala oostruchive Talevterent® (& scanned with OKEN Scanner asing= 3A Heit raed cing =) BL gO ~ BE Ye= 324 Sr = 32 8° Be B\ bd \00 L & av Ala WA) produce AR aR Jrighbress. |’ : 1» thy Ore = Card A, Ay OVP ~~ Qo Fag =) Cama OA Neva ~~ Q=V8-3 ~~ X AER Oo (& scanned with OKEN Scanner Fringe width \ - [Cea Angular, ont 2a ; FAing width @xight Anguley \Fatoge usidth Cw) Wea = 826-815 en ad (& scanned with OKEN Scanner peg Orson, 4 Ks pif trodion j eee, intetlererce ' “Sige ait diffadion oference Occurs bbon % anteterence ocuus bhun 2 Sources (5 &Sd_1_ | eaves Corsing from itt poi : a of ‘Some Soure ra Finge width of ol) |g) Fringe dadth ol fringes ove eavol, Conbrod, rnaximo. % More 1 than other fringe vid Sky oF os) bright Mota 32 ‘Wee Meo= 2 Birger ove ome | | @Sinkensily obo! Bagh tig ave diffeyent. (& scanned with OKEN Scanner > when tne sit uadth 1S reduced: by a fadoy of a, the ome aced by A far, Ts yeduced bude of woaye ok tonbie of Sveen ®& ed of a, so iMtensiby ak cenvve by a factoy of 4 f Ba \watidty of Ray opties. — The distance of Screen from the SIH, So thab cpreading oF Vight due to dif fad, from the@ Cenbye of Screen 1S Just enue) hd. sige, of the glib, 1s, colled Fresel aTstance. tb denoted by Up | Liesl of Yesdtution. - | The Smotlest Noear or angular Seperation Oo pees 4. poiny Objeds!) at! which’ they! Can be, just gperately seeo ov yesolved : Eas Ny ait ver heals Lodi can optical instrument 1S ta\led . the ‘ae of Xesbluifon! gf tbe: Inshonlent NONE hug. i} resolving paver CRB) jo off, loge, pubes of images, ove formed a0! agige ConSeqience OW” Night diffraction 4 from 0 Souice. “xf a ‘Sources axe Soper or ' 7 det f vi rp dé, Such that thet Cenhal moving. do 7 dascal ie (& scanned with OKEN Scanner ry overlap theiy images can be aronrgo’ a & Oe gid to be yesolweds FP of . . i * gpbical Instrument is ibs aplity %0 0 5 ges a Neighbouring pot Nhs Vineay aps a. hele pe oboowed Al lav @pya_ || g— aistonce , bUwr / Nagealay Re=s. A= WW 2 poins Resolving =) ae ied bf Yesp\ubion: ) wicoScore ae Loonie’ azn vefexene tp! erierpsore: ane! micinam | phey aye. Uh ce bon a lines (ab coh diovan . Wmib (RE | se distinct is called resollng, ALC ea pO say RLS : . aNsind: | vied ae pp cye H sigs jxWore lengrn of light used ef ee cere to llurninate the ie Shee Uz Rekvorve index of Medium bbwn objec ¢ objedsve, pe wolf angle of the Cone of Vght yom Point objog: © sine = Numeral oPperture. | a (& scanned with OKEN Scanner VW “Rlestope 1 SP Smatiest angular pains, © tae) btwn a listant objects, Cohese Fry, ave Sepemated tn’ the yelexope bs Alig vesolving Wot _ aad de= Feee Re pel j azapatuve of ohiechve- Note — sy The, Fret _ll vesdlving pataoy of batman 68S, 3) egd A xdegred ; {9 60 — ®) WH inevease both the vesOluing poroa g magnifying Poroer OF a teleStope. Loe hone 40 ANS) (& scanned with OKEN Scanner . Polarisation gee Sared bray Light fs ' 5 MEUM sh er: 2 A Mechanical vodve-, Y sremyulies a WD. a longitudinal wave to bvavel —L0>—-L09-— pret 0D «Tk Laas discovered thot \yhb #s {) an Flectromagne te wane Cem) 5 _ Teo 4) o dyranSverse wave Enohernethan? az emMud i Preapley ' Yip 4 adrection of 1B | erOPA ation oF if WOON @- npclorced light polarised | ‘Ape rons light, the vibrotions of © Occurs, nrnekvicall y thy all divedions in a plane. 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[ight .- Ne na Hh ( ‘port ially y polarised Potonses igh On wtating polaroid, the Tnbenstty of Emergent \ighb voriy btwn mox to Min. i fut never loelomnes “ero (& scanned with OKEN Scanner ‘Intensity oF Pripugh a polorbid- fos hai hor BG h O=0°. #0 Qal Lnpeleris poloicid’ — polarisad Night ~ (olga Wse 3.- B=90°. 8-9-6 Unpotaisal Poke Hoe Playing {Mig FI Ker og 4 Cy ag , 1 ose a: clus Law:~ angle Hor iG b=B A iL ) i @, Polo Mgnt coo nf ool Tp 0," wy “Oo Scanned with OKEN Scanner Polarised, fjghb oben tb posses, X= ¥( 9090)? ffl ot Polaroid 1 ntenily | oto: ' Rrecguency change Ae £4 Po my bo rater Bits, ‘olue Yegion. 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(& scanned with OKEN Scanner AXy= aor) oi AXge a. aye B%a canat al = Oa, coving 9= 30°: A% HAXy =0'99 ram. rad sRuMaP eye Cannob debed polarisation + Yghh : @) Fg. bee shows p gE @ os 9 caualy ovense coherent sources wemMibbing totliahh 6 OF Wavelength gom- The eepeml?s po 8 sm ad Rphaw of P %& obeod ot tre prase OF a by a}, 4/8 AC are Lhoge 3 ditant points 16 F observation. @quidstont fipm the mid-point oF pa. qhe Wersty a Be GC, 08 (& scanned with OKEN Scanner ep 1 abeod of /@ | by, Va s $= Va, ae Ap stotab dy =F AL= =PpAa- -OA ' = pa=sm- ‘b= Ayes BO 2 8% nearer ‘to A 1) Qh

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