DESIGN OF RCC

A Course on
Bachelor of Civil Engineering
(Manmohan Technical University)

Chapter-5:
SHEAR DESIGN
Lecturer:
Er. Rabin Bhattarai
Department of Civil Engineering
Limit State of collapse in Shear
Shear failure of flexure member
(i) Diagonal Tension failure
Occurs under large shear
force and less bending moment as
shown in fig. , such cracks are normally at 400 with
horizontal.
(ii) Flexural Shear failure
Occurs under large bending
moment and less shear
force as shown in fig. , such
cracks are normally at 900 with
horizontal.
(ii) Diagonal Tension failure
Occurs under large shear force as shown in fig. ,
such cracks are normally occur in beams which are
reinforced against heavy shear horizontal. It is
characterized by crushing of concrete.
Shear strength of RC Beam

Studies have shown that shear force is resisted by the

uncracked concrete in compression region, the aggregate
interlocking and the shear acting across the longitudinal steel
bar as shown in fig. .the shear force across the steel bars is
also known as dowel force . Shear reinforcement , if present,
will also resist the shear force.
Shear of RC is contributed by
- Uncracked concrete (20% - 40% of total shear force)
- Aggregate interlock across the diagonal crack (33% -
50%)
- Dowel action of longitudinal tensile bar (15 – 20%)
These three factors to shear strength are represented
by c ( design strength of concrete) with help of % of
tensile steel and grade of concrete from table 19
456:200 page -73
Shear stress of RC beam ( Elastic theory)
𝑉
𝑞=
𝑏𝑗𝑑
q= shear stress
v= shear force at section
j= lever arm
b& d = dimension of beam
AS per IS code 456:2000 the stress based approach
does not represent true behavior of RCC beam in
𝑉
shear. Hence the equation for shear stress 𝑞 =
𝑏𝑗𝑑
has been [Link] recommend the use of nominal
shear stress v for RC beam clause 40 page 72
 𝑉𝑢
(i) 𝜏𝑣 = ( For Uniform depth)
𝑏𝑑
Where, Vu = shear force due to design loads,
b = breadth of rectangular beams
d = effective depth
𝑀𝑢
𝑉𝑢 ∓ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽
𝑑
(ii) 𝜏𝑣 = ( beams of varying depth)
𝑏𝑑
where Vu, b and d are the same as in (i),
Mu = bending moment at the section,
and β = angle between the top and the bottom
edges
.
The positive sign is applicable when the bending moment
Mu decreases numerically in the same direction as the
effective depth increases,
and the negative sign is applicable when the bending
moment Mu increases numerically in the same direction
as the effective depth increases.
Types of Shear reinforcement
(i) Vertical stirrups ( dia.6,8,10,12mm )
(ii) Bent up bars with stirrups
(iii) Inclined stirrups
Vertical legged stirrups
Bent up bars with vertical stirrups
Inclined stirrups
# Design shear strength (τc ) depends on the grade of
concrete and the percentage of tension steel in beams
From IS code table-19 Page 72
# Maximum shear stress τc,max with shear reinforcement (cls.
40.2.3, 40.5.1 and 41.3.1) Table 20 of IS 456 :2000
# Minimum Shear Reinforcement (cls. [Link] of IS
456:200 page 48)
# Maximum Spacing of Shear Reinforcement (cl.- [Link] of
IS 456:2000 page-47)
Sv is least of 0.75d or 300mm ( for vertical stirrups)
Sv is least of d or 300mm ( for inclined stirrups)
# Design of stirrups
When v > c & v < c,max shear reinforcement is to be
designed
& is provided is to be designed in form of vertical stirrups or
bent up bars with vertical stirrups.
# Shear reinforcement is to be provided
To a shear force equal Vus= Vu- c bd
Vus = shear force due to design load
c bd = shear resistance by concrete
Vu= Design shear force

.
Critical section of shear force ( cl-22.6.2 page 36/37)
 Design Steps
Given – Load, Material grade, Area of steel, span of beam
(1) Calculate Design shear force at critical section of beam
(2) Calculate nominal shear stress
𝑽𝒖
𝝉𝒗 = ( for uniform depth)
𝒃𝒅
𝑴
𝑽𝒖 ∓ 𝒅𝒖 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜷
𝝉𝒗 = ( for varying depth)
𝒃𝒅
(3) Calculate c ( design shear strength) from Table-19 page 73
(4) Compare v and c,max (c,max from table 20 page 73)
if c > c,max ( redesign the section)
(5) Compare v & c
If(a) v < c ( no shear reinforcement is required)
Nominal shear reinforcement is to be provided in form of
vertical stirrups.
𝑨𝒔𝒗 𝟎.𝟒
= ( Cl.-26.5.16 page-48)
𝒃𝒔𝒗 𝟎.𝟖𝟕𝝈𝒚

. (b) v > c shear reinforcement is to be designed

(6) Calculate Vus= Vu- c bd
Vus = shear force due to design load
c bd = shear resistance by concrete
Vu= Design shear force
If vertical stirrups are provided
If bent up bars are provided
𝑽𝒖𝒔𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟕𝝈𝒚 𝑨𝒔𝒗 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝜶
𝑽𝒖𝒔
𝑽𝒖𝒔𝟏 > 0.5
𝟐
remaining 𝑉𝑢𝑠2 = 𝑉𝑢𝑠 − 𝑉𝑢𝑠1 ( by vertical stirrups)
(7) Spacing of stirrups (cl.- [Link] of IS 456:2000 page-47)
Sv is least of 0.75d or 300mm ( for vertical stirrups)
Sv is least of d or 300mm ( for inclined stirrups)
(8) Draw Sketches
A RC beam has effective depth of 500mm and width 350mm.
It contains 4-25 mm dai. bars out of which two bars to be
bent up 450 near end support . Calculate shear resistance of
the bottom bars and additional stirrups needed .if factored SF
is 350 KN .clear span is 6m . Take M20 & Fe415 .
Soln Given d= 500mm, b= 300mm, clear span= 6 m
fck=20MPa fy=415MPa,
# Factored SF ( Vu)=350KN
# Nominal shear stress (𝝉𝒗 )
𝑽𝒖 𝟑𝟓𝟎∗𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝝉𝒗 = = =2.0 N/mm2
𝒃𝒅 𝟑𝟎𝟎∗𝟓𝟎𝟎
# Calculate design shear strength(c)from Table-19 page 73
252
𝐴𝑠𝑡 ∗100 2∗𝜋 4
% of steel at support 𝑝𝑡 = = = 0.56%
𝑏𝑑 350∗500
From Table 19(page – 72) for M20 & pt=0.56%
by interpolation , c=0.49 Mpa
# c,max for M20 from Table 20 ( page -72)
c,max = 2.8 Mpa
c,max > v ( ok)
# Compare v & c
v (=2.0MPa) > c(=0.49MPa)
Hence shear stirrups are required
# Vus= Vu- c bd =(350*1000-0.49*350*500)
Vus =264250 N
𝑉𝑢𝑠 264250
= =132125 N
2 2
# Shear resistance taken by two bent up bars
 𝑉𝑢𝑠1 = 2 ∗ 0.87𝜎𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛼
𝜋∗252
= 2 ∗ (0.87 ∗ 415 ∗ ∗ 𝑆𝑖𝑛450 )
4
𝑉𝑢𝑠
=250641N >
2
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝑉𝑢𝑠1 >
2
𝑉𝑢𝑠
𝑉𝑢𝑠1 = = 132125 N
2
# Remaining shear force taken by vertical shear stirrups
𝑉𝑢𝑠2 = 𝑉𝑢𝑠 − 𝑉𝑢𝑠1 = (264250 − 132125)
𝑉𝑢𝑠2 = 132125 N
Provide 8mm dia. 2- legged stirrups
𝜋𝑑 2 𝜋∗82
𝐴𝑆𝑣 = 2 ∗ =2∗ =100.53 mm2
4 4
# Spacing of vertical stirrups
0.87𝜎𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 𝑑 0.87∗415∗100.53∗500
𝑆𝑣 = = = 135𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑢𝑠2 132125
# Spacing corresponding to minimum reinforcement(pg-48)
0.87𝜎𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑣 0.87∗415∗100.53
𝑆𝑣 = = = 259.20𝑚𝑚
0.4𝑏 0.4∗300
# Spacing of shear stirrups ( least value)
=0.75d=0.75*500=375mm
=300mm
=135mm
=259.2mm
Provide 8mm 2-legged stirrups @ 130mm c/c
 350KN

87.75KN

2.25m 0.75m
𝑥
3.0m

6.0m 350KN

Zone for nominal shear reinforcement

𝑉 = 𝜏𝑐 𝑏𝑑 = 0.49 ∗ 350 ∗ 500 = 87.75𝐾𝑁
350 3
= 𝑥 = 0.75𝑚
87.75 𝑥
 2.25m 1.5m 2.25m

8mm @ 130mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

Provide 2-L 8mm  vertical stirrups @ 130mmc/c at a

distance 2.25m from supports on both side& for central
portion Provide 2-L 8mm  vertical stirrups @ 250mmc/c.
 50KN
x 2500mm

200mm
450mm

2200mm
x

width of beam- 300mm design shear at x-x section

portion.M20 & Fe415
Soln.
ck=20MPa , y=415MPa ,
Vw=50KN
M=50*2.2=110KNm
d=D- clear cover-/2
d= 450-25-20/2=415mm
 50KN
450 − 200
𝑇𝑎𝑛𝛽 = = 0.1
2200
The bending moment increases 50KN
numerically in the same direction 100KNm SFD

125KNm
as the depth of section increases.
𝑀𝑇𝑎𝑛𝛽
𝑉 = 𝑉𝑤 −
𝑑 2.2m
110∗0.1 BMD
𝑉 = 50 −
0.415
V=23.50KN
Design SF (𝑉𝑢 )= 1.5*23.50
𝑉𝑢 =35.25KN
same process as uniform depth
S.F BMD
 Design of Torsion
Reinforced concrete sections are also subjected to torsional moments
which cause twisting or warping of the section. Some common examples
of structures subjected to torsional moments are as allows
# Ring beam provided at the bottom of the elevated circular water
tank
# L-Beams
# Beams supporting a cantilever slab.
#Beams curved in plan.
On the basis of simple elastic theory, the shearing stresses induced in a
circular shaft subjected to torsional moment (or torque) is given by the
following equation.
𝑇 𝐺𝜃 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥
= =
𝐽 𝑙 𝑅
where T = the torsional moment or torque applied
J= the polar moment of inertia
G= the shear modulus or modulus of rigidity
θ= the angle of twist
l= is the length of shaft
R= radius of shaft
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = maximum shear stress (above formula for applied in circular shaft)
Reinforcement in Members Subjected to Torsion
( Cl- 41.4) page 75
Equivalent Shear Force and Bending Moment
✓ If 𝑀𝑢>𝑀𝑇, beam is designed as singly reinforced section.
𝑀𝑒1
𝐴𝑠𝑡 =
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑑 − 0.42𝑥𝑢
✓ If 𝑀𝑢<𝑀𝑇, beam is designed as double reinforced section.
Tension Reinforcement:𝑀𝑒1 = 𝑀𝑢 + 𝑀𝑇 & 𝑀𝑒2 = 𝑀𝑇 − 𝑀𝑢
𝑀𝑒1 𝑀𝑒2
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = +
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑑 − 0.42𝑥𝑢 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑑 − 𝑑 ′
Compression Reinforcement
𝑀𝑒2
𝐴𝑠𝐶 =
𝑓𝑆𝐶 𝑑−𝑑 ′
✓Distribution of Longitudinal Reinforcement
✓Distribution of Transverse Reinforcement