Example Use properties to find 36 + 37 + 51.

STEP 1 Line up the numbers STEP 2 Change the grouping. STEP 3 Add.
by place value.
Think: Adding 37 + 51 first
would be easy because there is
no regrouping needed.

36 36
37 37 36
88
+51
_ 1
_ 51 +
_ 88

So, 36 + 37 + 51 = __.

Try This! Use properties to add.

A Find 11 + 16 + 19 + 14. B Find 17 + (33 + 45).

Think: Use the Commutative Property Think: Use the Associative Property
of Addition to change the order. of Addition to change the grouping.

1 1 1 1
10 1 7
1 6 → 1 9 50
1 9 1 6 3 3 5 0
10 +_
4 5 → +_
4 5
+_
1 4 +_
1 4

Math
Talk Mathematical Practices

Share Explain how the Commutative

Share and
and Show
Show and Associative Properties of
Addition are alike and how
1. Find the sum. Write the addition property they are different.
you used.

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

4 6 5 5 5 5
5 5 4 6 5 5
+_
2 4 +__
2 4 +_
2 4 +_
7 0

__ Property of Addition __ Property of Addition

22
 Name

Use addition properties and strategies to find the sum.

2. 13 + 26 + 54 = _ 3. 57 + 62 + 56 + 43 = _

On
On Your
Your Own
Own
Use addition properties and strategies to find the sum.

4. 18 + 39 + 32 = _ 5. 13 + 49 + 87 = _

6. 15 + 76 + 125 = _ 7. 33 + 71 + 56 + 29 = _
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

8. Change the order and the grouping of the addends so that

you can use mental math to find the sum. Then find the sum.

43 + 39 + 43 + 11 = _

_+_+_+_=_
Chapter 1 • Lesson 5 23
 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

9. Mr. Arnez bought 32 potatoes,

DEEPER

29 onions, 31 tomatoes, and 28 peppers to

make salads for his deli. How many vegetables
did he buy?

10. Ms. Chang is baking for the school bake sale. She
bought 16 apples, 29 peaches, and 11 bananas at
the Farmers’ Market. How many pieces of fruit
did she buy?

11. Reason Abstractly What is the unknown

MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICE 2

number? Which property did you use?

(j + 8) + 32 = 49

12. Change the order or grouping to find the

SMARTER

sum. Explain how you used properties to find the sum.

63 + 86 + 77

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Brand X Pictures/Getty Images
13. For numbers 13a–13d, choose Yes or
SMARTER

No to tell whether the number sentence shows the

Associative Property of Addition.
13a. (86 + 7) + 93 = 86 + (7 + 93) Yes No

13b. 86 + 7 = 7 + 86 Yes No

13c. 86 + 0 = 86 Yes No

13d. 86 = 80 + 6 Yes No
FOR MORE PRACTICE:
24 Standards Practice Book
 Name
Lesson 1.6
Use the Break Apart Strategy to Add Number and Operations in Base Ten—
[Link].2 Also [Link].1, [Link].8
Essential Question How can you use the break apart strategy to add
3-digit numbers? MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
MP.2, MP.7, MP.8

Unlock
U l k the
Unlock h Problem
the Problem
P bl
There are more zoos in Germany than in any other
country. At one time, there were 355 zoos in the
United States and 414 zoos in Germany. How many
zoos were there in the United States and Germany
altogether?

You can use the break apart strategy to find sums.

Math
Example 1 Add. 355 + 414 Talk Mathematical Practices

Do you think the sum

STEP 1 Estimate. 400 + 400 = _ will be greater than or
less than 800? Explain.
STEP 2 Break apart the addends. 355 = 300 + +5
Start with the hundreds.
Then add each place value. + 414 = + 10 + 4
700 + 60 + 9
STEP 3 Add the sums.

700 + 60 + 9 = _
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Michael Halberstadt/Alamy Images

So, there were _ zoos in the United States

and Germany altogether.

Example 2 Add. 467 + 208

STEP 1 Estimate. 500 + 200 = _

STEP 2 Break apart the addends. 467 = 400 + +

Start with the hundreds.
Then add each place value. + 208 = + 0 + 8
600 + 60 + 15
STEP 3 Add the sums.

600 + 60 + 15 = _

So, 467 + 208 = _.

Chapter 1 25
Try This! Use the break apart strategy to find 343 + 259.
Estimate. 300 + 300 = _

343 = 300 + +
+ 259 = _____
+ +
+ + =

1. MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICE 6 Explain why there is a zero in the tens place in the sum.

2. How do you know your answer is reasonable?

Share
Share and
and Show
Show
1. Complete.
Estimate: 400 + 400 = _

425 = 400 + + 5
+ 362 = _____
__ + 60 +
700 + + 7 =
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

So, 425 + 362 = _ .

2. Write the numbers the break apart strategy shows.

Math
= 100 + 30 + 4 Talk Mathematical Practices

Explain how the break

+ 200 + 40 + 9
__ = _____ apart strategy uses
= 300 + 70 + 13 expanded forms of
numbers.

26
 Name

Estimate. Then use the break apart strategy to find the sum.
3. Estimate: _ 4. Estimate: _

142 = 459 =
+
__436 = +
__213 =

5. Estimate: _ 6. Estimate: _

291 = 654 =
+
__420 = +
__243 =

On
On Your
Your Own
Own
Estimate. Then use the break apart strategy to find the sum.
7. Estimate: _ 8. Estimate: _

435 = 163 =
+
__312 = +
__205 =

9. Estimate: _ 10. Estimate: _

634 = 526 =
+
__251 = +
__357 =
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Practice: Copy and Solve Estimate. Then solve.

11. 163 + 205 12. 543 + 215 13. 213 + 328 14. 372 + 431

15. 152 + 304 16. 268 + 351 17. 413 + 257 18. 495 + 312

Chapter 1 • Lesson 6 27
 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Use the table for 19–20.

Number of Students
19. DEEPERWhich two schools together have
School Number
fewer than 600 students? Explain.
Harrison 304
Montgomery 290
Bryant 421

20. The number of students in Collins

SMARTER

School is more than double the number of students

in Montgomery School. What is the least number of
students that could attend Collins School?

21. What’s the Error? Lexi used the break apart strategy
to find 145 + 203. Describe her error. What is the
correct sum?
100 + 40 + 5
+ 200 + 30 + 0
___
300 + 70 + 5 = 375

22. PRACTICE Communicate Is the sum of 425 and 390 less

MATHEMATICAL
5

than or greater than 800? How do you know?

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

23. What is the sum of 421 and 332?

SMARTER

Show your work.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

28 Standards Practice Book
 Name
Lesson 1.7
Use Place Value to Add Number and Operations in Base Ten—
[Link].2
Essential Question How can you use place value to add
3-digit numbers? MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
MP.2, MP.7, MP.8

Unlock
U l k the
Unlock th Problem
the Problem
P bl
Dante is planning a trip to Illinois.
His airplane leaves from Dallas,
Texas, and stops in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Then it flies from Tulsa to Chicago, Chicago
Illinois. How many miles does
Dante fly? 585 miles
Tulsa
236 miles

Use place value to add two addends. Dallas

Add. 236 + 585

Estimate. 200 + 600 = _

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Add the ones. Regroup the Add the tens. Regroup the Add the hundreds.
ones as tens and ones. tens as hundreds and tens.

1 1 1 1 1
2 3 6 2 3 6 2 3 6
1
__5 8 5 1
__5 8 5 1
__5 8 5
1 2 1

236 + 585 = _
So, Dante flies _ miles. Remember to add
the regrouped ten
Since _ is close to the estimate of _ , and hundred.
the answer is reasonable.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

• You can also use the Commutative Property 585

of Addition to check your work. Change the __
1 23 6
order of the addends and find the sum.

Chapter 1 29
Try This! Find 563 + 48 in two ways.
Estimate. 550 + 50 = _

A Use the break apart strategy. B Use place value.

563 = 500 + +
563
+_48 = 40 + +_48
+ + =

Use place value to add three addends.

A Add. 140 + 457 + 301

Estimate. 150 + 450 + 300 = _

STEP 1 Add the ones. STEP 2 Add the tens. STEP 3 Add the hundreds.
140 140 140
457 457 457
+
__3 01 +
__301 +
__301
8 98

So, 140 + 457 + 301 = _.

B Add. 173 + 102 + 328

Estimate. 200 + 100 + 300 + _

STEP 1 Add the ones. STEP 2 Add the tens. STEP 3 Add the hundreds.
Regroup the ones as Regroup the tens as
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

tens and ones. hundreds and tens.

1 11 1 1 11
173 173 17 3
102 102 102
+
__328 +
__328 +
__328
3 03
So, 173 + 102 + 328 = _.

30
 Name

Share
Share and
and Show
Show
1. Circle the problem in which you need to regroup.
Use the strategy that is easier to find the sum.
a. 496 + 284

b. 482 + 506

Estimate. Then find the sum.

2. Estimate: _ 3. Estimate: _ 4. Estimate: _ 5. Estimate: _

251 479 686 231

+ 345 + 314 410
__ + 395
__ __ +__
158
Math
Talk Mathematical Practices

Explain how you can

On
On Your
Your Own
Own compute 403 + 201
mentally.
Practice: Copy and Solve Estimate. Then solve.

6. 253 + 376 7. 654 + 263 8. 321 + 439 + 112

9. 182 + 321 10. 701 + 108 11. 543 + 372+ 280

MATHEMATICAL
PRACTICE 2 Use Reasoning Algebra Find the unknown digits.
12. 1 4 13. 7 14. 2 15. 3
+__
3 +__
6 4 +__
29 +__
17
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

257 986 682 903

16. There are 431 crayons in a box and 204

DEEPER

crayons on the floor. About how many fewer than 1,000

crayons are there? Estimate. Then solve.

Chapter 1 • Lesson 7 31
 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Unlock
U l k the
Unlock th Problem
the Problem
P bl
17. SMARTERA plane flew 187 miles
from New York City, New York, to Boston, Boston

Massachusetts. It then flew 273 miles from 273 miles

187 miles
Boston to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The
New York City
plane flew the same distance on the return Philadelphia

trip. How many miles did the plane fly?

a. What do you need to find?

b. What is an estimate of the total distance?–

c. Show the steps you used to solve d. How do you know your answer is
the problem. reasonable?

e. The total distance is _ miles round trip.

18. SMARTER Help Max find the sum of the problem.

4 51
246
+222

For numbers 18a–18d, choose Yes or No to tell if Max should regroup.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

18a. Regroup the ones. Yes No

18b. Add the regrouped ten. Yes No

18c. Regroup the tens. Yes No

18d. Add the regrouped hundred. Yes No

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

32 Standards Practice Book
 Name

Mid-Chapter Checkpoint

Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Choose the best term from the box. Commutative Property
1. A ___ is an ordered set of numbers or objects of Addition
in which the order helps you predict what comes compatible numbers
next. (p. 5) Identity Property of
Addition
2. The _____ states that when you
pattern
add zero to any number, the sum is that number. (p. 5)

Concepts
Concepts and
and Skills
Skills

Is the sum even or odd? Write even or odd. ([Link].9)

3. 8 + 5 __ 4. 9 + 7 __ 5. 4 + 6 __

Use rounding or compatible numbers to estimate

the sum. ([Link].1)

6. 56 7. 271 8. 328
+
__32 +
__ +
__425 +
__ +
__127 +
__

Use mental math to find the sum. ([Link].2)

9. 46 + 14 + _ 10. 39 + 243 + _ 11. 326 + 402 + _
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Estimate. Then find the sum. ([Link].2)

12. Estimate: _ 13. Estimate: _ 14. Estimate: _ 15. Estimate: _

356 164 545 437

+
__442 +
__230 +
__139 +
__184

Chapter 1 33
16. Nancy planted 77 daisies, 48 roses, and 39 tulips. About
how many more roses and tulips did she plant than
daisies? ([Link].1)

17. Tomas collected 139 cans for recycling on Monday, and

twice that number on Tuesday. How many cans did he
collect on Tuesday? ([Link].2)

18. There are 294 boys and 332 girls in the Hill School. How
many students are in the school? ([Link].2)

19. On Monday, 76 students played soccer. On

Tuesday, 62 students played soccer. On Wednesday,
68 students played soccer. How many more students
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

played soccer on Tuesday and Wednesday combined

than on Monday? ([Link].2)

34
 Name
Lesson 1.8
Estimate Differences Number and Operations in Base Ten—
[Link].1 Also [Link].2
Essential Question How can you use compatible numbers and
rounding to estimate differences? MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES
MP.5, MP.7, MP.8

Unlock
U l k the
Unlock th Problem
the Problem
P bl
The largest yellowfin tuna caught
by fishers weighed 387 pounds. The • Does the question ask for an exact
answer? How do you know?
largest grouper caught weighed 436
pounds. About how much more did
the grouper weigh than the yellowfin
tuna?
• Circle the numbers you need to use.
You can estimate to find about how
much more.
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: (bcr) ©PhotoLink/Photodisc/Getty Images, (tcr) ©Jeff Rotman/ImageBank/Getty Images

Yellowfin tuna
One Way Use compatible
numbers.
Think: Compatible numbers are numbers that are
easy to compute mentally and are close to
the real numbers.

436 → 425
2387
__ → __
2 375

So, the grouper weighed about

_ pounds more than the yellowfin tuna. Grouper

• What other compatible numbers could you have used?

Try This! Estimate. Use compatible numbers.

A 73 → 75 B 376 →
–__
22 → –__ –__
148 → – 150

Chapter 1 35
 Another Way Use place value to round.
436 – 387 = ■
STEP 1 Round 436 to the nearest ten.

Think: Find the place to which you

want to round. Look at the
digit to the right.

• Look at the digit in the ones place. 436 436 →

→
__
2 387 __
2
• Since 6 > 5, the digit 3 increases by one.
• Write a zero for the ones place.

STEP 2 Round 387 to the nearest ten.

• Look at the digit in the ones place. 436 → 440

• Since 7 > 5, the digit 8 increases 387 2
__387 → –__

→
by one.

• Write a zero for the ones place.

STEP 3 Find the difference of the rounded

436 → 440
numbers. 2387 → –390
__ __

So, 436 – 387 is about _.

Try This! Estimate. Use place value to round.

A 761 → 800 Think: Round both numbers to

–__
528 → –__ the same place value.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

B 642 → Math
–__
287 → –__
300 Talk Mathematical Practices
Explain a different way you
can round each number in
Example B to find another
estimate.

36
 Name

Share
Share and
and Show
Show
1. Use compatible numbers to 546 → 550
complete the problem. Then
estimate the difference.
−209 → −
__ __

Math
Talk Mathematical Practices

Use rounding or compatible numbers to estimate Explain another way

you can estimate
the difference. 546 – 209.

2. 57 3. 642 4. 374
–_
21 – –__
137 – –__
252 –

On
On Your
Your Own
Own

Use rounding or compatible numbers to estimate the difference.

5. 67 6. 81 7. 936
–_
24 – – 39
_ – –__
421 –

8. 804 9. 584 10. 442

–__
259 – –__
208 – –_36 –

11. 429 – 51 12. 491 – 270

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

– = – =

13. DEEPER There are 262 students in the 2nd grade and
298 students in the 3rd grade. If 227 students take the bus
to school, about how many students do not take the bus?

Chapter 1 • Lesson 8 37
 MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES

Use the table for 14–16.

14. PRACTICE Use Counterexamples Melissa

MATHEMATICAL
3 Largest Saltwater
said the estimated difference between the Fish Caught
weight of the Pacific halibut and the yellowfin
Type of Fish Weight in Pounds
tuna is zero. Do you agree or disagree?
Pacific
Explain. Halibut
459

Conger 133
Yellowfin
387
Tuna

WRITE Math Show Your Work

15. What’s the Question? The answer is about
500 pounds.

16. About how much more is

SMARTER

the total weight of the Pacific halibut and

conger than the weight of the yellowfin tuna?
a??
Explain.

Personal Math Trainer

17. SMARTER +
A total of 907 people went to a fishing
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

tournament. Of these people, 626 arrived before noon.

Alina estimates that fewer than 300 people arrived in the
afternoon. How did she estimate? Explain.

FOR MORE PRACTICE:

38 Standards Practice Book