Chapter 4 – Absorption by Roots (Solved Answers)
Q.1 Choose the correct answer:
1.
(d) Hypertonic salt solution
2.
(b) Turgidity
3.
(d) Grows downward into the soil
4.
(b) Wall Pressure
5.
(b) Muslin cloth
6.
(d) Freely Permeable
7.
(b) Imbibition
8.
(a) Turgor Pressure
9.
(b) Hypotonic salt solution
10.
(b) Exosmosis
11.
(c) The plant will wilt
Q.2 Name the following:
1.
Turgor Pressure
2.
Wall Pressure
3.
Water (solvent)
4.
Imbibition
5.
Root Pressure
6.
Diffusion
7.
Xylem vessels
Q.3 Fill in the blanks:
1.
Cohesion
2.
Adhesion
3.
Turgor Pressure
4.
Turgidity
5.
Apoplast
6.
Plasmolysis
7.
Selectively
8.
Phloem
9.
Epidermal
Q.4 Match the following:
a. Xylem
3. Ascent of sap
b. Root Hair
4. Unicellular structure
c. Phloem
1. Translocation of food
d. Plasma Membrane
2. Selectively Permeable Membrane
e. Cell Wall
6. Fully Permeable membrane
f. Plastic Paper
5. Impermeable membrane
Q.5 One mark questions:
1.
Soil water → Root hair → Cortical cells → Endodermis → Xylem
2.
Odd one: Cell wall; Others are semipermeable membranes
3.
Cellulose, Pectin
4.
Temperature, Concentration gradient
5.
Absorption of mineral ions by root hair
6.
Fluid in the vacuole of plant cells containing sugars, salts, amino acids.
7.
Cell membrane, Egg membrane
8.
A long tubular outgrowth of an epidermal cell that increases surface area for absorption.
Q.6 Two marks questions:
1.
Active transport is the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient using
energy (ATP). Example: Uptake of mineral ions by root hairs.
2.
Functions of roots:
- Absorption of water and minerals
- Anchorage to the soil
3.
In the evening, temperature and transpiration are lower, so water loss is minimized during
transplantation.
4.
Without roots, plants cannot absorb water. Loss of turgidity causes the plant to wilt.
5.
Characteristics of root hair:
- Thin cell wall
- Large surface area for absorption
6.
Symplast Pathway: Water movement through cytoplasm connected by plasmodesmata.
[Diagram to be inserted if needed]
7.
Diagram of root hair cell showing nucleus, vacuole, cytoplasm, thin wall. [Draw if required]
8.
Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop osmosis. It helps in water absorption.
9.
Importance of water:
- Transport of nutrients
- Photosynthesis
10.
Importance of turgidity:
- Maintains plant structure
- Helps keep stomata open
11.
Plasmolysis examples:
- Pickle preservation
- Salting leeches to remove them
12.
Mineral ions are absorbed by root hairs using active transport with the help of ATP.
Q.7 Three marks questions:
1.
(a) Osmosis
(b) Water level in A decreases and in B increases – water moves through semipermeable
membrane
(c) Oil prevents evaporation of water
2.
(a) a – Cell wall, b – Plasma membrane, c – Cytoplasm, d – Vacuole
(b) Plasmolysis – shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic solution
(c) Becomes turgid due to endosmosis
3.
(a) Osmosis
(b) Egg membrane acts as a semipermeable membrane
(c) A – Egg membrane = Cell membrane, B – Concentrated solution = Cell sap
4.
(a) a – Soil water, b – Root hair, c – Cortical cell, d – Xylem
(b) Osmosis
(c) Conduction of water and minerals to aerial parts
5.
(a) b – Nucleus, c – Cytoplasm, d – Vacuole
(b) Absorbs water and minerals from soil
(c) One cell
6.
(a) Osmosis in potato osmoscope
(b) Demonstrates water movement through semipermeable membrane
(c) No rise in sugar solution as boiled potato loses semipermeable property