Drilling Rig

Components
Eng. Muhammad Enjari
‫ّغ‬
‫كورس مص ر متكامل‬
!‫في مكونات الحفارات‬

Training Academy
Agenda
Module 1: Types & Classifications of Drilling Rigs
Module 2: Power System
Module 3: Hoisting System
Module 4: Rotary System
Module 5: Circulating System
Module 6: Blowout Prevention (BOP) System
Module 7: Drill String & Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)
Module 8: Rig Floor Equipment

Eng. Muhammad Enjari

Types & Classifications of Drilling Rigs
i) Onshore Rigs ii) Offshore Rigs
Types & Classifications of Drilling Rigs
A drilling rig is a complex machine used to drill holes into the Earth's surface,
typically to explore for or extract oil, natural gas, or water. It’s a mobile or
stationary setup that includes various mechanical, structural, and hydraulic
components designed to handle the entire drilling process safely and efficiently

Training Academy
Types & Classifications of Drilling Rigs
Based on Location
Type Description Example Use

Oilfields in Texas,
Land Rigs Operate onshore; relatively mobile.
Middle East, etc.

Used in water bodies; more Gulf of Mexico,

Offshore Rigs
complex setups. North Sea

Training Academy
Types & Classifications of Drilling Rigs
Based on Mobility
Type Description
Designed for relocation; includes truck-mounted
Mobile Rigs
and heli-portable rigs

Stationary Rigs Set up for long-term use; harder to move once installed

Training Academy
Types & Classifications of Drilling Rigs
Based on Drilling Method
Type Description
Rotary Drilling Use rotary motion to drill; most
Rigs common in modern operations.

Use hammering action; typically

Percussion Rigs
for water wells or older setups.

Training Academy
Rotary
Drilling Rigs

Training Academy
Percussion
Rigs

Training Academy
Types & Classifications of Drilling Rigs
Based on Power Source
Type Description
Mechanical Rigs Use internal combustion engines.

Electric Rigs Powered by generators/motors.

Hydraulic Rigs Use pressurized fluid systems.

Training Academy
Types & Classifications
of Drilling Rigs

Training Academy
Types & Classifications
of Drilling Rigs

Training Academy
Types & Classifications
of Drilling Rigs

Training Academy
Training Academy
Types & Classifications
of Drilling Rigs

Training Academy
DRILL SHIPS
✓ The drilling apparatus on a drill ship is mounted in
the center of the ship over a moon pool, which is a
reinforced hole in the bottom of the ship through
which the drill string is raised and lowered.

✓ Drillships work in water depths ranging from 2,000

to more than 10,000 feet (610 to 3,048 meters).

✓ The ship can be turned into the oncoming wind or

currents for better stability, and it can operate in
water too deep for anchors.

Training Academy
Power System
The power system supplies the energy required to operate:
Drawworks (hoisting)
Mud pumps (circulation)
Rotary table or top drive
(rotary system)
Auxiliary systems
(lighting, safety systems, HVAC, etc)

Training Academy
Power
System

Training Academy
Power System
Component Function
These are the main engines (usually diesel engines or gas turbines) that
Prime Movers
generate mechanical energy.

Convert mechanical energy from the prime movers into electrical energy.
Generators
Usually AC generators.

Distribute power to different systems on the rig and protect against

Switchboards
overload.

Power specific equipment (e.g., drawworks, pumps, rotary table) using

Electric Motors
electricity.

Control Panels Used to monitor and manage power distribution across the rig.
Power System
Fuel → Prime Movers (Diesel Engines)
→ Generators
→ Electrical Power
→ Switchboard
→ Electric Motors
→ Rig Systems

Training Academy
Power System
Type Description
Direct mechanical connection from engine to
Mechanical Rigs
components (less common today).

Most modern rigs. Use electric motors powered by

Electric Rigs
generators. Easier control and maintenance.

Combination of diesel engines and battery

Hybrid Rigs systems for improved efficiency.
(Used in new-generation rigs)

Training Academy
Power System
Example Use Case
A 750 HP diesel engine powers a generator, which supplies electricity to the mud pump motors,
top drive, and lighting systems. Without this system, the rig cannot operate.

Training Academy
 Hoisting System
The hoisting system is responsible for lifting,
lowering, and suspending heavy loads such as:
The drill string
Casing
Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)

It’s essential during:

Tripping in/out of the hole
Running casing
Handling drill pipes and tools

Main Components of
the Hoisting System

Training Academy
 Component Description
Tall steel tower that supports the hoisting
Derrick or Mast
equipment.

Set of stationary pulleys located at the top of

Crown Block
the derrick.

Set of movable pulleys that travel up and

Traveling Block
down. Suspended by the drilling line.

Large winch that spools the drilling line in or

Drawworks out to control hoisting. It contains a brake
system.

Heavy-duty wire rope that connects the

Drilling Line drawworks to the blocks. Runs through both
the crown and traveling blocks.

Attached to the traveling block; used to

Hook
connect the swivel, top drive, or elevators.

Secures one end of the drilling line to the rig

Deadline Anchor
floor and measures tension.
Hoisting System
How It Works (Basic Operation Flow)
Drawworks pulls the drilling line, moving the
traveling block.
The traveling block raises or lowers the hook,
which carries the load (like the drill string).
The crown block remains stationary and
redirects the line

Training Academy
Hoisting System

Training Academy
Rotary System
The rotary system provides rotational force (torque) to the drill string
and bit, enabling the bit to cut through rock formations during drilling..

Training Academy
 Component Description
Main Components of
A rotating platform on the rig
Rotary Table floor that turns the kelly and drill the Rotary System
string. Found in conventional rigs.
A long square or hexagonal pipe
Kelly that transmits torque from the
rotary table to the drill string.
Fits inside the rotary table and
Kelly Bushing
grips the kelly to rotate it.
Suspended from the hook; allows
Swivel rotation of the drill string while
providing a path for drilling fluid.
A motorized device mounted to
the traveling block that directly
Top Drive
rotates the drill string,
(modern rigs)
eliminating the need for a rotary
table and kelly.
Drive Shaft (in Connects the rotary table to the
Training Academy
rotary table setups) drawworks or power system.
Rotary System
How It Works:
Rotary Table Setup:
The rotary table turns the kelly, which fits through the kelly bushing.
The kelly rotates the drill string and bit.
The swivel allows rotation and mud flow simultaneously.

Training Academy
Rotary System
How It Works:
Top Drive System (Modern Rigs):
The top drive is mounted in the derrick and connected to the traveling block.
It directly rotates the drill string, eliminating the need for kelly and rotary table.
Offers continuous drilling, easier automation, and higher efficiency.

Training Academy
Rotary System

Training Academy
 Circulating System
Circulating System
The circulating system moves drilling fluid
(mud) down through the drill string and
back up the annulus to:
Cool and lubricate the drill bit
Transport cuttings to the surface
Maintain pressure in the wellbore
Stabilize the borehole walls

Training Academy
 Circulating System

Training Academy
Circulating System
Key Components and Flow Path Circulating System
Mud Tanks
Store and mix the drilling fluid (mud).
Have compartments for suction, settling, and
mixing.
Mud Pumps
High-pressure pumps that send mud into the
drill string.
Typically triplex or duplex piston pumps.
Standpipe & Kelly Hose (Rotary Hose)
Standpipe: Vertical steel pipe mounted on the
mast.
Kelly hose: Flexible high-pressure hose
connecting standpipe to the swivel or top drive.

Training Academy
Circulating System
Drill String Circulating System
Mud flows down the drill pipe to the bit
at the bottom.
Drill Bit Nozzles
Mud exits at high pressure, helping
break rock and carry cuttings upward.
Annulus
Space between the borehole wall and
drill pipe where mud flows upward,
carrying cuttings to the surface.

Training Academy
Circulating System
Shale Shaker Circulating System
First stage of solids control. Vibrates
cuttings off the mud so it can be reused.
Desander / Desilter
Remove smaller particles (sand, silt) from
the drilling fluid
Degasser
Removes entrained gas from the drilling
mud (important for safety).
Mud Return Line
Guides mud back to the mud tanks,
completing the cycle.

Training Academy
Circulating System Circulating System
Mud Tanks → Standpipe
→ Kelly Hose
→ Drill String
→ Bit
→ Annulus
→ Flow Line
→ Shale Shaker
→ Mud Tanks

Training Academy
Blowout Prevention
(BOP) System
The BOP system is designed to:
Prevent uncontrolled flow of
formation fluids (a blowout).
Seal the well in case of a kick
(unexpected influx of
formation fluids).
Allow safe pressure control
during drilling, testing, and
well servicing.

Training Academy
Blowout Prevention (BOP) System
Component Function
Uses a rubber element to seal around any shape of pipe or even open hole.
Annular Preventer
Versatile but lower pressure rating.

Steel rams that close around specific shapes (pipe or fully shear/cut the pipe).
Ram Preventers
Higher pressure rating.

• Pipe Rams Seal around the drill pipe.

• Blind Rams Close off an open hole (no pipe).
• Shear Rams Cut the drill pipe and seal the hole.

Provides hydraulic power to close the BOPs quickly and reliably. Stores
Accumulator Unit
pressurized fluid in case of power loss.

Choke and Kill Lines connected to the wellbore for pressure control and fluid circulation during
Lines well control operations.
Drill String & Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)

Training Academy
Drill String & Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)
The drill string is the long column of pipe that
transmits rotary motion and drilling fluid to
the drill bit. The Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)
is the part of the drill string located near the
bit, designed to provide stability, directional
control, and weight to the drill bit.

Training Academy
Component Description Drill String & Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)
The main pipe used in the drill string, typically 30-40 feet long, with outer
Drill Pipe
threads to connect sections.

Heavy Weight Heavier pipe used to stabilize the drill string, added in sections to provide
Drill Pipe (HWDP) weight on the bit.

Drill Collars Thick-walled pipes that add weight to the drill bit to help with penetration.

Tools that center the drill string in the wellbore and prevent bending of the
Stabilizers
drill pipe, ensuring straight drilling.

Devices like mud motors or downhole motors used to control the direction of
Directional Tools
the borehole.

The cutting tool that drills through the rock. Can be roller cone bits or PDC
Drill Bit
(polycrystalline diamond compact) bits.

Connects the drill bit to the rest of the BHA and allows easy change-out of
Bit Sub
bits.
Drill String & Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)

Training Academy
Rig Floor Equipment
Tongs
Slips
Bit breakers
Elevators
Safety clamps

Training Academy
Rig Floor Equipment
Tongs-Large wrench-like devices that are used to tighten up and break out tool joints or
connections. The tongs are connected to the breakout and make up catheads.
Hydraulic tongs are generally used to make up casing and tubing, deriving power from
a hydraulic unit

Training Academy
Rig Floor Equipment
Slips-Latch around the drill pipe and seat in the rotary bushing in the rotary table.
The slips support and transmit the weight of the drill string to the rotary table
while making a connection or tripping pipe.

Training Academy
Rig Floor Equipment
Elevators-The elevators are used for latching on to the
tool joint or lift sub of the drill pipe or drill collars.
This enables the lifting and lowering of the drill string
while making a trip. The elevators are connected to
the hoisting system(traveling block) by means of bails

Training Academy
Rig Floor Equipment

Training Academy
Engineer Muhammad Enjari