EXPERIMENT NO.
– 2
AIM: To Study the applications of Op-Amp 741 as an Adder and Subtractor.
OBJECTIVE: To study the working of op-amp as adder, subtractor of IC 741.
APPARATUS:
1. IC 741
2. Resistors (1KΩ)—4
3. Function generator
4. Regulated power supply
5. Bread board
6. CRO, Multimeter
7. Patch cards and CRO probes
ADDER:
THEORY:
Op-Amp may be used to design a circuit whose output is the sum
of several input signals such as circuit is called a summing amplifier or summer.
We can obtain either inverting or non- inverting summer.
FIGURE 1: THE SUMMING AMPLIFIER OR ADDER (INVERTER TYPE)
In this circuit (see Fig.1) as in the summing amplifier or Adder (Inverter Type) ES = 0, Is O and
If = lin. However, in the summing amplifier (Inverter Type) lin is the algebraic sum of a
number of inputs such as lin1, lin2.lin3 etc. Thus,
Iin1 = Ein1/Rin1, Iin2 = Ein2/Rin2, Iin3 = Ein3/Rin3, etc. and Iin = Iin1+ Iin2+Iin3
Also If = -E0/Rf
And therefore, If = Iin
-E0/Rf = Iin1+Iin2+Iin3
Finally, substituting and regrouping gives
E0 = Ein1(Rf/Rin1) + Ein2(Rf/Rin2) + Ein3(Rf/Rin3)
Which states that the output voltage is the inverted algebraic sum of the input voltages
scaled by Rf. Thus, the circuit may be said to be a scaling adder.
PROCEDURE:
1. Make the circuit diagram as shown in fig (10) with the help of patch cords. Apply V CC
=+15v
2. Apply same D.C. Voltage to all the three inputs and measure the corresponding output.
3. The output will be the approx-10 times of the sum of the input by using formula Eo=
10(Ein1+ Ein2+Ein3)
4. Don't give input such that the OP-AMP gose in saturation state.
5. Apply different D.C. voltage to all the three inputs and the step from 2 to 4.
OBESERVATION TABLE:
INPUT OUTPUT
Sr No.
Ein1(V) Ein2(V) Ein3(V) E0(V)
SUBTRACTOR
THEORY:
A basic differential amplifier can be used as a subtractor. It has two input
signals V1and V2and two input resistances R1andR2 and a feedback resistor Rf. The input
signals scaled to the desired values by selecting appropriate values for the external resistors.
FIGURE 2: THE SUBTRACTOR
From the figure2, the output voltage of the differential amplifier with a gain of
‘1’ (Unity Gain) is,
V0 = -(R / RF) (V2 - V1)
V0 = V2 - V1
Also, R1 = R2 = Rf = 1 kΩ
Thus, the output voltage V0 is equal to the voltage V1 applied to then on inverting terminal
minus voltage V2 applied to inverting terminal. Hence the circuit is subtractor.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as per the diagram.
2. Apply the supply voltages of +15V TO Pin 7 and pin 4 of IC741 respectively.
3. Apply the inputs V1 and V2.
4. Apply two different signals (DC/AC) to the inputs.
5. Vary the input voltages and note down the corresponding output at pin 6 of the IC741
subtractor circuit.
6. Notice that the output is equal to the difference of two inputs.
OBESERVATION TABLE:
Theoretical Practical
V1 (volts) V2 (volts)
Vo = (V1 - V2) Vo = (V1 - V2)
Result:
1. For Adder Rf = -------------------------------------------------- KΩ
Rin = ------------------------------------------------- KΩ
E0 = -------------------------------------------------- V
2. For Subtractor Rf = -------------------------------------------------- KΩ
Rin = ------------------------------------------------- KΩ
E0 = -------------------------------------------------- V