SCIENCE SQP (2024-25)

CLASS X
(Science 086)
Max. Marks: 80 Time Allowed: 3 hours
General Instructions:
1. All questions would be compulsory. However, an internal choice of approximately 33%
would be provided. 50% marks are to be allotted to competency-based questions.
2. Section A would have 16 simple/complex MCQs and 04 Assertion-Reasoning type
questions carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B would have 6 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C would have 7 Short Answer (SA) type questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D would have 3 Long Answer (LA) type questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E would have 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of
assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the values of 1/2/3 marks.

Section-A
Question 1 to 16 are multiple choice questions. Only one of the choices is correct. Select and
write the correct choice as well as the answer to these questions.

1 Identify ‘p’, ‘q’ and ‘r’ in the following balanced reaction

1
Heat
p Pb (NO3)2(s) ------> q PbO(s) + r NO2(g) + O2(g)
A. 2,2,4
B. 2,4,2
C. 2,4,4
D. 4,2,2

2 Match column I with column II and select the correct option using the given
codes. 1

Column I Column II

a. A metal that forms amphoteric oxides (i) Ga

b. A metal which melts when kept on our palm (ii) Au

c. A metal that reacts with nitric acid (iii) Al

d. A metal which cannot displace hydrogen from
(iv) Mn
acids

A. a – (ii), b – (i), c – (iii), d – (iv)

B. a – (iii), b – (i), c – (iv), d – (ii)
C. a – (iv), b – (ii), c – (iii), d – (i)
D. a – (iii), b – (ii), c – (i), d – (iv)
3
1

The solution in the given figure is likely to be

A. HNO3
B. C2H5OH
C. H2SO4
D. CO2 in water
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For Visual Impaired Students
Which among the following is considered as the strongest electrolyte?
A. Dilute acid
B. Dilute sugar solution
C. Glucose solution
D. Ethanol in water

4 An aqueous solution ‘A’ turns the phenolphthalein solution pink. On addition of

an aqueous solution ‘B’ to ‘A’, the pink colour disappears. Which of the following 1
statement is true for the solutions ‘A’ and ‘B’.
A. A is strongly basic and B is a weak base.
B. A is strongly acidic and B is a weak acid.
C. A has a pH greater than 7 and B has a pH less than 7.
D. A has a pH less than 7 and B has a pH greater than 7.

5 When 50g of lead powder is added to 300 ml of blue copper sulphate

solution, after a few hours, the solution becomes colourless. This is an 1
example of
A. Combination reaction
B. Decomposition reaction
C. Displacement reaction
D. Double displacement reaction

6 The electronic configuration of three elements X, Y and Z are X- 2, 8, 7; Y- 2,

8, 2; and Z - 2, 8 1
A. Y and Z are metals
B. Y and X are non-metals
C. X is a non -metal and Y is a metal
D. Y is a non-metal and Z is a metal

7 Which of the following is an endothermic reaction?

A. Burning of candle. 1
B. Cooking of food.
C. Decomposition of Vegetable matter.
D. Reaction of Sodium with air
8 During cellular oxidation of Glucose, ATP is produced along with formation of 1
other products in this reaction. Which of the following events is associated with
production of maximum ATP molecules per molecule of Glucose during this
process? Synthesis of
A. ethanol in yeast
B. lactic acid in muscle cells
C. carbon dioxide in yeast cells
D. carbon dioxide in human cells

9 During which of the following stages of the circulation of blood in a normal 1

human being, the oxygenated blood is pumped to all parts of the body?
A. contraction of the left atrium
B. contraction of left ventricle
C. relaxation of the right atrium
D. relaxation of the right ventricle

10 Which of the following adaptations in herbivores helps in digestions of 1

cellulose?
A. Longer large intestine
B. Smaller large intestine
C. Smaller small intestine
D. Longer small intestine

11 There was a cerebellar dysfunction in a patient. Which of the following activities 1

will get disturbed in this patient as a result of this?
A. Salivation
B. Hunger control
C. Posture and balance
D. Regulation of blood pressure

12 In snails individuals can begin life as male and depending on environmental 1

conditions they can become female as they grow. This is because
A. male snails have dominant genetic makeup.
B. female snails have dominant genetic makeup.
C. expression of sex chromosomes can change in a snail’s life time.
D. sex is not genetically determined in snails.

13 In the following cases, a ray is incident on a concave mirror. In which case 1

is the angle of incidence equal to zero?
A. A ray parallel to the principal axis.
B. A ray passing through the centre of curvature and incident obliquely.
C. A ray passing through the principal focus and incident obliquely.
D. A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis, at the pole of the mirror.
14 1

Choose the correct option for the colour of rays for A and B.

Colour of Ray A Colour of Ray B

A. Blue Red
B. Green Yellow
C. Red Violet
D. Violet Indigo

15 Identify the incorrect statement 1

‘The energy available to the producers is maximum’ because:
A. It is the first trophic level which absorbs1% of light energy directly from
the source.
B. It utilizes the most of the chemical energy for its own respiration, growth,
reproduction, movement etc.
C. It utilizes 10% of light energy and transfers the rest to the next trophic
level.
D. It transfers only 10% of light energy to the next trophic level.

16 Which of the following is not a role of decomposers in the ecosystem? 1

A. Natural replenishment of soil.
B. Enrichment of oxygen in atmosphere.
C. Waste decomposition.
D. Break-down of dead remains.

Question No. 17 to 20 consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer
these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true

17 Assertion (A): On adding dil. HCl to a test tube containing a substance ‘X’, a 1
colourless gas is produced which gives a pop sound when a burning match
stick is brought near it.
Reason (R): In this reaction metal ‘X’ is displaced by Hydrogen.

18 Assertion (A): The number of chromosomes in a cell and in a germ cell is not 1
the same in any species.
Reason (R): When 2 germ cells combine they restore the normal number of
chromosomes in a species.
19 Assertion (A): A convex mirror always forms an image behind it and the image 1
formed is virtual.
Reason (R): According to the sign convention, the focal length of a convex
mirror is positive.

20 Assertion (A): If the lions are removed from a food chain it will not affect the 1
food chain, however if the plants are removed from a food chain it will disturb
the ecosystem.
Reason (R): Plants are producers who can make food using sunlight, while
lions are consumers.

Section-B
Question No. 21 to 26 are very short answer questions

21 Identify the type of each of the following reactions stating the reason for your 2
answers.
A. Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe + heat
B. Pb (NO3)2 + 2KI → PbI2( )+ 2KNO3

22 Differentiate between alveoli and nephron on the basis of the following points: 2
S. No. Feature Alveoli Nephron
1 Structure and location
2 Function

23 Attempt either option A or B. 2

A. List the steps for the synthesis of glucose by the plants. What special
feature is found in desert plants related to this process?
OR
B. Explain the role of the following enzymes in the process of digestion of food
in humans:
(i) Salivary amylase
(ii) Pepsin
(iii) Trypsin
(iv) Lipase

24 2

The above figure shows the formation of an image by a lens shown by a thick
line.
 Analyse the figure and answer the following questions.
A. What is the type of lens used?
B. What is the nature of the image?
C. If the image is formed at a distance of 30 cm from the lens and the
image is twice the size of the object, then where is the object placed?
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For visually impaired students
A. What type of lens always forms a virtual erect and diminished image?
B. List two uses of such a lens.

25 Attempt either option A or B. 2

A.

The electric circuit (above figure) in a clothes dryer contains two heaters X
and Y in parallel. The above figure shows the circuit connected to a 230 V
power supply. When both switches are closed, the current in X is 3.5 A.

Analyse the circuit given above and answer the following questions.
(i) Calculate the power developed in heater X.
(ii) If the resistance of X is double that of Y calculate the current in heater
Y.
OR
B.

The above figure shows two resistors X and Y connected in series to a

battery. The power dissipated for this combination is P1. When these resistors
 are connected in parallel to the same battery then the power dissipated is
𝑃
given by P2. Find out the ratio 𝑃1 .
2

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For visually impaired students
A. We have four resistors A, B, C and D of resistance 3 Ω, 6 Ω ,9 Ω and 12
Ω respectively. Find out the lowest resistance which can be obtained by
combining these four resistors.
OR
B. You are given 2 fuse wires A and B with current ratings 2A and 5A
respectively. Justify with reason which of the two would you use with a
1000W, 220V room heater?

26 The cartoon below addresses a growing concern: 2

[Link] (1148×574) ([Link])

What impact will the process shown in the image have on Humans if they
occupy the last trophic level? Explain.
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For visually impaired students
Create a food chain with more than 2 trophic levels that exists in the
cabbage farm. If Humans occupy the last trophic level, then how would
spraying pesticide affect the humans? Explain.

Section-C
Question No. 27 to 33 are short answer questions

27 A. Anirudh took two metal oxides; aluminium oxide and magnesium oxide as
shown in the pictures given below. But he forgot to label them. How will 3
you guide/ help Anirudh to identify the oxides and label them?
 B. In an activity Aishu was given two substances; Copper Sulphide (Cu 2S)
and Copper Oxide (Cu2O) to obtain copper from these compounds. She
was able to extract Copper successfully. Illustrate with the help of chemical
equations how Aishu might have completed the activity.
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For visually impaired students
Give reasons for the following
i. Certain metals are used for making cooking utensils.
ii. Hydrogen gas does not evolve when certain metals except Mg & Mn
react with nitric acid.

28 Attempt either option A or B.

A. 3
(i) In the given series of reactions, name the compounds X and Z.
(ii) Which type of reaction is X to Z?

(iii) You are given 3 unknown solutions A, B, and C with pH values of 6, 8

and 9.5 respectively. In which solution will the maximum number of
hydronium ions be present? Arrange the given samples in the
increasing order of H+ ion concentration.
OR
B. Comment on the following statements:
(i) Bee sting is treated with baking soda paste whereas wasp sting is
treated with dilute vinegar.
(ii) Farmers treat soil with quicklime when tilling.
(iii) Ancient sculptures and marble structures are conserved by treating
them with certain chemicals.”

29 Water is used by the leaves of the plants for photosynthesis but rather than 3
watering the leaves, we water the plant through the soil. How does this water
reach the leaves of the plant?
30 A. In a family of four individuals, the father possessed long ears and the 3
mother possessed short ears. If the parents had pure dominant and
recessive traits respectively, then calculate the ratio of genetic makeup of
F2 generation. Show a suitable cross. (2)
B. If father had short ears and the mother had long ears, explain what effect
it will have on the ratio of genetic makeup in F2 generation. (1)

31 A. What is the fundamental difference between hypermetropia and myopia 3

in terms of the optical experience of a person?
B. The diagram below shows a special case of an eye defect.
(i) What is the defect that is shown in the figure?
(ii) State one cause for such a defect?
(iii) Explain with reason if a concave lens can be used to correct the
defect.

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For visually impaired students
A. What is the fundamental difference between hypermetropia and myopia
in terms of the optical experience of a person?
B. What are the causes of myopia in the human eye?

32 A. State the relationship between the resistance R of a wire to its length l 3

and cross sectional area A. Use the mathematical symbols to arrive at
the final formula.
B. Using the formula define the resistivity of a material.

33 3

Mona was doing an experiment with a magnetic compass and a straight

current-carrying wire. She observed that as she moved the compass away
from the current-carrying wire, the deflection of the compass needle reduced.
A. Explain why the deflection of the compass needle reduced as Mona moved
away the compass needle from the current carrying wire.
B. Mention one thing that could have changed in the circuit of the wire that
could increase the deflection of the needle.
C. Explain with reason what will be the direction of the magnetic field
associated with the wire for the case described by the above figure.
 Section-D
Question No. 34 to 36 are long answer questions.

34 Attempt either option A or B. 5

A.
(i) “Keerthi thinks that Substitution reaction occurs in saturated
Hydrocarbons, on the contrary Krishi thinks, it occurs in unsaturated
Hydrocarbons.” Justify with valid reasoning whose thinking is correct.
(ii) “Methane and Propane and their Isomers are used as fuels” Comment.
Draw the electron dot structure of the immediate lower homologue of
Propane. Give any two characteristics of homologues of a given
homologous series.
(iii) A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you predict
why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
OR
B.
(i) ‘A’ & ‘B’ are sodium salts of long-chain carboxylic acid and long chain
Sulphonic acid respectively. Which one of A or B will you prefer as a
cleansing agent while using underground water (hand pump water)?
Give the reason for your answer.
(ii) Elaborate on the process of cleansing action. Illustrate micelle with the
help of labelled diagram.
(iii) Write the chemical equation of the preparation of soap from an ester
CH3COOCH3. What is the name of this process?

35 Attempt either option A or B. 5

A. The image below shows a banana plant which is growing with the help of
suckers. These suckers are small plant stem outgrowths which can be
separated from the main plant and planted separately and they will grow
into a new plant subsequently.

Fig.-[Link] (623×609) ([Link])

(i) Give the name and type of reproduction that is shown in the image
above. (1)
 (ii) List two advantages the farmer will have on using the type of
reproduction mentioned above. (2)
(iii) The above plant produces male flowers. Explain how this plant will be
involved in the process of pollination. (1)
(iv) Why is the offspring of this banana plant not absolutely identical to its
parent plant? (1)
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For visually impaired students
A. A banana plant is growing with the help of suckers. These suckers are
small plant stem outgrowths which can be separated from the main plant
and planted separately and they will grow into a new plant subsequently.
(i) Give the name and type of reproduction. (1)
(ii) List two advantages the farmer will have on using the type of
reproduction mentioned above. (2)
(iii) The above plant produces only male flower. Explain how this plant will
be involved in the process of pollination. (1)
(iv) Why is the offspring of this banana plant not absolutely identical to its
parent plant? (1)
OR
B. The image below shows a developing fetus in the mother's womb. The
developing fetus is connected to the placenta by means of umbilical cord.
The Umbilical vein and artery run inside the umbilical cord.

(i) Name two substance that moves through the blood vessels. (1)
(ii) If the placenta has less villi how will it affect the baby’s growth? (1)
(iii) Name the region where the embryo develops inside the female body.
Explain how this region is adapted for nourishing the baby. (1)
(iv) Some of the fetal cells fall off into the amniotic fluid and can be
collected by careful procedure. The cells were screened and found to
contain XY chromosome. (2)
a) What is the sex of the foetus?
b) How is this prenatal sex determination misused?
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For visually impaired students
B. A developing fetus is connected to the placenta by means of umbilical cord.
The Umbilical vein and artery run inside the umbilical cord.
 (i) Name two substance that moves through the blood vessels. (1)
(ii) If the placenta has less villi how will it affect the baby’s growth? (1)
(iii) Name the region where the embryo develops inside the female body.
Explain how this region is adapted for nourishing the baby. (1)
(iv) Some of the fetal cells fall off into the amniotic fluid and can be
collected by careful procedure. The cells were screened and found to
contain XY chromosome.
a) What is the sex of the foetus?
b) How is this prenatal sex determination misused? (2)

36 Attempt either option A or B. 5

A.

The above circuit is a part of an electrical device. Use the information

given in the question to calculate the following.
(i) Potential Difference across R2.
(ii) Value of the resistance R2.
(iii) Value of resistance R1

OR
B.

As shown in the figure above A and B are two lamps. Lamp A is rated at 12 V,
24W. Lamp B is rated at 6.0 V. When lamp B operates at its rated voltage, the
current in it is 3.0 A. The values of R1 and R2 are chosen so that both lamps
operate at their rated voltages.
Based on the information given, answer the following.
(i) Calculate the current in Lamp A.
(ii) State and give reason for the reading of the Voltmeter.
(iii) Calculate the resistance of R2.
(iv) Find the value of the resistance R1.
 --------------
For visually impaired students
A.
(i) State the law and write the formula connecting the electric current
flowing through a conductor and voltage applied across it.
(ii) In a household five fans each of 100W are used for 4 hours and an
electric press of 500W for 2 hours every day. Calculate the cost of
using tube-lights and electric press for 60 days if the cost of 1 unit of
electrical energy is Rs. 6.5.
OR
B.
(i) State Joules law of heating and write its mathematical expression.
(ii) Two resistors of resistances 2𝛺 and 4𝛺 are connected in
a) series
b) parallel
with a battery of given potential difference. Compute the ratio of total
quantity of heat produced in the combination in the two cases if the
total voltage and time are kept the same for both.

Section – E
Question No. 37 to 39 are case-based/data -based questions.

37 4

A. Derive the names of A, Y, Z, M, P & R

Attempt either subpart B or C.
B. Improvise an activity to test Z.
OR
C. Name the process in which compounds X, Y & Z are formed from A.
Justify your response.
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For visually impaired students
 A. Distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid experimentally.
Attempt either subpart B or C.
B. Give the IUPAC name of the first member of Alkene which is formed by
addition of conc. sulphuric acid to it. Illustrate the change with the help
of a chemical equation.
OR
C. “All combustion reactions are oxidation but all oxidation reactions are
not combustion.” Justify.

38 Mohan and Rohit observed that shoots of a plant growing in shade bend 4
towards the sunlight. Whereas, leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant fold and droop
soon after touching. They were curious to know how these movements occur
in plants.

A. Shoots of a plant bending towards light

B. Folding of leaves Touch me not plant

In order to help them understand the movements in the plants, answer the
following questions:
Attempt either subpart A or B.
A. What causes the bending of shoots in the plants as shown in figure A?
OR
B. What causes the folding of the leaves in ‘Touch me not’ plant as shown
in figure B? (2)
C. Compare the movement of growth of the pollen tube towards ovule with
the movements shown in part A of the above figure. (1)
D. Compare the movement shown in figure B with the movement of body
parts in the animals. (1)
 --------------
For visually impaired students

During a field trip, Mohan and Rohit observed that shoots of sunflower plants
bend towards the sunlight. Whereas, leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant begin to
fold and droop soon after touching even during the day. They were curious to
know how these movements occur in plants.
Attempt either subpart A or B.
A. What causes the bending of shoots in the sunflower plants towards
sunlight?
OR
B. What causes the folding of the leaves in ‘Touch me not’ plants when
touched by hand? (2)
C. Compare the movement of growth of the pollen tube towards ovule with
the bending of shoots of sunflower plant towards sunlight. (1)
D. Compare the movement in folding of leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plants with
the movement of body parts in the animals. (1)

39 4

The above image is that of a reflecting telescope. Reflecting telescopes

revolutionised our ways of looking into the sky. They employ mirrors to gather
and focus light, rather than relying solely on lenses as in their refracting
counterparts. These telescopes utilise precisely shaped and polished mirrors
to capture incoming light and reflect it to a focal point, where it forms an image
for observation.
A. What kind of image of the star is seen by the observer at the eyepiece?
B. What kind of mirror is used in this reflecting telescope?
Attempt either subpart C or D.
C. Explain with reason what kind of optical device (type of lens or mirror)
that is used at the eyepiece.
OR
D. What is the role of the plane mirror in the telescope?
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For visually impaired students

Azim Taraporewala was a traveller and science enthusiast. During one of his
travels he found himself on the edge of an island without any mode of
communication. As he had read in many stories, he thought he would light a
fire on the beach and travelling boats or ships could see that fire and come to
give him a ride. He had run out of lighters and match-sticks but had a reading
glass. Being a science enthusiast he knew some tricks and used that lens and
a scrap of paper to light a fire, with the help of scorching rays from the sun.
A. Which lens can be used by Azim to create the fire?
B. What property of the lens helps Azim to create the fire?
Attempt either subpart C or D.
C. List two more uses of this kind of lens.
OR
D. Explain with reason the condition under which the lens can form both
real as well as virtual images.

***********
 MARKING SCHEME
2024 -25
Class X Science (086)

Section-A

1 A. 2,2,4 1

2 B. a – (iii), b – (i), c – (iv), d – (ii) 1

3 A. C2H5OH 1
Alternate question for VI
A. Dilute acid

4 C. A has a pH greater than 7 and B has a pH less than 7 1

5 C. Displacement reaction 1

6 C. X is a non-metal and Y is a metal. 1

7 B. Cooking of food 1

8 D. carbon dioxide in human cells 1

9 B. contraction of left ventricle. 1

10 D. Longer small intestine. 1

11 C. Posture and balance. 1

12 D. sex is not genetically determined in snails. 1

13 B. A ray passing through the centre of curvature and incident obliquely. 1

14 C. Red Violet 1

15 C. It utilizes 10% of light energy and transfers the rest to the next trophic 1
level.

16 B. Enrichment of oxygen in the atmosphere. 1

17 A. A is true but R is false 1

18 B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A 1

19 B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A 1

20 D. A is false but R is true. 1

 Section-B

21 A. Exothermic/Displacement reaction/Redox reaction. (0.5) 2

Heat is evolved or a More reactive element displaces a less reactive
element or aluminium reduces iron (II) oxide to iron (0.5)
B. Double displacement / Precipitation reaction (0.5)
As there is an exchange of ions between reactants and products /
(Yellow) precipitate (of Lead iodide) is formed (0.5)

22 S. 2
No. Feature Alveoli Nephron

1 Structure Balloon like structures Tubular structure

and location present at the terminal ends present in kidneys
of bronchioles in lungs

2 Function Exchange of gases Filtration of blood

to form urine

23 Students to attempt either option A or B. 2

A. Steps of synthesis of glucose in plants:
 Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
 Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water
molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
 Reduction of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
 Desert plants take up carbon dioxide at night and prepare an
intermediate which is acted upon by the energy absorbed by the
chlorophyll during the day. (0.5 x 4)
OR
B.
 Salivary amylase – breaks down starch which is a complex
molecule to sugar.
 Pepsin – Helps to digest proteins in stomach.
 Trypsin – It helps in digesting proteins to amino acids.
 Lipase – Breaking down of emulsified fats to fatty acids and
glycerol. (0.5 x 4)

24 A. The lens is a convex lens. 2

B. The image is virtual.
𝑣 ℎ𝑖
C. Magnification for lens = 𝑢 = = 2.
ℎ𝑜
−30𝑐𝑚
=2
𝑢
Hence u = -15 cm
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For visually impaired students
A. concave lens (1)
B. correction of myopia and peepholes of doors or any other correct
alternative. (1)
25 Student to attempt either A or B. 2
A. P = VI (1)
= 230 × 3.5 = 805 W
1
I ∝𝑅, so half the resistance means double the current.
Therefore, current in Y = 7.0 A. (1)
OR
B. For series total resistance is R+2R = 3R (0.5)
𝑉2
P1 = 3𝑅. (0.5)
2𝑅
For parallel total Resistance is . (0.5)
3
𝑉2 3𝑉 2
P2 = = .
2𝑅/3 2𝑅
𝑃1 2
= . (0.5)
𝑃2 9
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For visually impaired students

A. The resistance will be lowest/minimum if all the resistors are

connected in parallel.
The equivalent resistance in parallel combination is given by (0.5)
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑣 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3 𝑅4
(0.5)
Substituting the values, we get
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑣 3 6 9 12
(0.5)
12 + 6 + 4 + 2 24 2
= = =
36 36 3
3
𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑣 = = 1.5 𝛺
2
(0.5)

OR
B. 𝑃 = 𝑉 × 𝐼 (0.5)
𝑃 1000
𝐼=𝑉 = = 4.54 𝐴 (0.5)
220
We will be using fuse B with is rated as 5A. This is because it will be
able to sustain the current (4.54 A) passing through it. Whereas fuse
A will melt and break the circuit as the current exceeds its rating. (1)

26 Pesticides are non-biodegradable/ keep getting accumulated at each trophic 2

level, / persist for longer time/ and thus last trophic level has highest
concentration/ humans will have the highest concentration of pesticides/
leads to bio-magnification. (any 2 points)
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For visually impaired students
 Cabbage/plant-> rabbit-> snake-> owl (Any other relevant food chain) (1)
Pesticides are non-biodegradable and persist for long. So when humans
consume plants or any animal that consume this plant, the pesticide enters
the food chain and keeps getting accumulated at each trophic level, thus the
organism in the last trophic level-human being has the highest concentration
of pesticide and this is called biological magnification. (1)

Section-C

27 A. Aqueous solution of magnesium oxide turns red litmus to blue. 3

Aluminium oxide is amphoteric and insoluble in water. Thus, it does
not change the colour of either blue or red litmus.
OR
Magnesium oxide reacts with acid only whereas Aluminium oxide reacts
with acids and bases, which are amphoteric. (1)
B.

(1+1)

- -- - - - - - - - -
For visually impaired students
A. Certain metals (like aluminium/ copper) are used for making cooking
utensils as they are good conductors of heat and have high melting
points. (0.5 + 0.5)
B. Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid. This
is because HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent. It oxidises the H2
produced to water and itself gets reduced to any of the nitrogen oxides
(N2O, NO, NO2). But magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) react
with very dilute HNO3 to evolve H2 gas. (1+1)

28 Students to attempt either A or B. 3

A.
(i) X = NaHCO3; Z = Na2CO3 (0.5+0.5)
(ii) Decomposition reaction (0.5)
(iii) Solution A (0.5)
(iv) Increasing order or H+ ions C<B<A (1)
OR
B.
(i) As bee sting is acidic and wasp sting is basic. (1)
(ii) To change the nature of soil to (neutral or basic). (1)
(iii) To protect sculptures from the effects of certain gases present in
environment and acid rain. (1)

29 ● In plants, the water is absorbed by the plants from the soil through the 3
roots. Xylem tissue of the roots, stems and leaves are interconnected
to form a continuous system of water conducting channels. (1)
● During the day, when stomata are open, the transpiration pull becomes
 the major driving force for the movement of water in the xylem. (1)
● Evaporation of water molecules from the stomata creates a suction
which pulls water from the xylem cells of roots to the stem and then to
the leaves. (1)

30 (Any letter which clearly indicated dominant and recessive ears, example, L 3
or E or any other)
A. LL × ll
F1= Ll
Ll X Ll
1LL:2Ll:1ll. (2)
B. No change in ratio/the ratio of F2 generation will still be 1LL:2Ll:1ll/ ratio
will be the same.
As the cross is still between a pure dominant and recessive allele/
genes/ traits/characters /as shown in the cross above. (1)

31 A. Hypermetropia is a defect that causes difficulty in focusing on near 3

objects, with clearer vision observed for distant objects. In Myopia
distant objects appear blurry while near objects are seen clearly. (1)
B.
(i) The image shows a case of hypermetropia. (0.5)
(ii) shortening of the eyeball or focal length of the eye lens becomes
too long. (0.5)
(iii) No the concave lens would diverge the rays coming to the eyeball
and will push the image even further, but a convex lens should be
used which will help to converge the rays and create the image at
the exact place on the retina. (1)

------------
For visually impaired students
A. Hypermetropia is a defect that causes difficulty in focusing on near
objects, with clearer vision observed for distant objects. In Myopia
distant objects appear blurry while near objects are seen
clearly. (1)
B. High converging power of eye lens, elongation of eye-ball. (2)

32 A. 3
R∝𝑙
𝑙
R∝
𝐴
𝑙
R = 𝜌 𝐴. (1.5)
B.
𝑙
R = 𝜌𝐴
𝐴
𝜌 = R 𝑙 for A =1m2 and l =1m, we have
𝜌=R
Hence resistivity is the resistance offered by a wire of length 1 m having a
cross sectional area of 1 m2. (1.5)

33 A. Magnetic field strength is inversely proportional to the distance from the 3

 current carrying wire. Hence when Mona moved the compass away from
the current carrying wire, the magnetic effect was less on it and hence the
deflection was less. (1)
B. Magnetic field strength is directly proportional to the current in the wire.
So, Mona could increase the current in the circuit to observe a greater
deflection in the compass needle. (1)
C. The battery suggests that the current is going from top of the plane to the
bottom of the plane. Using the right hand thumb rule we can say that the
magnetic field will be clockwise. (1)

Section-D

34 Student to attempt either option A or B. 5

A.
(i) Keerthi’s thinking is correct as substitution reactions occur in
saturated hydrocarbons, hydrogen atoms are replaced with
heteroatoms in saturated hydrocarbons. Whereas in unsaturated
hydrocarbons an addition reaction occurs, simple molecules are
added across double and/or triple bonds. (1)
(ii) Methane and propane undergo combustion reaction in presence of
oxygen and produce large amount of energy. (1)
The lower homologue of propane is ethane has the following electron
dot structure:

(1)
ANY TWO CHARACTERISTICS
- Difference in -CH2- / 14u molecular mass of any two adjacent
homologues.
- Same general formula/ functional group
- Similar chemical properties
- Gradual change in physical properties (1)
(iii) The mixture of ethyne and oxygen in sufficient amounts undergoes
complete combustion to fire a clean blue flame. In pressure of
insufficient supply of oxygen or in presence of air, ethyne does not
undergo complete combustion and produces sooty flame. (1)
OR
 B.
(i) ‘B’ is preferred for cleansing action. The calcium and magnesium salts
present in underground water are precipitated with carboxylic acids.
The Ca++ and Mg++ salts of sulphonic acid are soluble in water. ‘B’ is
a more effective cleansing agent in presence of Ca and Mg salts. (1)
(ii)
 Soaps are molecules in which the two ends have differing
properties, one is hydrophilic, that is, it dissolves in water, while the
other end is hydrophobic, that is, it dissolves in hydrocarbons.
 The molecules of soap are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain
carboxylic acids. The ionic end of soap dissolves in water while the
carbon chain dissolves in oil. The soap molecules, thus form
structures called micelles where one end of the molecules is
towards the oil droplet while the ionic end faces outside. This forms
an emulsion in water. The soap micelle thus helps in dissolving the
dirt in water and we can wash our clothes clean

(Labelled fig - 1 + 2)
(iii) CH3COOCH3+ NaOH  CH3COONa+ CH3OH
The process is saponification. (0.5 + 0.5)

35 Students to attempt either option A or B. 5

A.
(i) Vegetative propagation/ asexual reproduction. (0.5+0.5)
(ii) More crops in same time interval, genetically identical, flower fruit
faster, no need to depend on pollinators. (1+1)
(iii) Cross pollination, the pollen from anther will be transferred the stigma
of another banana plant using agents like wind, water, or insects etc.
(0.5+0.5)
(iv) There would be minor changes/some variation during the process of
copying of the DNA. (1)
------------
For visually impaired students
(i) Vegetative propagation/ asexual reproduction. (0.5+0.5)
(ii) More crops in same time interval, genetically identical, flower fruit
faster, no need to depend on pollinators. (1+1)
(iii) Cross pollination, the pollen from anther will be transferred the stigma
of another banana plant using agents like wind, water, or insects etc.
(0.5+0.5)
 (iv) There would be minor changes/some variation during the process of
copying of the DNA. (1)
OR
B.
(i) Nutrients /glucose/oxygen/ waste. (any two) (1)
(ii) less surface area for nutrients (glucose/oxygen) to pass from mother
to embryo slow growth. (1)
(iii) uterus; has thick lining with rich supply of blood to nourish the embryo.
(1)
(iv)
a) male child
b) misused as if the foetus is female, some people engage in
aborting the child leading to female foeticide. (2)
------------
For visually impaired students
A.
(i) Nutrients /glucose/oxygen/ waste. (any two) (1)
(ii) less surface area for nutrients (glucose/oxygen) to pass from mother
to embryo slow growth. (1)
(iii) uterus; has thick lining with rich supply of blood to nourish the
embryo. (1)
(iv)
a) male child
b) misused as if the foetus is female, some people engage in
aborting the child leading to female foeticide. (2)

36 Students to attempt either option A or B. 5

A.
(i) p.d. across 4 Ω resistor = p.d. Across R2 as both are in parallel.
(0.5)
1.5 (A) × 4 (Ω) = 6 V (0.5)
(ii) Total Current through 4 Ω and R2 = 2.0 A (given).
Current through 4 Ω = 1.5 A (given) (0.5)
Hence current through R2 = 2-1.5= 0.5 A
Using Ohm’s law for R2 we get (0.5)
6 V= 0.5 A x R2
Hence R2 = 6/0.5 = 12 Ω (0.5)
(iii) p.d. across R1 = Total p.d. - (p.d. across R2) - (p.d. across 2.0
Ω) (0.5)
p.d. across 2.0 Ω = 2x2 = 4 V
p.d. across R2 = 6 V (calculated before) (0.5)

Hence p.d. across R1 = 12 − 6 − 4 = 2 V (0.5)

Current through R1 = 2A (0.5)
Using Ohm’s Law, we get
R1 = 2V/2A = 1Ω (0.5)
Alternative method
(4 𝑥 12)
Total Resistance = R1 + (4+12) + 2 = 12V/2 A = 6Ω (0.5)
R1 = 6 – (3 + 2) = 1 Ω (0.5)
OR
B.
(i) Use of P = IV (0.5)
I = P ÷ V = 24 W ÷ 12V
Current in lamp A – 2 A (0.5)
(ii) Voltmeter reading = 12 V (0.5)
Lamp A and Lamp B are in parallel.
Hence p.d. across the arm containing A = p.d. across arm
containing B
= 12 V (from a) (0.5)
(iii) p.d. across R2 + p.d. across B = 12 V. (0.5)
p.d. across B = 6 V (given)
Hence p.d. across R2 = 12 V - 6 V = 6V (0.5)

Current through R2 = Current through B = 3A (given) (0.5)

Use of R = V/I
R2 =6V/3A = 2Ω (0.5)
(iv) Current through R1 = Total Current = 3A+2A = 5A (0.5)
p.d. across R1 = 15V -12 V = 3V
R1=3V/5A = 0.6 Ω (0.5)

------------
For visually impaired students
A.
(i) Ohm's Law is the law, which states that the electric current (I)
flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage
(V) applied across it and inversely proportional to the resistance
(R) of the conductor. Mathematically, it can be represented as: (1)
𝑉 ∝𝐼
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 (1)

(ii) Let the energy consumed by the fans be 𝐸𝑓 and the energy
consumed by the electric press be 𝐸𝑝 .
100 ×4
 𝐸𝑓 = 𝑃 × 𝑡 = = 0.4 𝑘𝑊ℎ
1000
500 ×2
 𝐸𝑝 = 𝑃 × 𝑡 = = 1 𝑘𝑊ℎ (1)
1000
 Total energy consumed in 1 day = 𝐸𝑝 + 𝐸𝑓 = 1.4 𝑘𝑊ℎ
Total energy consumed in 60 days = 1.4 × 60 = 84 𝑘𝑊ℎ.
Total cost = 84 × 𝑅𝑠. 6.5 = 𝑅𝑠. 546.00 (2)

OR
B.
(i) Joule's Law of Heating states that the amount of heat produced
in a conductor is directly proportional to the square of the electric
current passing through it, the resistance of the conductor, and
 the time for which the current flows. Mathematically, it can be
expressed as
𝐻 = 𝐼 2 𝑅𝑡
● H is the heat produced (in joules),
● I is the electric current (in amperes),
● R is the resistance of the conductor (in ohms),
● t is the time for which the current flows (in seconds).
(ii) Let the equivalent resistance in series be denoted by 𝑅𝑠 and
that for parallel be denoted by 𝑅𝑝 . Total voltage of the circuit is
given by 𝑉 in both cases and the time is denoted by 𝑡.
 𝑅𝑠 = 2 + 4 = 6𝛺
1 1 1 3 4
 𝑅 = 2 + 4 = 4 , 𝑅𝑝 = 3
𝑝
𝑉2 𝑉2
 𝐻𝑠 = 𝑡, 𝐻𝑝 = 𝑡
𝑅𝑠 𝑅𝑝
𝐻𝑠 𝑅𝑝 2
 = =
𝐻𝑝 𝑅𝑠 9

SECTION – E

37 A. A - Sodium chloride 4
Y - Chlorine gas,
Z - Hydrogen gas,
M - Sodium metal,
P - Sodium ethanoate &
R - Ethyl ethanoate/ester (0.5 X 6 = 3)
Student to attempt either subpart B or C.
B. Any activity similar to the given figure (1)

OR
C. Chlor alkali process
The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of the
products formed from chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide. (1)
 ------------
For visually impaired students
A.
ETHANOIC ACID ETHANOL

Reaction with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates: No reaction

Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates and hydrogen
carbonates to give rise to salt, carbon dioxide and
water. The salt produced is commonly called
sodium acetate.
2CH3 COOH + Na2CO3 → 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

(1+1)
B. Ethene
C2H5OH ------Hot Conc Sulphuric acid--- CH2=CH2 + H2O (1)
C. In combustion reactions oxygen is added hence all combustion reactions
are oxidation, whereas in oxidation reactions, energy may or may not be
released (along with the products), hence all oxidation reactions are not
combustion reactions. (1)

38 Students to attempt either subpart A or B. 4

A.
● Bending of shoots of plants is a response to the stimulus and a
directional, growth-related movement.
● When growing plants detect sunlight, a hormone called auxin,
synthesized at shoot tip helps the cells to grow longer.
● When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses to the
shady side of the shoot.
● This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells of the shoot to grow
longer on the side of the shoot which is away from the light. Thus,
plant appears to bend towards light. (0.5 x 4 =2)
OR
B.
● Leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant respond to the stimulus by showing
growth independent movement.
● These plants use electrical–chemical means to convey the
information from cell to cell.
● Movement happens at a point different from the point of touch.
● Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them,
resulting in swelling or shrinking, and therefore in changing shape.
(0.5 x 4 =2)
C. Growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule is an example of
chemotropism whereas bending of shoots towards sunlight is an
example of phototropism. (1)
 D.
i) Although both plants and animals show electrical–chemical means
to convey the information from cell to cell but unlike nerve cells in
animals there is no specialized tissue in plants for conduction of
information. (0.5)
ii) In animal cells, change in shape occurs because of the specialized
proteins found in muscle cells; plant cells change shape by changing
the amount of water in them. (0.5)
------------
For visually impaired students
Students to attempt either subpart A or B.
A.
● Bending of shoots of plants is a response to the stimulus and a
directional, growth-related movement.
● When growing plants detect sunlight, a hormone called auxin,
synthesized at shoot tip helps the cells to grow longer.
● When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses to
the shady side of the shoot.
● This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells of the shoot to grow
longer on the side of the shoot which is away from the light. Thus,
plant appears to bend towards light. (0.5 x 4 =2)
OR
B.
● Leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant respond to the stimulus by showing
growth independent movement.
● These plants use electrical–chemical means to convey the
information from cell to cell.
● Movement happens at a point different from the point of touch.
● Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them,
resulting in swelling or shrinking, and therefore in changing shape.
(0.5 x 4 =2)
C. Growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule is an example of
chemotropism whereas bending of shoots towards sunlight is an
example of phototropism. (1)
D.
i) Although both plants and animals show electrical–chemical means
to convey the information from cell to cell but unlike nerve cells in
animals there is no specialized tissue in plants for conduction of
information. (0.5)
ii) In animal cells, change in shape occurs because of the specialized
proteins found in muscle cells; plant cells change shape by changing
the amount of water in them. (0.5)

39 A. Real Image (the final image is formed due to the lens at the eye-piece) 4
(1)
 B. Concave Mirror (1)
Student to attempt either subpart C or D.
C. A converging lens is used at the eyepiece to collect the rays from the
plane mirror and help the viewer to see a real erect image of the star.
(2)
OR
D. The plane mirror laterally inverts the image formed by the curved
mirror and its position helps to direct the rays towards the eye-piece.
(2)
------------
For visually impaired students
A. Convex lens. (1)
B. Converging property. The lens can converge parallel rays to one
point. (1)
Student to attempt either subpart C or D
C. To correct hypermetropia, lenses of telescopes, microscopes and
slide projectors. (2)
OR
D. If the object is kept between the optical centre and the focus the image
obtained is virtual, rest in all cases the image is real.

**********
 Class X Session 2024-25
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 11
Solution
 Class X Session 2023-24
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 1

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answers to these questions should

be in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. The food items like cheese that is shown in the given below image become unfit for eating. This happens due to: [1]

a) Corrosion b) Rusting

c) None of these d) Rancidity

2. We will observe white ppt in which of the following reaction? [1]

a) Barium chloride is mixed with hydrochloric b) Barium chloride is mixed with sodium
acid chloride solution

c) Barium chloride is mixed with sodium d) Barium carbonate is mixed with sodium
sulphate solution sulphate solution
3. To protect tooth decay we are advised to brush our teeth regularly. The nature of the tooth paste commonly used [1]
is

a) Neutral b) Acidic

Page 1 of 16
 c) Corrosive d) Basic
4. Ethanol reacts with sodium and forms two products. These are [1]

a) sodium ethanoate and hydrogen b) sodium ethanoate and oxygen

c) sodium ethoxide and oxygen d) sodium ethoxide and hydrogen

5. The property of metal by which it can be drawn into wires is called: [1]

a) Ductility b) Malleability

c) Conductivity d) Sonorous
6. Non-metals do not replace hydrogen from acids because: [1]

a) They are more reactive than hydrogen. b) None of these

c) They are less reactive than hydrogen. d) Non-metal being acceptors of electrons.
7. A hydrocarbon which can add two molecules of Br2 is [1]

a) H2C = CH - CH = CH2 b) H3C - CH = CH - CH3

c) HC ≡ CH d) Both H2C = CH - CH = CH2 and

HC ≡ CH

8. To make all connections airtight, in the experiment, we use [1]

a) Either vaseline or wax b) Wax

c) Vaseline d) Lubricant oil

9. The branch of biology-related with heredity and variation is called [1]

a) Livinglogy b) Genetics

c) Evolution d) Taxonomy
10. Binary fission in some organisms occurs in definite orientation in relation to the cell structures. One such [1]
organisms is:

a) Leishmania b) Plasmodium

c) Amoeba d) Bacteria
11. The genetic constitution of an organism is called [1]

a) Genome b) Trait

c) Genotype d) Phenotype
12. Where are proteins first digested in the alimentary canal? [1]

a) Oesophagus b) Small intestine

Page 2 of 16
 c) Stomach d) Mouth
13. Which rule determines the direction of flow of current in the conductor? [1]

a) Fleming’s left hand rule b) Fleming’s right hand rule

c) Maxwell's right hand grip rule d) Left hand thumb rule

14. If the area of cross-section of a resistance wire is halved, then its resistance becomes: [1]

a) 4 times b) One-half

c) 2 times d) One-fourth
15. Montreal protocol became effective in: [1]

a) 1985 b) 1987

c) 1992 d) 1989
16. Ozone depletion has resulted in: [1]

a) More UV radiations on earth b) Warming of earth

c) Decrease in temperature d) Less UV radiations on earth

17. Assertion (A): The blue colour of copper starts fading when a zinc rod is dipped into it. [1]
Reason (R): When an iron nail dipped in the copper sulphate solution then iron displaces copper from the
copper sulphate because iron is more reactive then copper.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): Condom protects a person from the sexually transmitted diseases. [1]
Reason (R): Condom prevents the sperms from meeting the ovum by acting as a barrier.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): A compass is kept near a wire carrying current gets deflected. [1]
Reason (R): Electric current is capable of producing a magnetic effect.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): Biotic components of ecosystem continuously require energy to carry on life processes. [1]
Reason (R): Abiotic components are the non-living factors of the ecosystem.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. Out of sodium chloride (NaCl) or methyl chloride (CH3 Cl), which has higher melting and boiling points? Why? [2]

22. Newly formed DNA copies may not be identical at times. Give one reason. [2]

Page 3 of 16
23. What are the disadvantages of transpiration? [2]
OR
What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic
mode of respiration.
24. What is the power of a combination of lenses? [2]
25. In the following food chain, 5 J of energy is available to man. How much energy was available at producer [2]
level?
Plants → Sheep → Man

OR
Your uncle has come from the village to renew the contract to supply frogs to the laboratories of the colleges of the
town. While talking to you, he mentioned that cases of malaria have increased in his village. In addition population
of grasshoppers has also increased who are damaging crops.
i. What could be the reasons for such problems faced by villagers?
ii. What suggestions will you give to your uncle?
26. What is dispersion? What happens when light is passed through a glass prism? [2]
Section C
27. There are 3 unknown metals - A, B and C. C displaces B from its oxide while with oxide of A, there is no [3]
reaction. Give the reactivity order of A, B and C.
28. i. How do you classify elements into metals and non-metals on the basis of their electronic configuration? [3]
Choose metal and non-metal out of the following:
23 19 24 31 35
A, B, C, D, E
11 9 12 15 17

ii. What type of bond will be formed if

a. 'A' combines with 'B'?
b. 'A' combines with 'E'?
c. 'C' combines with 'E'?
d. 'D' combines with 'E'?
OR
i. Write the steps involved in the extraction of pure metals in the middle of the activity series from their carbonate
ores.
ii. How is copper extracted from its sulphide ore? Explain the various steps supported by chemical equations. Draw
labelled diagram for the electrolytic refining of copper.

29. a. Name the process and explain the type of nutrition found in green plants. List the raw materials required for [3]
the process. Give chemical equation for the mentioned process.
b. Write the three observation that occur during this process.

Page 4 of 16
30. In pea plant, round seed is dominant over the wrinkled. If a cross is carried out between these two plants, give [3]
answer to the following questions.
i. Mention the genes for the traits of parents.
ii. State the trait of F1 hybrids.
iii. Write the ratio of F2 progeny obtained from this cross. What is the name of the cross?

31. How can you distinguish between plane mirror, convex mirror and concave mirror by merely looking at the [3]
image formed in each case?
32. Given in fig. is the circuit diagram in which three resistors of 1Ω, 2Ω and 3Ω are connected to cell of e.m.f. 2V [3]
and internal resistance 0.5 Ω.
i. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit.
ii. What is the reading of ammeter and What will be ammeter reading if an exactly similar cell is connected in

series with the given cell ?

33. Find out the following in the electric circuit given in Figure [3]

i. The effective resistance of two 8 Ω resistors in the combination

ii. Current flowing through 4 Ω resistor
Section D
34. i. What are hydrocarbons? Give examples. [5]
ii. Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each.
iii. What is functional group? Give examples of four different functional groups.
OR
a. You have three unlabelled test tubes containing ethanol, ethanoic acid and soap solution. Explain the method you
would use to identify the compounds in different test tubes by chemical tests using litmus paper and sodium
metal.
b. Give the reason for the formation of scum when soaps are used with hard water.
35. What is vegetative propagation? Describe various methods of vegetative propagation? [5]
OR
List some functions of the human brain.
36. An object 4.0 cm in size, is placed 25.0 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15.0 cm. [5]
i. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image?
ii. Find the size of the image.
iii. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of an image in this case.

Page 5 of 16
 OR
i. One half of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm is covered with a black paper. Can such a lens produce an image
of a complete object placed at a distance of 30 cm from the lens? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer.
ii. A 4 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. The distance of
the object from the lens is 15 cm. Find the nature, position and the size of the image.
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Salt of a strong acid and strong base is neutral with a pH value of 7. NaCl common salt is formed by a
combination of hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide solution. This is the salt that is used in food. Some salt is
called rock salt, bed of rock salt was formed when seas of bygone ages dried up. The common salt thus obtained
is an important raw material for various materials of daily use, such as sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing
soda, and bleaching powder.
(i) If given acids are phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid, then which acid
does not form an acidic salt?
(ii) What is the formula of baking soda?
OR
Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine to obtain bleaching powder.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
In animals, control and coordination are provided by nervous and muscular tissues. Touching a hot object is an
urgent and dangerous situation for us. We need to detect it and respond to it. How do we detect that we are
touching a hot object? All information from our environment is detected by the specialised tips of some nerve
cells. These receptors are usually located in our sense organs, such as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue, and so
on. So gustatory receptors will detect taste while olfactory receptors will detect the smell. This information,
acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell sets off a chemical reaction that creates an electrical
impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and then along the axon to its end. At the end of
the axon, the electrical impulse sets off the release of some chemicals. These chemicals cross the gap, or
synapse, and start a similar electrical impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron. This is a general scheme of how
nervous impulses travel in the body. A similar synapse finally allows the delivery of such impulses from neurons
to other cells, such as muscles cells or glands.

(i) Why does the flow of signals in a synapse from axonal end of one neuron to dendritic end of another
neuron take place but not in the reverse direction?
(ii) From where the electrical impulse travels?
(iii) Name the chemical which released at the end of axon to transmit the signal to the other neuron.
OR
What happens at the synapse between 2 neurons?
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]

Page 6 of 16
A student was asked to perform an experiment to study the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic
field. He took a small aluminum rod AB, a strong horse shoe magnet, some connecting wires , a battery and a
switch and connected them as shown. He observed that on passing current, the rod gets displaced. On reversing
the direction of current, the direction of displacement also gets reversed. On the basis of your understanding of
this phenomenon, answer the following questions:

(i) i. In the above experimented set up, when current is passed through the rod, it gets displaced towards the
left. What will happen to the displacement if the polarity of the magnet and the direction of current
both are reversed?
ii. Name any two devices that use current carrying conductors and magnetic field.
(ii) Why does the rod get displaced on passing a current through it?
(iii) State the rule that determines the direction of the force on the conductor AB.
OR
Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines produced around a current carrying straight conductor held
vertically on a horizontal cardboard. Indicate the direction of the field lines as well as the direction of
current flowing through the conductor.

Page 7 of 16
 Solution

Section A
1.
(d) Rancidity
Explanation: Rancidity spoils the food materials prepared in fats and oils which have been kept for a considerable time and
makes them unfit for eating. Hence, the cheese shown in the image becomes unfit for eating due to rancidity.
2.
(c) Barium chloride is mixed with sodium sulphate solution
Explanation: On mixing a solution of barium chloride with sodium sulphate, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is
immediately formed. These reactions are ionic in nature.
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 →
​ ​BaSO4 + 2NaCl

3.
(d) Basic
Explanation: Tooth decay occurs when the pH falls to 5.5 since toothpaste is alkaline or basic in nature so it helps to neutralize
the excess acid in mouth.
4.
(d) sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
Explanation: This reaction can be shown by the following equations:
2Na + 2CH3CH2OH ⟶ 2CH3CH2ONa + H2
Therefore, the products formed are sodium ethoxide and hydrogen.
5. (a) Ductility
Explanation: Ductility
6.
(d) Non-metal being acceptors of electrons.
Explanation: Non-metals are electronegative. They do not provide free electrons. Hence they do not replace hydrogen from
acids.
7.
(d) Both H2C = CH - CH = CH2 and HC ≡ CH
Explanation: To add two molecules of Br2, a hydrocarbon should have two double bonds or one triple bond.

8.
(c) Vaseline
Explanation: Vaseline is involved in all the joints in the experimental set-up, thereby making the set-up air-tight.
9.
(b) Genetics
Explanation: Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. It is generally considered a
field of biology, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information
systems.
10.
(c) Amoeba
Explanation: Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction and the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes and
eukaryote. Amoeba reproduces by the common asexual reproduction method called binary fission. After replicating its genetic
material through mitotic division, the cell divides into two equal sized daughter cells.

Page 8 of 16
11.
(c) Genotype
Explanation: The genotype is the part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of an organism or
individual, which determines a specific characteristic of that cell/organism/individual.
12.
(c) Stomach
Explanation: Stomach
13.
(b) Fleming’s right hand rule
Explanation: The direction of induced current in a straight conductor is given by Fleming’s right-hand rule.
It states that if we stretch the thumb, forefinger and the middle finger of the right hand at right angles to one another in such a
way that the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field.
Then, thumb gives the direction of motion of conductor (force), forefinger indicates the direction of magnetic field, and the
middle finger points the direction of induced current.
14.
(c) 2 times
Explanation: 2 times
15.
(d) 1989
Explanation: The Montreal Protocol became effective in 1989. The Montreal Protocol is a protocol to the Vienna Convention
for the Protection of the Ozone Layer. It is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the
production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
16. (a) More UV radiations on earth
Explanation: The ozone layer shields the surface of the earth from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. Ozone depletion
has resulted in more UV radiations on earth.
17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: When an iron nail dipped in the copper sulphate solution then iron displaces copper from the copper sulphate
because iron is more reactive than copper. Therefore the colour of the copper sulphate solution changes. The reaction involved
is:
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) ⟶ FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Thus both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
18.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Condoms are used by males. These are rubber or plastic sheaths which are put on penis before copulation. The
condom prevents the sperms from meeting the ovum (or egg) by acting as a barrier between them. The benefit of condom is
that it protects a person from syphilis and AIDS.
19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Here while carrying out an experiment if a compass needle is placed near a wire carrying current then due to the
effect of magnetism which is produced due to electric current produced in the wire the needle gets deflected. Which shows that
the magnetism and electricity are interlinked. So, both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.

Page 9 of 16
20.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Section B
21. The intermolecular forces are small in the covalent [Link], These bonds break easily. Hence, covalent compounds have
low melting and boiling [Link] intermolecular forces are small in the covalent compounds. These bonds break easily. Hence,
covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point.
Sodium chloride (Na+Cl-) is an ionic compound, therefore it's melting and boiling points are higher than methyl chloride (CH3Cl)
which is a covalent compound.
22. During the time of DNA replication most of the base sequence in daughter cells are identical to the parent DNA but sometimes
due to mutations or some errors during replication some changes in the newly formed DNA copies may occur. So it is said that
newly formed DNA copies may not be identical at times.
23. 1) More plants die from excessive water loss by transpiration.
2) Due to high rate of transpiration plants suffer from loss of turgidity.
OR
(a) Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
1) It takes place in the presence of oxygen. 1) It takes place in the absence of oxygen.
2) It is completed in cytoplasm and mitochondria of cells. 2) It is completed in the cytoplasm only.
3) It involves the complete oxidation of glucose into CO2 and 3) It involves the incomplete oxidation of glucose into CO2 and
H2O . alcohol or lactic acid.
4) One molecule of glucose on complete oxidation releases 674 4) One molecule of glucose on oxidation releases 28 K cal of
K cals of energy. energy.
5) The process is harmless. 5) It is toxic to plants.
6) Large amount of energy is released, i.e. 36 ATP molecules 6) Small amount of energy is released, i.e. 2 ATP molecules per
per glucose molecule. glucose molecule.
b) Organisms which use anaerobic respiration are yeasts, bacteria and parasites like tapeworm, Ascaris, etc.
24. If n number of lenses are placed in close contact, then the power of the combination of lenses is equal to algebraic sum of the
powers of the individual lenses.
P = P1 + P2 + ... + Pn
25. According to law if 5 J of energy is available to man then 10% energy is available to primary consumer so primary consumer is
filled with 50J. Producers consume only 1% of energy which is available from sun therefore 5000J of energy is available to the
producers.
OR
i. As uncle is supplying frogs from his village to laboratories so the number of frog population is decreasing. Frogs eat
grasshoppers and mosquitoes. But as the number of frogs population is reduced so the population of grasshoppers and
mosquitoes are increasing. So malaria is spread in the village by mosquitoes and grasshoppers are causing damage to the
crops.
ii. He must stop the supply of frogs to the laboratories as the reduced frog population is causing an imbalance in the food chain
and proper ratio of frogs, grasshoppers and mosquitoes can not be maintained in the ecosystem.
26. The phenomenon of splitting up of white light into its constituent colurs as it passes through prism is known as dispersion. Light
rays bend towards the normal when it enters the prism. Since white light consists of 7 colours it splits into 7 bands of colour.
Section C
27. C displaces B from its oxide, therefore, C is more reactive than B.
There is no reaction when C is treated with oxide of A or C does not displace A from its oxide. So, A is more reactive than C.
Thus, the reactivity order is B< C< A.
28. i. Elements which contain 1 to 3 electrons in their outermost shell are metals. Elements containing 4 to 7 electrons in their
valence shell are non-metals.
Electronic configurations:
23
N a(Z = 11 ) = 2, 8, 1
11

19
B(Z = 9) = 2, 7
9

Page 10 of 16
 24
C (Z = 12) = 2, 8, 2
12

31
D(Z = 15) = 2, 8, 5
15

35
E(Z = 17) = 2, 8, 7
17

Hence A and C are metals whereas, B, D and E are non-metals.

ii. Type of bonds
a. 'A' is metal and 'B' is non-metal, so the bond formed will be ionic.
A =2, 8,1 B = 2, 7

b. 'A' is metal and 'E is non-metal, so the bond formed is ionic.

A = 2, 8, 1 B = 2, 7

c. 'C' is metal and 'E' is non-metal, so the bond formed is ionic.​​

​​C = 2, 8, 2 E = 2, 8, 7​​

d. 'D' is a non-metal and 'E' is also a non-metal, so the bond formed will be covalent.​​

OR
i. Pure metals are extracted from their carbonate ores through the following steps:
a. Concentration of Ore:
Gangue first needs to be removed from the ore keeping in mind the differences in physical and chemical properties of
gangue and ore.
b. Calcination:
The carbonate ores must be heated strongly in the absence of air to convert them into metal ores.
Δ

For example: ZnC O (s) −

3 → ZnO + C O (↑) 2

c. Reduction:
Next, reduction is carried out using a more reactiave metal or carbon.
For example: ZnO + C → Zn + CO
This happens because carbon has a greater binding affinity for oxygen than Zinc does.
Finally, the obtained metal is refined by electrolysis of their salt solutions.
ii. Copper glance is the ore of copper sulphide. It is first roasted and then the remaining Cu2O is reduced using Cu2S in the tank.
Δ

2C u2 S + 3O2 −
→ 2C u2 O + 2SO2
Δ

2C u2 O + C u2 S −
→ 6C u + SO2

This way, copper metal is extracted.

Page 11 of 16
 Electrolytic refining of copper: The electrolyte is a solution of acidified copper sulphate. The anode is impure copper,
whereas, the cathode is a strip of pure copper. On passing electric current, pure copper is deposited on the cathode.
29. a. Photosynthesis is the process and the type of nutrition found in green plants is autotrophic Nutrition.
In autotrophic nutrition, plants prepare their own food using inorganic material such as CO2 and H2O in the presence of
Sunlight and Chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll Sunlight

6CO2 + 12H2 O −−−−−−−−−−−−→ C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 + 6H2 O

Glucose

The raw materials used in photosynthesis are CO2, H2O.

b. The three observations are given below:
(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
(ii) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
(iii) Reduction of Carbon dioxide to Carbohydrates
30. i. RR for homozygous pure round. And rr for homozygous pure wrinkle pea plant.
ii. Rr (hybrid) - heterozygous. All are round since round is dominant over wrinkled.
iii. 3:1 (phenotypic ratio), 1:2:1 (genotypic ratio) The name of this cross is monohybrid cross.
31. 1. If image is of same size, laterally inverted and erect, it is plane mirror.
2. If image is bigger or smaller in size and inverted or erect, it is concave mirror.
3. If image is smaller in size and erect as in rear view mirror , it is convex mirror.
32. ResisOKtance, 1Ω and 2Ω are in series and combined resistance i.e. 1 + 2 = 3Ω in parallel with 3Ω.
Hence total resistance of the combination is = +
1

R
=
1
or R =
3
1
= 1.5Ω
3
2

3
3

i. Total resistance of the circuit = R + r = 1.5 + 0.5 = 2Ω

ii. Total current through ammeter = E

R + r
= = 1A
2

iii. In second case total e.m.f.= 2 + 2 = 4V

Total resistance = 1.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 = 2.5Ω
Current through circuit in second case = 4

2.5
=
40

25
=
8

5
= 1.6 A

33. Given :-
Resistor, R₁ = 4 Ω
Resistor, R₂ = 8 Ω
Resistor, R₃ = 8 Ω
Potential Difference, V = 8 volts.
i. Since two 8Ω resistances are in parallel, their effective resistance (Rp) is given by 1

′
=
1

8
+
1

8
+
1

4
or R’ = 4Ω
R

ii. The total resistance in the circuit, R = 4Ω + R p = 4Ω + 4Ω = 8Ω

Current through the electric circuit, I = = V

R
8

4
= 2A

Page 12 of 16
 Since 4Ω resistor and Rp are in series, the current through 4Ω resistors = 1A.
Section D
34. i. The compounds that are made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms are called hydrocarbons, e.g. methane (CH4), ethane (CH2 =
CH2). Ethyne (C2H2), cyclohexane (C6H12), benzene (C6H6)etc.
ii. In saturated hydrocarbons, all the four valencies of carbon are satisfied by a single covalent bond while in unsaturated
hydrocarbons, double or triple bonds are required to satisfy the valencies of carbon, e.g.
a. Saturated hydrocarbons
Methane (CH4), Ethane (CH3 — CH3)
b. Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Ethene (H2C = CH2), Ethyne (HC ≡ CH)
iii. A functional group is an atom or group of atoms that define the structure (or the properties) of organic compounds. The four
examples are:
a. -OH Alcohol
b. -COOH Carboxylic acid
c. -CHO Aldehyde
d. -X Halogen
OR
a. With litmus paper;
Ethanol: No change in colour
Ethanoic acid: Blue litmus turns red
Soap solution: Red litmus turns blue
The ethanol solution will release hydrogen when sodium is added to it. The hydrogen gas can be tested by bringing a lighted
matchstick near it. It will burn with a 'pop' sound.
b. Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium. When soap is added to hard water, calcium and magnesium ions present
in water displace sodium or potassium ions from the soap molecules forming an insoluble substance called scum.
35. The growth of new plants from vegetative parts of the plant like roots, stem, and leaves other than the seeds is called vegetative
propagation. Various artificial methods of vegetative propagation are:
i. Cutting: Small piece of plant parts like roots, stem or leaves is cut and used for propagation. Examples: Rose, sugarcane etc.
ii. Layering: It is the process where roots are induced when a stem comes in contact with the ground. Examples: Grapevine,
mango etc.
iii. Grafting: It is a process of joining a part of a living plant like a stem or bud to another plant and they grow as one plant.
Examples: Lime, lemon etc.
iv. Propagation by plant tissue culture: In this method, plant cells are cultured in an artificial culture media, where a cell
divides into an undifferentiated mass of cells called callus which is transferred to different nutrient mediums to grow into
plantlets.
In natural methods of vegetative propagation underground roots [Root tubers of Dahlia] or underground stems [bulbs of onions,
rhizomes of ginger] or adventitious buds on leaves [Bryophyllum] grow into new plants.
OR
Major functions of the human brain are:
i. The cerebral cortex is greatly enlarged in human brains and is considered the seat of complex [Link] coordinates activities
of the body so that mechanism and hormonal reactions of the body work together.
ii. Visual processing takes place in the occipital lobe, near the back of the skull
iii. The temporal lobe is located behind our ears and extends to both sides of the brain involved in vision, memory, sensory input,
language, emotion.
iv. The parietal lobe integrates input from different senses and is important for spatial orientation and navigation. It receives
information carrying nerve impulses from all the sensory organs of the body.
v. The primary functions of the brain stem include relaying information between the brain and the body; supplying some of the
cranial nerves to the face and head; and performing critical functions in controlling the heart, breathing and consciousness.
vi. The thalamus relays sensory and motor signals to the cortex and is involved in regulating consciousness, sleep and alertness.
The hypothalamus connects the nervous system to the endocrine system where hormones are produced via the pituitary gland.

Page 13 of 16
 vii. The cerebellum lies beneath the cerebrum and has important functions in motor control. It plays a role in coordination and
balance and may also have some cognitive functions.
36. Given: Height of object (ho) = 4 cm
Object distance (u) = -25 cm(-ve as it is in front of mirror)
Focal length (f) = -15 cm
i. Applying mirror formula and substituting the values,
1 1 1
+ =
v u f

1 1 1
= −
v −15 −25

1 −5+3
=
v 75
−75
v= 2
= -37.5 cm
The negative sign indicates that the image is in front of the mirror.
Therefore, the screen must be placed in front of the mirror at a distance of 37.5 cm.
ii. Applying the magnification formula and substituting the values,
−v hi
m= u
=
ho
−75
−( )
2
hi
=
−25 4

−75
hi = 2×25
× 4

hi = -6 cm
​The image will be 6cm high and it will be inverted.
iii. The ray diagram showing the formation of image in this case is,

OR
When a convex lens is covered half with black paper as shown in diagram, then image of full object will formed , but it will be of
less intensity and brightness.

As h0 = 4 cm, f = 20 cm and u = - 15 cm
By lens formula,
1 1 1
= −
f v u
1 1 1 1 1 15−20 −5
⇒ = + = + = =
v f u 20 (−15) 300 300

∴ v = −60cm

As, magnification,
hi v
m= h0
=
u
v −60
⇒ hi = h0 × = 4 × = 16 cm
u −15

Image formed is virtual, erect and magnified.

Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Salt of a strong acid and strong base is neutral with a pH value of 7. NaCl common salt is formed by a combination of
hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide solution. This is the salt that is used in food. Some salt is called rock salt, bed of rock salt

Page 14 of 16
 was formed when seas of bygone ages dried up. The common salt thus obtained is an important raw material for various materials
of daily use, such as sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda, and bleaching powder.
(i) Carbonic acid does not form an acidic salt.
(ii) Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula
NaHCO3.
OR
Ca(OH)2 treatment with chlorine to obtain bleaching powder.
Ca(OH)2 ​+ Cl2​ ⟶ CaOCl2​ + H2​O
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In animals, control and coordination are provided by nervous and muscular tissues. Touching a hot object is an urgent and
dangerous situation for us. We need to detect it and respond to it. How do we detect that we are touching a hot object? All
information from our environment is detected by the specialised tips of some nerve cells. These receptors are usually located in
our sense organs, such as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue, and so on. So gustatory receptors will detect taste while olfactory
receptors will detect the smell. This information, acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell sets off a chemical reaction
that creates an electrical impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and then along the axon to its end. At the
end of the axon, the electrical impulse sets off the release of some chemicals. These chemicals cross the gap, or synapse, and start
a similar electrical impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron. This is a general scheme of how nervous impulses travel in the
body. A similar synapse finally allows the delivery of such impulses from neurons to other cells, such as muscles cells or glands.

(i) At the synapse, (functional junction between neurons) axon terminal comes in close proximity to the dendron terminal of
next neuron. Axon terminal is expanded to form pre-synaptic knob and the other dendrite terminal forms post- synaptic
depression.
(ii) The electrical impulse travels form the dendrite to the cell body, then along the axon to its end.
(iii)Acetylcholine is released at the end of the axon to transmit the signal to the other neuron.
OR
A synapse is a gap between two neurons. At the synapse, the electrical signals are converted into chemicals that can
easily cross over the gap and pass on to the next neurons where it again converted into electrical signals.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A student was asked to perform an experiment to study the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. He took a
small aluminum rod AB, a strong horse shoe magnet, some connecting wires , a battery and a switch and connected them as
shown. He observed that on passing current, the rod gets displaced. On reversing the direction of current, the direction of
displacement also gets reversed. On the basis of your understanding of this phenomenon, answer the following questions:

(i) i. If the polarity of the magnet and the direction of current both are reversed,using Fleming's left hand rule it gets
displaced towards the left.
ii. Devices that use current-carrying conductors and magnetic fields are electric motor, electric generator etc.

Page 15 of 16
(ii) When a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a force, due to which the rod gets
displaced.
(iii)The rule that determines the direction of the force on the conductor AB is Fleming's left-hand rule.
According to Fleming's left-hand rule, stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of your left hand such that they
are mutually perpendicular.
If the first finger points in the direction of the magnetic field and the second finger in the direction of current, then the
thumb will point in the direction of motion or force.
OR
The magnetic field lines around a current carrying conductor can be represented by concentric circles which can be
determined by right hand thumb rule.

Page 16 of 16
 Class X Session 2023-24
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 2

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answers to these questions should

be in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. What happens in the test tube shown here? [1]

a) H2O will produce b) SO2 will produce

c) No reaction d) FeO will produce

2. In the electrolysis of water, at which electrodes are hydrogen and oxygen collected? [1]

a) graphite rods, metal rods b) cathode, anode

c) anode, cathode d) graphite rods, non-metal rods

3. Which one of the following can be used as an acid–base indicator by a visually impared student? [1]

a) Litmus b) Vanilla essence

c) Turmeric d) Petunia leaves

4. Which of the following compounds contain the functional group -OH? [1]
A. Propane
B. Propanol
C. Ethanoic acid

Page 1 of 16
 D. Ethanol

a) All of these b) B and D

c) A and C d) B and C
5. A student adds one big iron nail each in four test tubes containing solution of zinc sulphate, aluminium sulphate, [1]
copper sulphate and iron sulphate. A reddish brown coating was observed only on the surface of iron nail which
was added in the solution of:

a) Aluminium sulphate b) copper sulphate

c) Iron sulphate d) Zinc sulphate

6. Chemical formula of sulphurous acid is: [1]

a) H2SO4 b) H2SO3

c) SO3 d) SO2

7. Which one of the following is not in a liquid state at 10o C? [1]

a) H2O b) Glacial acetic acid

c) C2H5OH d) Acetone

8. A leaf is boiled in alcohol before using iodine for starch test in order to: [1]

a) Dissolve starch b) Make it react with the iodine

c) Dissolve chlorophyll d) Soften the leaf

9. A trait in an organism is influenced by [1]

a) Both maternal & Paternal DNA b) Paternal DNA only

c) Neither maternal nor paternal DNA. d) Maternal DNA only

10. To perform an experiment to identify the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed, first of all you require a [1]
dicot seed. Select dicot seeds from the following group.
Wheat, gram, maize, pea, barley, ground-nut.

a) Gram, maize and ground-nut b) Wheat, gram and pea

c) Gram, pea and ground-nut d) Maize, pea and barley

11. A cross between hybrid and a parent is known as [1]

a) Back cross b) Test cross

c) Monohybrid cross d) Reciprocal cross

12. To prepare a good temporary mount of the petunia leaf peel showing many stomata, the student has to get the [1]
peel from the

a) lower surface of the leaf b) tip of the leaf

Page 2 of 16
 c) point of attachment of the leaf to its petiole. d) upper surface of the leaf
13. Strength of the magnetic field at a point in the space surrounding the magnet is measured by: [1]

a) Thickness of the magnet b) Length of the magnet

c) Resistance of it d) Number of lines crossing a given point

14. The heat produced by passing an electric current through a fixed resistor is proportional to the square of: [1]

a) time for which current is passed b) magnitude of resistance of the resistor

c) temperature of the resistor d) magnitude of current

15. The function of an ecosystem involves: [1]

a) Energy flow and nutrient movement b) Energy flow only

c) Nutrient flow only d) None of these

16. The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by all the green plants for the process of photosynthesis is about: [1]

a) 10% b) 8%

c) 5% d) 1%
17. Assertion (A): Copper vessels get covered with green coating in rainy season. [1]
Reason (R): It is because of the formation of copper carbonate.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): Clones of offspring of an organism formed an asexual reproduction. [1]
Reason (R): Clones have exact copies of DNA as their parent.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): When two long parallel wires, hanging freely are connected in series to a battery, they come [1]
closer to each other.
Reason (R): Wires carrying current in opposite direction repel each other.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): The burning of substances at higher temperature to form ash is called incineration. [1]
Reason (R): Incineration greatly reduces the volume of waste.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions: [2]
C2H6, C3H8, C3H6, C2H2 and CH4.

Page 3 of 16
22. If a woman is using a copper-T, will it help her in protecting sexually transmitted diseases. [2]
23. Why before carrying out the test for the presence of starch in a leaf on exposure to sunlight, the leaf is put in [2]
alcohol contained in a beaker and boiled over a water bath?
OR
What is lymph?
24. A concave mirror produces three times magnified real image of an object placed at 10 cm in front of it. Where is [2]
the image located ?
25. What is the environment significance of the increasing Antarctica ozone hole? [2]
OR
Why are crop fields known as artificial ecosystem?
26. Draw a neat diagram to show refraction of a light ray through a triangular glass prism. Mark angle of incidence, [2]
angle of emergence, incident ray, refracted ray, emergent ray and the angle of deviation.
Section C
27. State three reasons for the following facts: [3]
i. Sulphur is a non-metal.
ii. Magnesium is a metal.
One of the reasons must be supported with a chemical equation.
28. i. Predict the reaction, if any, between [3]

a. zinc and silver nitrate solution,

b. magnesium and iron (II) chloride solution,
c. copper and magnesium sulphate solution.
Write the equations, with its physical form symbols, for the reaction.
ii. A lump of element X can be cut by a knife. During its reaction with water, X floats and melts. What is X?
Explain.
OR
How will you get metal from concentrated ore?
29. a. Define excretion. [3]
b. Name the basic filtration unit present in the kidney.
c. Draw excretory system in human beings and label the following organs of excretory system which perform
following functions;
i. form urine.
ii. is a long tube which collects urine from kidney.
iii. store urine until it is passed out.
30. Two plants, A with white flowers and B with red flowers were crossed. The F1 progeny shows all red flowers [3]

and F2 has three red and one white. Categorise the trait as dominant and recessive.
31. Sudha finds out that the sharp image of window pane of her science laboratory is formed at a distance of 15 cm [3]
from the lens. She now tries to focus the building visible of her outside the window instead of the window pane
without disturbing the lens. In which direction will she move the screen to obtain a sharp image of the building?
What is the approximate focal length of this lens?
32. The following circuit diagram shows three resistors 2Ω, 4Ω, RΩconnected to a battery of e.m.f. 2V and internal [3]
resistance 3Ω. A main current of 0.25 A flows through the circuit.

Page 4 of 16
 a. What is the P.D. across 4 Ω resistor.
b. Calculate P.D. across the internal resistance of the cell.

33. i. Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220V electric supply line are rated 10W. How many lamps [3]
can be connected in parallel with each other across the two wires of 220V line if the maximum allowable
current is 5A?
ii. A heater coil connected to 200 V has a resistance of 80Ω . If the heater is plugged in for the time t such that 1
kg of water at 20°C attains a temperature of 60°C. Find the power of the heater and the heat absorbed by
water.
Section D
34. Discuss the formation of covalent bonds in molecules of: [5]
i. Methane
ii. Carbon tetrachloride
iii. Water
OR
What is the difference between the chemical composition of soaps and detergents? State in brief the action of soaps in
removing an oily spot from a shirt. Why are soaps not considered suitable for washing where water is hard?
35. Draw a well labeled diagram of female reproductive system and mention its parts. [5]
OR
What are hormones? State their role in the working of the human [Link] Define 'Hormone'. What are the general
functions of 'hormones'?
36. Differentiate between a concave mirror and a convex mirror. [5]
OR
An object 5 cm in length is held 25 cm away from a converging lens of focal length 10 cm. Draw the ray diagram and
find the position, size and the nature of the image formed.
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
The dissolving of an acid or a base in water is a highly exothermic reaction. Care must be taken while mixing
concentrated nitric acid or sulphuric acid with water. The acid must always be added slowly to water with
constant stirring. If water is added to a concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out
and cause burns. The glass container may also break due to excessive local heating. Look out for the warning

Page 5 of 16
 sign on the can of concentrated sulphuric acid and on the bottle of sodium hydroxide pellets.

(i) What is the exothermic reaction?

(ii) Write an example of an exothermic reaction.
OR
How will you obtain sulphuric acid from an acidic oxide?
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
You must have noticed many dramatic changes in your appearance as well as that of your friends as you
approached 10-12 years of age. These changes associated with puberty are because of the secretion of
testosterone in males and oestrogen in females. Do you know anyone in your family or friends who has been
advised by the doctor to take less sugar in their diet because they are suffering from diabetes? As a treatment,
they might be taking injections of insulin. This is a hormone that is produced by the pancreas.
(i) Why is pancreas a dual gland?
(ii) Name the hormone which is secreted by males and females during adolescence.
(iii) What happens if Insulin is not secreted in the proper amount?
OR
From which cells of pancreatic islets insulin and glucagon hormone are secreted?
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A student fixes a sheet of white paper on a drawing board using some adhesive materials. She places a bar
magnet in the centre of it and sprinkles some iron filings uniformly around the bar magnet using a salt sprinkler.
On tapping the board gently, she observes that the iron filings have arranged themselves in a particular pattern.
(i) What does this pattern of iron filings demonstrate?
(ii) Draw a diagram to show this pattern of iron filings.
(iii) How is the direction of the magnetic field at a point determined using the field lines? Why do two
magnetic field lines not cross each other?
OR
How are the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet drawn using a small compass needle ? Draw one
magnetic field line each on both sides of the magnet.

Page 6 of 16
 Solution

Section A
1.
(c) No reaction
Explanation: No reaction takes place because Fe is less reactive than Zn
Fe + ZnSO4 → No reaction

2.
(b) cathode, anode
Explanation: According to electrolysis reaction, H + ions pick up electrons from the cathode and get reduced to H2 gas, while
oxide ions lose their electrons at the anode and get oxidized to oxygen gas.

3.
(b) Vanilla essence
Explanation: An acid-base indicator shows a colour change from red to blue or blue to red which is not recognisable by a
visually impaired student. To detect this change, the olfactory indicator is required which gives a particular odour during this
colour change. So vanilla essence is used because of its fruity smell.
4.
(b) B and D
Explanation: Ethanol and propanol are alcohols and contain the functional group -OH. Ethanol is C2H5OH and propanol is
C3H7OH. Ethanoic acid contains the carboxylic group (-COOH).

5.
(b) copper sulphate
Explanation: The copper sulphate solution will turn green due to the formation of iron sulphate. A reddish brown coating of
copper is formed on the nail. Iron is less reactive than aluminium and zinc. It is however, more reactive than copper. It
displaces copper from its solution (displacement reaction). The less reactive copper comes out of the solution and more reactive
iron goes into the solution.
CuSO4 (aq) + Fe (s) à FeSO4 (aq) + Cu s)

6.
(b) H2SO3
Explanation: H2SO3

7.
(b) Glacial acetic acid
Explanation: The freezing point of pure ethanoic acid is 16.6o C (61.9o F). The freezing point of pure water is 0o C. The
freezing point of pure ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) is -114.1o C. The freezing point of pure acetone is -95oC. When ethanoic acid

Page 7 of 16
 (acetic acid) is cooled below 10o C, it freezes to form a colourless, ice-like solid. The solid looks like a glacier and hence pure
ethanoic acid are called glacial ethanoic acid (or glacial acetic acid).
8.
(c) Dissolve chlorophyll
Explanation: Dissolve chlorophyll
9. (a) Both maternal & Paternal DNA
Explanation: As during fertilisation, sperm only gives nucleus, but ova gives nucleus as well as cytoplasm. Therefore, the
mitochondrial DNA and other cytoplasmic factors are inherited directly from mother. there are some traits which are
exclusively linked with Y- chromosome and they are inherited by the male child directly from father.
10.
(c) Gram, pea and ground-nut
Explanation: Gram, pea and ground-nut
11. (a) Back cross
Explanation: Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in
order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding
and in production of gene knockout organisms.
12. (a) lower surface of the leaf
Explanation: Stomata are mainly present on the lower surface of the leaf.
13.
(d) Number of lines crossing a given point
Explanation: Number of lines crossing a given point
14.
(d) magnitude of current
Explanation: The heat produced by passing an electric current through a fixed resistor is proportional to the square of the
magnitude of the current.
15. (a) Energy flow and nutrient movement
Explanation: Different materials in an ecosystem are cycled in separate biogeochemical cycles. Essential nutrients like
nitrogen, carbon, oxygen, and water are changed from one form to another in these biogeochemical cycles. Producers in an
ecosystem fix up the solar energy and make it available for the next trophic levels.
16.
(d) 1%
Explanation:
The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by all the green plants for the process of photosynthesis is about one percent. The
green plants (producers) use this solar energy for the process of photosynthesis, convert it into food energy and make the
energy available to the rest of the ecosystem.

17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Copper vessel is covered with a green coating in the rainy season due to the attack of oxygen, carbon dioxide,
and water vapors of the air on copper forming green-coloured basic copper carbonate. Thus both assertion and reason are true,
and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
18.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
19.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The wires are parallel to each other but the direction of current in it is in same direction so they attract each
other. If the current in the wire is in opposite direction then wires repel each other.
20.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Page 8 of 16
 Section B
21. Unsaturated hydrocarbons like alkenes and alkynes undergo addition reactions and their general formula are CnH2n and CnH2n-2
respectively.
So, C3H6 and C2H2 undergo addition reactions.
22. Copper-T is a contraceptive method which prevents implantation of the zygote inside the uterus. It cannot prevent a woman from
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). STDs are transmitted by contact which cannot be prevented by copper-T.
23. The leaf is treated with alcohol so that it loses its green colour (chlorophyll pigment) and blue-black colour is easily visible (in
presence of starch) after treatment with iodine.
OR
Lymph is the plasma and formed elements that have leaked out of the capillaries into extracellular environment. It carries food and
wastes to the body cells outside the circulatory system. Lymph is formed from the fluid which leaks from blood capillaries and
goes to the intercellular spaces in the tissues. This fluid is collected through lymph vessels and finally returns to the blood
capillaries. Lymph also plays an important role in the immune system.
24. u = - 10 cm. [u is always negative]
v = ?; m = - 2 [Real image]
−v v
m = or − 3 =
u 10

V = −30 cm

Image will be formed at 30 cm from the mirror on the side of the object.
25. In humans, the increased UV radiation increases the incidence of cataract and skin cancer (including melanoma) and diminishes
the functioning of immune system.
OR
Artificial ecosystems are those ecosystems which are modified and managed by human beings. Crop fields are man-made. Here
plants do not grow naturally rather most of the plants are grown by humans according to the season, type of soil, etc. Crop fields
are not like wild forest area, which is left to the care of nature and can sustain itself. In crop fields, the land is managed, the soil is
prepared for sowing seeds, then irrigated and further progress is also kept under observation for getting a good yield. This is why
crop fields are known as an artificial ecosystem.
26. The labelled diagram has been shown in figure given below, in which

PE → Incident ray
∠ i → Angle of incidence

EF → Refracted ray
∠ r → Angle of refraction

FS → Emergent ray
∠ e → Angle of emergence
∠ A → Angle of the prism
∠ D → Angle of deviation

Section C
27. i. Sulphur is a non-metal because of the following reason:
a. It is a poor conductor of electricity.
b. Sulphur is neither malleable nor ductile.
c. Sulphur forms acidic oxide.
S + O2 ⟶ SO2
SO2 + H2O ⟶ H2SO4

ii. Magnesium is metal because of the following reason.

a. It is a good conductor of electricity.

Page 9 of 16
 b. Magnesium is malleable nor ductile.
c. It forms basic oxides
2Mg + O2 ⟶ 2MgO

28. i. a. Zinc is more reactive than silver. It will displace silver from silver nitrate solution and will form zinc nitrate in the
solution.
Zn(s) + 2AgNO3 (aq)→ Zn(NO3)2(aq) +2Ag(s)
b. Magnesium is more reactive than iron. It will displace iron from iron (II) chloride solution and will form magnesium
chloride in the solution.
Mg(s) + FeCl2(aq)→ MgCl2(aq) + Fe(s)
c. Copper is less reactive than magnesium. It will not displace magnesium from magnesium sulphate solution and, hence, no
reaction will take place.
Cu(s) + MgSO4(aq)→ No reaction
ii. X is potassium (K). Potassium is a soft metal that's why it can be cut with a knife and it is lighter than water that's why it floats
on the surface of water and the heat produced melts the potassium.
OR
Extraction of the metal from the concentrated ore. The metal is extracted from the concentrated ore by the following steps:
(i) Conversion of the concentrated ore into its oxide. This is usually done by calcination and roasting process. The method
depends upon the nature of the ore. A carbonate ore is converted into oxide by calcination while a sulphide ore is converted into
oxide by roasting.
(ii) Conversion of oxide to metal by reduction process.
(i) Conversion of ore into metal oxide : It can be done by two methods
(a) Calcination : It is the process of heating the concentrated ore in the absence of air. The calcination process is used to removed
volatile impurities, water from the hydrated ores and to convert carbonate ores into metal oxide.
For example :
(i) Zinc occurs as zinc carbonate in calamine (ZnCO3). The ore is calcinated (heated strongly) in the absence of air to convert it to
zinc oxide. During calcination, carbon dioxide is expelled.
Calcination
ZnCO3 −−−−−−−→ ZnO + CO2
Zinc carbonate (Zinc.
(Calamine ore) Oxide)
(ii) Aluminium occurs as Al2O3.2H2O in its bauxite ore. When the bauxite ore is calcined, water vapours are expelled and
anhydrous aluminium oxide is obtained.
Calcination
Al2O3.2H2O −−−−−−−→ Al2O3 + 2H2O
Aluminium
Bauxite Ore
Oxide
b) Roasting : It is the process of heating the concentrated ore strongly in the presence of excess air. This process is used for
converting sulphide ores to metal oxide.
For example, zinc occurs as sulphide in zinc blende (ZnS). It is strongly heated in excess of air when it forms zinc oxide and
sulphur dioxide gas is expelled.
Roasting
2ZnS + 3O2 −−−−−→ 2ZnO + 2SO2
Zinc sulphide (Zinc blende Zinc
ore) Oxide
ii) Conversion of metal oxide to metal : The metal oxide formed after calcination or roasting is converted into metal by reduction.
Some of the methods commonly used for the reduction of metal oxides to metals are discussed below:
I) Reduction by heating in air : Metals low in the reactivity series can be obtained from their oxides by heating in air. For
example, mercury is obtained from cinnabar (HgS) ore by this method. The method involves the following steps:
i) The concentrated mercuric sulphide (cinnabar or) is roasted in air when mercuric oxide is formed.
Roasting

2HgS + 3O2 −−−−−→ 2HgO + 2SO2

Mercuric sulphide Mercuric
(Cinnabar ore) oxide

Page 10 of 16
 2HgO → 2Hg + O2

Mercuric Mercuric
oxide metal
ii) Mercuric oxide is heated to about 300oC and it decomposes to give mercury metal.
II) Chemical reduction : The metal oxides from calcination or roasting processes are reduced to free metal by using chemical
agents like carbon, aluminium, sodium or calcium.
(a) Reduction with carbon : The oxides of moderately reactive metals like zinc, copper, nickle, tin, lead etc. can be reduced by
using carbon as reducing agent. In this process, the metal oxide is mixed with coke and heated in a furnace. Carbon reduces the
metal oxide to free metal.
For e.g. when zinc oxide is heated with carbon, zinc metal is produced.
Heat
ZnO + C −−−→ Zn + CO
Zinc Reducing Zinc Carbon
oxide agent metal monoxide
Similarly, lead is obtained from lead oxide by heating with carbon.
PbO + C → Pb + CO
Lead oxide Lead metall
Coke is very commonly used as a reducing agent because it is cheap.
(b) Reduction with carbon monoxide : Metals can be obtained from oxides by reduction with carbon monoxide in the furnace.
For example, iron is obtained from ferric oxide by heating with carbon monoxide.
Heat

Fe2O3(s) + 3CO −−−→ 2Fe + 3CO2

c) Reduction with aluminium : Certain metal oxides are reduced by aluminium to metals. The method is known as
aluminothermy or thermite process. For example, chromium, manganese, titanium, vanadium metals are obtained by the reduction
of their oxides with aluminium powder.
Heat
3MnO2 + 4Al −−−→ 3Mn + 2Al2O3
Manganese oxide Manganese
Heat
Cr2O3 + 2Al −−−→ 2Cr + Al2O3
Chromium oxide Chromium
Similarly, chromium is obtained by heating chromium oxide with aluminium powder.
(d) Reduction by electrolysis or electrolytic reduction : The oxides of active metals are commonly extracted by the electrolysis
of their fused salts using suitable electrodes. This is also called eelctrolytic reduction. The process of extraction of metals by
electrolysis process is called electrometallurgy.
For e.g., aluminium oxide is very stable and aluminium cannot be prepared by reduction with carbon. It is prepared by the
electrolysis of molten alumina (Al2O3). In this process pure alumina is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na3ALF6) in an iron tank
lined with carbon. During electrolysis, the aluminium ions, Al3+ are reduced at cathode (by the electrons) to form aluminium.

Al3+ + 3e- → Al
Aluminium ion (from molten Aluminium (At
alumina) cathode)
During electrolytic reduction of molten salts, the metals are always produced at the cathode (negative electrode).
29. a. Excretion is the process of removing harmful metabolic waste such as urea, uric acid and salts from our body.
b. Nephron is the basic filtration unit present in the kidney.
c. Diagram of Human Excretory System is shown below.
i. kidney forms urine
ii. ureter is a long tube which collects urine from kidney.
iii. urinary bladder store urine until it is passed out.

Page 11 of 16
 iv.

30. When two plants, A with white flowers and B with red flowers were crossed,
In F1 generation all the plants have red coloured flowers and in F2 generation the ratio of red : white is 3 : 1.
The dominant trait is red colour in flowers.
The recessive trait is white colour in flowers.

Gametes R r

R RR(red) Rr(red)

r Rr(red) rr(red)
31. Let us assume that the window pane is between F2 and infinity from this lens and this is a convex lens. We know that when the
object is between infinity and F2, its inverted and real images is formed between 2F and 2F2.
Now, the distant building is at infinity from the lens. Its image would be formed at 2F. So, the screen needs to be moved towards
the lens in order to get a sharp image. Its approximate focal length is 10 cm (less than image distance in earlier case).
32. Current in the circuit = 0.25 A
Current through 4Ω wire = 0.25 A
a. P.D. across 4Ω = 0.25 × 4 = 1V
b. P.D. across 3Ω = 0.25 × 3 = 0.75 V
33. i. Let current through each bulb be I.
P = VI, 10 = 220 I
I= A 1

22

Let n such bulbs be connected in series.

Current through n bulbs = 5A
n(current in 1 bult) = 5
n =5
22
1

n = 110
110 such bulbs can be lighted within allowable limit of 5A.
2

ii. ∴ Power of heater, P =

V

R
=
200×200

80
= 500W

∴ Heat absorbed by water, H = mC θ R

= 1 × 4200 × 40 [∵ θ R = 60
∘
− 20
∘ ∘
= 40 C , C = 4200 J/kgoC]
= 168000 J
= 168kJ
Section D

Page 12 of 16
34. i. Covalent bonds in methane (CH4) molecule: The atomic number of carbon is 6. Its electronic configuration is 2, 4. This means
that carbon atom has four valence electrons. These are shared by the electrons of four hydrogen atoms. As a result, the carbon
atom gets linked to four hydrogen atoms by four covalent bonds. The formation of methane molecule may be shown as
follows:

ii. Covalent bonds in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) molecule: The atomic number of carbon is 6. Its electronic configuration is 2,
4. The four electrons present in the valence shell of carbon atom are shared by the unpaired electrons of four chlorine atoms
(2, 8, 7). Thus, carbon atom gets linked to four chlorine atoms by four covalent bonds. The formation of carbon tetrachloride
molecule may be shown as follows:

iii. Covalent bonds in water (H2O) molecule: The atomic number of oxygen is 8. Its electronic configuration is 2, 6. This means
that oxygen atom has six valence electrons. In order to have eight electrons in its valence shell oxygen atom shares two
electrons with the electrons of two hydrogen atoms. Thus, oxygen atom gets linked to hydrogen atoms by two covalent bonds.
The formation of water molecule may be shown as follows:

OR
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids having -a COONa group of long-chain carboxylic
acids. whereas detergents are sodium or potassium salts of sulphonic acids having - SO3Na and -SO4Na groups.
The cleansing action of soap: Soap molecules have two ends one is long hydrocarbon chain hydrophobic i.e, water-repelling and
the other is polar water-loving i.e, hydrophilic end.

When soap is dissolved in water, the molecules associate together as clusters called micelles in which water molecules, being
polar in nature, surround the ions and the hydrocarbon part of the molecule attracts grease, oil, and dirt.
Inside water, clusters of molecules are formed in which the hydrophobic tails are in the interior of the cluster and ionic ends are
present on the surface of the cluster. This formation is called micelle formation. To wash away the loosened dirt particles in the
form of micelles from the surface of the cloth, it is either scrubbed mechanically or agitated in the washing machine. In the form
of a micelle, soap is able to clean, since the oily dirt is being collected in the centre of the micelle.

Page 13 of 16
35. a. A pair of ovaries- ovaries produces ova and female sex hormone. One egg is produced every month by one of the ovaries. Ova
are picked up by the funnel shaped fallopian tubes.
b. Fallopian tubes- There are two fallopian tubes. It carries ova from ovary to the uterus. Fertilization occurs in fallopian tubes.
c. Uterus- Pear shaped hollow muscular organ. Fertilized ovum remains attached to the uterus wall.
d. Vagina- It is a narrow muscular tube. Its upper end is connected to the cervix of the uterus and lower end opens outside
through an opening. It is a place for copulation.

OR
Selye in 1948 defined hormones as "Physiological and organic compounds produced by certain cells (endocrine glands) for the
sole purpose of directing the activities of distant parts of the same organism." They are also referred to as "chemical messengers".
They have excitatory effects on some organs and inhibitory effects on others.
Functions of hormones:
1) Hormones stimulate the tissue activity.
2) Hormones regulate growth and reproduction.
3) Hormones control metabolism.
4) Hormones synthesize, store and utilize substances like glucose.
5) Hormones conserve water and minerals.

36. Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

A concave mirror is made by silvering the outer surface of a A convex mirror is made by silvering the inner surface of a part
part of a hollow sphere and reflection takes place from the of a hollow sphere and reflection takes place from the outer
inner surface. bulging surface.

Concave mirrors are converging mirrors. The light rays A convex mirror is a diverging mirror. The light rays incident on
incident on a concave mirror converges after reflection. a convex mirror diverges after reflection.

The image formed by it is real as well as virtual depending on The image formed by it is always virtual for all positions of the
the position of the object from the mirror. object in front of the mirror.
OR

h = 5 cm; h' = ?, u = -25 cm [Object distance is always negative]

v = ?; f = +10 cm [convex lens]
Using =
1

f
− or =
1

v
+
u
1 1

v
1

f
1

1 1 1 −2 + 5 3
= + = =
v −25 10 50 50

v = 16.7 cm
′

m= h
=
v

u
or h
′
= h
v

u
h

50

′ 3 −250
h = 5 = = − 3.3 cm
−25 75

Page 14 of 16
 h' = -3.3 cm
Negative sign shows image is inverted, real, diminished (3.3 cm) and at 16.7 cm on the right side of lens.
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The dissolving of an acid or a base in water is a highly exothermic reaction. Care must be taken while mixing concentrated nitric
acid or sulphuric acid with water. The acid must always be added slowly to water with constant stirring. If water is added to a
concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause burns. The glass container may also break due
to excessive local heating. Look out for the warning sign on the can of concentrated sulphuric acid and on the bottle of sodium
hydroxide pellets.

(i) An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy through light or heat.
(ii) Mixing of acid with water is a highly exothermic reaction.
OR
When sulphur trioxide (acidic oxide) is dissolved in water, an exothermic reaction takes place with the formation of
sulphuric acid.
SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
You must have noticed many dramatic changes in your appearance as well as that of your friends as you approached 10-12 years
of age. These changes associated with puberty are because of the secretion of testosterone in males and oestrogen in females. Do
you know anyone in your family or friends who has been advised by the doctor to take less sugar in their diet because they are
suffering from diabetes? As a treatment, they might be taking injections of insulin. This is a hormone that is produced by the
pancreas.
(i) Pancreas is a dual gland because it acts as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. As endocrine, it secretes hormones like
insulin, glucagon. As an exocrine gland, it releases enzymes like trypsin, lypase, amylase etc.
(ii) Testosterone in males and oestrogen in females is the hormone that is secreted during adolescence.
(iii)If Insulin is not secreted in the proper amount then it causes diabetes.
OR
Glucagon and Insulin are secreted from alpha and beta cells of islets of the pancreas respectively.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A student fixes a sheet of white paper on a drawing board using some adhesive materials. She places a bar magnet in the centre of
it and sprinkles some iron filings uniformly around the bar magnet using a salt sprinkler. On tapping the board gently, she
observes that the iron filings have arranged themselves in a particular pattern.
(i) This pattern of iron fillings demonstrate the magnetic field lines.
(ii)

Page 15 of 16
(iii)The direction of a magnetic field at a point is determined by placing a small compass needle. The N - pole of compass
indicates the direction of magnetic field at that point.
Two magnetic field lines do not intersect each other because if there was point of intersection, The compass needle
would point towards 2 directions.
OR

Page 16 of 16
 Class X Session 2024-25
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 2

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answers to these questions should

be in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. A student took Cu, Al, Fe and Zn strips separately in four test tubes labelled I, II, III and IV. He added 10 mL of [1]
freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution to each test tube as shown below:

Black residue would be obtained in test tubes

a) II and IV b) I, II and IV

c) II and III d) III and IV

2. Which of the following metals do not corrode in moist air? [1]

a) Iron b) Silver

c) Copper d) Gold
3. Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion? [1]

a) Antacid b) Antiseptic

c) Antibiotics d) Analgesic
4. Which of the following is not an allotropic form of carbon? [1]

Page 1 of 16
 a) Diamond b) Fluorine

c) Graphite d) Fullerene
5. What is shown in the experiment given below: [1]

a) Reaction of metals with salt solutions b) Heating a salt sample on a spatula

c) Action of steam on a metal d) Testing the conductivity of a salt solution

6. If copper is kept open in air, it slowly loses its shining brown surface and gains a green coating. It is due to the [1]
formation of

a) CuCO3 b) CuO

c) CuSO4 d) Cu(NO3)2

7. The structural formula of an ester from which an acid and an alcohol is formed is as follows. Name the acid and [1]
the alcohol.

a) Formic acid, Ethanol b) Ethanoic acid, Ethanol

c) Propanoic acid, Methanol d) Formic acid, Propanol

8. Anaerobic process [1]

a) takes place in yeast during fermentation b) produces ethanol, oxygen, and energy

c) takes place in the presence of oxygen d) produces only energy in the muscles of
human beings
9. The egg of an animal contains 10 chromosomes, of which one is X-chromosome. How many autosomes would [1]
be there in the karyotype of this animal?

a) 9 b) 18

c) 8 d) 20
10. Characters transmitted from parents to offspring are present in [1]

a) Cytoplasm b) Genes

c) Ribosome d) Golgi bodies

11. In a plant, smooth seeds(S) are dominant over wrinkled seeds(s) and green seeds (G) are dominant over yellow [1]
seeds (g). A plant homozygous for smooth and green seed is crossed with a plant having wrinkled and yellow
seeds. The F1 offspring are self crossed to produce F2 generation. If a total of 160 offspring are produced, how

many plants are expected to be having wrinkled and green seeds in F2 generation, according to a typical
Mendelian cross?

Page 2 of 16
 a) 10 b) 90

c) 30 d) 20
12. During deficiency of oxygen in tissues of human beings, pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid in the [1]

a) Golgi body b) Mitochondria

c) Chloroplast d) Cytoplasm
13. The magnetic field inside the solenoid is: [1]

a) Non-uniform b) Variable

c) Zero d) Same at all points

14. The elements of electric heating devices are usually made of: [1]

a) nichrome b) bronze

c) argon d) tungsten
15. Use of high temperature for waste disposal is called ________. [1]

a) Composting b) Recycling

c) Landfilling d) Incineration
16. Which of the following groups contain only biodegradable items? [1]
a. Grass, flowers and leather
b. Grass, wood and plastic
c. Fruit peels, cake and lime-juice
d. Cake, wood and grass

a) Groups (a), (c) and (d) b) Groups (a), (b) and (c)

c) Groups (a), (b) and (d) d) Groups (b), (c) and (d)
17. Assertion (A): The colour of aqueous solution of copper sulphate turns colourless when a piece of lead is added [1]
to it.
Reason (R): Lead is more reactive than copper, and hence displaces copper from its salt solution.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): Regeneration is getting a full organism back from its body parts. [1]
Reason (R): In grafting, the stock is placed over the scion.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): Two bar magnets attract when they are brought near to each other with the same pole. [1]
Reason (R): Unlike poles will attract each other.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

Page 3 of 16
 c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
20. Assertion (A): The second trophic level of a food chain operating in a grassland is mostly occupied by a [1]
carnivore.
Reason (R): Carnivores feed upon herbivores and are secondary consumers.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used? [2]
22. What will happen if the fallopian tubes are partially blocked and the ovulated eggs are prevented from reaching [2]
the uterus?
23. Chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis. Why? [2]
OR
Why is it not advisable to sleep under a tree at night while resting under it during mid-day is not bad?
24. An object is placed at a distance of 30 cm from a concave lens of focal length 15 cm. List four characteristics [2]
(nature, position, etc.) of the image formed by the lens.
25. List two reasons to show that the existence of decomposers is essential in an ecosystem. [2]
OR
Microorganisms are often referred to as the 'scavengers of the environment.' Explain.
26. Which part of the eye controls the size of the pupil? [2]
Section C
27. i. Which types of metals can be obtained in their pure form by just heating their oxides in air? Give one [3]
example.
ii. Consider the reaction given below used to obtain Manganese metal in pure form:
3MnO2(s) + 4Al(s) ⟶ 3Mn(l) + 2Al2O3(s) + Heat

a. What type of reaction is it?

b. What is the role of aluminium in this reaction?
28. Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of sodium, magnesium, and aluminium to their respective metals. Why? Where [3]
are these metals placed in the reactivity series? How are these metals obtained from their ores? Take an example
to explain the process of extraction along with chemical equations.
OR
What are the various methods used for concentration of ore/Ore dressing?
29. Define nutrition. What are the different modes of nutrition? [3]
30. i. In humans, if gene B gives brown eyes and gene b gives blue eyes, what will be the colour of eyes of the [3]
persons having the following combination of genes? (a) Bb (b) bb (c) BB
ii. What do you class this trait of eye colour in human? Explain.
31. Distinguish between real image and virtual image. [3]
32. Given in fig. is the circuit diagram in which three resistors of 1Ω, 2Ω and 3Ω are connected to cell of e.m.f. 2V [3]
and internal resistance 0.5 Ω.
i. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit.

Page 4 of 16
 ii. What is the reading of ammeter and What will be ammeter reading if an exactly similar cell is connected in

series with the given cell ?

33. a. What is the heating effect of electric current? [3]

b. Write an expression for the amount of heat produced in a resistor when an electric current is passed through
it stating the meanings of the symbols used.
c. Name two appliances based on heating effect of electric current.
Section D
34. a. Distinguish between esterification and saponification reactions with the help of chemical equations for each. [5]
b. With a labelled diagram describe in brief an activity to show the formation of an ester.
OR
What are detergents chemically? List two merits and two demerits of using detergents for cleansing. State the reason
for the suitability of detergents for washing, even in the case of water having calcium and magnesium ions.
35. Give reason for the following: [5]
a. During reproduction inheritance of different proteins will lead to altered body designs.
b. Fertilization cannot take place in flowers if pollination does not occur.
c. All multicellular organisms cannot give rise to new individuals through fragmentation or regeneration.
d. Vegetative propagation is practised for growing only some type of plants.
e. The parents and off-springs of organisms reproducing sexually have the same number of chromosomes.
OR
Explain briefly movements in plants.
36. An object is placed at a distance of 30 cm from a concave lens of focal length 30 cm. [5]
i. Use lens formula to determine the distance of the image from the lens.
ii. List four characteristics of the image (nature position, size, erect/inverted) in this case.
iii. Draw a labelled diagram to justify your answer of part (ii)
OR
i. What is meant by power of a lens? Define its SI unit.
ii. You have two lenses A and B of focal lengths +10 cm and - 10 cm, respectively. State the nature and power of
each lens. Which of the two lenses will from a virtual and magnified image of an object placed 8 cm from the
lens? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer.
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Copper sulphate crystal contains water of crystallisation when the crystal is heated the water is removed and salt
turns white. The crystal can be moistened again with water. The water of crystallisation is the fixed number of
water molecules present in 1 formula unit of copper sulphate. On heating gypsum at 373K, it loses water

Page 5 of 16
 molecules and became calcium sulphate hemihydrate.

(a) If the crystal is moistened with water, then which colour of the crystal reappears?
(b) What is the commercial name of calcium sulphate hemihydrate?
OR
How many water molecules are present in one formula unit of copper sulphate?
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Animals have a nervous system for controlling and coordinating the activities of the body. But plants have
neither a nervous system nor muscles. So, how do they respond to stimuli? When we touch the leaves of a chui-
mui (the ‘sensitive’ or ‘touch-me-not’ plant of the Mimosa family), they begin to fold up and droop. When a
seed germinates, the root goes down, the stem comes up into the air. What happens? Firstly, the leaves of the
sensitive plant move very quickly in response to touch.
There is no growth involved in this movement. On the other hand, the directional movement of a seedling is
caused by growth. If it is prevented from growing, it will not show any movement.

(a) Write the types of movement.

(b) Give an example of a plant hormone that promotes growth.
(c) What is the function of the nervous system?
OR
How is the movement of leaves of the sensitive plant different from the movement of a shoot towards light
?
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
An insulated copper wire wound on a cylindrical cardboard tube such that its length is greater than its diameter
is called a solenoid. When an electric current is passed through the solenoid, it produces a magnetic field around
it. The magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid is similar to the magnetic field produced by a bar
magnet. The field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of parallel straight lines. The strong magnetic field
produced inside a current-carrying solenoid can be used to magnetize a piece of a magnetic material like soft
iron when placed inside the solenoid. The strength of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid

Page 6 of 16
is directly proportional to the number of turns and strength of the current in the solenoid.

(a) What would be the strength of the magnetic field inside a long current-carrying straight solenoid?
(b) Which end is north and which end is south pole when current flows through a solenoid?
(c) A long solenoid carrying a current produces a magnetic field B along its axis. If the current is double and
the number of turns per cm is halved, then what will be the new value of the magnetic field?
OR
A soft iron bar is enclosed by a coil of insulated copper wire as shown in the figure. When the plug of the
key is closed, then where would the face B of the iron bar be marked?

Page 7 of 16
 Solution
Section A
1. (a) II and IV
Explanation: Black residue would be obtained in test tubes II and IV because Al and Zn will displace iron from F eSO to 4

form black residue as these are more reactive than iron.

2Al + 3F eSO4 → Al2 (SO4 )3 + 3F e

Zn + F eSO4 → ZnSO4 + F e

2.
(d) Gold
Explanation: Gold is a noble metals i.e., very less reactive metals and hence they do not get corrode easily in moist air.
3. (a) Antacid
Explanation: Antacids are mild bases which are given to a person suffering from acidity as acids reacts with bases to form salt
and water. The excess acid present in the stomach is neutralised by the bases present in antacids and relieve indigestion.
4.
(b) Fluorine
Explanation: Fluorine
5.
(c) Action of steam on a metal
Explanation: Action of steam on a metal.
6. (a) CuCO3
Explanation: Copper gets green coating due to the basic copper carbonate formation and is a mixture of copper carbonate and
copper hydroxide when it reacts with carbon dioxide gas and moisture present in the air. This is called tarnishing of copper.
The reaction is as follows:
2Cu + H2O + CO2 + O2 → Cu(OH)2 + CuCO3

7.
(d) Formic acid, Propanol
Explanation: HCOOCH2CH2CH3 + H2O --> HCOOH + CH3 CH2CH2OH
The ester is HCOOCH2CH2CH3. The product HCOOH is formic acid or methanoic acid (carboxylic acid) and CH3
CH2CH2OH is propanol (alcohol).

8. (a) takes place in yeast during fermentation

Explanation: takes place in yeast during fermentation
9.
(b) 18
Explanation: Karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in a nucleus of somatic cell. Somatic cells are diploid
cells which make up the body. They have two sets of chromosomes. So, if an egg cell (gamete cell) which is a haploid cell
(with single set of chromosomes)has 10 chromosome, then number of chromosomes present in a somatic cell will be 20
chromosomes . As egg cells are produced by female body, then among 20 chromosomes, two X chromosomes will be sex
chromosome. So, karyotpe of that animals will be showing 18 autosomes.
10.
(b) Genes
Explanation: The characteristics or traits of parents are transmitted to their progeny (offsprings) through genes present on their
chromosomes
11.
(c) 30
Explanation: 30

Page 8 of 16
12.
(d) Cytoplasm
Explanation: When there is a lack of oxygen Breakdown of Pyruvate takes place in the cytoplasm of muscle cells leading to
the formation of Lactic acid.
13.
(d) Same at all points
Explanation: Same at all points
14. (a) nichrome
Explanation: The elements of electric heating devices are made using nichrome.
15.
(d) Incineration
Explanation: Incineration is the process of burning substances under aerobic conditions at high temperature (usually more than
1000oC) in a closed unit called incinerator.
16. (a) Groups (a), (c) and (d)
Explanation:
The waste that is generated may be biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Substances that are broken down by biological
processes are said to be biodegradable. Grass, flowers, leather, wood, fruit peels, cake and lime-juice are
all biodegradable. Substances that are not broken down by biological processes are said to be non-biodegradable. Plastic is non-
biodegradable. Plastic is inert and persists in the environment for a long time.
17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
18.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Regeneration is the process which involves repair of damaged cells/tissue or replacement or redevelopment of
broken body part or reconstruction of whole body from a small body fragment. The simple animals like Hydra and Planaria
show regeneration. It means if Hydra or Planaria somehow get cut into a number of pieces, then each body piece can grow into
a complete organism.
19.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
20.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: The second trophic level of a food chain is occupied by herbivores that feed on plants or producers that are
present in first trophic level.
Section B
21. Ethyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Since it has high carbon content, it burns in air with a sooty flame due to the presence of
unburnt carbon in it. Due to its incomplete combustion, heat produced is not sufficient to attain the high temperature needed for
welding. In order to ensure complete combustion and to obtain a high temperature needed for welding, a mixture of ethyne and
oxygen is used.
22. Fertilization may take place but the zygote may develop in the tube instead of uterus.
23. The chlorophyll traps the solar energy and converts it into chemical energy which takes part the dark reaction of photosynthesis to
form glucose. Hence chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis.
OR
During the day, in presence of sunlight, the plants use up the CO2 and release O2 in the process of photosynthesis. But during
night, plants won’t perform photosynthesis so they are unable to use the CO2 and this further leads to increase in the proportion of
CO2 in the air. During night the trees breathe in oxygen and release CO2. If one sleeps under the trees, the amount of increased
CO2 in the air around will certainly affect the health. So it is inadvisable to sleep under trees during night. He suffers from
suffocation. He feels excess weight on his chest. For this reason, some rural people imagine and fear that ghosts would come and
sit on their chests if they sleep under Peepal or Banyan trees.

Page 9 of 16
24. Object distance, u = -30 cm
Focal length of concave lens = -15 cm
We know that, − = 1

v
1

u
1

1 1 1
− =
v −30 −15

1 1 1
= − −
v 15 30
1 −2−1 −3 −1
= = =
v 30 30 10

v = -10 cm .
Characteristics of image:
i. The image is formed at a distance of 10 cm from the concave lens on the left side.
ii. Image formed is virtual.
iii. Image formed is erect.
iv. The size of the image formed is diminished.
25. Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi which helps in the breakdown of organic matter or biomass of dead plants and animals
into simple inorganic raw materials and replenish the environment are termed as decomposers. Their existence is thus, essential in
an ecosystem because
i. They help in the natural replenishment of soil.
ii. They help in keeping the environment clean as they reduce environmental pollution.
OR
Scavangers feed upon discarded and dead waste. Micro organisms are called scavengers of the environment because they
decompose dead bodies of plants and animals present in the soil and help in cleaning the environment by removing waste
products. They lie at the top of food chain.
26. Iris
Section C
27. i. Metals low in activity series can be reduced to pure metals just by heating their oxides in presence of air, example mercury
(Hg):
Heat

2HgO(s) −−→ 2Hg(l) + O2 (g)

Mercurous oxide Mercury

ii. a. The given reaction is a displacement reaction.

b. Aluminium is more reactive than manganese used as a reducing agent, as Al is capable of replacing Mn from MnO2.
28. Oxides of sodium, magnesium and aluminium are very strong oxides as these metals are very reactive metals, but carbon is not a
strong reducing agent and hence carbon cannot reduce the oxide of sodium, magnesium and aluminium to their respective metal.
In the reactivity series, sodium, magnesium and aluminium are placed in the upper portion and they are very reactive in nature and
carbon is less reactive.
K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > C > Zn > Fe
Oxides of reactive metals are directly put into the electrolytic reduction process to obtain the pure metal.
For the oxide of a reactive metal like aluminium oxide, as the metal is already in its oxide state so, it is directly put for the
electrolytic reduction process. In this process, graphite electrodes are used as anode and cathode in the electrolytic chamber. Pure
aluminium is attracted to the cathode, which is a lining of graphite. The oxygen is attracted to the anode and bubbles through the
solution.
Cathode reaction: At the cathode reduction of aluminium takes place and aluminium is discharged
Al3+ + 3e- → Al
Anode reaction: At the anode oxidation takes place and oxygen gas is evolved.
2O2- → O2 + 4e-

OR

Page 10 of 16
 Concentration of Ore: The process of removal of unwanted impurities like sand, rocky material, earthy particles etc. from the ore
is called ore concentration or ore dressing. The finely ground ore is concentrated by any of the following processes:
i. Hydraulic washing: This method depends upon the difference in the densities of the ore particles and the impurities (gangue).
The crushed and powdered ore is taken in large wooden tables with small obstacles. A stream of water is passed over the
shaking table. The lighter impurities are washed away with the running stream of water while the heavier ore particles are left
behind. This method of concentration is usually applicable to oxide ores.
ii. Froth floatation process: This method is used for the extraction of those metals in which the ore particles are preferentially
wetted by oil and gangue by water. In this method, the powdered ore is mixed with water containing small quantities of oil
(pine oil m eucalyptus oil) in a large tank (Fig.), The water is agitated by blowing air violently when a froth (or foam) is
formed. The froth carries the lighter ore particles along with it to the surface. The heavier impurities are left behind in water
and these settle to the bottom. Since the ore particles float with the froth at the surface, this process is called froth floatation
process. The froth at the surface is transferred into another tank. The froth is broken by adding some acid and ore particles are
separated by filtration and dried. For example, the froth floatation process is commonly used for the sulphide ores of copper,
zinc, lead et

iii. Magnetic separation: The ores which are attracted by a magnet can be separated from the non-magnetic impurities with the
help of magnetic separation method. For example, this method is used for the concentration of haematite, an ore of iron. It
consists of a leather belt moving over two rollers, one of which is magnetic in nature. This is shown in the figure. The
powdered ore is dropped over the moving belt at one end. At the other end, the magnetic portion of the ore is attracted by the
magnetic roller and falls nearer to the roller while the non-magnetic impurities fall farther off.

29. Nutrition: The sum total of processes by which living organisms obtain food materials and prepare them for use in the growth,
repair and providing energy is termed nutrition.
Nutrition is of two types: 1) Autotrophic nutrition, 2) Heterotrophic nutrition.
1) Autotrophic nutrition: The mode of nutrition in which an organism prepares its own food is called autotrophic nutrition.
Mostly green plants have the ability to manufacture their own organic food due to the presence of chlorophyll. They take up CO2
and H2O and manufacture carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight process called as photosynthesis. Such organisms are called
autotrophs and their mode of nutrition is called autotrophic.
2) Heterotrophic nutrition: The mode of nutrition in which an organism takes food from another organism is called heterotrophic
nutrition. In this type of nutrition, the animals derive organic food materials by consuming bodies or products of other living or
dead plants or animals.
30. i. Bb will have brown eyes.
bb will have blue eyes.
BB will have brown eyes.
ii. Eye colour in humans is an inherited trait. These are traits that are present in the DNA of an organism and are passed on to
their progeny.

31. Real Image Virtual Image

1. It is formed by the actual meeting of reflected (or 1. It is formed when reflected (or refracted) rays appear to meet when
refracted) ray. produced backward

Page 11 of 16
 [Link] can be obtained on the screen. [Link] cannot be obtained on the screen.

[Link] is always inverted. [Link] is always erect.

[Link] is formed by concave, convex and plane mirror(or concave and

[Link] is formed by concave mirror or convex lens.
convex lens.)
32. ResisOKtance, 1Ω and 2Ω are in series and combined resistance i.e. 1 + 2 = 3Ω in parallel with 3Ω.
Hence total resistance of the combination is = + =
1

R
or R =
1

3
= 1.5Ω
1

3
2

3
3

i. Total resistance of the circuit = R + r = 1.5 + 0.5 = 2Ω

ii. Total current through ammeter = E
=
R + r
= 1A
2

iii. In second case total e.m.f.= 2 + 2 = 4V

Total resistance = 1.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 = 2.5Ω
4 40 8
Current through circuit in second case = 2.5
=
25
=
5
= 1.6 A

33. a. When an electric current passes through a conductor (like a high resistance wire) the conductor becomes hot after some time
and produces heat. This is called heating effect of Electric Current.
Ex: A bulb becomes hot after its use for some time. This is because of heating effect of electric current.
b. We Know that
H=P×t
Energy
H= Time
× t

∵ Energy = V.Q
V .Q.t
H= t

H = Vit
∵ V = IR

H = I2Rt
Other form
V
H=V [
R
]t

Where
I = Current
R = Resistance
t = Time
c. Two devices which work on the heating effect of electric current are:
i. Electric heater
ii. Electric iron
Section D
34. Here the difference between esterification and saponification reactions
C2 H5 OH + C H3 C OOH → C H3 C OO C2 H5 + H2 O(esterif ication)
Alcohol Acid Ester W ater

C H3 C OO C2 H5 + N aOH → C2 H5 OH + C H3 C OON a (saponif ication)

Ester Base Alcohol Salt

Page 12 of 16
 Diagram for esterification

Description
1mL ethanol, 1mL glacial acetic acid and a few drops of conc. H2SO4
↓

Warmed in a water bath

↓

Water is poured into the beaker

↓

Fruity smell is produced

OR
Detergents are chemically ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids.
Merits:
i. Detergents can work well with both hard water and soft water.
ii. Detergents are more effective than soaps.
iii. Detergents contain synthetic chemicals so tend to provide more cleaning power.
iv. Detergents are made with chemical substances so they can be modified for specific purposes such as laundry detergents etc.
v. Detergents are more easily soluble in water.
Demerits:
i. They are expensive.
ii. They can create water pollution.
iii. Detergents are formed with a synthetic chemical with few natural sources therefore they are usually non-biodegradable.
iv. They can cause soil pollution.
v. Detergent poisoning occurs when someone swallows cationic or anionic detergents, reports Medline Plus.
Detergents are suitable for hard water having Magnesium and Calcium ions because they do not form insoluble salts with these
ions.
35. a. Reproduction at its most basic level involves making copies of the blueprints of body design. The DNA in the cell nucleus is
the information source for making proteins. If the information is changed, different proteins will be made. Different proteins
will eventually lead to altered body designs.
b. In flowering plants, male gametes are produced in the pollen grains inside the anther. Pollination brings the pollen grains
having male gametes from the anther to the stigma. Upon successful arrival of pollen grains on the stigma, a pollen tube is
formed where they take male gamete to the female gamete or egg present in the ovule for fertilisation.
c. The body's organs are made of tissue and specialised cells, complex multicellular creatures cannot give birth to new life.
Multicellular organisms cannot reproduce by regeneration of a portion of some tissue because of their high level of
specialisation.
d. Vegetative propagation is the ability of the plants to reproduce by producing new plants from the vegetative plant parts such as
leaf, stem, or roots under appropriate conditions. This method is the only means of reproduction for some seedless plant
varieties such as banana, rose, and jasmine.
e. Gametes of sexually-reproducing animals have half the number of chromosomes as that of the parents. Thus, during
fertilisation, when two gametes i.e. male and female gametes, fuse, the offspring produced will have the same amount of DNA

Page 13 of 16
 or the same number of chromosomes as that of the parent.
OR
Plant Movement
Tropic movement or tropism
Directional movement of specific part of plant in response to external stimuli is called tropism.
These movements are very [Link] movement of plant part can be either towards or away from stimulus.
If the movement of plant is towards stimulus,it is called positive stimulus.
If the movement of plant is away from stimulus,it is called negative stimulus.
1) Phototropism: It is the directional movement of plant part in response to light stimulus.
If plant part move towards light it is called as positive phototropism.
For Ex:Stem or shoot
If plant part move away from light it is called as negative phototropism.
For Ex:Roots
2) Geotropism : It is the response to gravity.
If the plant part moves in the direction of gravity it is called positive geotropism
For Ex:Roots grow downwards.
If the plant part moves against the direction of gravity it is called negative geotropism.
For Ex:Stem grows upwards
3) Chemotropism : Response to chemical stimuli.
If Plant part move towards chemical stimuli it is positive chemotropism
If plant part move away from chemical stimuli it is negative chemotropism.
4) Hydrotropism : Response to water.
36. i. u = -30 cm f = -30cm v = ? m = ?
1 1 1
= −
f v u

1 1 1
∴ = +
v f u

= 1

(−30 cma)
+
1

(−30 cm)

1 1 1
= − −
v 30 30
−2
= 30

∴ v = -15 cm
v
m =
u
(−15 cm)
= = −
1

2
(−30 cm)

ii. Four characteristics of the image are:

Nature – virtual
Position – 15cm away from the lens, on the same side as the object
Size – diminished
Erect / inverted – erect

iii.

OR
The ability of a lens to converge or diverge light rays is called power of the lens. It is defined as the reciprocal of focal length. It's
SI unit is dioptre (D). If focal length is expressed in metres, then power is expressed in dioptre. We can say, dioptre is the power of
a lens whose focal length is one metre. For concave lens P and f are negative. For convex lens P and f are positive. Lens A of
focal length + 10 cm is convex lens
and power, P = =
100
= +10D
100

10
f (in cm)

Lens B of focal length - 10 cm is concave lens

100 100
and power, P = f (in cm)
=
−10
= −10D

Page 14 of 16
 Lens A (i.e. convex lens) will form a virtual and magnified image of an object placed 8 cm from it, as shown.

Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Copper sulphate crystal contains water of crystallisation when the crystal is heated the water is removed and salt turns white. The
crystal can be moistened again with water. The water of crystallisation is the fixed number of water molecules present in 1
formula unit of copper sulphate. On heating gypsum at 373K, it loses water molecules and became calcium sulphate hemihydrate.

(i) If the crystal is moistened with water, then the blue colour of the crystal reappears.
(ii) The commercial name of calcium sulphate hemihydrate is Plaster of Paris.
OR
Five water molecules are present in one formula unit of copper sulphate.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Animals have a nervous system for controlling and coordinating the activities of the body. But plants have neither a nervous
system nor muscles. So, how do they respond to stimuli? When we touch the leaves of a chui-mui (the ‘sensitive’ or ‘touch-me-
not’ plant of the Mimosa family), they begin to fold up and droop. When a seed germinates, the root goes down, the stem comes
up into the air. What happens? Firstly, the leaves of the sensitive plant move very quickly in response to touch.
There is no growth involved in this movement. On the other hand, the directional movement of a seedling is caused by growth. If
it is prevented from growing, it will not show any movement.

(i) There are two types of movement:

a. dependent on growth
b. independent on growth.
(ii) Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes growth.
(iii)The function of the nervous system is to control and coordinate the activities of the body.
OR
The movements of the leaves of the sensitive plant are touch sensitive and independent of growth while the movement of
the shoot towards light is growth related and known as phototropism.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
An insulated copper wire wound on a cylindrical cardboard tube such that its length is greater than its diameter is called a
solenoid. When an electric current is passed through the solenoid, it produces a magnetic field around it. The magnetic field
produced by a current-carrying solenoid is similar to the magnetic field produced by a bar magnet. The field lines inside the

Page 15 of 16
solenoid are in the form of parallel straight lines. The strong magnetic field produced inside a current-carrying solenoid can be
used to magnetize a piece of a magnetic material like soft iron when placed inside the solenoid. The strength of the magnetic field
produced by a current-carrying solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns and strength of the current in the solenoid.

(i) Magnetic field inside the infinite solenoid is uniform. Hence it is the same at all points.
(ii) The end of the current carrying solenoid at which the current flows anti-clockwise behaves as a north pole while that end
at which the direction of current clockwise behaves as a south pole and this is according to clock wise.
(iii)For a long solenoid, magnetic field B ∝ In; where I is the flowing current and n is number of turns per unit length in the
solenoid. Therefore, in the given case magnetic field will remain unchanged.
OR
For a solenoid, if we imagine gripping the solenoid with your right hand so that your curl fingers follow the direction of
the current then your thumb will point towards the north end of the electromagnet.

Page 16 of 16
 Class X Session 2024-25
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 4

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answers to these questions should

be in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. The food items like cheese that is shown in the given below image become unfit for eating. This happens due to: [1]

a) Corrosion b) Rusting

c) Dusting d) Rancidity
2. Chemically rust is: [1]

a) Metal oxide b) Ferric oxide

c) Ferrous oxide d) Hydrated ferric oxide

3. Bleaching powder is produced by the action of chlorine on [1]

a) calcium chloride b) calcium hydroxide

c) dry slaked lime d) moist slaked lime

4. Which of the following are not straight chain compounds? [1]

Page 1 of 16
 a) A, B and D b) C and D

c) A and B d) A and C
5. Aqueous solutions of zinc sulphate and iron sulphate were taken in test tubes I and II by four students A, B, C [1]
and D. Metal pieces of iron and zinc were dropped in the two solutions and observations made after several
hours were recorded in the form of table as given below:

The correct reporting has been made in observations:

a) Student A b) Student C

c) Student D d) Student B
6. Which of the following elements occurs in free state in nature? [1]

a) Fe b) Ni

c) Pt d) CO
7. Which of the following represent the formula C 6 H14 ? [1]

a) A, B and D b) A and C

c) All of these d) A and B

8. As compared to daytime, the amount of carbon dioxide released by the plants during night is more because: [1]

a) It is stored in the leaves of plants during b) Plants do not respire during daytime.
daytime.

c) It is not produced during daytime. d) Major amount of carbon dioxide produced

is used up for photosynthesis during

Page 2 of 16
 daytime.
9. The statement that correctly describes the characteristic(s) of a gene is: [1]

a) A gene is not the information source for b) In individuals of a given species, a specific
making proteins in the cell. gene is located on a particular chromosome.

c) All the inherited traits in human beings are d) Each chromosome has only one gene
not controlled by genes. located all along its length.
10. The diagram shows a section through the male reproductive system. What is the function of part X? [1]

i. The secretion of the gland neutralises acids from urine.

ii. It decreases the number of sperms damaged during ejaculation.
iii. It stimulates uterine contraction to help sperms move forward into the fallopian tube.
iv. Both (i) and (ii)

a) Statement (iv) is correct. b) Statement (iii) is correct.

c) Statement (ii) is correct. d) Statement (i) is correct.

11. In human males, all the chromosomes are paired perfectly except one. This/these unpaired chromosome is/are [1]
i. large chromosome
ii. small chromosome
iii. Y-chromosome
iv. X-chromosome

a) (iii) and (iv) b) (i) and (ii)

c) (ii) and (iv) d) (iii) only

12. In the experiment, to show CO2 is given out during respiration. Atul put boil gram seeds in a conical flask. [1]
According to his observation, the water level in the bent tube:

a) Rises b) Decreases

c) Rise or decreases in water level depends on d) Remains the same

the room temperature
13. A coil of many circular turn wrapped around a insulator forms a [1]

a) Solenoid b) Bar magnet

c) Circular magnet d) U-shaped magnet

14. Two LED bulbs of 10W and 5W are connected in series. If the current flowing through 5W bulb is 0.005A, the [1]
current flowing through 10W bulb is:

a) 0.0025A b) 0.005A

Page 3 of 16
 c) 0.02A d) 0.01A
15. How much of the net primary productivity of a terrestrial ecosystem is eaten and digested by herbivores? [1]

a) 0.1% b) 10%

c) 100% d) 1%
16. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes eye disease like: [1]

a) Conjunctivitis b) Cataract

c) Short-sightedness d) Colour blindness

17. Assertion (A): Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting. [1]
Reason (R): Corrosion of iron occurs in presence of moist air.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): Vagina is also called a birth canal. [1]
Reason (R): During birth, the baby passes through the vagina.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): Deflection of the iron filings changes when current in the conductor varies. [1]
Reason (R): Magnitude of the magnetic field does not change with the magnitude of current.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): Flow of energy in a food chain is unidirectional. [1]
Reason (R): Energy captured by autotrophs does not revert back to the solar input and it passes to the
herbivores.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. What is a covalent bond? What type of bond exists in (i) CCl4 (ii) CaCl2? [2]
22. Why are testes placed outside the abdominal cavity in the scrotal sac? [2]
23. What would be the consequence of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our body? [2]
OR
What is meant by circulation?
24. A 6 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length 30 cm. The [2]
distance of the object from the mirror is 45 cm. Use mirror formula to determine the position, nature and size of
the image formed. Also draw labelled ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.
25. Alisha digs a pit in her garden and puts the following items in it. [2]

Page 4 of 16
 paper cups
glass bowls
fruit peels
rubber slippers
She then covers the pit with soil. Which item will decompose first?
OR
Which of the following belong to the second trophic level?
i. Frog, butterfly, spider, rice weevil
ii. Parrot, frog, butterfly, spider.
26. In today's digital world, every human spends around a minimum eight hours with the digital electronic items [2]
which make their eyes to strain more and causes many eye problems. Still they undergo many exercises for their
eyes during their working hours what would be your medical suggestion to reduce the stress and strain caused in
the eyes?
Section C
27. In a chemistry laboratory, students were instructed to set up three experiments, details of which are given below: [3]

Experiment
Set up details
No.

1. 2 iron nails in a cork capped test tube + Tap water immersing the nails +

2 iron nails in a cork capped test tube + Boiled water immersing the nails + Oil on top of water
2.
layer.

2 iron nails In a cork capped test tube + Cotton wool on top of the iron nails + Granules of
3.
calcium chloride on cotton wool.

Indicate the changes observed in the nails kept in all the three setups, with reasons.
28. Give reasons for the following: [3]
i. Ionic compounds have higher melting and boiling points.
ii. Sodium is kept immersed in kerosene.
iii. Reaction of calcium with water is less violent.
iv. Prior to reduction the metal sulphides and carbonates must be converted into metal oxides for extracting
metals.
OR
Explain the following
a. Reactivity of Al decreases if it is dipped in HNO3
b. Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Na or Mg
c. NaCl is not a conductor of electricity in solid state whereas it does conduct electricity in aqueous solution as well
as in molten state
d. Iron articles are galvanised.
e. Metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg are never found in their free state in nature.
29. Explain the process of digestion of food in mouth, stomach and small intestine in human body. [3]
30. Name the plant Mendel used for his experiment. What type of progeny was obtained by Mendel in F1 and F2 [3]

generations when he crossed the tall and short plants? Write the ratio he obtained in F2 generation plants.

Page 5 of 16
31. Sudha finds out that the sharp image of window pane of her science laboratory is formed at a distance of 15 cm [3]
from the lens. She now tries to focus the building visible of her outside the window instead of the window pane
without disturbing the lens. In which direction will she move the screen to obtain a sharp image of the building?
What is the approximate focal length of this lens?
32. For the circuit shown in the given diagram: [3]

What is the value of

i. current through 6Ω resistor?
ii. potential difference across 12Ω resistor?
33. An electric geyser rated at 1500 W, 250 V is connected to a 250 V line mains. Solve [3]
i. the electric current drawn by it. and the energy consumed by it in 50 h.
ii. cost of energy consumed if each unit costs Rs 6.
Section D
34. What do you mean by multiple covalent bonding? Explain with the help of examples. [5]
OR
A compound A (molecular formula C3H6O2) reacts with sodium metal to form compound B and evolves a gas which

burns with a pop sound. The compound A on treatment with alcohol C, found in beer, in presence of concentrated
sulphuric acid, forms a sweet smelling compound D (molecular formula C5H10O2). On addition of NaOH to A it also
gives B and water. D on treatment with NaOH gives back B and C. Identify A, B, C and D and write down the
chemical equations of the reactions involved.
35. i. Name the mode of reproduction of the following organisms and state the important feature of each mode : [5]

a. Planaria
b. Hydra
c. Rhizopus
ii. We can develop new plants from the leaves of Bryophyllum. Comment.
iii. List two advantages of vegetative propagation over other modes of reproduction.
OR
Name various plant hormones. Also give their physiological effects on plant growth and development.
36. What are Cartesian sign conventions used in spherical mirror ? What is the mirror formula ? [5]
OR
A student has three concave mirrors A, B and C of focal lengths 20 cm, 15 cm and 10 cm, respectively. For each
concave mirror, he performs the experiment of image formation for three values of object distance of 30 cm, 10 cm
and 20 cm.
Give reasons for the following:
i. For the three object distances, identify the mirror which will form an image equal in size to that of object. Find at
least one value of object distance.
ii. Out of the three mirrors, identify the mirror which would be preferred to be used for shaving purpose.
iii. For the mirror B, draw ray diagram for image formation for any two given values of object distance.
Section E

Page 6 of 16
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]

The strength of acid and base depends on the number of H+ and the number of OH- respectively. If we take
hydrochloric acid and acetic acid of the same concentration, say one molar, then these produce different amounts
of hydrogen ions. Acids that give rise to more H+ ions are said to be strong acids, and acids that give less H+
ions are said to be weak acids. Can you now say what weak and strong bases are?

(a) Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd?
(b) Is Gastric juice a weak acid?
OR
Milk of magnesia is an acid or base? For what purpose it can be used?
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
We have seen that the different parts of our body have specific functions. Our mouth waters when we see the
food we like without our meaning to. Our heart's beat without our thinking about it. In fact, we cannot control
these actions easily by thinking about them even if we wanted to. So, in between the simple reflex actions like
change in the size of the pupil, and the thought out actions such as moving a chair, there is another set of muscle
movements over which we do not have any thinking control. Many of these involuntary actions are controlled by
the mid-brain and hind-brain. All these involuntary actions including blood pressure, salivation and vomiting are
controlled by the medulla in the hind-brain. Think about activities like walking in a straight line, riding a
bicycle, picking up a pencil. These are possible due to a part of the hind-brain called the cerebellum. It is
responsible for the precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and balance of the body. Imagine
what would happen if each of these events failed to take place if we were not thinking about it.

(a) Identify the part of the nervous system which controls the reflex action.
(b) Does reflex action involve all parts of the voluntary nervous system?
(c) Identify the part of the autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary actions.
OR
Beating of heart muscles, which type of action is this? Out of voluntary and involuntary action which is
slower?
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A student fixes a sheet of white paper on a drawing board using some adhesive materials. She places a bar
magnet in the centre of it and sprinkles some iron filings uniformly around the bar magnet using a salt sprinkler.
On tapping the board gently , she observes that the iron filings have arranged themselves in a particular pattern.
(a) What makes iron filings arrange in a definite pattern?
(b) Draw a diagram to show this pattern of iron filings.
(c) How is the direction of magnetic field at a point determined using the field lines? Why do two magnetic
field lines not cross each other?

Page 7 of 16
 OR
How are the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet drawn using a small compass needle? Draw one
magnetic field line each on both sides of the magnet.

Page 8 of 16
 Solution
Section A
1.
(d) Rancidity
Explanation: Rancidity spoils the food materials prepared in fats and oils which have been kept for a considerable time and
makes them unfit for eating. Hence, the cheese shown in the image becomes unfit for eating due to rancidity.
2.
(d) Hydrated ferric oxide
Explanation: Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of
water or air moisture. Chemically, rust is a hydrated ferric oxide (Fe2O3. H2O).

3.
(c) dry slaked lime
Explanation: Bleaching powder is manufactured (prepared on a large scale) by passing chlorine gas over dry slaked lime:
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O

4.
(b) C and D
Explanation: A and B are straight chain compounds. A has a straight chain of 5 carbon atoms. B has a straight chain of 7
carbon atoms. C and D are not straight chain compounds.
5.
(b) Student C
Explanation: Fe + ZnSO4 → No reaction
It is because iron is less reactive than Zinc.
Zn + FeSO4 → ZnSO4 + Fe
The solution becomes colourless and black iron gets deposited.
6.
(c) Pt
Explanation: Pt
7. (a) A, B and D
Explanation: A, B and D are isomers of hexane - they have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. C
represents an isomer of pentane C5H12

8.
(d) Major amount of carbon dioxide produced is used up for photosynthesis during daytime.
Explanation: Major amount of carbon dioxide produced is used up for photosynthesis during daytime.
9.
(b) In individuals of a given species, a specific gene is located on a particular chromosome.
Explanation: In individuals of a given species, a specific gene is located on a particular chromosome.
10. (a) Statement (iv) is correct.
Explanation: Gland X is Cowper's gland that is present in males. It secretes an alkaline fluid.
11. (a) (iii) and (iv)
Explanation: Males have two distinct sex chromosomes (XY) and are called the heterogametic sex (Chromosome-23).
Females have two of the same kind of sex chromosome (XX)(Chromosome-23) and are called the homogametic sex. In human
males, all the chromosomes (22- Autosomes) are paired perfectly except one (23rd). These unpaired chromosomes are X and Y
(Chromosome-23).
12.
(d) Remains the same

Page 9 of 16
 Explanation: Remains the same because boiled gram seeds do not produce CO2 gas.

13. (a) Solenoid

Explanation: A coil of many circular turn wrapped around a insulator forms a solenoid. It is mainly made of soft iron core as it
loses the magnetism very easily on withdrawal of current.
14.
(b) 0.005A
Explanation: The current in a circuit made up of a series of resistors is the same in every area of the circuit or is the same
current flowing through every resistor.
15.
(b) 10%
Explanation: 10%
16.
(b) Cataract
Explanation: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause eye diseases like cataract. A cataract is a clouding of the lens in
the eye which leads to a decrease in vision.
17.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Vagina is called as birth canal because the baby passes through the vagina during birth.
19.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Assertion is correct but the reason is wrong. As the current changes in the conductor, magnitude of the magnetic
field produced also vanes which is the reason for a change in the deflection of the iron filings.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The flow of energy through different steps in the food chain is unidirectional. This means that energy captured
by autotrophs does not revert back to the solar input and it passes to the herbivores.
Section B
21. The chemical bond formed (between two atoms) through the sharing of electrons is known as a covalent bond. The sharing of
electrons between the two atoms takes place in such a way that both the atoms acquire stable electronic configurations of their
nearest noble gas. The electron pairs shared by the two atoms are known as shared pairs.
(i) CCl4: The type of bond in carbon tetra chloride is covalent bond.
(ii) CaCl2: The type of bond in calcium chloride is ionic bond.
22. Testes are placed outside the body cavity in the scrotal sac because it requires a temperature 2 C lower than the normal body
∘

temperature for production of sperms.

23. The deficiency of haemoglobin in the body is called anaemia. In anaemia, the blood is unable to carry the sufficient amount of
oxygen required by the body. So, respiration would be less and less energy will be available to the body. A haemoglobin deficient
person will feel weak, pale, lethargic and will be unable to perform heavy physical work.
OR
In order to transport the nutritive materials, waste materials, oxygen, carbon dioxide to the respective parts of the body, an
extracellular fluid, blood circulates in our body. This process is called circulation.
24. Given, Height of the object = 6 cm
Focal length, f = - 30 cm
Object distance, u = - 45 cm
Image distance, v = ?
Height of image, hi = ?
We have, 1

f
= 1

v
+ 1

−30
1
= 1

v
+ 1

−45

−30
1
+ 1

45
= 1

−3+2
1

v
= 90

Page 10 of 16
 v = - 90 cm
hi −v
Also, we have m = h0
= u

hi −(−90)

6
= −45

hi

6
=-2
hi = -12

25. Fruit peels

OR
The second trophic level is marked by the organisms which feed directly on the producers, thus, folowing organisms lie at the
second tropic level.
i. Butterfly, rice weevil.
ii. Butterfly, parrot.
26. In addition to the exercise for the strained eyes, my medical suggestion would be the usage of the anti-glare lens in their spectacles
which reduces the impact of blue light emitted from digital items and artificial lighting. This would reduce the stress and strain
caused. But still the exercise for eyes in repeated time interval should also be regularly followed.
Section C

27.

Test tube 1: Iron nails would get rusted that is corroded as they are exposed to moisture and air.
Test tube 2: Iron nails won't get rusted as they are exposed to water that is devoid of oxygen due to boiling and further the layer
of oil is not letting oxygen come into contact with the water in which nails are immersed.
Test tube 3: Iron nails won't get rusted or corroded because they are not exposed to moisture and air.
28. i. Ionic compounds have high melting point and boiling point because in the ionic compounds the oppositely charged ions are
held together by strong ionic bonds which require a lot of heat to break these bonds.
ii. Sodium is kept in kerosene because Sodium is highly reactive metal and it will instantly burn in the air so kerosene cuts off
the contact of sodium with air.
iii. The reaction of Calcium with water is less violent because the heat evolved in this reaction is insufficient to burn hydrogen
gas evolved during reaction.
iv. Metal Sulphides and carbonates must be converted to oxides prior to reduction because it is easier to reduce oxides than
sulphides or carbonates.
OR
a. When aluminium (Al) is placed in nitric acid (HNO3), a layer of aluminium oxide is formed on the metal. This happens
because nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent. The layer of aluminium oxide prevents further reaction of aluminium. This is
the reason why the reactivity of aluminium decreases.
b. Sodium and magnesium have a tendency to react with oxygen rather than carbon because these are highly reactive metals.
Hence, carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Na or Mg.
c. Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid-state but they conduct electricity in aqueous solution and in the molten
state due to high concentration of free electrons. This property is shown by sodium chloride as it is an ionic compound.
d. Iron articles are galvanized to prevent them from rusting. After galvanization, the layer of zinc works as a protective layer.
The most common type is hot-dip galvanizing. In this process, iron parts are submerged in a bath of molten zinc.

Page 11 of 16
 e. Metals such as Na, K, Ca and Mg are highly reactive metals and hence they are not found in their free state in nature.
29. Digestion of food occurs in the following steps:
i. Mouth (Buccal cavity): The mouth contains teeth, which crush the food into small particles. Salivary glands present in the
mouth secrete saliva, which moistens the food. It also contains enzyme salivary amylase which gets mix with food and form
bolus. From here, food travels to the esophagus or swallowing tube. The esophagus is a muscular tube extending from the
pharynx to the stomach.
ii. Stomach- The stomach is a sac-like organ with strong muscular walls which acts like mixer and grinder. Gastric glands are
present in the wall of the stomach which release following secretions:
a. Hydrochloric acid To make the medium acidic for the action of enzyme pepsin.
b. Mucus To protect the inner lining of the stomach from the action of an acid.
c. Pepsin A protein-digesting enzyme.
iii. Small intestine is made up of three segments, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine is a long tube loosely
coiled in the abdomen It is the site of complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It receives secretions from liver
and pancreas.
a. Bile juice It is secreted by the liver and performs the following functions:
It makes the medium alkaline for the pancreatic enzymes to act. It also breaks down large fat globules into smaller
globules.
b. Pancreatic juice It is secreted by the pancreas. It contains enzymes like amylase for digesting starch, trypsin for digesting
proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fats.
c. Intestinal juice It is secreted by the walls of the small intestine. It contains a number of enzymes such as maltase, lipase
etc., for complete digestion
Colon - The final stage of the digestive system is the colon (large intestine) which absorbs water and salts before the remains are
passed out of the rectum as faeces. The colon can also help to absorb remaining carbohydrate and some fats.
30. i. Plant used by Mendal is Garden Pea Plant (Pisum sativum).
ii. F1 - All tall; F2 - Tall and short
iii. The ratio in F2 progeny is 3:1.

Page 12 of 16
31. Let us assume that the window pane is between F2 and infinity from this lens and this is a convex lens. We know that when the
object is between infinity and F2, its inverted and real images is formed between 2F and 2F2.
Now, the distant building is at infinity from the lens. Its image would be formed at 2F. So, the screen needs to be moved towards
the lens in order to get a sharp image. Its approximate focal length is 10 cm (less than image distance in earlier case).
32. Let the current through the circuit be I which is divided into I1 and I2 in the arms AB and CD respectively, then we have
I = I1 + I2
In the arm AB, the total resistance is
R1= 6Ω + 3Ω = 9Ω
and the total resistance in the arm CD is
R2 = 12Ω + 3Ω = 15Ω
i. Then current in the 6Q resistor i.e.,
V
I1 = R1

= 4

= 0.44 A
ii. Now the current through CD is
I2 = V

R2

= 4

15

= 0.27 A
The potential difference across 12Ω , resistor is
V1 = I × 12Ω 2

V1 = 0.27 × 12
= 3.23 V
33. Given, power, P = 1500W, voltage, V = 230 V
i. ∴ Electric down drawn,
P 1500
I = = = 6A
V 250

ii. ∴ Energy consumed, E = power ​× Time

= 1500 × 50

= 75000W h

= 75kW h [∴1 kW = 1000 W]

= 75 unit [∴ 1 unit = 1 kWh]

iii. ∴ Cost of energy consumed = 75​​​​​​×​​​​​6

= Rs 450.

Section D
34. Multiple covalent Bonding: We know that electron pair shared between two atoms is responsible for the formation of a covalent
bond. This shared pair is also called bonding pair of electrons. The bonding atoms may share more than one pair of electrons also
depending upon their requirement to complete the Octet. If the two atoms share one electron pair, bond is known as single
covalent bond and is represented by one dash (-). If the two atoms share two electron pairs, bond is known as double covalent
bond and is represented by two dashes (=). If the two atoms share three electron pairs, bond is known as triple covalent bond and
is represented by three dashes ( ≡ ).
In the case of H2, Cl2 and HCI molecules (given above) there are single bonds between the atoms.
Formation of Double Bond: Two oxygen atoms combine to form an oxygen molecule by sharing two electron pairs. In the
formation of oxygen molecule each oxygen atom has six electrons in the valence shell and require two electrons to complete the
octet. Therefore, both the atoms contribute two electron pairs are shared and hence there is a double bond between the oxygen
atoms. The covalency of oxygen is two.

Formation of Triple Bond: In the formation of a nitrogen molecule, each of the bond nitrogen atoms having five electrons,
provides three electrons to form three electrons pairs for sharing. Thus, a triple bond is formed between the two atoms. Here,
covalency of nitrogen is three.

Page 13 of 16
 OR
Chemical equations of the reactions involved are:
A - C2H5COOH / CH3CH2COOH / An acid
B - CH3CH2COONa / C2H5COONa / a Sodium salt
C - C2H5OH / CH3CH2OH / an alcohol
D - CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 /C2H5COOC2H5 /an Ester
Equations:
2C H3 C H2 C OOH + N a → 2C H3 C H2 C OON a + H2
(A) (B)

Conc. H2 S O4

C H3 C H2 C OOH + C2 H5 OH −−−−−−−−→ C H3 C H2 C OOC H2 C H3 + H2 O

(A) D
(C)

′
C H3 C H 2 C OOH + N aOH → ‘B + H2 O
(A)

′
C H3 C H2 C OOC H2 C H3 + N aOH → C H3 C H 2 C OON a + C2 H5 O H
(D) (B) (C)

35. i. a. Planaria: Fragmentation- occurs when an organism literally breaks off from itself. The broken fragments of the organism
grow into individual separate organisms.
b. Hydra-budding: In hydra, a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at one specific site. These buds
develop into tiny individuals and, when fully mature, detach from the parent body and become new independent
individuals.
c. Rhizopus: spore formation occurs when a plant produces tiny spores and propagates through them. It burst open under
favourable conditions giving rise to the new individual.
ii. Occurs asexually through vegetative propagation by leaves. These buds arise at the margins of leaves giving rise to
adventitious roots, shoots and small leaves. The new plants then detach from the leaves and develop into a mature plant after
coming in contact with the soil.
iii. a. offspring are clones of their parent plants.
b. The plants that cannot produce viable seeds such as banana, seedless grapes and oranges, etc, can be easily grown by
vegetative propagation.
c. It is an easier, less expensive and a rapid method of propagation.
OR
Plants also perform chemical coordination for various activities with the help of hormones. These are the chemical compounds
released by stimulated cells that diffuse to various locations in plants performing different functions. These hormones produced by
plants are also called as phytohormones.
Different types of hormones produced by plants are: Auxin, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Abscisic acid, Ethylene.
The physiological effect of each plant hormone (called phytohormone) is described in following table.
Plant
Physiological Effect
Hormone

It is synthesised in the young tip of roots and shoots.

It diffuses towards the shady side of the plant, which stimulates the cells to grow longer, resulting in
Auxin bending of shoot towards the light
It promotes cell elongation and division.
It also plays important role in the formation of roots and seedless fruits.

These hormones helps in growth of stem and flower.

Gibberellins
These hormones also Help in germination of seed.

It promotes cell division and delay ageing in leaves.

Cytokinins
It reduces apical dominance and also stimulates the leaf expansion.

It is a Growth inhibitor hormone that reverses the growth promoting effects of auxin and gibberellins.
Abscisic
It causes the dormancy of seeds, wilting of leaves, closing of stomata and loss of proteins and
acid
chlorophyll.

It promotes transverse growth, also promotes senescence and abscission of leaves.

Ethylene
It acts as an essential hormone for the ripening of fruits.

Page 14 of 16
36. The modern Cartesian sign conventions are :
(a) All the rays are drawn from left to right.
(b) All distances are measured from the pole of the spherical mirror.
(c) The distances measured in the direction of the incident light are taken as positive and those measured in a direction opposite to
the direction of incident light are taken as negative.
(d) The heights measured upwards and perpendicular to the principal axis of the mirror are taken as positive and vice versa.
Since the object is always placed on the left of the mirror, u is always negative.
If u is the distance of object and v the distance of image from pole of the mirror, then
1 1 1
2

R
=
1

v
+
1

u
or f
=
v
+
u

OR
i. When an object is placed at the centre of curvature of concave mirror, the image formed is equal in size to that of object. So,
for object distance 20 cm, the mirror C with focal length 10 cm is used as
u = R = 2f = 2 × 10cm = 20cm.

ii. For shaving purpose, mirror B (f = 15 cm) would be preferred (object distance is 10 cm) Also mirror A( f=20 cm) would be
used (object distance is10 cm) .
iii. a. For u = 30 cm

b. For u = 10 cm

Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The strength of acid and base depends on the number of H+ and the number of OH- respectively. If we take hydrochloric acid and
acetic acid of the same concentration, say one molar, then these produce different amounts of hydrogen ions. Acids that give rise
to more H+ ions are said to be strong acids, and acids that give less H+ ions are said to be weak acids. Can you now say what
weak and strong bases are?

(i) The pH of milk is 6. As it changes to curd, the pH will reduce because curd is acidic in nature. The acids present in it
decrease the pH.
(ii) No, gastric juice is a strong acid.
OR
Milk of magnesia is a base and it can be used as an antacid.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
We have seen that the different parts of our body have specific functions. Our mouth waters when we see the food we like without
our meaning to. Our heart's beat without our thinking about it. In fact, we cannot control these actions easily by thinking about
them even if we wanted to. So, in between the simple reflex actions like change in the size of the pupil, and the thought out
actions such as moving a chair, there is another set of muscle movements over which we do not have any thinking control. Many
of these involuntary actions are controlled by the mid-brain and hind-brain. All these involuntary actions including blood pressure,
salivation and vomiting are controlled by the medulla in the hind-brain. Think about activities like walking in a straight line,
riding a bicycle, picking up a pencil. These are possible due to a part of the hind-brain called the cerebellum. It is responsible for
the precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and balance of the body. Imagine what would happen if each of

Page 15 of 16
 these events failed to take place if we were not thinking about it.

(i) Reflex Action is an unconscious, automatic and involuntary response of efforts, i.e., muscles and glands, to a stimulus,
which is monitored through the spinal cord. Reflex action is controlled by the spinal cord.
(ii) Yes, reflex action involves all parts of the voluntary nervous system.
(iii)The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls involuntary actions are controlled or regulated by medulla
(hindbrain).
OR
'Beating of heart muscle' is an example of involuntary action. Involuntary actions are slower than reflex actions.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A student fixes a sheet of white paper on a drawing board using some adhesive materials. She places a bar magnet in the centre of
it and sprinkles some iron filings uniformly around the bar magnet using a salt sprinkler. On tapping the board gently , she
observes that the iron filings have arranged themselves in a particular pattern.
(i) The bar magnet kept at the centre of board has its magnetic field around it. The iron filings sprinkled on the board
experience a force on them due to the magnetic field of bar magnet. So, when the student taps the board the iron filings
align themselves according to the magnetic field lines of the bar magnet.
(ii)

(iii)The direction of a magnetic field at a point is determined by placing a small compass needle. The N - pole of compass
indicates the direction of magnetic field at that point.
Two magnetic field lines do not intersect each other because if there was point of intersection, The compass needle
would point towards 2 directions.
OR

Page 16 of 16
 Class X Session 2024-25
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 5

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answers to these questions should

be in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. On adding zinc granules to freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution, a student observes that [1]

a) a dull brown coating is formed b) a greyish black coating is formed

c) a white coating is formed d) no coating is formed

2. In the double displacement reaction between aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous lead nitrate, a yellow [1]
precipitate of lead iodide is formed. While performing the activity if lead nitrate is not available, which of the
following can be used in place of lead nitrate?

a) Ammonium nitrate b) Potassium sulphate

c) Lead acetate d) Lead sulphate (insoluble)

3. An aqueous solution A turns phenolphthalein solution pink. On addition of an aqueous solution B to A, the pink [1]
colour disappears. The following statement is true for solution A and B.

a) A is strongly acidic and B is a weak acid. b) A has pH less than 7 and B has pH greater
than 7.

Page 1 of 16
 c) A is strongly basic and B is a weak base. d) A has pH greater than 7 and B has pH less
than 7.
4. CH2 = CH2 + BR2(aq) → BrCH2 - CH2Br [1]

The above reaction is an example of:

a) Hydrogenation reaction b) Substitution reaction

c) Combustion reaction d) Addition reaction

5. During smelting, an additional substance is added which combines with impurities to form a fusible product [1]
known as:

a) Flux b) Slag

c) Gangue d) Mud
6. Select the correct statements. [1]
I. Oxide ores of heavy metals are concentrated by hydraulic washing.
II. Froth floatation process is used for the concentration of magnetic ores.
III. Oxides of highly reactive metals can be reduced to metals by the action of heat alone.
IV. Carbonate ores are decomposed to form metal oxides by heating in the absence of air.

a) II and III only b) I, III and IV only

c) I and IV only d) I, II, III and IV

7. Which of the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons? [1]
i. H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
ii. H3C - C ≡ C - CH3

iii. H3C − C H − C H3
|
CH
3

iv. H 3 C − C = C H2
|
CH
3

a) (ii) and (iv) b) (iii) and (iv)

c) (i) and (iii) d) (ii) and (iii)

8. A black strip of paper was clipped onto a destarched leaf in a potted plant to cover a part of the leaf. The plant [1]
was then exposed to sunlight for four hours, the paper strip was removed and the leaf was tested for starch.
When iodine solution was added:

a) The entire leaf turned blue-black. b) The uncovered part of the leaf became blue-
black.

Page 2 of 16
 c) The colour of the iodine solution remain d) The covered part of the leaf became blue-
unchanged. black.
9. Mendel selected garden peas as his experimental material because [1]
i. Pea plants possess a number of well defined contrasting characters.
ii. Pea plants contain unisexual flowers.
iii. Pea plants have a short life cycle.
iv. Pea plants produce many seeds in one generation.

a) (i) and (iii) only b) (i) and (ii) only

c) (i), (iii) and (iv) only d) (i) and (iv) only

10. In the list of organisms given below, those that reproduce by the asexual method are [1]
i. banana
ii. dog
iii. yeast
iv. Amoeba

a) (i) and (iv) b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)

c) (ii) and (iv) d) (i), (iii) and (iv)

11. It a round green seeded pea plant (RRYY) is crossed with wrinkled yellow seeded pea plant (rr yy) the seeds to [1]
be produced in F1 generation will be:

a) round and green b) wrinkled and green

c) Wrinkled and yellow d) round and yellow

12. In submerged water plants like Hydrilla: [1]

a) Light is necessary for photosynthesis b) Photosynthesis does not occur

c) Carbon dioxide is not needed for d) Light is not needed for photosynthesis
photosynthesis
13. The magnetic field strength of a solenoid can be increased by inserting: [1]

a) A wooden piece into it b) An iron piece into it

c) A glass piece into it d) Paper roll into it

14. Which of the following is the most likely temperature of the filament of an electric light bulb when it is working [1]
on the normal 220 V supply line?

a) 2500°C b) 1500°C

c) 500°C d) 4500°C
15. Accumulation of non-biodegradable pesticides in the food chains in increasing amount at each higher trophic [1]
level is known as:

a) Biological magnification b) Accumulation

c) Eutrophication d) Pollution
16. Which group(s) of organisms is/are not a constituent of a food chain? [1]
A. Grass, lion, rabbit, wolf

Page 3 of 16
 B. Plankton, man, fish, grasshopper
C. Wolf, grass, snake, tiger
D. Frog, snake, eagle, grass, grasshopper

a) B and D b) All of these

c) B and C d) A and C
17. Assertion (A): A chemical reaction becomes faster at higher temperatures. [1]
Reason (R): At higher temperatures, molecular motion becomes more rapid.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): Urethra in human males acts as a urinogenital canal. [1]
Reason (R): Urethra carries only urine while sperms are carried by vasa deferentia only.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): For a point on the axis of a circular coil carrying current, magnetic field is maximum at the [1]
centre of the coil.
Reason (R): Magnetic field is proportional to the distance of point from the circular coil.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): An ecosystem consists of biotic components and abiotic components. [1]
Reason (R): Biotic and abiotic components play important roles for the sustenance of life and work
independently in all ecosystems.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. i. Why does carbon form the largest number of compounds? Give two reasons. [2]
ii. Why are some of these called saturated and the other unsaturated compounds?
iii. Which one of these two is more reactive and why?
22. Mention the events taking place when the ovum is fertilized in fallopian tube till it is implanted in the uterus of [2]
human female.
23. Why is blood circulation in human heart called double circulation? [2]
OR
How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic respiration?
24. State laws of refraction of light. [2]
25. Which chemical is used in fire extinguishers. It is harmful as it leads to depletion of ozone layer, thus allowing [2]
UV radiations from the Sun to enter into the atmosphere.

Page 4 of 16
 OR
How is ozone formed in the upper atmosphere? State its importance. What is responsible for its depletion? Write one
harmful effect of ozone depletion.
26. A student uses spectacles of focal length -2.5 m. [2]
i. Name the defect of vision he is suffering from.
ii. Which lens is used for the correction of this defect?
iii. List two main causes of developing this defect.
iv. Compute the power of this lens.
Section C
27. Pratyush took sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it. He collected the gas evolved by inverting a test tube [3]
over it.
What will be the action of gas on
i. Dry litmus paper?
ii. Moist litmus paper?
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction taking place.
28. What is the cause of the inertness of noble gas elements? [3]
OR
i. An ore, on heating in air, give sulphur dioxide gas. Name the method in each metallurgical step, that will be
required to extract this metal from its ore.
ii. State which of the following reactions will take place or which will not, giving suitable reason for each?
a. Zn(s) + CuSo4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)

b. Fe(s) + ZnSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Zn(s)

29. Explain nutrition in Amoeba. [3]

30. In a pea plant, find the contrasting trait if [3]
i. the position of flower is terminal
ii. the flower is white in colour
iii. shape of pod is constricted
31. An object is kept at a distance of 18 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm, from a lens of power+5D. (i) In which case or cases [3]
would you get a magnified image? (ii) Which of the magnified image can we get on a screen? (b) List two
widely used applications of a convex lens.
32. Calculate the total cost of running the following electrical devices in the month of September, if the rate of 1 unit [3]
of electricity is Rs. 6.00.
i. Electric heater of 1000 W for 5 hours daily.
ii. Electric refrigerator of 400 W for 10 hours daily.
33. Find out the following in the electric circuit given in Figure [3]

i. The potential difference across 4 Ω resistance

Page 5 of 16
 ii. The power dissipated in 4 Ω resistor
Section D
34. Discuss the formation of covalent bonds in molecules of [5]
i. Ammonia
ii. Ethylene
iii. Carbon dioxide.
OR
Discuss the important characteristics of covalent compounds.
35. Explain various steps of budding in yeast. [5]
OR
Given below is a diagram of the human endocrine system.

Using the given diagram, answer the following questions:

i. How pituitary gland regulates the growth of the body?
ii. Which hormone is responsible for the carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism in the body?
iii. Which pair of glands prepare the body to deal with emergency situations?
iv. Which gland secretes insulin and what does it do in the body?
v. What is the function of endocrine glands?
36. How are the images formed when an object is moved from infinity to the convex lens? [5]
OR
An object 2 cm high is placed at a distance of 16 cm from a concave mirror which produces a real image 3 cm high.
(i)Find the position of the image.
(ii)What is the focal length of mirror?
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
The teacher while conducting practicals in the laboratory divided the students into three groups and gave them
various solutions to find out their pH and classify them into acidic, basic and neutral solutions.
Group A - Lemon juice, vinegar, colourless aerated drink
Group B - Tomato juice, coffee, ginger juice
Group C - Sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, lime water
(a) For the solutions provided, which group is/are likely to have pH value (i) less than 7, and (ii) greater than
7?
(b) List two ways of determining pH of a solution.
OR

Page 6 of 16
 Explain, why the sour substances such as lemon juice are effective in cleaning the tarnished copper
vessels.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
In animals, control and coordination are provided by nervous and muscular tissues. Touching a hot object is an
urgent and dangerous situation for us. We need to detect it and respond to it. How do we detect that we are
touching a hot object? All information from our environment is detected by the specialised tips of some nerve
cells. These receptors are usually located in our sense organs, such as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue, and so
on. So gustatory receptors will detect taste while olfactory receptors will detect the smell. This information,
acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell, see figure, sets off a chemical reaction that creates an
electrical impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and then along the axon to its end.

(a) Name the largest cell present in the body.

(b) What is an axon ?
(c) Name one gustatory receptor and one olfactory receptor present in a human beings.
OR
Name the following parts of a neuron:
a. Where information is acquired.
b. Through which information travels as an electrical impulse.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A student fixes a sheet of white paper on a drawing board using some adhesive materials. She places a bar
magnet in the centre of it and sprinkles some iron filings uniformly around the bar magnet using a salt sprinkler.
On tapping the board gently , she observes that the iron filings have arranged themselves in a particular pattern.
(a) What makes iron filings arrange in a definite pattern?
(b) Draw a diagram to show this pattern of iron filings.
(c) How is the direction of magnetic field at a point determined using the field lines? Why do two magnetic
field lines not cross each other?
OR
How are the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet drawn using a small compass needle? Draw one
magnetic field line each on both sides of the magnet.

Page 7 of 16
 Solution
Section A
1.
(b) a greyish black coating is formed
Explanation: The colour of the coating is grayish black. When Zinc Reacts with ferrous sulphate zinc displaces iron forming
zinc sulphate and iron metal is precipitated and settles on the surface of zinc granules. This is because zinc is more
electropositive than iron so it can displace iron from its solution. Also, the solution turns colourless from light green.
F eSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) → ZnSO4 (aq) + F e (s)
Black

2.
(c) Lead acetate
Explanation: To get lead iodide we need a compound containing lead. Hence, Ammonium nitrate and Potassium sulphate are
ruled out. Lead sulphate is insoluble hence it cannot be used. So the answer is Lead acetate can be used in place of Lead
Nitrate.
3.
(d) A has pH greater than 7 and B has pH less than 7.
Explanation: A has pH greater than 7 and B has pH less than 7.
4.
(d) Addition reaction
Explanation: The given reaction is an example of the addition reaction. In this reaction, a bromine atom adds to each carbon
atom of ethene. The double bond in ethene is broken and the hydrocarbon becomes saturated.
5.
(b) Slag
Explanation: During the smelting of iron, limestone is added as a flux. The temperature inside the blast furnace decomposes
limestone to calcium oxide which removes silicate impurity. Impurities like silicon are passed into the slag. The metal is
separated from the molten slag.
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3 (Slag)
6.
(c) I and IV only
Explanation: Froth floatation process is used for the concentration of sulphide ores. Oxides of highly reactive metals are
reduced to metals by electrolysis of their molten or fused oxides.
7. (a) (ii) and (iv)
Explanation: (i) and (iv) are unsaturated hydrocarbons (they contain double or triple bonds between two carbon atoms). (i) is
ethyne (an alkyne). (iv) is iso-butene (2-methyl propene)
A and C are saturated hydrocarbons (they contain only single bonds between the carbon atoms).
8.
(b) The uncovered part of the leaf became blue-black.
Explanation: The uncovered part of the leaf became blue-black.
9.
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv) only
Explanation: (i), (iii) and (iv) only
10.
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
Explanation: Asexual reproduction is the mode of reproduction in single-parent produces offsprings.
Amoeba reproduces asexually by binary fission.

Page 8 of 16
 Asexual reproduction occurs in yeast by means of budding and in banana asexual reproduction occurs by the means
of vegetative propagation from the stem.
Dogs reproduced sexually.

11. (a) round and green

Explanation: Since roundness and green colour are shown by capital letters in the genotype so they are dominant traits. We
know that only dominant traits are expressed in F1 generation.

12. (a) Light is necessary for photosynthesis

Explanation: Light is necessary for photosynthesis
13.
(b) An iron piece into it
Explanation: An iron piece into it
14. (a) 2500°C
Explanation: 2500°C
15. (a) Biological magnification
Explanation:
The chemicals used to protect crops from diseases and pests are washed down into the soil or the water bodies. From the soil,
these are absorbed by the plants along with water and minerals. From the water bodies, these are taken up by aquatic plants and
animals. The non-biodegradable chemicals thus enter the food chain. They get accumulated progressively at each trophic level.
As human beings occupy the top level in any food chain, the maximum concentration of these chemicals gets accumulated in
human bodies. This phenomenon is known as biological magnification.
16.
(c) B and C
Explanation:
Organisms in groups B and C do not make up a food chain. A food chain is a series of organisms in order of who eats whom. In
B, grasshopper is out of place. In D, nobody out of wolf, snake or tiger eats grass.

17. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: A chemical reaction becomes faster at higher temperatures because at high temperature, the movement of
particles are greater.
18.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
19.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: The magnitude of magnetic field produced by a current carrying circular coil is maximum at the centre and is not
proportional to the distance of a point from the circular coil.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: There are both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) elements in an ecosystem. This is accurate because
ecosystems consist of both living and non-living elements, including soil, water, air, and other non-living things like animals,
plants, and bacteria. Since living things depend on nonliving resources like water, air, and soil nutrients for survival, both biotic
and abiotic components are crucial to the maintenance of life. On the other hand, abiotic factors like sunshine and climate also
affect how living things are distributed and behave in an ecosystem. The justification, which states that biotic and abiotic
elements function separately in every ecosystem, also bolsters the assertion. This is so that life can continue to exist in an
ecosystem even while living things and non-living resources do not rely on one another.
Section B
21. i. Carbon forms large no. of compounds due to the following reasons:
Catenation: The property of an element to combine with itself to form long chain is called catenation. Atoms of same element
combine through covalent bonds and form long chains and structures. Carbon exhibit this property of catenation. Due to which
we see such a large variety of organic compounds in nature.

Page 9 of 16
 Tetravalency: Carbon has a valency of four. So, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some
other element. Compounds of carbon are formed with oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, chlorine and many other elements,
which may act as functional groups with specific properties which depend on the elements other than the carbon present in the
molecule.
ii. Some compounds are called saturated because they contain single bond only between two carbon atoms but some are
unsaturated because in these hydrocarbons, valence of carbon is satisfied by double or triple bond.
iii. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive because of the presence of double and triple bonds between them, which are
weaker compared to single bond.
22. After fertilization, the zygote starts dividing by repeated mitotic divisions called cleavage. In about 4 to 5 days after fertilization,
zygote becomes a multicellular structure called blastocyst. The blasto cyst gets attached to the lining of uterus is called
implantation.
23. In Humans blood flow in two directions simultaneously in one cardiac cycle. Oxygenated blood comes to the heart from the lungs
and at the same time, de-oxygenated blood goes from Heart towards the lungs. Because of this double movement is blood
circulation in the human heart called double circulation.
OR
Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

It takes place in the presence of oxygen. It takes place in the absence of oxygen.

Carbon-di-oxide and water are the end products. Carbon-di-oxide and Lactic acid/ ethanol are the end products.

More efficient in energy production. Less efficient in energy production.

It takes Place in animals and plants. It takes place in unicellular organisms.

24. The two laws of refraction are:
i. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.
ii. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence (i) to the sine of angle of refraction (r) is a constant for the pair of given media.
This constant is called the refractive index of the second medium with respect to the first medium.
25. CFCs, i.e. chlorofluorocarbons are used in fire extinguishers it is most common ozone depletion substance (ODS) , which create a
hole in ozozne layer thus allowing UV radiations from the Sun to enter into the atmosphere.
OR
The higher energy UV radiations split apart some molecular oxygen into free oxygen atoms. These atoms then combine
with molecular oxygen to form ozone.
UV

O2 −−→ O + O
O2 + O ⟶ O3
It prevents harmful UV radiation to reach the earth.
CFC/chlorofluoro carbon/aerosol.
Skin cancer
26. f = -2.5 m
i. Since the focal length is negative, it is a concave lens and it is used in myopia.
ii. Concave
iii. i. excessive curvature of the cornea.
ii. elongation of the eyeball.
iv. f = -2.5 m
The negative sign of focal length indicates that the lens used is concave hence the boy is suffering from myopia (short-
sightedness).
Power of the lens = 1

f (in m)

= 1

(−2.5)

= -2.5 D
Section C
27. The gas is sulphur-dioxide (SO2)

i. It will not react with dry litmus paper.

ii. The gas will bleach moist litmus paper.

Page 10 of 16
 The balanced chemical equation is
heat

S + O2 ⟶ SO2

28. The inertness or reluctance of the members of the noble gas family is linked with their structure. The first member helium (He)
has two electrons in the only shell which is the K-shell. The atoms of all other members have eight electrons in their outermost
shell, also called valence shell. The electronic configuration of the members of the family are as follows:
Noble gas Atomic Electronic No. of electrons
Symbol
element No. (Z) Configuration in outermost shell
Helium He 2 2 2
Neon Ne 10 2, 8 8
Argon Ar 18 2, 8, 8 8
Krypton Kr 36 2, 8, 18, 8 8
Xenon Xe 54 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 8
Radon Rn 86 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 8
This is the maximum number of electrons which the atoms of these elements can have in their outermost shell. They have,
therefore, no tendency to either lose or gain one or more electrons. In other words, these atoms are fully satisfied. The members of
the family are called inert gases or noble gases.
OR
i) The ore is Cinnabar (Hg2S)
Cinnabar is the ore of mercury (Hg) which has low reactivity and can be reduced to mercury by heating alone. So to obtain
mercury from cinnabar the only step required is heating strongly in the presence of oxygen called "Roasting". In the first step,
cinnabar gets converted to mercuric oxide which on further heating is reduced to mercury.
2HgS (s) +3 O2 (g) +Heat → 2 HgO(s) +2 SO2 (g)
2 HgO +Heat → 2 Hg (l) + O2 (g)
ii) a. This reaction will take place as Zn is more reactive than Cu, so Zn will displace Cu from its salt CuSO4 and will form
colourless ZnSO4 solution and reddish brown particles Cu.
b. This reaction will not occur as Fe is less reactive than Zn, so it will not be able to displace Zn from ZnSO4.
29. Nutrition in Amoeba: Amoeba is omnivorous. i.e. it feeds on smaller animals, plants, micro-organisms and fragments of larger
organisms. Nutrition is holozoic. Ingestion can occur at any place on the surface since a regular mouth is absent. Ingestion occurs
through phagocytosis or engulfing the food particle in an invagination of the body. The engulfed food particle comes to lie inside a
food vacuole. The latter is surrounded by a membrane.
Digestion: The digestion is intracellular and the food vacuoles act as temporary stomach for digestion.
Absorption: It occurs by diffusion and distribution takes place by cyclosis.
Assimilation: Assimilation of digested material occurs in a single cell.
Egestion: The undigested food is eliminated through the surface of the cell, where the food vacuole containing the undigested
food bursts and discharges its contents to the outside.

30. Contrasting trains were used by mendel and were classified as dominant or recessive. Mendel used 7 traits of pea plant for his
experiments. Out of which 3 are.
Character Given Trait Contrasting Trait

(i) Position of flower Terminal Axial (dominant)

(ii) Colour of flower White Violet (dominant)

(iii) Shape of pod Constricted Full (dominant )

31. (i) Focal length = 1/power = 1/5D = 1/5m = 20cm
It is convex lens of focal length 20cm.
So, the Magnified image will be formed in all cases, 20cm is focus, 18 cm is on focal length, 22 cm and 30 cm is between focus

Page 11 of 16
 and focus and center of curvature. In all cases, magnified image is formed.
(ii) In case of 22 cm and 30 cm image formed is real and hence can be obtained on screen.
32. P1 = 1000W

1000
= 1kW
t1 = 5 h
400W
P2= 1000
= 0.4 kW
t2 = 10 h
No. of days n = 30
Energy consumed by heater:
E1 = P1 × t1 × n = 1 kW × 5 h × 30 = 150 kWh
Energy consumed by refrigerator:
E2 = P2 × t2 × n = 0.4 kW × 10 h × 30 = 120 kWh
Total energy = (150 + 120) kWh = 270 kWh
We know that 1kWh = 1unit, so
270 kWh = 270 units
Cost of 1 unit is Rs. 6.00
Total cost = 270 × 6 = Rs. 1620
33. Given :-
Resistor, R₁ = 4 Ω
Resistor, R₂ = 8 Ω
Resistor, R₃ = 8 Ω
Potential Difference, V = 8 volts.
i. The potential difference across 4Ω resistors, V = IR = 1 × 4 = 4V
ii. Power dissipated in 4Ω resistors, P = I2R = (1A)2(4Ω) = 4W
Section D
34. i. Covalent bonds in ammonia (NH3) molecule: The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Its electronic configuration is 2, 5. This
means that nitrogen atom has five valence electrons. In order to have eight electrons in the valence shell, the nitrogen atom
shares three electrons with the electrons of three hydrogen atoms. Thus, nitrogen atom gets linked to three hydrogen atoms by
three covalent bonds. The formation of ammonia molecule may be shown as follows:

ii. Covalent bonds in ethylene (C2H4) molecule: Ethylene molecule has two carbon atoms. Each carbon atom shares two
electrons with the two hydrogen atoms. At the same time, both the carbon atoms mutually share two electrons each. Thus both
the carbon atoms get linked by double bond. Each carbon atom also gets linked to two hydrogen atoms by single bonds. The
formation of ethylene molecule may be shown as follows:

iii. Covalent bonds in carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule: Carbon atom has four electrons. Each oxygen atom has six valence
electrons (2, 6). The carbon atom shares its electrons with the electrons of the two oxygen atoms. As a result, the carbon atoms
gets linked to the oxygen atoms by double bonds. The formation of carbon dioxide molecule may be shown as follows:

OR
The important characteristics of covalent compounds are as follows :
1. Covalent compounds consist of molecules. Covalent compounds do not have any ions. Therefore, they consist of molecules.
For example, H2,Cl2, H2O, NH3 etc.
2. Covalent compounds are liquids or gases in nature. We have studied that the ionic compounds are crystalline solids. But only a
few covalent compounds are solids (e.g. sugar, glucose, iodine). These are mostly liquids (water, ethyl alcohol) or gases (oxygen,
hydrogen, ammonia) at room temperature. Actually, the attractive forces in covalent molecules are weak and these molecules are

Page 12 of 16
 not as close lo one another as the ionic solids.
3. Covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points. As covalent molecules do not have ions, the attractive forces among
them are weak. Therefore, the covalent molecules can be easily separated from each other. In other words, they have low melting
and boiling points.
4. Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity. Covalent compounds normally do not conduct electricity. Some of them are
poor conductors of electricity. The current is carried by the ions. As covalent compounds do not have ions, these are poor
conductors of electricity.
5. Covalent compounds are insoluble in water. Covalent compounds generally do not dissolve in water. They are soluble in
alcohol, ether, benzene etc. which are called organic solvents. However some of them such as ammonia and ethyl alcohol are
water soluble.
35. Budding in yeast: Most of the common yeasts reproduce by budding. The process of budding occurs under normal conditions
when the yeast cells are growing in sugar solution. Saccharomyces usually reproduce by budding.

In the process, each cell gives rise to one of more tiny outgrowths which gradually increase in size as large as the mother cell
itself. Ultimately, it is cut off from the mother cells by a constriction at the base and can lead a separate existence. The nucleus
divides amitotically during budding and one daughter nucleus passes in the bud and the other remains in the mother cell. The
nuclear membrane persists throughout the nuclear division. The budding may be repeated by the daughter cell while still attached
to the parent cell, resulting in the formation of one or more chains and even subchains, called pseudomycelium. The cells
ultimately become separated from one another and lead independent life.
OR
i. Pituitary gland secretes growth hormone that regulates the growth and development of the body.
ii. Thyroxin hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland that is responsible for the carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism in the
body.
iii. A pair of adrenal glands located on kidneys prepares the body to deal with stress, anxiety, and emergency situations.
iv. The pancreas secretes insulin that regulates our blood sugar levels.
v. Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete hormones to regulate many body functions, including growth, development,
reproduction, and metabolism.
36. Object at Infinity. When object is at infinity, a real image is formed at F on the other side of the lens

Object at infinity. Image at F on the other side of lens.

However if the rays are parallel to themselves but not parallel to principal axis, then these rays after refraction will form image at
focus F' and not at principal focus F.

Object at infinity, rays parallel to themselves but not parallel to principal axis. Image is formed at F', the focus on the other side of
lens. Object beyond 2F. When the object is beyond 2F, a real, inverted, diminished image is formed between F and 2F.

Object beyond 2F, real, inverted, diminished image between F and 2F. Object at 2F. When the object is at 2F, a real, inverted

Page 13 of 16
 image of the same size is formed on the other side of the lens at 2F as given in Fig.

Object at 2F, image at 2F on the other side of the lens. Image is of size same as that of the object. When the object is between F
and 2F, its real, inverted, magnified image is formed on the other side of the convex lens as shown in fig.

Object between F and 2F real, inverted, magnified image is formed beyond 2F on the other side of lens.
Object at F. When object is placed principal focus, a real, inverted, very highly magnified image is formed at infinity.

Object at F, a very highly magnified, real, inverted image is formed at infinity.

Object between F and C. When an object is placed between principal focus and optical centre of the lens, virtual, erect, magnified
image is formed on the same side of the lens.

Object between F and C; a virtual, erect, magnified image is formed on the same side.
OR
Object height, h= +2 cm
Image height, h' = - 3 cm (real image hence inverted)
Object distance, u = -16 cm
Image distance, v -?
Focal length, f=?
(i) Position of image
From the expression for magnification
′
h
m= h
v
= u
′

We have, v = −u h

h
−3
Putting values, we get v = −(−16) × 2

v = -24 cm
The image is formed at distance of 24 cm in front of the mirror (negative sign means object and image are on the same side).
(ii) Focal length of mirror
Using mirror formula, Putting values, we get
Using mirror formula,
1 1 1
= +
f u v

Putting values, we get 1

f
=
1

−16
+
1

−24

3+2
=− 48

or f = − 48

= -9.6 cm
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The teacher while conducting practicals in the laboratory divided the students into three groups and gave them various solutions to
find out their pH and classify them into acidic, basic and neutral solutions.

Page 14 of 16
 Group A - Lemon juice, vinegar, colourless aerated drink
Group B - Tomato juice, coffee, ginger juice
Group C - Sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, lime water
(i) i. Groups A and B - less than 7
ii. Group C - greater than 7
(ii) pH paper and universal indicator.
OR
i. Copper vessel is tarnished due to formation of basic copper oxide.
ii. Lemon juice being acidic react with copper oxide and the salt formed is washed away.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In animals, control and coordination are provided by nervous and muscular tissues. Touching a hot object is an urgent and
dangerous situation for us. We need to detect it and respond to it. How do we detect that we are touching a hot object? All
information from our environment is detected by the specialised tips of some nerve cells. These receptors are usually located in
our sense organs, such as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue, and so on. So gustatory receptors will detect taste while olfactory
receptors will detect the smell. This information, acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell, see figure, sets off a
chemical reaction that creates an electrical impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and then along the
axon to its end.

(i) Nerve cell is the largest cell present in the body.

(ii) Axon is a large, single, unbranched nerve fibre arising from the cyton. It carries impulses from cyton located in CNS to
the effectors.
(iii)Gustatory receptor: Taste buds on the tongue. The receptors for gustation are located in the oral cavity, which brings
food and fluids from outside the body into the gastrointestinal tract.
Olfactory receptor: Receptor in the nose. These receptors are common to arthropods, terrestrial vertebrates, fish, and
other animals.
OR
a. Dendrites.
b. Axon.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A student fixes a sheet of white paper on a drawing board using some adhesive materials. She places a bar magnet in the centre of
it and sprinkles some iron filings uniformly around the bar magnet using a salt sprinkler. On tapping the board gently , she
observes that the iron filings have arranged themselves in a particular pattern.
(i) The bar magnet kept at the centre of board has its magnetic field around it. The iron filings sprinkled on the board
experience a force on them due to the magnetic field of bar magnet. So, when the student taps the board the iron filings
align themselves according to the magnetic field lines of the bar magnet.
(ii)

(iii)The direction of a magnetic field at a point is determined by placing a small compass needle. The N - pole of compass
indicates the direction of magnetic field at that point.

Page 15 of 16
Two magnetic field lines do not intersect each other because if there was point of intersection, The compass needle
would point towards 2 directions.
OR

Page 16 of 16
 Class X Session 2024-25
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 6

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answers to these questions should

be in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. What happens in the test tube shown here? [1]

a) H2O will produce b) SO2 will produce

c) No reaction d) FeO will produce

2. Methane gas released from waste water treatment plants can be used as a source of fuel. Which chemical [1]
equation represents combustion of methane to produce heat energy?

a) 2O2 + 2H2O → CO2 + CH4 b) CH4 + CO2 → 2O2 + 2H2O

c) CO2 + 2O2 → CH4 + 2H2O d) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

3. Which of the following gives the correct increasing order of acidic strength? [1]

a) Hydrochloric acid < Water < Acetic acid b) Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid

c) Water < Hydrochloric acid < Acetic acid d) Acetic acid < Water < Hydrochloric acid
4. An organic compound X has the molecular formula C2H6O. Upon reaction with alkaline KMnO4 it gets oxidised [1]
to compound Y. Which of the following reagents can be used to distinguish between compounds X and Y?

Page 1 of 17
 a) All of these b) Sodium hydroxide

c) Sodium metal d) Sodium carbonate

5. The property of metal by which it can be drawn into wires is called: [1]

a) Ductility b) Malleability

c) Conductivity d) Sonorous
6. Select the incorrect match. [1]

a) A metal used in joining electric wires - b) A metal extracted by using electrolytic

Magnesium reduction - Aluminium

c) A metal whose oxide is soluble in both acids d) A metal unreactive towards oxygen and
and bases - Zinc dilute acids - Gold
7. Which of the following represents the incorrect IUPAC name of the given compound? [1]

a) CH3CH2 - COOCH3 : Ethanoic acid b) CH3CH2 - CO - CH3 : Butanone

c) CH3CH2 - CHO : Propanal d) CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - OH : Butanol

8. In the slide of an epidermal peel, the parts which appear pink coloured after staining with safranin are [1]

a) nuclei only b) all parts in the peel

c) cell membrane and cytoplasm d) stomata only

9. The branch of biology-related with heredity and variation is called [1]

a) Livinglogy b) Genetics

c) Evolution d) Taxonomy
10. A student decides to study the impact of removing certain flower parts on fruit formation in plant species X. He [1]
chooses three separate plants that are growing in the same plot under uniform conditions. The data is given in
the table below.

Plant Part removed Impact on formation

1 Anther 30% less fruit formed than average plan in the plot

2 Stigma No fruit formed

3 Petal No significant impact

Which of the following cannot be inferred from the above data?

a) Anthers and stigmas are crucial in sexual b) Species X relies com pletely on cross-
reproduction in species X. pollination.

c) Species X is likely to be wind-pollinated. d) Pollen grains are probably unable to

Page 2 of 17
 germinate if they land on other parts of the
carpel besides the stigma.
11. The two versions of a trait (character) which are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on [1]

a) any chromosome b) two different chromosomes

c) sex chromosomes d) copies of the same chromosome

12. Refer to the given figure and select the incorrect statement regarding it. [1]

a) It is the longest cell in human body. b) It transmits messages in the form of nerve
impulses.

c) It uses both amino acids and fatty acids as a d) It is not repaired, when injured.
respiratory substrate.
13. Which of the following property of a proton can change while it moves freely in a magnetic field? [1]

a) momentum b) speed

c) acceleration d) mass
14. An electric bulb is rated 220 V and 100 W. When it is operated on 110 V, the power consumed will be- [1]

a) 100 W b) 50 W

c) 25 W d) 75 W
15. Which of the following organisms belong to the same trophic level? Plant, snake, insect, frog, hawk, deer [1]

a) Hawk and deer b) Snake and insect

c) Hawk and frog d) Frog and snake

16. Ozone depletion has resulted in: [1]

a) More UV radiations on earth b) Warming of earth

c) Decrease in temperature d) Less UV radiations on earth

17. Assertion (A): Colour of copper sulphate solution changes when an iron nail is kept immersed in it. [1]
Reason (R): The colour of copper sulphate solution changes when iron nail is kept immersed in it due to the
decomposition reaction taking place between iron and copper leading to formation of iron sulphate.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): During fertilization, the only head of the spermatozoa enters the egg. [1]

Page 3 of 17
 Reason (R): If several spermatozoa hit the egg at the same time, all can enter the egg.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): A compass needle is placed near a current-carrying wire. The deflection of the compass needle [1]
decreases when the compass needle is displaced away from the wire.
Reason (R): Strength of a magnetic field decreases as one moves away from a current-carrying conductor.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): Decomposers help in recycling of nutrients between living and non-living components of [1]
ecosystem.
Reason (R): Decomposers help in decomposing dead bodies of organisms and return various nutrient elements
to their source viz soil, water and air.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. What happens when ethanol reacts with [2]
i. sodium
ii. potassium permanganate solution.
22. What is the difference between internal & external fertilization? [2]
23. Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans? [2]
OR
State the function of Bowman's capsule and glomerulus.
24. An object of size 7.0 cm is placed 27 cm in front of concave mirror of focal length 18 cm. At what distance [2]
should the screen be placed so that a sharp focused image can be obtained ? Find the size and nature of the
image.
25. What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem? [2]
OR
Mention the form of energy transfer, if a grasshopper is eaten by a frog.
26. What happens to a beam of white light when it gets refracted through glass prism? Which colour deviates the [2]
most and the least after refraction through a prism? What is likely to happen if a second identical prism is placed
in an inverted position with respect to the first prism. Justify your answer.
Section C
27. The atomic number of an element is 20. Write its electronic configuration. State whether this element is a metal [3]
or a non-metal. What is its valency? Write the name and formula of the compound which this element forms
with chlorine.
28. How is copper obtained from its ore (Cu2S)? Write only the chemical equations. How is copper thus obtained [3]
refined? Name and explain the process alongwith a labelled diagram.

Page 4 of 17
 OR
i. How do you classify elements into metals and non-metals on the basis of their electronic configuration? Choose
metal and non-metal out of the following:
23 19 24 31 35
A, B, C, D, E
11 9 12 15 17

ii. What type of bond will be formed if

a. 'A' combines with 'B'?
b. 'A' combines with 'E'?
c. 'C' combines with 'E'?
d. 'D' combines with 'E'?
29. Describe internal structure of a human heart. [3]
30. Give the respective scientific terms used for studying [3]
i. The mechanism by which variations are created and inherited.
ii. the development of new types of organisms from the existing ones.

31. i. Name the spherical mirror used as: [3]

a. shaving mirror
b. Rear view mirror in vehicles
c. Reflection in search-light.
ii. Write any three difference between a real and a virtual image.

32. i. In the following figure, three cylindrical conductors A, B and C are shown along with their lengths and areas [3]
of cross-section. If these three conductors are made of the same material and RA, RB and RC be their
RA RA
respective resistances, then find (a) RB
, and (b) RC
.

ii. If the conductor A is made of copper and the conductor C is made of constantan (alloy of copper and nickel),
then which one of the two will have more electrical resistance and why?

33. a. What is the meaning of electric power of an electrical device? Write its SI unit. [3]
b. An electric kettle of 2 kW is used for 2h. Calculate the energy consumed in (i) kilowatt hour and (ii) joules.
Section D
34. A compound C (molecular formula, C2H4O2) reacts with Na - metal to form a compound R and evolves a gas [5]

that burns with a pop sound. Compound C on treatment with an alcohol A in presence of an acid forms a sweet-
smelling compound S (molecular formula, C3H6O2). On the addition of NaOH to C, it also gives R and water. S

on treatment with NaOH solution gives back R and A.

Identify C, R, A, S, and write down the reactions involved.
OR
An organic compound A is widely used as a preservative in pickles and has a molecular formula C2H4O2. This
compound reacts with ethanol to form a sweet smelling compound B.
i. Identify the compound A.
ii. Write the chemical equation for its reaction with ethanol to form compound B.
iii. How can we get compound A form B?
iv. Name the process and write corresponding chemical equation.

Page 5 of 17
 v. Which gas is produced when compound A reacts with washing soda? Write the chemical equation.

35. a. What is reproduction? List its two types. [5]

b. How are the modes of reproduction different in unicellular and multicellular organisms?
OR
Following are the two examples of plant movement. One is drooping of leaves in touch-me-not plant and second is
attaching of pea plant to a support with the help of tendrils.
i. What is the stimulus which is common for movement in both the cases?
ii. What is the difference in movement in both the plants? Explain.
iii. Give appropriate scientific terms for the movements described in both cases.
36. Form the image in case an object is moved from infinity to the concave mirror. [5]
OR
Draw a ray diagram in each of the following cases to show the formation of image, when the object is placed:
i. between optical center and principal focus of a convex lens.
ii. anywhere in front of a concave lens.
iii. at 2F of a convex lens.
State the signs and values of magnifications in the above mentioned cases (i) and (ii).
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Salt of a strong acid and strong base is neutral with a pH value of 7. NaCl common salt is formed by a
combination of hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide solution. This is the salt that is used in food. Some salt is
called rock salt, bed of rock salt was formed when seas of bygone ages dried up. The common salt thus obtained
is an important raw material for various materials of daily use, such as sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing
soda, and bleaching powder.
(a) If given acids are phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid, then which acid
does not form an acidic salt?
(b) What is the formula of baking soda?
OR
Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine to obtain bleaching powder.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Fill a conical flask with water. Cover the neck of the flask with a wire mesh. keep two or three freshly
germinated bean seeds on the wire mesh. Take a cardboard box which is open from one side. Keep the flask a
wire mesh. Kin the box in such a manner that the open side of the box faces light coming from a window as
shown in the given figure. After two or three days, you will notice that the shoots bend towards light and roots
away from light. Now turn the flask so that the shoots are away from light and the roots towards the light. Leave
it undisturbed in this condition for a few days. Plants show tropism in response to other stimuli as well. The
roots of a plant always grow downwards while the shoots usually grow upwards and away from the earth. This
upward and downward growth of shoots and roots, respectively, in response to the pull of earth or gravity, is

Page 6 of 17
 obviously, geotropism.

(a) What has represented by the given activities?

(b) Do old parts of the shoot and root change direction? Is there any difference in the direction of the new
growth?
(c) What can we conclude from this activity?
OR
What is geotropism?
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
An insulated copper wire wound on a cylindrical cardboard tube such that its length is greater than its diameter
is called a solenoid. When an electric current is passed through the solenoid, it produces a magnetic field around
it. The magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid is similar to the magnetic field produced by a bar
magnet. The field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of parallel straight lines. The strong magnetic field
produced inside a current-carrying solenoid can be used to magnetize a piece of a magnetic material like soft
iron when placed inside the solenoid. The strength of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid
is directly proportional to the number of turns and strength of the current in the solenoid.

(a) What would be the strength of the magnetic field inside a long current-carrying straight solenoid?
(b) Which end is north and which end is south pole when current flows through a solenoid?
(c) A long solenoid carrying a current produces a magnetic field B along its axis. If the current is double and
the number of turns per cm is halved, then what will be the new value of the magnetic field?
OR
A soft iron bar is enclosed by a coil of insulated copper wire as shown in the figure. When the plug of the
key is closed, then where would the face B of the iron bar be marked?

Page 7 of 17
 Solution
Section A
1.
(c) No reaction
Explanation: No reaction takes place because Fe is less reactive than Zn
Fe + ZnSO4 → No reaction

2.
(d) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
Explanation: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

3.
(b) Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid
Explanation: Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid
Distilled water is neutral. Acetic acid is an organic acid so it is less acidic than hydrochloric acid which is an inorganic acid.
4.
(d) Sodium carbonate
Explanation: Compound X is ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and compound Vis ethanoic acid (CH3COOH). Alcohols and acids can be
distinguished by sodium carbonate as alcohols do not react with sodium carbonate while acids react with sodium carbonate to
give a brisk effervescence of CO2.
2CH3 COOH + Na 2 CO3 → 2CH3 COONa + CO2 + H2 O

CH3CH2OH + Na2CO3 → No reaction

5. (a) Ductility
Explanation: Ductility
6. (a) A metal used in joining electric wires - Magnesium
Explanation: Copper metal is used in joining electric wires due to its high electrical conductivity, enough tensile strength and
ductility.
7. (a) CH3CH2 - COOCH3 : Ethanoic acid

Explanation:

8.
(b) all parts in the peel
Explanation: Safranin stains epidermal cells of the onion peel.
9.
(b) Genetics
Explanation: Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. It is generally considered a
field of biology, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information
systems.
10.
(b) Species X relies com pletely on cross-pollination.
Explanation: The removal of anthers affect fruit formation in plant 1, this implies that species X relies partially on self-
pollination. The removal of either anthers or stigmas affects rate of fruit formation significantly. No fruits are observed when
the stigmas in plant 2 are removed. This shows that pollen grains are probably unable to germinate if they land on any other
part of the carpel besides the stigma. The petals do not seem to play a significant role in facilitating fruit formation. Species X
is therefore likely to be wind-pollinated.

Page 8 of 17
11.
(d) copies of the same chromosome
Explanation: The two versions of a trait that are brought in by the male and female gametes are situated on copies of the same
chromosome. Each parent contributes one copy of the gene for a particular trait.
12.
(c) It uses both amino acids and fatty acids as a respiratory substrate.
Explanation: The given figure is of a neuron. Neurons use only glucose as a respiratory substrate.
13. (a) momentum
Explanation: We know when a proton moves in a magnetic field its velocity changes. Momentum is the product of mass and
velocity, therefore momentum also changes. Velocity and momentum are the properties which change when a proton moves
freely in a magnetic field.
14.
(c) 25 W
2 2
V 220
Explanation: Resistance of the electric bulb is R = P
or R = 100

2 2
110 × (100)
When it is operated at 110 V, the power consumed will be P =
V

R
or P =
2
or P =
100

4
or P = 25W
( 220 )

15.
(d) Frog and snake
Explanation: Frog and snake - both secondary consumers - belong to the same trophic level. Plant is a producer and belongs to
the first trophic level. Deer is a herbivore (a primary consumer) and belongs to the second trophic level, Hawk belongs to the
last trophic level.
16. (a) More UV radiations on earth
Explanation: The ozone layer shields the surface of the earth from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. Ozone depletion
has resulted in more UV radiations on earth.
17.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: The colour of copper sulphate solution changes when iron nail is kept immersed in it due to the displacement
reaction taking place between iron and copper leading to formation of iron sulphate. Thus assertion is true, but reason is false.
18.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
21. i. With sodium metal, sodium ethoxide is formed.
2CH3CH2OH + 2Na ⟶ 2CH3CH2ONa + H2
ii. With alkaline potassium permanganate, ethanol is oxidised to ethanoic acid.
KM nO
4

dil.H2 S O4

CH3CH2OH + 2[O] −−−−−→ CH3COOH + H2O

22. The internal fertilization process occurs within the body of female whereas, in external fertilization, fusion of sperm and
egg occurs externally of the female body.
After the internal fertilization, egg will come out of the body having a thick shell whereas, in external fertilization, eggs
are produced with thin tertiary membrane or without membrane .
External fertilization needs water, whereas internal fertilization does not need water to fertilize.
Organisms involved in external fertilization have mobile male gametes with flagella, whereas organisms involved in
internal fertilization has immobile male gametes.
In internal fertilization, wastage of gametes is lower, whereas wastage of gametes is higher in external fertilization.

Page 9 of 17
 Organisms that involved in internal fertilization produce lower number of gametes, whereas organisms involved in
external fertilization produce a large number of gametes.
Survival of organisms that involved in internal fertilization is higher than the survival of organisms involved in external
fertilization.
23. In multi-cellular organisms like humans, various body parts have specialized in the functions they perform. All the cells with in
different parts of human body need oxygen but all are not exposed to surrounding environment for intake of oxygen through
diffusion. Therefore, process of diffusion is insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multi-cellular organisms like human.
OR
Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus have semipermeable walls. The glomerulus, is a tuft of capillaries contained in Bowman’s
capsule. The water and dissolved substances (wastes and useful) are filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and from here they are
sent into the tubule. Thus, both the structures act as filtering apparatus.
24. h1 = 7 cm, u = - 27 cm, v = ?, f = - 18 cm. (concave mirror)
1 1 1 1 1 1
= + , we have = −
f v u v u
f

1 1 1 1 1 −3 + 2 1
or = − = − + = = −
v 18 27 54 54
(−18) (−27)

v h2 (−54) h2
m = − = or =
u h1 (−27) 7

Now
h2
−2 = or h2 = −14cm
7

Negative sign of h2 indicates that image is on the same side as that of the object. It is real, inverted and 14 cm in size.
25. Decomposers include micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi that obtain nutrients by breaking down the remains of dead
plants and animals. They help in the breakdown of organic matter or biomass from the body of dead plants and animals into
simple inorganic raw materials, such as CO2, H2O, and some nutrients.
OR
In a food chain, if a grasshopper is eaten by a frog, then the energy transfer will be between primary consumer and secondary
consumer.
Grasshopper feeds on producers, i.e. the grass and plants which starts the food chain. So, it occupies the level of primary
consumer and stores energy in the form of biomass which is taken up by frog by eating grasshopper thus frog becomes the
secondary consumer.
26. When white light is refracted through a glass prism, it gets split into its constituting colours at different angles. This phenomenon
is called Dispersion of Light. Forming a rainbow,

Least deviated colour is red whereas most deviated colour is violet. When second identical prism is placed in an inverted position
with respect to first prism, recombination of the spectrum will take place and white light will be obtained.
Section C
27. The element with an atomic number of 20 is calcium (Ca).
The electronic configuration of calcium is: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2.
Calcium is a metal because it is located in Group 2 (or Group IIA) of the periodic table, which consists of metals known as
alkaline earth metals.
The valency of calcium is +2.
The compound that calcium forms with chlorine is calcium chloride. The chemical formula for calcium chloride is CaCl2.
28. Copper is obtained from its ore Copper glance (Cu2S) in two steps:
Heat

2Cu2S (s) + 3O2 (g) −−−→ 2Cu2O (s) + 2SO2 (g)

Heat

2Cu2O(s) + Cu2S(s) −−−→ 6Cu (s) + SO2(g)

The Copper thus obtained is refined by the process called "Electrolytic Refining". In this, the impure copper is made anode by

Page 10 of 17
connecting to the positive terminal of the battery and a thin plate of pure copper is made cathode by connecting to the negative
terminal of the battery. The copper sulphate(acidified) solution is taken in the tank which acts as an electrolyte. When an electric
current is passed through the solution, the pure copper from the anode passes into the solution and an equivalent amount of Cu+
ions from the solution are deposited on the cathode as pure copper. Impure copper usually contains the impurities (Fe, Ag, Au)
which collects below the anode as "Anode mud".
At cathode : Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s)
At anode : Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq)+ 2e-
The diagram shown below is of electrolytic refining of copper

OR
i. Elements which contain 1 to 3 electrons in their outermost shell are metals. Elements containing 4 to 7 electrons in their
valence shell are non-metals.
Electronic configurations:
23
N a(Z = 11 ) = 2, 8, 1
11

19
B(Z = 9) = 2, 7
9

24
C (Z = 12) = 2, 8, 2
12

31
D(Z = 15) = 2, 8, 5
15

35
E(Z = 17) = 2, 8, 7
17

Hence A and C are metals whereas, B, D and E are non-metals.

ii. Type of bonds
a. 'A' is metal and 'B' is non-metal, so the bond formed will be ionic.
A =2, 8,1 B = 2, 7

b. 'A' is metal and 'E is non-metal, so the bond formed is ionic.

A = 2, 8, 1 B = 2, 7

c. 'C' is metal and 'E' is non-metal, so the bond formed is ionic.​​

​​C = 2, 8, 2 E = 2, 8, 7​​

d. 'D' is a non-metal and 'E' is also a non-metal, so the bond formed will be covalent.​​

Page 11 of 17
29. The heart lies in the thoracic cavity between the lungs. The heart is also protected within the thorax by the double-layered
pericardium, which is fluid filled to prevent friction inside the chest cavity.
The human heart consists of 4 chambers- 2 upper chambers called atria and 2 lower chambers called ventricles.
The two auricles or atria are thin-walled and are separated from each other by a thin inter-atrial septum.
The right atrium receives venous blood (deoxygenated blood having very little O2) from the entire body through a superior and
inferior vena cava. The left smaller atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through pulmonary veins.
The two auricles (atria) are separated from the ventricles by the auriculo-ventricular septum guarded by membranous valves. The
valve separating right atrium from right ventricle is called right atrio-ventricular valve or tricuspid valve made up of three flaps.
The valve separating left atrium from left ventricle is called left atrio-ventricular valve or mitral valve, formed of two flaps. These
valves are attached with fine cords with the papillary muscles of the ventricular wall. These valves only allow blood flow from
auricles into ventricles and not in opposite direction.

Both the ventricles are separated from each other by a thick inter-ventricular septum. The wall of left ventricle is much thicker
than that of right ventricle. The left ventricle pushes blood into aorta which supplies blood to entire body. The opening of aorta is
also guarded by a valve formed of 3 semilunar flaps. The right ventricle pumps venous blood into lungs by a pulmonary aorta. Its
opening is also guarded by a valve, having 3 semilunar flaps. These valves allow the flow of blood from ventricles into the aorta
and not back. Heart is formed of cardiac muscle fibres, which rhythmically contract the heart without feeling fatigue.
30. i. Genetics is the study of mechanism by which variations are created and inherited. These variations are far more in sexual
reproduction due to crossing over in meiosis and also new diploid recombination.
ii. Evolution is used for studying the development of new species of organisms from the existing ones through accumalation of
variation.
31. i. a) Shaving mirror- Concave mirror
b) Rear view mirror - Convex mirror
c) Reflection in search-lights - Concave mirror.
ii. The three differences are:
a) Real image can be obtained on screen but a virtual image cannot be obtained.
b) Reflected/Refracted rays actually meet where the real image is formed while for virtual they only appear to meet.
c) A Real image is always inverted while the virtual image is always erect.
32. i. Since, all three conductor are made up of same material therefore their resistivity will be same
ρL
RA = A

L
ρ( )

RB =
2

2
L
ρ( )

RC = A
2

ρL

RA
a.
A
=
RB L
ρ( )
2

2A

ρL(2A)
=
ρL(A)

4
=
1
R
A
= 4
RB

Page 12 of 17
 ρL

Rn
b. Rc
=
A

L
ρ( )
2

ρL×2×A

A×ρL×2

RA

R
=1
C

ii. Conductor 'C' has more electrical resistance as its resistivity is more than conductor 'A'.
33. a. Electric power of an electrical device is defined as its rate of consumption of electrical energy.
i.e., P = E

The SI unit of electrical power is watt (W)

b. We know,
energy
work = time

⇒ energy = work × time

⇒ energy = 2 kW× 2h = 4 kWh

Now,
1 kWh = 3600000 joules
⇒ 4 kWh = 11,400,000 joules

∴ Energy consumed = 4 kWh or 11,400,000 joules.

Section D
34. Compound 'C' is ethanoic acid. It reacts with sodium to form sodium ethanoate. Therefore, compound 'R' is sodium ethanoate or
sodium acetate. We know that hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound. This reaction can be represented as-
2CH3COOH + 2Na ⟶ 2CH3COONa + H2
When ethanoic acid reacts with methanol in the presence of an acid, we get (methyl ethanoate) ester which is a sweet-smelling
substance. Hence, compound S is methyl ethanoate and A is methanol. This reaction can be represented as-
Acid

CH3COOH + CH3OH −−→ CH3COOH - CH3

When sodium hydroxide is added to ethanoic acid, it gives sodium ethanoate and water as given below-
CH3COOH + NaOH ⟶ CH3COONa + H2O
When methyl ethanoate is treated with NaOH solution, it gives back methanol and sodium ethanoate as shown below-
CH3COO - CH3 + NaOH ⟶ CH3OH + CH3COONa
OR
i. A is ethanoic acid (CH3COOH). Commonly, known as acetic acid. Its 5 % solution in water is used to prepare vinegar, which
is used as preservatives for pickles.
Conc. H2 S O4

ii. C H 3 C OOH +C 2 H5 OH −−−−−−−−→C H3 C OO C2 H5 + H2 O

(A) Ethanol (B)

iii. Compound A (ethanoic acid) can be obtained from compound B (ethyl ethanoate) by the action of a base.
iv. Saponification.
N aOH

C H3 C OO C2 H5 −−−−→ C2 H5 OH + CH 3 C OON a
Ethanol

v. CO2 gas is produced. This reaction is same as reaction of acid with metal carbonate.
C H3 C OOH + N a2 C O3 → 2C H3 C OON a + H2 O + C O2 ↑
W ashing soda

35. a. Reproduction- It is a biological process by which new individual organisms (offspring)are produced from their parents.
Types of reproduction:-
(i) Asexual reproduction
(ii) Sexual reproduction

b. Unicellular Organisms Multicellular Organisms

Only one parent is required for reproduction. Two parents are required for reproduction.

It is a fast process of reproduction. Slower than unicellular organisms.

No specialized cells are required for reproduction. Specialized cells are required for reproduction.

OR

Page 13 of 17
 i. Touch is the stimulus which is common for movement in both the cases.
ii. Drooping of leaves in touch-me-not plant is an example of growth-independent movement which occurs due to change in
turgour pressure of the cells. But attaching of pea plant to a support with help of tendrils is a growth dependent movement.
The pea plants develop tendrils which are sensitive to touch. When they come in contact with a support they encircle the
support and clings to them. Auxin hormone plays an important role. Auxin synthesized at the tip diffuses to parts away from
the support, so those parts away from support grow faster than those parts in contact. So the tendrils encircle the support.
iii. Drooping of leaves in touch-me-not plant is an example of seismonastic movement whereas attaching of pea plant to a support
with the help of tendrils is an example of curvature movement.
36. Images formed by concave mirror.
i. Object at Infinity. Two cases arise :
a. When mirror is in parallel plane to the object. In such a case, rays from infinity come parallel to principal axis. After
reflection they pass through principal focus F (Rule 1). Image is extremely small, it is real, inverted and at principal focus.

Object at infinity, real extremely diminished image is formed at principal focus.

b. When mirror is inclined so that the rays strike the mirror obliquely. The ray AB passing through F after reflection goes
parallel to principal axis towards BA' (Rule 2). Another ray DE through C striking the mirror at E is reflected back. The
two form an image at A' Image is real, inverted, extremely diminished and at F.

Object at infinity, image at F. It is real, inverted, very much diminished.

c. Object beyond C. A ray AD from A parallel to principal axis after reflection passes through F (Rule 1), Another ray from
A through C, ray AG is reflected back along the same path (Rule 3), forming real, diminished, inverted image of AB is
formed at A'B', between F and C.

Object beyond C, a real, inverted diminished image between F and C, inverted at C and is of same size as that of object.
d. Object at C i.e. at 2f. A ray AD from A parallel to principal axis after reflection from mirror passes through F (Rule 1).
Another ray AD' from A through F, goes parallel to principal axis i.e. towards D'A' (rule 2) forming real, inverted image of
AB at C i.e. at 2f. The image is of the same size as the object.

Object at C, Image is also at C. It is real.

e. Object between F and C (f and 2f) A ray AD from object going parallel to principal axis is reflected towards F (Rule 1).
Another ray AE through C is reflected back (Rule 3) forming image of A at A'. Similarly image of B is formed at B'.

Page 14 of 17
 Image is real, inverted, enlarged and beyond C (2f) i.e. as shown in fig.

f. Object at F. A ray AD parallel to principal axis passes through F. Another ray AE strikes the mirror normally at E is
reflected back as it passes through C (Rule 3). They form image of object AB at infinity. The image is very much enlarged
and is real and inverted.

Object at E. Real, inverted, extremely enlarged image is formed at infinity.

g. Object between F and P. A ray AD from A goes parallel to principal axis after reflection passes through F (rule 1). Another
ray AE striking the mirror normally through C is reflected back (rule 3). They form virtual image of the object behind the
mirror. The image is erect and enlarged.

Object between F and P. An erect, enlarged, virtual image is formed behind the mirror.
Images Formed by a Concave mirror
Position of Object Position of Image Size of the Image Nature of Image

At infinity At focus F Highly diminished Real and inverted

At C At C Same size Real and inverted

At F At infinity Highly Enlarged Real and inverted

Beyond C Between F and C Diminished Real and inverted

Between F and C Beyond C Enlarged Real and inverted

Between P and F Behind the mirror Enlarged Virtual and erect

OR
i. When an object is placed between the optical center and principal focus of a convex lens then image formed beyond 2F on the
opposite side.

Since the image formed is virtual and erect so sign of magnification will be positive. Moreover, the image formed is magnified
therefore the absolute value of magnification will be greater than one.
ii. When an object is placed anywhere in front of a concave lens.

Page 15 of 17
 Since the image formed is virtual and erect so sign of magnification will be positive. Moreover, the image formed is
diminished therefore the absolute value of magnification will be less than one.
iii. When an object is placed at 2F of a convex lens then the image is formed at 2F opposite side of the mirror.

Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Salt of a strong acid and strong base is neutral with a pH value of 7. NaCl common salt is formed by a combination of
hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide solution. This is the salt that is used in food. Some salt is called rock salt, bed of rock salt
was formed when seas of bygone ages dried up. The common salt thus obtained is an important raw material for various materials
of daily use, such as sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda, and bleaching powder.
(i) Carbonic acid does not form an acidic salt.
(ii) Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula
NaHCO3.
OR
Ca(OH)2 treatment with chlorine to obtain bleaching powder.
Ca(OH)2 ​+ Cl2​ ⟶ CaOCl2​ + H2​O
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Fill a conical flask with water. Cover the neck of the flask with a wire mesh. keep two or three freshly germinated bean seeds on
the wire mesh. Take a cardboard box which is open from one side. Keep the flask a wire mesh. Kin the box in such a manner that
the open side of the box faces light coming from a window as shown in the given figure. After two or three days, you will notice
that the shoots bend towards light and roots away from light. Now turn the flask so that the shoots are away from light and the
roots towards the light. Leave it undisturbed in this condition for a few days. Plants show tropism in response to other stimuli as
well. The roots of a plant always grow downwards while the shoots usually grow upwards and away from the earth. This upward
and downward growth of shoots and roots, respectively, in response to the pull of earth or gravity, is obviously, geotropism.

(i) These activities show tropic movements in plants due to their growth.
(ii) Yes, old parts of the shoot and root change direction and there is a difference in the direction of new growth.
(iii)Movement is related to stimulus i.e. plant organs either move towards the source of stimulus or away from it. Stimuli
that cause movements in plants are gravity, light, touch, water, and chemical substances.
OR
Movements in the organs of a plant due to gravity are known as geotropism. This causes the roots to bend down towards
the soil.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
An insulated copper wire wound on a cylindrical cardboard tube such that its length is greater than its diameter is called a
solenoid. When an electric current is passed through the solenoid, it produces a magnetic field around it. The magnetic field
produced by a current-carrying solenoid is similar to the magnetic field produced by a bar magnet. The field lines inside the
solenoid are in the form of parallel straight lines. The strong magnetic field produced inside a current-carrying solenoid can be
used to magnetize a piece of a magnetic material like soft iron when placed inside the solenoid. The strength of the magnetic field

Page 16 of 17
produced by a current-carrying solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns and strength of the current in the solenoid.

(i) Magnetic field inside the infinite solenoid is uniform. Hence it is the same at all points.
(ii) The end of the current carrying solenoid at which the current flows anti-clockwise behaves as a north pole while that end
at which the direction of current clockwise behaves as a south pole and this is according to clock wise.
(iii)For a long solenoid, magnetic field B ∝ In; where I is the flowing current and n is number of turns per unit length in the
solenoid. Therefore, in the given case magnetic field will remain unchanged.
OR
For a solenoid, if we imagine gripping the solenoid with your right hand so that your curl fingers follow the direction of
the current then your thumb will point towards the north end of the electromagnet.

Page 17 of 17
 Class X Session 2024-25
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 7

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answers to these questions should

be in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. Which type of chemical reaction is shown in the given image? [1]

a) Redox reaction b) Combination reaction

c) Decomposition reaction d) Displacement reaction

2. What happens when silver chloride is put under sunlight? [1]

a) Only silver metal is formed. b) Silver metal and hydrogen gas are formed.

c) Silver metal and chlorine gas are formed. d) Only hydrogen gas is formed.
3. Which of the following is used in the refining of petroleum to remove sulphur and other compounds? [1]

a) HNO3 b) NaOH

c) HCl d) H2SO4

4. Which of the following compounds contain carboxylic group? [1]

a) CH3 - CH2 - CH3 b) CH3CH2COOH

c) CH3COOC2H5 d) CH3CH2OH

Page 1 of 15
 5. The slag obtained during the extraction of copper pyrites is composed mainly of: [1]

a) Cu2S b) SiO2

c) CuSiO3 d) FeSiO3

6. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atom of a non-metal can be: [1]

a) 1, 2 or 3 b) 5, 6 or 8

c) 3, 4 or 5 d) 5, 6 or 7
7. IUPAC names of a few esters are given below: [1]
i. Ethyl propanoate
ii. Propyl methanoate
iii. Methyl butanoate
iv. Ethyl butanoate
The ester(s) which contain(s) ten hydrogen atoms per molecule is/are

a) (i) and (ii) only b) (iv) only

c) (i) and (iii) only d) i only

8. The inner lining of stomach is protected by one of the following from hydrochloric acid. Choose the correct one [1]

a) Salivary amylase b) Pepsin

c) Mucus d) Bile
9. In peas, a pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to short plants in F2 is [1]

a) 3 : 1 b) 1 : 1

c) 1 : 3 d) 2 : 1
10. Offspring formed as a result of sexual reproduction exhibit more variations because [1]

a) genetic material comes from two parents of b) genetic material comes from many parents
different species

c) sexual reproduction is a lengthy process d) genetic material comes from two parents of
the same species
11. For evolution to occur in a population, which of the following must happen? [1]
i. The frequencies of some alleles in an organism's genotypes must change during its lifetime.
ii. The frequencies of each allele in an organism's genotype must remain constant within its lifetime.
iii. The frequencies of some alleles in a population’s gene pool must change over successive generations.
iv. The frequencies of each allele in a population's gene pool must remain constant over successive generations.

a) Statement (iii) is correct. b) Statement (vi) is correct.

c) Statement (ii) is correct. d) Statement (i) is correct.

12. The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for [1]

Page 2 of 15
 a) respiration b) excretion

c) nutrition d) transportation
13. The magnetic field lines due to straight wire carrying a current are [1]

a) Parabolic b) Straight

c) Circular d) Elliptical
14. When more than one resistors are in series, the quantity that remains same in them is [1]

a) Potential difference b) Ammeter

c) Resistance d) Current
15. The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by all the green plants for the process of photosynthesis is about: [1]

a) 10% b) 8%

c) 5% d) 1%
16. In which of the following food chains, does the man get more energy? [1]
Plant → Man
Plant → Goat → Man

a) Plant → Man b) Plant → Goat → Man

c) Different equal energy in both food chain d) Equal energy in both food chain
17. Assertion (A): Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting. [1]
Reason (R): Corrosion of iron occurs in presence of water and air.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): Amoeba always produces two daughter amoebae while Plasmodium divides into many daughter [1]
cells.
Reason (R): Amoeba undergoes binary fission while Plasmodium undergoes multiple fission.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): The magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current-carrying solenoid is [1]
inversely proportional to the current flowing through the solenoid.
Reason (R): The magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a current-carrying solenoid is directly
proportional to the number of turns per unit length of a solenoid.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): Ozone is very important layer of atmosphere. [1]
Reason (R): Ozone protects the living organisms from harmful UV radiation of sun.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the

Page 3 of 15
 explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. Name the group of derivatives of hydrocarbons that have pleasant fruity smell. Explain with the help of chemical [2]
equation how these can be prepared? Name the process involved.
22. List two observations on the basis of which it may be concluded that the given slide shows binary fission in [2]
Amoeba.
23. Why respiration is called catabolic process? [2]
OR
What is lymph?
24. a. Figure shows a concave mirror with its pole at P, focus F and centre of curvature C. Draw a ray diagram to [2]
show the formation of image of an object AB.
b. State three characteristics of the image formed.

25. What is ozone? Show the reactions of formation of ozone from oxygen in the atmosphere? Name the pollutant [2]
and its role in depletion of ozone layer.
OR
i. Construct a terrestrial food chain comprising four trophic levels.
ii. What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one trophic level?
iii. Calculate the amount of energy available to the organisms at the fourth trophic level if the energy available to the
organisms at the second trophic level is 2000 J.
26. Draw a labelled diagram of human eye. What is the significance of the blind spot? [2]
Section C
27. (i) Name a metal for each case: [3]
(a) It does not react with cold as well as hot water but reacts with steam.
(b) It does not react with any physical state of water.
(ii) When calcium metal is added to water the gas evolved does not catch fire but the same gas evolved on
adding sodium metal to water catches fire. Why is it so?
28. i. a. Write two properties of gold which make it the most suitable metal for ornaments. [3]
b. Name two metals which are the best conductors of heat.
c. Name two metals which melt when you keep them on your palm.
ii. Explain the formation of ionic compound CaO with electron-dot structure. Atomic numbers of calcium and
oxygen are 20 and 8 respectively.
OR
i. Predict the reaction, if any, between
a. zinc and silver nitrate solution,
b. magnesium and iron (II) chloride solution,

Page 4 of 15
 c. copper and magnesium sulphate solution.
Write the equations, with its physical form symbols, for the reaction.
ii. A lump of element X can be cut by a knife. During its reaction with water, X floats and melts. What is X?
Explain.

29. i. Why is nutrition necessary for the human body? [3]

ii. What causes the movement of food inside the alimentary canal?
iii. Why is the small intestine in herbivores longer than in carnivores?
iv. What will happen if the mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands?
30. An individual inherits different traits from his parents. On what basis classification of traits as dominant and [3]
recessive is done?
31. What should be the position of an object with respect to focus of a convex lens of focal length 20cm, so that its [3]
real and magnified image is obtained?
32. A heater coil connected to 200 V has a resistance of 80Ω . If the heater is plugged in for the time t such that 1 kg [3]
of water at 20°C attains a temperature of 60°C. Find
i. the power of heater.
ii. the heat absorbed by water and the value of t in seconds.

33. i. Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220V electric supply line are rated 10W. How many lamps [3]
can be connected in parallel with each other across the two wires of 220V line if the maximum allowable
current is 5A?
ii. Calculate the cost of seeing 2 movies on colour T.V. daily for the month of September.
Given wattage of colour T.V. = 60 W, duration of each movie is 2 hours 30 min and 1kWh costs Rs. 4
Section D
34. a. A compound X undergoes addition reaction with H2 to form a compound Y having molecular mass 30 g [5]

mol-1. X decolorises bromine water and burns with a smoky flame. Identify X and Y and write chemical
equations of the reactions involved.
b. Write the structural formulae of (i) Butanone, and (ii) Pentanoic acid.
c. Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent? Give reason to justify your answer.
OR
Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.
35. State the basic requirements for sexual reproduction? Write the importance of such reproduction in nature? [5]
OR
'Nervous and hormonal systems together perform the function of control and coordination in human beings.' Justify
the statement.
36. Define the principal focus of concave mirror. [5]
OR
A thin converging lens form a real magnified image and virtual magnified image of an object in front of it.
i. Write the positions of the objects in each case.
ii. Draw ray diagrams to show the image formation in each case.
iii. How will the following be affected on cutting this lens into two halves along the principal axis?
a. Focal length
b. Intensity of the image formed by half lens.

Page 5 of 15
 Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A scale for measuring hydronium ion in a solution is called the pH scale. The pH of a neutral solution is 7. A
value of less than 7 on the pH scale represents an acidic solution. As the pH value, increases from 7 to 14 it
represents OH- ion concentration in solution i.e a basic solution.

(a) What is the pH range of the Human Body?

(b) The strength of acid and bases depends on which factor?
OR
If the pH of soil X is 7.5 while that of soil Y is 4.5, then which soil should be treated with powdered chalk
to adjust its pH?
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
In animals, control and coordination are provided by nervous and muscular tissues. Touching a hot object is an
urgent and dangerous situation for us. We need to detect it and respond to it. How do we detect that we are
touching a hot object? All information from our environment is detected by the specialised tips of some nerve
cells. These receptors are usually located in our sense organs, such as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue, and so
on. So gustatory receptors will detect taste while olfactory receptors will detect the smell. This information,
acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell, see figure, sets off a chemical reaction that creates an
electrical impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and then along the axon to its end.

(a) Name the largest cell present in the body.

(b) What is an axon ?
(c) Name one gustatory receptor and one olfactory receptor present in a human beings.
OR
Name the following parts of a neuron:
a. Where information is acquired.
b. Through which information travels as an electrical impulse.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Andre Marie Ampere suggested that a magnet must exert an equal and opposite force on a current-carrying
conductor, which was experimentally found to be true. But we know that current is due to charges in motion.
Thus, it is clear that a charge moving in a magnetic field experience a force, except when it is moving in a
direction parallel to it. If the direction of motion is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field, the
magnitude of force experienced depends on the charge, velocity (v), strength of magnetic field (B), and sine of

Page 6 of 15
the angle between v and B. Direction of magnetic force is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule.

(a) If an electron is travelling horizontally towards east. A magnetic field in vertically downward direction
exerts a force on the electron along which direction?
(b) A charged particle is moving with velocity v in a magnetic field of induction B. The force on the particle
will be maximum when
(c) A uniform magnetic field exists in the plane of paper pointing from left to right as shown in figure. In the
field, an electron and a proton move as shown. Where do the electron and the proton experience the force?

OR
An electron beam enters a magnetic field at right angles to it as shown in the figure. What would be the
direction of force acting on the electron beam?

Page 7 of 15
 Solution
Section A
1. (a) Redox reaction
Explanation: The chemical reaction in which the oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously is called a redox reaction.

2.
(c) Silver metal and chlorine gas are formed.
Explanation: Silver metal and chlorine gas are formed.
3.
(d) H2SO4
Explanation: Sulphuric acid is used in refining of petroleum to remove sulphur and other impurities from it.
4.
(b) CH3CH2COOH
Explanation: CH3CH2COOH contains a carboxylic group. CH3CH2OH contains an alcoholic group. CH3COOC2H5 contains
the ester group. CH3 - CH2 - CH3 is an alkane.

5.
(d) FeSiO3
Explanation: The sulphide ore of copper-containing iron is mixed with silica before heating in a reverberatory furnace. Iron
oxide forms a slag of iron silicate (FeSiO3).
The reaction is: FeO + SiO2 → FeSiO3

6.
(d) 5, 6 or 7
Explanation: 5, 6 or 7
7.
(c) (i) and (iii) only
Explanation: Ethyl propanoate : CH3 CH2 COOCH2 CH3
(10 H atoms)

Propyl methanoate : HCOOCH2 CH2 CH3

(8 H atoms)

Methyl butanoate : CH3 CH2 CH2 COOCH3

(10 H atoms)

Ethyl butanoate : CH3 CH2 CH2 COOCH2 CH3

(12 H atoms)

8.
(c) Mucus
Explanation: A layer of mucus along the inner walls of the stomach is vital to protect the cell linings of that organ from the
highly acidic environment within it.
9.
(b) 1 : 1
Explanation: When purebred tall plant with the phenotype (TT) crossed with a short plant with the phenotype (tt), the possible
progeny in F2 generation: TT(1), tt(1), and Tt(2). Thus the ratio of pure tall (TT) to pure short (tt) is 1:1.

10.
(d) genetic material comes from two parents of the same species

Page 8 of 15
 Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves two parents of the same species. Thus, both of them contribute to the
genetic material of the offspring and bring about the variations.
11. (a) Statement (iii) is correct.
Explanation: Evolution may be described as the change in heritable characteristics of a population over successive generation.
So, for evolution to occur, allele frequency must change for whole group of population over successive generation.
12.
(b) excretion
Explanation: Excretion is the process by which metabolic wastes and other non-useful materials are eliminated from an
organism. In Human beings, kidneys are the organs that filter waste products from the blood. Therefore, Kidneys are the part of
the excretory system.
13.
(c) Circular
Explanation: The nature of the magnetic field lines around a straight current-carrying conductor is concentric circles with
centre at the axis of the conductor.
14.
(d) Current
Explanation: Resistors in series have same current.
15.
(d) 1%
Explanation:
The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by all the green plants for the process of photosynthesis is about one percent. The
green plants (producers) use this solar energy for the process of photosynthesis, convert it into food energy and make the
energy available to the rest of the ecosystem.

16. (a) Plant → Man

Explanation: According to an extensive study, 10% can be taken as the average value for the amount of organic matter that is
present at each step and reaches the next level of consumers. Therefore, man gets more energy in the first food chain. In the
first case, man gets around 10% of the energy produced by the plant. In the second case, man gets around 1% of the energy
produced by the plant.
17.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. Corrosion occurs due to the oxidation of iron.
18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
19.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
21. Group of derivatives of hydrocarbons that have pleasent fruity smell are esters. Which is derived by alcohol and carboxylic acid.
An example of esterification reaction is given below where ethyl ethanoate is formed which is an ester of ethanoic acid and
ethanol.
Conc. H2 S O4

C H3 C OOH +C H 2 C H3 OH −−−−−−−−→C H 3 C OOC H2 C H3 + H2O

Ethanoic acid Ethanol Ethyl ethanoate

The process is called esterification.

22. i. Nucleus elongates
ii. Constriction in cytoplasm/c ll membrane
These are the two observations which shows binary fission in Amoeba.

Page 9 of 15
23. Catabolism is the degradative processes of metabolism. It concerned with the breakdown of complex food molecules to simple
ones, with a concomitant release of free energy. Respiration is a catabolic process because it involves the breakdown of complex
organic substances into simpler ones by oxidation.
OR
Lymph is the plasma and formed elements that have leaked out of the capillaries into extracellular environment. It carries food and
wastes to the body cells outside the circulatory system. Lymph is formed from the fluid which leaks from blood capillaries and
goes to the intercellular spaces in the tissues. This fluid is collected through lymph vessels and finally returns to the blood
capillaries. Lymph also plays an important role in the immune system.

24. a.

b. Characteristics of image formed:

i. Real and inverted.
ii. Smaller in size or diminished.
iii. Formed between the focus F and the centre of curvature C of the mirror.
25. Ozone is a triatomic molecule made of three oxygen atoms. It is present as a layer in the stratosphere. It prevents the harmful UV
rays of sun from reaching the surface of earth. Ozone is formed by absorption of UV rays coming from sun. O2 ↔ O + O
O + O2 → O3
UV radiations splits oxygen molecules to oxygen atoms and the oxygen atoms combine with oxygen molecule to form ozone.
CFCs are mainly responsible for ozone layer depletion. CFCs release chlorine atoms which breaks ozone to oxygen. More
amounts of CFCs thus released will cause depletion of ozone layer.
OR
a. Gross ⟶ Rabbit ⟶ Wolf ⟶ Tiger
b. If all organisms of any one trophic level are killed then its previous trophic level organisms will increase in number to such an
extent that their previous trophic level will also become extinct and the next trophic level organisms will also get extinct. For
e.g., if we remove all wolves then rabbits will increase and will eat up all the grass, at the same time tigers will also perish
because of lack of their food.
c. Energy is transferred as per 10% law : Hence, if energy available at second trophic level is 2000 J then third trophic level will
have
× 2000 = 200 J and fourth trophic level will have × 200 = 20 J.
10 10

100 100

26. Labelled diagram of human eye

Blind spot is a spot on the retina present at the point of origin of the optic nerve. Photo receptor cells are absent from this region.
They are insensitive to light as both rods and cones are absent.
An image formed there is not seen by the eye.
Section C
27. (i) (a) Aluminium, (b) Copper
(ii) In both cases, the gas evolved is H . When calcium reacts with water the heat evolved is not sufficient for hydrogen to catch
2

Page 10 of 15
 fire. On the other hand, sodium metal reacts with water violently and in this case a lot of heat is evolved which is sufficient for
hydrogen to catch fire.
28. i. a. Malleability and ductility are the two properties of gold that make it the most suitable metal for ornaments
b. Silver and Copper are the best conductors of heat.
c. Gallium and Cesium are mostly known as metals that dissolve easily when held on a palm. Gallium basically melts when
held on the palm due to the fact that it has a very low melting point.

ii.

OR
i. a. Zinc is more reactive than silver. It will displace silver from silver nitrate solution and will form zinc nitrate in the
solution.
Zn(s) + 2AgNO3 (aq)→ Zn(NO3)2(aq) +2Ag(s)
b. Magnesium is more reactive than iron. It will displace iron from iron (II) chloride solution and will form magnesium
chloride in the solution.
Mg(s) + FeCl2(aq)→ MgCl2(aq) + Fe(s)
c. Copper is less reactive than magnesium. It will not displace magnesium from magnesium sulphate solution and, hence, no
reaction will take place.
Cu(s) + MgSO4(aq)→ No reaction
ii. X is potassium (K). Potassium is a soft metal that's why it can be cut with a knife and it is lighter than water that's why it floats
on the surface of water and the heat produced melts the potassium.
29. i. A healthy diet throughout life promotes healthy pregnancy outcomes, supports normal growth, development, and aging, helps
to maintain healthy body weight, and reduces the risk of chronic disease leading to overall health and well-being of human
beings.
ii. Peristalsis mainly causes the movement of food inside the alimentary canal.
iii. Digestion of cellulose takes a longer time. Hence, herbivores need a longer small intestine to allow the complete digestion of
cellulose. Carnivorous animals cannot digest cellulose, hence they have a shorter intestine.
iv. Mucus is the inner lining of the digestive system which helps in the movement of food through the digestive system.
Moreover, mucus in the stomach protects the inner lining from damage by hydrochloric acid which is secreted by oxyntic cells
of the gastric gland to make the environment acidic for pepsin to function. So, the lack of mucus will damage the inner lining
of the stomach by acid activity. It may result in gastric ulcers.
30. A trait which is able to express itself both in homozygous condition as well as heterozygous conditions is called a dominant trait.
A trait which expresses itself only in homozygous condition is called recessive trait.
31. Given focal length f of lens 20 cm
To obtain real and magnified image, the object should be placed between F1 and 2F1,So the range will be from 20 cm to 40 cm of
convex lens.
32. i. ∴ Power of heater,
2
V 200×200
P = = = 500W
R 80

ii. ∴ Heat absorbed by water, H = mC θ R

∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
= 1 × 4200 × 40 [∵ θR = 60 − 20 = 40 C, C = 4200J/kg C]

= 168000J

= 168kJ

iii. H = P × t

168000 = 500 × t
168000
⇒ t = = 336s
500

33. i. Let current through each bulb be I.

P = VI, 10 = 220 I
1
I = A
22

Let n such bulbs be connected in series.

Page 11 of 15
 Current through n bulbs = 5A
n (current in 1 bult) = 5
1
n = 5
22

n = 110
110 such bulbs can be lighted within allowable limit of 5A.
ii. Wattage of colour T.V. = 60 W
Number of hours for which colour T.V. is on during September = 2 × 2 1

2
× 30 = 150 h
Energy consumed = watt × hour

1000
=
60×150

1000
= 9kWh
Cost of seeing 2 movies per day for 30 days = 9 × 4 = Rs. 36 only
Section D
34. a. X - Ethene /Ethyne / C2H4 / C2H2 /unsaturated hydrocarbon
Y - Ethane / saturated hydrocarbon
and the chemical equation:
Ni

C H2 = C H2 + H2 −→ C H3 − C H3

b. i. C H 3 − C − C H2 – C H3
||

ii. CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH

c. No
Because detergents give foam/lather with hard water
OR
The action of soap is based on the presence of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in a soap molecule. A soap molecule
consists of two parts:

i. A short ionic part comprising the carboxylate salt, -COONa+. This is the polar end. This is water soluble (i.e. hydrophilic or
water-attracting) and, therefore, remains attached to water.
ii. A long hydrocarbon chain which is the non-polar end. This end is hydrophobic (i.e. water-repelling) and is soluble in oil and
grease.

Micelle formation: The soap molecule may be represented as a structure as shown in the figure. When soap is dissolved in
water, it forms a colloidal suspension. In this colloidal suspension, the soap molecules adhere together to form micelles and
remain radially suspended in water with the hydrocarbon end towards the centre and the ionic end directed outward.

The dirt particles always adhere to the oily or greasy layer present on the skin or clothes. When a dirty cloth is dipped into a
soap solution, its non-polar hydrocarbon end of micelles attach to the grease or oil present in dirt and polar end remains in
water layer. The subsequent mechanical action of rubbing (agitation), dislodges the oily layer from the dirty surface shaping it
into small globules. A stable emulsion of oil in water is formed. The emulsified oil or grease globules bearing the dirt can be
washed away with water.
35. The basic requirements for sexual reproduction are the involvement of male and female individuals which will contribute the male
and female gametes respectively. The gametes are haploid that are produced through meiosis which on fertilization produce a

Page 12 of 15
 zygote and the normal diploid number of chromosomes is restored in offsprings.
The importance of sexual reproduction is as follows:
i. It provides variations in species.
ii. Two individuals are required one male and another female.
iii. Specialized organ called sex organ are involved in this type of reproduction.
iv. It promotes diversity of characters in offsprings.
v. It results in recombination of genes thus increase chances of genetic variations.
vi. It plays an important role in origin of new species.
OR
The working together of various organs of human being in a systematic, controlled and efficient way to produce a proper response
to various stimuli is known as coordination.
In human beings, the control and coordination is brought about by both nervous system and endocrine system. Nervous system
consists of receptors that receive the stimulus from surrounding environment and send the message received by them to the spinal
cord and brain in form of electrical impulses through the sensory nerves.
The motor nerves then transmit the response to the effector. The effectors are mainly the muscles and glands of our body. Thus,
endocrine glands secreting hormones are directly or indirectly controlled by the nervous system. For example, when an emergency
stimulus is detected by the nervous system, the stimulus is detected by the nervous system , the stimulus is received and analysed
by central nervous system that send message to effectors to provide proper response. At the same time, the sympathetic nervous
system activates adrenal gland to release adrenaline that prepares body by increasing heart rate, blood pressure,respiration and
dilates pupil etc.
Hence, control and coordination in humans (or animals) depend on two things for transmitting information, i.e. chemical signals
of hormones and nerve impulses.
If they depended only on nerve impulses through nerve cells, only a limited range of tissues would be stimulated. Since, they get
additional chemical signals as well, a large number of tissues are stimulated. This is why animals can show a wide range of
response to stimulus.
36. Light rays that are parallel to the principal axis of a concave mirror converge at a specific point on its principal axis after
reflecting from the mirror. This point is known as the principal focus of the concave mirror.
Principal focus (p.f.) is a point on principal axis of a concave mirror where the rays parallel to principal axis meet after reflection
from the mirror.

Additional reading. For convex mirror, principal focus is a point on principal axis of a convex mirror where rays parallel to
principal axis appear to diverge from after reflection from the mirror.

OR
i. a. Object is placed between F and 2F of thin converging lens .
b. Object is placed between optical centre and F.
ii. The ray diagrams for real magnified and virtual magnified images are as follows:
Part (a)

Page 13 of 15
 Part (b)

iii. a. There will be no change in focal length of converging lens.

b. Intensity will become one-fourth and brightness of lens will be less .
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A scale for measuring hydronium ion in a solution is called the pH scale. The pH of a neutral solution is 7. A value of less than 7
on the pH scale represents an acidic solution. As the pH value, increases from 7 to 14 it represents OH- ion concentration in
solution i.e a basic solution.

(i) The pH range of the Human Body is 7 to 7.8.

(ii) The strength of acids and bases depends on the number of H+ ions produced and the number of OH- ions produced.
OR
Soil Y is acidic. Hence, it should be treated with powdered chalk to reduce its acidity.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
In animals, control and coordination are provided by nervous and muscular tissues. Touching a hot object is an urgent and
dangerous situation for us. We need to detect it and respond to it. How do we detect that we are touching a hot object? All
information from our environment is detected by the specialised tips of some nerve cells. These receptors are usually located in
our sense organs, such as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue, and so on. So gustatory receptors will detect taste while olfactory
receptors will detect the smell. This information, acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell, see figure, sets off a
chemical reaction that creates an electrical impulse. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and then along the
axon to its end.

(i) Nerve cell is the largest cell present in the body.

(ii) Axon is a large, single, unbranched nerve fibre arising from the cyton. It carries impulses from cyton located in CNS to
the effectors.
(iii)Gustatory receptor: Taste buds on the tongue. The receptors for gustation are located in the oral cavity, which brings
food and fluids from outside the body into the gastrointestinal tract.

Page 14 of 15
 Olfactory receptor: Receptor in the nose. These receptors are common to arthropods, terrestrial vertebrates, fish, and
other animals.
OR
a. Dendrites.
b. Axon.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Andre Marie Ampere suggested that a magnet must exert an equal and opposite force on a current-carrying conductor, which was
experimentally found to be true. But we know that current is due to charges in motion. Thus, it is clear that a charge moving in a
magnetic field experience a force, except when it is moving in a direction parallel to it. If the direction of motion is perpendicular
to the direction of magnetic field, the magnitude of force experienced depends on the charge, velocity (v), strength of magnetic
field (B), and sine of the angle between v and B. Direction of magnetic force is given by Fleming’s left-hand rule.

(i) Fleming’s left-hand rule is used to determine the direction of force on electron i.e., in south direction.
(ii) Force = q (V × B) = qVB sin0
Where, 0 is angle between velocity and magnetic field.
So, sin0 is maximum when 0 is 900​
or velocity is perpendicular to magnetic field.
(iii)As the direction of current is taken opposite to the direction of motion of electrons, therefore, current from the motion of
electron and proton is in the same direction, i.e., from bottom to top. Now, according to Fleming’s left-hand rule, the
electron and the proton experience forces both pointing into the plane of paper.
OR
We know that both the directions are perpendicular, thus for force direction = ?
Using Fleming's left-hand rule,
Direction of force is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field and current.
Thus direction of force is opposite to electron motion into the page at 90°

Page 15 of 15
 Class X Session 2024-25
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 8

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answers to these questions should

be in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. Four test tubes containing solutions (I), (II), (III) and (IV) are shown below along with their colours. Zinc [1]
sulphate is contained in

a) II b) IV

c) I d) III
2. Choose a displacement reaction: [1]

a) Burning of metals b) Addition of more active metal to a solution

of a less active metal compound.

c) Extraction of metals d) Electrolysis

3. The compounds used to prepare NaHCO3 are: [1]

a) Na2CO3, CO2, H2O, O2 b) NaCl, NH3, CO2, H2O

c) NaCl, NaOH, CO2, H2O d) NaCl, Ca(OH)2, H2O, CO2

4. The hardness of water is caused by: [1]

Page 1 of 17
 a) All of these b) Mg(HCO3)2

c) CaCl2 d) CaSO4

5. A metal is heated with dil H2SO4. The gas evolved is collected by the method shown in the figure. Answer the [1]

following questions based on it:

The gas _______ than air and it is ________ in water.

a) heavier, insoluble b) lighter, soluble

c) heavier, soluble d) lighter, insoluble

6. Among the following, the metal with lowest density is: [1]

a) Lead b) Magnesium

c) Aluminium d) Lithium
7. The total number of electrons shared in the formation of an ethyne molecule is: [1]

a) 10 b) 4

c) 3 d) 6
8. The process common to aerobic and anaerobic respiration is [1]

a) Glycolysis b) Electron transport chain

c) Kreb's cycle d) Oxidation

9. Father of Human genetics is [1]

a) H.G Khurana b) Sir Archibald Garrod

c) Gregor Mendel d) Charles Darwin

10. In a flower, the parts that produce male and female gametes (germ cells) are [1]

a) stamen and style b) filament and stigma

c) anther and ovary d) stamen and anther

11. Alternative forms of a gene are called [1]

a) Chromosomes b) Multiples

c) Loci d) Alleles
12. Refer to the following figure of phloem tissue. Which of the following statements correctly describes the [1]
relationship between cells Y and Z?

Page 2 of 17
 a) Ycontains ribosomes that synthesise b) Y provides the carbohydrates that are
proteins required by Z. transported by Z.

c) Y transports sucrose, while Z transports d) Y helps to filter the liquid transported in Z

water and minerals. to facilitate translocation.
13. The process of inducing a current in a coil of wire by placing it in a region of changing magnetic field is: [1]

a) Electrical effect b) Magnetic effect of current

c) Electromagnetic induction d) Heating effect of current

14. Match the column I with column II and select the correct option from the codes given. [1]

Column I Column II

(a) Electric current (i) volt

(b) emf (ii) ohm

(c) Resistance (iii) ohm-metre

(d) Resistivity (iv) ampere

a) (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv) b) (a) - (iv), (b) - (ii), (c) - (i), (d) - (iii)

c) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iii) d) (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)
15. A system of inter-dependent food chains represents [1]

a) Ecosystem b) Community

c) Trophic levels d) Food web

16. In the following groups of materials, which group contains only non-biodegradable materials? [1]

a) Polythene, Detergent, PVC b) Wood, Paper, Leather

c) Plastic, Detergent, Grass d) Plastic, Bakelite, Cloth

17. Assertion (A): Sodium metal is stored under Kerosene. [1]
Reason (R): Metallic sodium melts when exposed to air.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): Asexual reproduction is a primitive type of reproduction. [1]
Reason (R): Asexual reproduction involves only mitotic cell division.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the

Page 3 of 17
 explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): Force experienced by moving charge will be maximum if direction of velocity of charge is [1]
perpendicular to applied magnetic field.
Reason (R): Force on moving charge is independent of direction of the applied magnetic field.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): Ecology is study of relationship between living organisms and their environment. [1]
Reason (R): The biotic community and non-living environment of an area function together to form an
ecosystem.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. Classify the following compounds as alkanes, alkenes and alkynes: C2H4, C3H4, C4H8, C5H12, C5H8, C3H8, [2]

C6H6

22. Why cannot fertilisation take place in flowers if pollination does not occur? [2]
23. What happens to glucose which enters the nephron along with the filtrate? [2]
OR
Explain the role of liver in excretion.
24. If the image formed by a lens for all positions of an object placed in front of it is always erect and diminished, [2]
what is the nature of this lens? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer.
25. Complete the below diagram by filling spaces marked as A, B, C and D: [2]

OR
Consider the following food chains-
a. Plants → Mice → Snakes → Hawks
b. Plants → Mice → Hawks
If energy available at the producer level in both the food chains is 100J. In which case will hawks get more energy
and how much & Why?
26. List two main causes of a person developing near sightedness. Show with the help of a ray diagram how this [2]
defect can be corrected.
Section C

Page 4 of 17
27. State three reasons for the following facts: [3]
i. Sulphur is a non-metal.
ii. Magnesium is a metal.
One of the reasons must be supported with a chemical equation.
28. i. Define non-metals. Give five examples of non-metals. [3]
ii. Name a non-metal which conducts electricity.
iii. Name a non-metal having lustre (shining surface).
iv. Name a non-metal which is extremely hard.
v. How do non-metals react with oxygen? Explain with an example. Give equation of the reaction involved.
What is the nature of the product formed? How will you demonstrate it?
OR
i. Write the electron-dot structures for sodium, oxygen and magnesium.
ii. Show the formation of Na2O and MgO by the transfer of electrons.

iii. What are the ions present in these compounds?

29. i. Why is nutrition a necessity for an organism? State three reasons. [3]
ii. What is likely to happen if green plants disappear from Earth?
30. Explain Mendel's observation when he crossed a homozygous tall (TT) plant with homozygous dwarf (tt) plant [3]
followed by self-cross.
31. The refractive indices 1.0003, 1.31 1.5 respectively of Air, Ice and Benzine in which of these does the light [3]
travels fastest?
32. i. A wire of resistance 2 has been connected to a source of 50 V as its two ends. What is the current flowing [3]
through the wire?
ii. An electric refrigerator rated 400 W operates 8 hour/day. What is the cost of the energy to operate it for 30
days at ₹ 3.00 per kWh?
33. A household uses the following electric appliances: [3]
i. The refrigerator of rating 400 W for 10 h each day and Two electric fans of rating 80 W each for 6 h daily.
ii. Six electric tubes of rating 18 W each for 6 h daily.
Calculate the electricity bill for the household for the month of June, if the cost of electrical energy is Rs 3
per unit.
Section D
34. Esters are sweet-smelling substances and are used in making perfumes. Suggest some activity and the reaction [5]
involved for the preparation of an ester with a well-labeled diagram.
OR
Define structural isomer and draw the isomeric structures of butane. Compare the structure of benzene and
cyclohexane by drawing them.
35. With the help of suitable diagrams explain the various steps of budding in Hydra. [5]

Page 5 of 17
 OR
Why do we call pituitary gland as the master gland? Where is it located and what are its functions?
36. i. Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the path of a ray of light incident obliquely on one face of a glass slab. [5]
ii. Calculate the refractive index of the material of a glass slab. Given that the speed of light through the glass
slab is 2 × 108 m/s and in air is 3 × 108 m/s.
iii. Calculate the focal length of a lens, if its power is - 2.5 D.
OR
a. Draw a ray diagram for showing the convergence of a parallel beam of light by a concave mirror and mark the
positions of pole and the centre of curvature in it.
b. An object 4 cm in size is placed at 25 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. At what distance
from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image? Find the nature and size of the image.
c. List any two uses of a concave mirror.
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Salt of a strong acid and strong base is neutral with a pH value of 7. NaCl common salt is formed by a
combination of hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide solution. This is the salt that is used in food. Some salt is
called rock salt, bed of rock salt was formed when seas of bygone ages dried up. The common salt thus obtained
is an important raw material for various materials of daily use, such as sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing
soda, and bleaching powder.
(a) If given acids are phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid, then which acid
does not form an acidic salt?
(b) What is the formula of baking soda?
OR
Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine to obtain bleaching powder.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Following questions are based on the two tables given below. Study these tables related to blood sugar levels:
Table A (Blood glucose chart)

Mean Blood Glucose Level (mg/dL)

Doctor's advice needed 380

350

315

280

250

215

Page 6 of 17
 Good 180

150

Excellent 115

80

50

Table B (Blood Report of Patient X and Y)

Time of check Blood Glucose ranges (mg/dL)

Patient X Patient Y

Before breakfast (Fasting) <100 70-130

Before lunch, supper and snack <110 70-130

Two hours after meals <140 <180

Bedtime <120 90-15

(a) Refer to Table B showing the blood report of the levels of glucose of patients X and Y. Infer the disease
which can be diagnosed from the given data.
(b) Identify the hormone whose level in the blood is responsible for the above disease.
(c) High/low sugar and a low/high-fat diet What would you recommend to the affected patient?
OR
Refer to Table A and suggest the value of the mean blood glucose level beyond which doctor’s advice is
necessary.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
An insulated copper wire wound on a cylindrical cardboard tube such that its length is greater than its diameter
is called a solenoid. When an electric current is passed through the solenoid, it produces a magnetic field around
it. The magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid is similar to the magnetic field produced by a bar
magnet. The field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of parallel straight lines. The strong magnetic field
produced inside a current-carrying solenoid can be used to magnetize a piece of a magnetic material like soft
iron when placed inside the solenoid. The strength of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid
is directly proportional to the number of turns and strength of the current in the solenoid.

(a) What would be the strength of the magnetic field inside a long current-carrying straight solenoid?
(b) Which end is north and which end is south pole when current flows through a solenoid?
(c) A long solenoid carrying a current produces a magnetic field B along its axis. If the current is double and

Page 7 of 17
the number of turns per cm is halved, then what will be the new value of the magnetic field?
OR
A soft iron bar is enclosed by a coil of insulated copper wire as shown in the figure. When the plug of the
key is closed, then where would the face B of the iron bar be marked?

Page 8 of 17
 Solution
Section A
1.
(b) IV
Explanation: ZnSO4 solution is colourless. It is contained in IV.

2.
(b) Addition of more active metal to a solution of a less active metal compound.
Explanation: Reactions in which atoms or ions move from one compound to others to form a new compound are known as
Displacement reactions.
A general displacement reaction can be represented using a chemical equation as follows:
A + BC → AC + B
Displacement reaction takes place only when ‘A’ is more reactive than B. If ‘B’ is more reactive than ‘A’, then ‘A’ will not
displace ‘C’ from ‘BC’ and reaction will not be taken place.
Example: When zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, it gives hydrogen gas and zinc chloride.
3. (a) Na2CO3, CO2, H2O, O2
Explanation: The reaction between sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the presence of water. Here's the
balanced chemical equation for this reaction:
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3

4. (a) All of these

Explanation: The hardness of water is caused by magnesium and calcium salts. Calcium and magnesium dissolved
in water are the two most common minerals that make water hard. Temporary hardness is a type of water hardness caused by
the presence of dissolved bicarbonate minerals (calcium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate).
5.
(d) lighter, insoluble
Explanation:
1. Since the gas is collected over water so it is insoluble.
2. The gas evolved is lighter than air.

6.
(d) Lithium
Explanation: Lithium has lowest density.
7. (a) 10
Explanation: Total number of electrons shared are 10.
8. (a) Glycolysis
Explanation: Aerobic respiration has glycolysis continued with the Krebs cycle. In anaerobic respiration, glycolysis ends with
lactic acid in humans. Fermentation only has glycolysis with the end product being fermented and transform into acetic acid.
9.
(c) Gregor Mendel
Explanation: Gregor John Mendel is considered as the father of genetics as he laid down the principles or laws of inheritance
for the first time. Though his works were based on plants but the laws governing inheritance patterns are also applicable to
humans and hence we call them as “ Mendel's Laws of Inheritance”.

Page 9 of 17
10.
(c) anther and ovary
Explanation:
The anther is part of the stamen (male sex organ) that produce pollen (male gamete).
The ovary is an inferior part of the pistil (female sex organ) which contains ovule. Female gametophyte develops in the
ovule.

11.
(d) Alleles
Explanation: An alternative form of a gene is known as an allele. Alleles vary in their sequence which may or may not result
in a variant phenotype of a particular trait. Alleles represent variations of a gene that is responsible for a particular trait.
12. (a) Ycontains ribosomes that synthesise proteins required by Z.
Explanation: In the given figure of phloem tissue. Cell Y is companion cell while Z is sieve tube. Sieve tube lacks cellular
organelles, e.g., nucleus, ribosomes, etc. Hence, the adjacent companion cells provide proteins, ATP and other molecules to
carry out all the cellular functions in sieve tube cells.
13.
(c) Electromagnetic induction
Explanation: Electromagnetic induction
14.
(c) (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iii)
Explanation: (a) - (iv), (b) - (i), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iii)
15.
(d) Food web
Explanation: Food web
16. (a) Polythene, Detergent, PVC
Explanation: Substances that are not broken down into simpler substances by biological processes are said to be non-
biodegradable. Polythene, detergents, and PVC (Polyvinylchloride) are non-biodegradable substances. Substances that can be
broken down by biological processes are said to be biodegradable. Paper, wood, grass, leather, and cloth are biodegradable.
17.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
19.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: From equation F = qvB sinθ
Force on moving charge will be maximum if the direction of the velocity of charge is perpendicular to direction of magnetic
field (when θ = 90o)
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
21. Alkanes: C5H12, C3H8
Alkenes: C2H4, C4H8
Alkynes: C3H4, C5H8
22. In a flower fertilisation requires both male and female gametes. If pollination does not occur, male gamete is not available hence
fertilisation cannot take place.
23. Glucose along with filtrate runs down through the long renal tubule by the action of cilia. Glucose, amino acids, salts, etc., are
reabsorbed by the tubular cells and then secreted into the capillary blood cells by diffusion.
OR

Page 10 of 17
 In the liver, urea is formed during the ornithine cycle and is sent to the kidneys for elimination through the blood stream. It also
serves to excrete cholesterol, bile pigments, vitamins and drugs. These substances are secreted in the bile and are taken to the
intestine. Then they are eliminated along with faeces.
24. The nature of the lens is concave, i.e., it is a diverging lens.

25. A - Phytoplankton; C - Small fish D - Secondary carnivores; B - Herbivores

OR
Hawk gets more energy in food chain having three trophic levels.
Plants→ Mice→ Hawks
100j 10j 1j
Plants → Mice → Snakes → Hawks
100 J → 10 J → 1 J → 0.1 J
Energy available to hawk is 1J in the food chain with three trophic levels, but it is 0.1 J in the food chain with four trophic levels.
This is due to 10% energy law which states that only 10% energy is available at the next trophic level from the previous level.
26. Two main causes of a person developing near sightedness also known as Myopia are
i. Excessive curvature of eye lens
ii. Elongation of eyeball
Can be corrected by using concave lens which is a divergent.
Section C
27. i. Sulphur is a non-metal because of the following reason:
a. It is a poor conductor of electricity.
b. Sulphur is neither malleable nor ductile.
c. Sulphur forms acidic oxide.
S + O2 ⟶ SO2
SO2 + H2O ⟶ H2SO4

ii. Magnesium is metal because of the following reason.

a. It is a good conductor of electricity.
b. Magnesium is malleable nor ductile.
c. It forms basic oxides
2Mg + O2 ⟶ 2MgO
28. i. Non-metals are the elements that do not conduct heat and electricity and are neither malleable nor ductile. Example: Carbon,
sulphur, phosphorus, silicon, and oxygen.
ii. Carbon is a non-metal which conducts electricity.
iii. Iodine is a non-metal having lustre.
iv. Carbon (Diamond) is a hard non-metal.
v. Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides. Carbon burns in air to form carbon dioxide.
The nature of the product formed is acidic. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid. It turns blue litmus
to red which shows it is acidic in nature.
OR
i.

Atomic Electronic configuration K, L, M, No. of outermost Electron dot

Metal Symbol
number N electrons structures

Sodium Na 11 2,8, 1 1 Na.

Oxygen O 8 2,6 6 :O::

Page 11 of 17
 Magnesium Mg 12 2,8, 2 2 Mg:

ii. Formation of Na2O:

The atomic number of sodium is 11 and it has only one valence electron.
Hence, electronic configuration of N a is 2, 8, 1. 11

The atomic number of oxygen is 8 and it has 6 electrons in its valence shell.
Hence, electronic configuration of O is 2, 6. 8

Sodium has a tendency to lose the valence electron and oxygen has a tendency to gain the electron lost by sodium. Since,
sodium can lose only one electron of the valence shell, and oxygen atom needs two electrons to complete its octet in the
valence electron, two atoms of sodium combine with one atom of oxygen. By losing valence electron, sodium is changed into
Na and by gaining two electrons lost by two sodium atoms, oxygen atom is changed into an oxide anion, O . In this
+
2

process, both the atoms, sodium and oxygen, obtain the stable electronic configuration of the noble gas neon.
+ − 2−
Na → Na + e O
2,8,1 2,8

− 2−
O + 2e → O
2,6 2,8

+ 2 + 2−
2N a + O → 2N a O or N a2 O

The oppositely charged sodium ion, N a O and oxide ion, O are now held together by electrostatic force of attraction or
+ 2− 2−

by ionic or electrovalent bond. N a O is, therefore, an ionic or electrovalent compound.

2

Formation of M gO :
The atomic number of magnesium = 12
Its electronic configuration is K , L, M
2
2, 8,

It has two electronic in its outermost shell. So, the magnesium atom donates its 2 valence electrons and forms a stable
magnesium ion, M g 2+
to attain the electronic arrangement of neon atom.
2+
e−
Mg → Mg + 2
2,8,2 2,8

The atomic number of oxygen = 8

Electronic configuration = K , L
2 6

It has 6 electrons in its valence shell. Therefore, it requires 2 more electrons to attain the stable electronic arrangement of neon
gas. Thus, oxygen accepts 2 electrons donated by magnesium atom and forms a stable oxide ion, O 2−

2−
−
O + 2e → O
2,6 2,8

The oppositely charged magnesium ions, M g 2+

, and oxide ions, are held together by a strong force of electrostatic attraction
to form magnesium oxide compound.
2+ 2−
Mg O or M gO.

MgO is ionic compound.

iii. The ions present in N a O are sodium ions (2N a ) and oxide ion O
2
+ 2−
.
The ions present in M gO are magnesium ion (Mg2+) and oxide ion O 2−
.
29. i. Nutrition is necessary because
a. it helps in the growth of new cells, survival and maintenance of cells.
b. it is needed to develop resistance against diseases.
c. it provides energy by the oxidation of food for metabolic processes.
ii. The disappearance of green plants from Earth would mean a total disaster for the [Link] will cause a decrease in
concentration of oxygen to such a low level that it would not be sufficient for all the living organism for breathing. Green
plants are the source of energy for all organisms. All other organisms directly or indirectly depend on them for food. So, if
they disappear from the Earth, all the herbivores will die due to starvation and so will the carnivore. It would result in the
extinction of life from the Earth.

Page 12 of 17
30. When Mendel crossed a homozygous tall (TT) plant with homozygous dwarf (tt) plant, all plants in F1 generation were tall (Tt).
Self crossing of F1 gives F2. F2 generation had 3 tall : 1 recessive plants.
Since presence of dwarf allele was masked by tall allele in F1, tall allele (T) was dominant over dwarf allele (t).

31. Refractive indices of Air, Ice and Benzene are 1.003, 1.31 and 1.5 respectively. Velocity of light in a medium is inversely
proportional to refractive index of the medium. Light will travel fastest in air (having least refractive index i.e. 1.0003) and
slowest in Benzene (having maximum refractive index i.e. 1.5)
32. i. Zero, current flows due to potential difference and not due to potentials.
ii. The total energy consumed by the refrigerator in 30 days would be
400 w × 8.0 hour/day × 30 days = 96000 Wh
= 96 kWh
Thus the cost of energy to operate the refrigerator for 30 days is
96 kW h × ₹ 3.00 per kWh = ₹ 288.00
33. i. Energy consumed per day by refrigerator
400
= 0.4kW × 10h [∴ power of refrigerator = 400 W 1000
kW = 0.4kW]
= 4 kWh
Energy consumed per day by fans
= 2 × 0.08kW × 6h [∴ power of each fan = 80

1000
= 0.08 kW]
= 0.96 kWh
ii. Energy consumed per day by electric tubes
= 6 × 0.018 kWh × 6h [∴ power of each electric tube = 18

1000
= 0.018kW]
= 0.648 kWh
Total energy consumed per day = 4 + 0.96 + 0.648 = 5.608 kWh
Energy consumed in 30 days = 30 × 5.608 = 168.24 kWh
Cost of 168.24 kWh
Cost of 168.24 units @ ₹ 3.00 = 168.24 × 3 = ₹ 504.72
Section D
34. i. Take 1 mL ethanol and 1 mL glacial acetic acid along with a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid in a test tube.
ii. Warm the contents in a water bath for at least 5 min.
iii. Pour into a beaker containing 20-50 mL of water and smell the resulting mixture.
iv. The sweet smell would be observed.

Page 13 of 17
 The reaction can be given by the following equation:
Acid

CH3 COOH + CH3 CH2 OH −−→ CH3 C OCH 2 CH3

(Ethanoic acid) (Ethanol) ||

(Ester)

OR
Compounds having same molecular formula but different structural formula are called structural isomers.
e.g. butane (C4H10) shows the following two structural isomers. One of which is straight chain n-butane and other is iso-butane.

Structure of benzene and cyclohexane are:

Benzene (C6H6) has six C-atoms and six H-atoms, it contains three double bonds alternately between two Carbon atoms and each
carbon atoms bonds with one hydrogen. Cyclohexane (C6H12) has six C-atoms each possessing two H-atoms, thus, 12 H-atoms in
total. It does not consist of any double bond it is saturated compound.
35. Budding is a form of asexual reproduction and is the process of production of new individual from an outgrowth called bud
formed on the parent body. Regenerative cells present in Hydra are used for budding. Due to repeated mitotic divisions an
outgrowth called bud develops from the parent body which enlarges in size and finally develops into a small hydra. After attaining
suitable maturity the offspring get detached from the parent body and become an independent individuals.
OR
The pituitary gland has three lobes that secretes various hormones. It regulates various functions of the body i.e. growth,
metabolism, sexual development and system of reproduction. It also controls the functioning of the other endocrine glands. Hence,
it is called the master endocrine gland.
Location: Pituitary gland is about the size of a pea and is located in the centre of brain, just below the hypothalamus. It is also
known as hypophysis.
Pituitary gland secretes five important hormones. The important hormones secreted by pituitary gland and their functions are
listed below:
i. Growth hormone regulates the growth and development of bones and muscles.
ii. Tropic hormone regulates the secretion from other endocrine glands.
iii. Prolactin hormone regulates the function of mammary glands in females.
iv. Vasopressin hormone regulates water and electrolyte balance in the body.
v. Oxytocin hormone regulates the ejection of milk during lactation.

Page 14 of 17
36. i. The ray diagram shows the path of a ray of light incident obliquely on one face of a glass slab:

ii. The glass refractive index is defined as the ratio between the speed of light in the vacuum and the speed of light in the glass.
Refractive index of glass (ng) = Speed of light in vacuum/speed of light in the glass.
8
3×10
ng = 8
2×10

ng = 1.5
iii. P = 1

f (inmeter)

f= 1

P
=
1

2.5
=
−25
1

−1000
⇒ f= 25
cm = - 40 cm
The focal length (f) of a concave lens is always negative.
OR

a.

b. Given that f = -15 cm ; u = -25 cm; ho = 4 cm; v = ?

The mirror formula is
1 1 1
= +
f u v

1 1 1
= +
−15 −25 v

1 1 1
= −
v 25 15

1 3−5 −2
= =
v 75 75

⇒ v = -37.5 cm
The screen should be placed 37.5 cm from the people of mirror and the image is real.
magnification
hi −v
m = =
ho u

hi −(−37.5)
=
4 −25
37.5
⇒ hi = −
25
× 4 = -6 cm
So the image is enlarged and inverted.
c. Uses of concave mirror:
It is used as a shaving mirror.
​It is used as reflector in torch, head light of automobiles etc.
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Salt of a strong acid and strong base is neutral with a pH value of 7. NaCl common salt is formed by a combination of
hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide solution. This is the salt that is used in food. Some salt is called rock salt, bed of rock salt
was formed when seas of bygone ages dried up. The common salt thus obtained is an important raw material for various materials
of daily use, such as sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda, and bleaching powder.

Page 15 of 17
 (i) Carbonic acid does not form an acidic salt.
(ii) Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula
NaHCO3.
OR
Ca(OH)2 treatment with chlorine to obtain bleaching powder.
Ca(OH)2 ​+ Cl2​ ⟶ CaOCl2​ + H2​O
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Following questions are based on the two tables given below. Study these tables related to blood sugar levels:
Table A (Blood glucose chart)
Mean Blood Glucose Level (mg/dL)

Doctor's advice needed 380

350

315

280

250

215

Good 180

150

Excellent 115

80

50
Table B (Blood Report of Patient X and Y)
Time of check Blood Glucose ranges (mg/dL)

Patient X Patient Y

Before breakfast (Fasting) <100 70-130

Before lunch, supper and snack <110 70-130

Two hours after meals <140 <180

Bedtime <120 90-15

(i) Diabetes, Diabetes is caused due to less or no secretion of hormone insulin by pancreas.
(ii) Insulin level in the blood is responsible for the given disease.
(iii)Low sugar high fibre diet
OR
> 180mg/dL.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
An insulated copper wire wound on a cylindrical cardboard tube such that its length is greater than its diameter is called a
solenoid. When an electric current is passed through the solenoid, it produces a magnetic field around it. The magnetic field
produced by a current-carrying solenoid is similar to the magnetic field produced by a bar magnet. The field lines inside the
solenoid are in the form of parallel straight lines. The strong magnetic field produced inside a current-carrying solenoid can be
used to magnetize a piece of a magnetic material like soft iron when placed inside the solenoid. The strength of the magnetic field

Page 16 of 17
produced by a current-carrying solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns and strength of the current in the solenoid.

(i) Magnetic field inside the infinite solenoid is uniform. Hence it is the same at all points.
(ii) The end of the current carrying solenoid at which the current flows anti-clockwise behaves as a north pole while that end
at which the direction of current clockwise behaves as a south pole and this is according to clock wise.
(iii)For a long solenoid, magnetic field B ∝ In; where I is the flowing current and n is number of turns per unit length in the
solenoid. Therefore, in the given case magnetic field will remain unchanged.
OR
For a solenoid, if we imagine gripping the solenoid with your right hand so that your curl fingers follow the direction of
the current then your thumb will point towards the north end of the electromagnet.

Page 17 of 17
 Class X Session 2024-25
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 9

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answers to these questions should

be in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. The chips packet is flushed with a gas X to prevent rancidity. Identify X. [1]

a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide

c) Nitrogen d) Water vapour

2. Which metal is displaced when zinc metal is put in the solution of copper sulphate? [1]

a) Zinc b) All of these

c) Copper d) Sulphate
3. An acid can react with [1]

a) PbSO4 b) AgCl

c) Na2SO4 d) Na2CO3

4. While cooking if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that: [1]

Page 1 of 16
 a) The fuel is burning completely. b) The food is not cooked completely.

c) The fuel is not burning completely. d) The fuel is wet.

5. A metal is heated with dil H2SO4. The gas evolved is collected by the method shown in the figure. Answer the [1]

following questions based on it:

Name the gas evolved.

a) H2 gas b) O2 gas

c) CO gas d) CO2 gas

6. A metal X is used in thermite process. When X is burnt in air it gives an amphoteric oxide Y. X and Y are [1]
respectively:

a) Fe and Fe3O4 b) Al and Al3O4

c) Fe and Fe2O3 d) Al and Al2O3

7. When acetic acid reacts with ethyl alcohol, we add conc. H2SO4. It acts as ________ and the process is called [1]
________.

a) Reducing agent, Esterification b) Oxidizing agent, Saponification

c) Acid, Esterification d) Dehydrating agent, Esterification

8. One of the events that does not occur during photosynthesis is: [1]

a) Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy. b) Carbon dioxide is released during the

process.

c) Oxygen is released during the process. d) Carbon dioxide is absorbed during the
process.
9. Two pink colored flowers on crossing resulted in 1 red, 2 pink, and 1 white flower progeny. The nature of the [1]
cross will be

a) self pollination b) double fertilisation

c) no fertilisation d) cross fertilisation

10. Syphilis is caused by [1]

a) Mosquito b) Virus

c) Parasite d) Bacteria
11. Name the chromosomes that possess the gene for maleness and femaleness in humans. [1]

a) Sex chromosomes b) body cell chromosomes

c) Somatic ctromosomes d) Autosomes

12. To prepare a temporary mount of leaf peel, one should take [1]

a) All of these b) freshly plucked leaf

Page 2 of 16
 c) leaf placed in sunlight for 48 hours d) dried and preserved leaf
13. At the time of short circuit, the current in the circuit [1]

a) vary continuously b) reduced considerably

c) does not change d) increases heavily

14. If the potential difference between the end of a wire of fixed resistance is doubled, by how much does the [1]
electric power increase?

a) 4V

R
b) 3V

c) 6V
d) 5V

R R

15. Depletion of ozone is mainly due to [1]

a) Carbon Dioxide b) Methane

c) ChloroFloroCarbons d) Nitrogen
16. Which of the following are environment-friendly practices? [1]

a) Carrying cloth-bag to put purchases in while b) Walking to school instead of getting your
shopping mother to drop you on her scooter

c) Switching off unnecessary lights and fans d) All of these

17. Assertion (A): Copper spoon is used to stir silver nitrate solution. [1]
Reason (R): Copper is less reactive than silver.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversities and plays a role in origin of new species. [1]
Reason (R): Sexual reproduction involves the formation of gametes and fusion of gametes.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): A proton moves horizontally towards a vertical long conductor having an upward electric [1]
current. It will deflect vertically downward.
Reason (R): Seeing the proton and the conductor from the side of the proton, the magnetic field at the site of the
proton will be towards the right. Hence the force F ⃗ = qν ⃗ × B
⃗
will deflect the proton vertically downward.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): The energy which passes to the herbivores does not come back to autotrophs. [1]
Reason (R): The flow of energy in a food chain is unidirectional.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Page 3 of 16
 Section B
21. Draw the electron dot structures for : ethanoic acid [2]
22. The sperms are tiny bodies that consist of mainly genetic material and a long tail [2]
i. Where are the sperms produced and What is the role of the long tail?
ii. How are the sperms delivered from the site of their production?
23. Write the role of CO2 for the process of photosynthesis. [2]

OR
Discuss the major steps involved in process of nutrition in human beings.
24. The diagram given below shows an object O and its image I. [2]

Without actually drawing the ray diagram, state the following:

i. Type of lens (Converging/Diverging)
ii. Name two optical instruments where such an image is obtained.
iii. List three characteristics of the image formed if this lens is replaced by a concave mirror of focal length f and
f
an object is placed at a distance 2
in front of the mirror.
25. What is biological magnification? Will the levels of this magnification be different at different levels of the [2]
ecosystem?
OR
What are the characteristics of energy transfer in biosphere?
26. Is the position of a star as seen by us its true position? Justify your answer. [2]
Section C
27. How can a layer of aluminium oxide on an aluminium object be made thicker? What is this process called? [3]
28. An alkali metal A gives a compound B (molecular mass = 40) on reacting with water. The compound B gives a [3]
soluble compound C on treatment with aluminium oxide. Identify A, B and C and give the reactions involved.
OR
a. Name the following:
i. Metal that can be cut by knife
ii. Lustrous non-metal
iii. Metal that exists in liquid state at room temperature
iv. Most malleable and ductile metal
v. Metal that is best conductor of electricity
vi. Non-metal that can exist in different forms
b. How are alloys better than metals? Give composition of solder and amalgam.
29. Describe the alimentary canal of man. [3]
30. A pea plant with purple flowers were crossed with white flowers producing 40 plants with only purple flowers. [3]
On selfing, these plants produced 470 plants with purple flowers and 162 with white flowers. What genetic
mechanism account for these results.
31. A pencil when dipped in water in a glass tumbler appears to be bent at the interface of air and water. Will the [3]
pencil to be bent to the same extent, if instead of water we use liquids like, kerosene or turpentine? Support your
answer with reasons.

Page 4 of 16
32. a. Two electric lamps rated 100 W,220 V and 60 W,220 V are connected in parallel to electric mains supply. [3]
Calculate the current drawn from the mains if the supply voltage is 220 V?
b. A lamp consumes 50 W and is lighted 2 h daily in month of April. How many units of electric energy is
consumed ?
33. If in figure, R1 = 10Ω , R2 = 40Ω , R3 = 30Ω , R4 = 20Ω , R5 = 60Ω , and a 12 V battery is connected to the [3]

arrangement. Calculate

a. the total resistance in the circuit, and

b. the total current flowing in the circuit.
Section D
34. a. What is a hydrocarbon? Give its one example. [5]
b. Give the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each.
c. Name the following compounds:
i. CH3-OH

ii.

iii. CH 3 − C − CH3
||
O

||

iv. CH 3 − C − OH

OR
i. Draw two structural isomers of butane.
ii. Draw the structures of propanol and propanone.
iii. Name the third homologue of:
a. alcohols
b. aldehydes
iv. Name the following:

a.

b. CH3 - CH2CH = CH2

Page 5 of 16
 v. Show the covalent bond formation in nitrogen molecule.
35. Explain natural vegetative propagation by roots in plants. [5]
OR
Given below is a labelled diagram of the human brain.

Using the given diagram, answer the following questions:

i. Which part of the brain controls reflex movements of the head, neck, and trunk?
ii. Name the part of the human brain which contains a vital centre for controlling blood pressure.
iii. Which part of the hindbrain regulates respiration?
iv. How is the brain protected from injuries and shock?
v. Which part of the human brain is the main thinking region?
36. Rishi went to a palmist to show his palm. The palmist used a special lens for this purpose. [5]
i. State the nature of the lens and the reason for its use.
ii. Where should the palmist place/hold the lens so as to have a real and magnified image of an object?
iii. If the focal length of this lens is 10 cm and the lens is held at a distance of 5 cm from the palm, use lens
formula to find the position and size of the image.
OR
An object of height 4.0 cm is placed at a distance of 30 cm from optical centre O of a concave lens of focal length 20
cm. Draw a ray diagram to find the position and size of the image formed. Mark optical centre O and principal focus
F on the diagram. Also, find the approximate ratio of size of the image to the size of the object.
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
The acidic behaviour of acids is due to the presence of hydrogen (H+) ions in them. They produce hydrogen ions
in the presence of water. Water is a polar solvent and this property of water helps in weakening the bond
between the ions and makes them soluble.
Hence, acids and bases produce ions in aqueous solutions. It may be noted that a dry HCl gas or a solution of
hydrogen chloride in organic, non-polar solvents like toluene or benzene do not show acidic properties. This is
because hydrogen chloride does not undergo ionization in toluene.
The reason why HCl splits into H+ and Cl- ions in presence of water lies in the fact that water molecules, being

polar, pull the H+ and Cl- ions apart and thus, the bond in HCl is broken.

(a) Which acids are present in bee sting?

(b) If the pH of a solution is 8, then find its [H+] ion.

Page 6 of 16
 OR
If you are given water, Hydrochloric acid, and Acetic acid, then mention increasing the order of acid
strength.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Adrenaline is secreted directly into the blood and carried to different parts of the body. The target organs or the
specific tissues on which it acts include the heart. As a result, the heart beats faster, resulting in the supply of
more oxygen to our muscles. The blood to the digestive system and skin is reduced due to contraction of
muscles around small arteries in these organs. This diverts the blood to our skeletal muscles. The breathing rate
also increases because of the contractions of the diaphragm and the rib muscles. All these responses together
enable the animal body to be ready to deal with the situation. Such animal hormones are part of the endocrine
system which constitutes the second way of control and coordination in our body.

(a) How does chemical coordination take place in animals ?

(b) Which hormone is called an emergency hormone?
(c) Where are the adrenal gland present in our body?
OR
How does our body respond when adrenaline is secreted into the blood ?
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A student fixes a sheet of white paper on a drawing board using some adhesive materials. She places a bar
magnet in the centre of it and sprinkles some iron filings uniformly around the bar magnet using a salt-sprinkler.
On tapping the board gently, she observes that the iron filings have arranged themselves in a particular pattern.
(a) Draw a diagram to show this pattern of iron filings.
(b) Draw the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet showing the poles of the bar magnet as well as the direction
of the magnetic field lines.
(c) How is the direction of magnetic field at a point determined using the field lines? Why do two magnetic
field lines not cross each other?
OR
How are the magnetic field lines of a bar magnet drawn using a small compass needle? Draw one
magnetic field line each on both sides of the magnet.

Page 7 of 16
 Solution
Section A
1.
(c) Nitrogen
Explanation: Rancidity can be prevented by packaging fat and oil-containing foods in nitrogen gas as it is unreactive. Hence,
the chips packets are flushed with nitrogen gas to prevent aerial oxidation of fats and oil containing chips.
2.
(c) Copper
Explanation: Copper
3.
(d) Na2CO3
Explanation: Acids react with metal carbonates to evolve CO2 gas.

4.
(c) The fuel is not burning completely.
Explanation: When the fuel does not burn completely, some carbon particles remain un-oxidised and form soot. The soot gets
deposited to the bottom of the vessels and the vessels get blackened on the outside.
5. (a) H2 gas
Explanation: H2 gas is evolved.

6.
(d) Al and Al2O3
Explanation: Al and Al2O3

7.
(d) Dehydrating agent, Esterification
Explanation: The reaction in which a carboxylic acid combines with an alcohol to form an ester is called esterification. When
acetic acid reacts with ethyl alcohol, an ester is formed along with water. Esterification is a reversible reaction. Concentrated
sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent and absorbs water from the product mix so that the reaction proceeds in the forward
direction.
H2 S O4

CH3COOH + C2H5OH ↔ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

8.
(b) Carbon dioxide is released during the process.
Explanation: During this process, the following things take place:
i. Chlorophyll's absorption of light energy.
ii. Splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen and the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.
iii. Carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrates.
photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2 O ⟶ C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

carbon dioxide water glucose oxygen

9. (a) self pollination

Explanation:
i. Incomplete dominance results in F1 generation plants with all pink flowers when plants with pure red and white blooms
cross.
ii. These plants on self-pollination or fertilization produce progenies (F2 generation) with red, pink, and white flowers in 1:2:1
ratio.
iii. This is a monohybrid cross as only one character or trait is involved in crossing.
iv. The relationship between two genetic variants is referred to as dominant.

Page 8 of 16
 v. Each gene has two alleles that an individual inherits from each parent.
vi. One allele of a gene, known as the dominant gene, will be expressed if the alleles are different.
vii. The impact of the other allele, known as the recessive one, is concealed.
10.
(d) Bacteria
Explanation: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.
The signs and symptoms of syphilis vary depending on which of the four stages it presents (primary, secondary, latent, and
tertiary.
11. (a) Sex chromosomes
Explanation: Sex chromosomes possess the gene for maleness and femaleness in humans.
In humans, the sex chromosomes comprise one pair of a total of 23 pairs of chromosomes. The other 22 pairs of chromosomes
are called autosomes.
Individuals having two X chromosomes (XX) are females; individuals having one X chromosome and one Y chromosome
(XY) are males.
12.
(b) freshly plucked leaf
Explanation: A freshly plucked leaf will have living cells and the epidermis will be fully stretched, therefore we can observe
the proper shape of the cells.
13.
(d) increases heavily
Explanation: A short circuit is simply a low resistance connection between the two conductors supplying electrical power to
any circuit. This results in excessive current flow in the power source through the 'short,' and may even cause the power
source to be destroyed.
14. (a) 4V

Explanation: We know that,

V2
P= R

R is constant
V is doubled
2(V 2)
Therefore, P = R

P= 4V

Therefore, when the resistance is doubled, power becomes four times the actual value.
15.
(c) ChloroFloroCarbons
Explanation: When CFCs reaches upper layers of the atmosphere, they cause depletion of ozone layer, and allow harmful UV
radiations to reach the surface of the earth to create health hazards.
16.
(d) All of these
Explanation:
All the given practices are environment-friendly practices. Carrying cloth-bag for shopping purchases is an alternative to
polythene (which is a non-biodegradable plastic). Switching off lights and fans, when not in use, saves energy and helps to
reduce carbon emissions. Reducing automobile emissions is another way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

17.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Silver's reactivity according to the reactivity series is lesser than that of copper (Cu). So, we cannot stir the
solution as the solution would be displaced by copper. We should instead use a glass rod for this. Thus assertion is true, but
reason is false.
18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves two parents that result in offspring that are not identical to the parents. It causes
variations; which are essential for evolution as well as the survival of species under unfavorable conditions.

Page 9 of 16
19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The energy flow is unidirectional. The energy that autotrophs absorb from the Sun does not return, and the
energy that goes to herbivores does not go back to the autotrophs. It is no longer accessible to the previous level as it progresses
through the various trophic levels.
Section B
21. Ethanoic acid :

22. i. Sperms are produced in seminiferous tubules present in testers of male reproductive system by process known as
spermatogenesis.
ii. Sperm consists of 2 main parts head and tail, both of which are connected by neck. The long tail also known as flagellum of
sperms helps in quick movement or motility of sperms through the female reproductive tract through wave like motion.
iii. Sperms are delivered from the site of their production by vas deferens, also known as sperm duct to the urethra in order to
allow the passage of semen outside the body. Movement of sperm is facilitated by prostatic fluid.
23. Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide is present in low concentration and forms about 0.04% of the total atmosphere. Increased
concentration of CO2 with other factors, not becoming limiting, rate of the process enhances. However very high conc. of CO2
becomes toxic to the plants. It is doubtful whether CO2 is a limiting factor under field conditions.
Hydrophytic plants use CO2 dissolved in water. During night plants do not consume CO2 rather they release CO2 by the
breakdown of their reserve food.
OR
There are five steps in the process of nutrition inHuman beings.
1. Ingestion: The process of taking food into the body is called [Link] have holozoic mode of [Link] engulf
solid particles.
2. Digestion: the process in which the food containing large, insoluble molecules is broken down into small, water soluble
molecules is called digestion.
3. Absorption: The process in which the digested food passes through the intestinal wall into blood stream is called absorption.
4. Assimilation: The process in which the absorbed food is taken in by the body cells and used for energy, growth and repair is
called assimilation.
5. Egestion: The process in which the undigested food is removed from the body is called egestion.
24. i. The lens is a converging lens.
ii. Such an image is obtained in a magnifying glass and in a lens to correct hypermetropia defect of eye.
iii. The image is virtual, erect and enlarged and is formed behind the concave mirror.
25. The phenomenon of progressive increase in concentration of certain harmful non-biodegradable chemicals such as DDT at
different levels of food chain is called biological magnifications.
The concentration of harmful chemicals will be different at different trophic levels as the amount of such substances go on
increasing progressively at each trophic level. It will be lowest in the first trophic level and highest in the last trophic level of the
food chain.
OR
The characteristics of energy transfer in biosphere are :
i. The ultimate source of energy is sun and is converted from one form to another.
ii. Energy gets continuously transferred through food chain and energy flow is unidirectional.
iii. There is loss of some energy during transfer from one trophic level to the next.
iv. Only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. The solar energy trapped by producers does not revert
back to the sun.
v. At each trophic level, some of the energy is utilized by organisms, rest is lost to environment and only 10% is available to the
next trophic level.

Page 10 of 16
26. No, the position of a star as seen by us is not its true position that is the apparent position. The stars appear slightly higher than the
actual position because the light coming from the stars suffers refractions due to different layers of atmosphere which is due to
different refractive indices value. It seems as if stars are slightly higher than they actually appear.
Section C
27. Aluminium develops a thin oxide layer when exposed to air. This aluminium oxide coat makes it resistant to further corrosion.
The resistance can be improved further by making the oxide layer thicker. This process is called anodising.
During anodising, a clean aluminium article is made the anode and is electrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid. The oxygen gas
evolved at the anode reacts with aluminium to make a thicker protective oxide layer. This oxide layer can be dyed easily to give
aluminium articles an attractive finish.
28. Let the atomic mass of alkali metal A be x. According to the question, the metal A reacts with water and forms a compound B of
molecular mass 40.
2A + 2H2 O → 2AOH + H2 ↑
(B)

According to the question,

x + 16 + 1 = 40
∴ x= 40-17 = 23

and, 23 is the atomic mass of sodium(Na). Therefore, the alkali metal (A) is Na and the reaction is written below:
2N a(s) + 2H2 O(l) → 2N aOH(aq) + H2 (g)
A (B)

So, compound B is sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Sodium hydroxide reacts with aluminium oxide (Al2O3) to give sodium aluminate
(NaAIO2).
Al2 O3 (s) + 2N aOH(aq) → 2N aAlO2 (aq) + H2 O(l)
B (C)

Thus, compound C is sodium aluminate (NaAIO2).

OR
a. i. Sodium (Na) / Potassium (K)
ii. Iodine (I)
iii. Mercury (Hg)
iv. Gold (Au)
v. Silver / Copper
vi. Carbon / Sulphur / Phosphorous
b. Alloys are better than metals as they are generally stronger / have high tensile strength / high electrical resistivity / resistant to
corrosion.
Composition of Solder : Lead + Tin / Pb + Sn
Composition of Amalgam - an alloy in which mercury is one of the constituent / Any metal + mercury
29. Mammalian (human) alimentary canal comprises mouth, buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine
(duodenum, jejunum and ileum), large intestine (caecum, colon and rectum) and anus.
Digestive glands include salivary glands, gastric glands, intestinal glands, liver and pancreas.
Buccal cavity contains teeth and tongue, and receive saliva from 3 pairs of salivary glands (parotid, submaxillary, sublingual).
Teeth are meant for cutting and mastication of food. Teeth are the codent, heterodont and diphyodont.
Buccal cavity of man: The mouth is a slit-like aperture bounded by two lips. It leads to buccal cavity. Its roof is formed of hard
palate, continues as soft palate, and hangs as uvula. The sides of buccal cavity are formed by cheeks. At the floor is present a
musculo-sensory organ called tongue.
The oral cavity is supported by bones of jaws. The oral cavity contains the glands, tongue and teeth.

Page 11 of 16
 Pharynx: It is a vertical tube. It is a cross passage for food and air. It has uvula and epiglottis which closes the internal nares and
glottis respectively during swallowing of food to ensure the passage of food into oesophagus (food pipe).
Oesophagus: It is 25 cm long narrow muscular straight tube. It runs downward through the chest behind heart and passes through
the diaphragm into the abdomen. Here, it opens into stomach. Oesophagus propels the swallowed food into stomach.
Stomach of man: It is a sac-like structure situated in the upper part of abdominal cavity below the diaphragm. Large part of this
sac is situated left of the median line. The stomach is divisible into three parts namely cardiac, fundus or body and pylorus. At the
junction of stomach and duodenum is a pyloric constriction having pyloric sphincter.
Small intestine: It is the longest part of alimentary canal. It is thin walled and highly coiled tubular structure. It is about 3-3.5
metres long and occupies most part of abdominal cavity . It is coiled upon itself. It is differentiated into three regions, viz.
duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
Duodenum is 25 cm long C-shaped. It receives the opening of bile-pancreatic duct. It also receives the opening of stomach.
Jejunum is 90 cm long. It lies above and left beyond duodenum.
Ileum is 180 cm long. Its inner lining is thrown into numerous villi.
Large intestine: The large intestine is about 1.5 metres long. It is divided into following parts, ie. the vermiform appendix, the
colon and the rectum. Caecum is blind tube and represented by vermiform appendix (5-8 cms) and is present below the junction of
small and large intestine. Rectum is the last part and opens to outside by anus guarded by anal sphincter.
30. The ratio of purple flowers to white flowers in F2 generation was approximately 3 : 1. This ratio is termed Mendelian ratio or
Monohybrid ratio. It explains:
1) F1 hybrids always exhibited only one of the parental form of a trait and showed dominance / recessive mechanism.
2) Both parental forms of trait segregate and were expressed in F2 (second filial) generation.
3) The form of trait that appeared in F1 offspring i.e. the dominant form was present in the F2 generation about three times as
frequently as its alternate form (470 : 162). It is approximately 3 : 1. It is due to mechanism of segregation at the time of gamete
formation.
31. We know that pencil appears to be bent at the interface of air and water because of refraction of light. The degree of refection
depends on refractive index of a given liquid. Refraction indices of kerosene, water and other liquids would be different. Hence,
degree of bend would be different in case of different liquids.
32. (a) We know that
2

P= V

R
2
V
Therefore, R = P

Resistance of 1st lamp,

2

R1 = V

P
=
220×220

100

=484Ω
Resistance of 2nd lamp,
220×220
R2 = 60

2420
= 3
Ω

Since, two lamps are connected in parallel, so its equivalent resistance is given by
1 1 1 1 3 8
= = + =
R R1 + R2 484 2420 2420

2420
R= 8
Ω

Page 12 of 16
 By Ohm's Law,current drawn from the mains:
I= = V

R
220×8

2420

= 0.73 A
∴ The current drawn from the mains is 0.73 A
50 × (2×30)
(b) Energy consumed = W att × hour
= =
3000
= 3 unit or 3 kW h
1000 1000 1000

33. Suppose we replace the parallel resistors R1 and R2 by an equivalent resistor of resistance, R′. Similarly we replace the parallel
resistors R3, R4 and R5 by an equivalent single resistor of resistance R". Then using eq. 1

Rp
=
1

R1
+
1

R2
+
1

R3
, we have
1 1 1 1 6
Similarly, R"
=
30
+
20
+
60
=
60

that is R = 10Ω
′′

Thus, the total resistance, R = R′ + R″ = 18Ω

To calculate the current, we use Ohm’s law, and get
V 12V
I = = = 0.67A
R 18Ω

Section D
34. a. Carbon compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen ore called hydrocarbons
Example: Alkane / Alkene / Alkyne / any other

b. Saturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Consists of Only Single Bonds Consists of Double and Triple bonds

H− C ≡ C − H
Ethyne

c. i. CH3 – OH
Methanol / Methyl alcohol
ii.

Ethanal / Acetaldehyde
iii. CH − C − CH 3 3
||

Propanone / acetone
O

||

iv. CH − C − OH 3

Ethanoic Acid / Acetic acid

OR
i. The two isomers of butane, C4H10 are as follows:
H H H H

| | | |

H− C − C − C − C − H
| | | |

H H H H

O O

|| ||

ii. Structure of propanal and propanone are as followsCH 3 − CH2 − C − H and CH3 − C− CH3
Propanal Propanone

Page 13 of 16
 iii. a. Propanol, which has the chemical formula C3H7OH, is the third homologue of an alcohol. It has a three-carbon straight
chain with a hydroxyl (-OH) group joined to the second carbon.
b. Propanal, which has the chemical formula C3H6O, is an aldehyde's third homologue. Having a carbonyl group (C=O)
attached to the second carbon, it consists of a straight chain of three carbon atoms.
iv. a. Benzene
b. But-1-ene

v. Covalent bond formation of nitrogen

35. A number of herbaceous and woody perennial plants propagate vegetatively in nature. The common structures that take part in
natural vegetative propagation are roots, stems, leaves and buds.
Vegetative propagation by roots. Roots of some plants like radish, carrot, asparagus, tapioca, Dahlia and sweet potato etc. are
tuberous and store abundant food material.

These roots when planted in specially prepared beds (soil), develop adventitious buds which grow into leafy shoots called "slips".
As the root tubers in sweet potato store large amounts of food, each produces several "slips" the young "slips" are detached from
the parent plant and grown separately.
OR
i. The midbrain controls the reflex movements of the head, neck, and trunk in response to visual and auditory stimuli.
ii. The medulla contains a vital centre for controlling blood pressure, respiration, swallowing, salivation, vomiting, sneezing, and
coughing.
iii. Pons regulates respiration.
iv. The brain is protected by a bony box called cranium, within that three layers of fluid-filled membranes called meninges are
present for absorbing shock.
v. The forebrain is the largest part of the brain and is the main thinking region.
36. i. Palmists use a convex lens because it shows an enlarged, virtual and erect image when the object is between F and O of a
convex lens.
ii. If the palmist wants a real and magnified image, he should put an object between F1 and F2 or on F. But in that case, he will
have to use a screen to see the image. So, for convenience, palmists.
iii. Given, f = 10 cm, u = -5 cm
1 1 1
− =
v u f

Or 1

v
+
1

5
=
10
1

Or, 1

v
=
10
1
−
1

5
1−2
Or 1

v
=
10
= −
1

10

Or, v = -10 cm
The image is formed at 10 cm on the same side of the lens. It is erect and virtual.
v 10
Image size = u
=
5
=2
Image is twice as big as object.
OR
Given: focal length f = +20 cm, object distance u = -30 cm, height of object ho= 4 cm.
We know that, 1

f
=
1

v
−
1

1 1 1
= −
20 v −30

Page 14 of 16
 1 1
=
v 60

⇒ v = 60 cm
hi
So, h0
=
v

hi 60
=
h0 −30

⇒ -ti = -8 cm
Thus, the height or size of the image is 8 cm. The minus sign shows that this height is in the downward direction, that is, the
image is formed below the axis.
Ratio of size of image to object = -2
So image is enlarged beyond 2F2

Object between F1 and 2F1.

Image is formed beyond 2F2, real, inverted.
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The acidic behaviour of acids is due to the presence of hydrogen (H+) ions in them. They produce hydrogen ions in the presence
of water. Water is a polar solvent and this property of water helps in weakening the bond between the ions and makes them
soluble.
Hence, acids and bases produce ions in aqueous solutions. It may be noted that a dry HCl gas or a solution of hydrogen chloride in
organic, non-polar solvents like toluene or benzene do not show acidic properties. This is because hydrogen chloride does not
undergo ionization in toluene.
The reason why HCl splits into H+ and Cl- ions in presence of water lies in the fact that water molecules, being polar, pull the H+
and Cl- ions apart and thus, the bond in HCl is broken.

(i) Formic acid is the common name for methanoic acid and it is present in a bee stings.
(ii) pH = -log [H+] = 8
10

log10 [H+] = -8
[H+] = 10-8 mol/L
OR
Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Adrenaline is secreted directly into the blood and carried to different parts of the body. The target organs or the specific tissues on
which it acts include the heart. As a result, the heart beats faster, resulting in the supply of more oxygen to our muscles. The blood
to the digestive system and skin is reduced due to contraction of muscles around small arteries in these organs. This diverts the
blood to our skeletal muscles. The breathing rate also increases because of the contractions of the diaphragm and the rib muscles.
All these responses together enable the animal body to be ready to deal with the situation. Such animal hormones are part of the

Page 15 of 16
 endocrine system which constitutes the second way of control and coordination in our body.

(i) In animals, chemical coordination is achieved through the agency of hormones which function as chemical messengers.
Different plant hormones help to coordinate growth, development, and responses to the environment.
(ii) Adrenaline hormone is called an emergency hormone. Adrenaline hormone is released into the blood from the adrenal
gland during stimulation of the nervous system.
(iii)The adrenal gland is present on the upper side of each kidney in our body.
OR
Adrenaline hormone is secreted in small amounts all the time. But in large amounts, it is secreted when a person is
frightened. It increases the rate of heartbeat and breathing, raises blood pressure and allows more glucose go into the
blood to give us a lot of energy so as to quickly fight or run away from the frightening situation.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A student fixes a sheet of white paper on a drawing board using some adhesive materials. She places a bar magnet in the centre of
it and sprinkles some iron filings uniformly around the bar magnet using a salt-sprinkler. On tapping the board gently, she
observes that the iron filings have arranged themselves in a particular pattern.
(i)

(ii)

(iii)The direction of a magnetic field at a point is determined by placing a small compass needle. The N - pole of compass
indicates the direction of magnetic field at that point.
If magnetic field lines intersect each other, then at the intersection point there will be two directions of the same field
which is not possible.
OR
Magnetic field lines can be drawn by moving a small compass from point to point around a magnet. At each point, draw
a short line in the direction of the compass needle. Joining the points together reveals the path of the magnetic field lines.

Page 16 of 16
 Class X Session 2024-25
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 10

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answers to these questions should

be in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. The copper articles turn green when kept for long due to [1]

a) Corrosion b) Rusting

c) Precipitation d) Rancidity
2. When iron filings are added to a solution of CuSO4, the reaction taking place is a- [1]

a) Redox reaction b) Combination reaction

c) Displacement reaction d) Decomposition reaction

3. Which of the following salts contains water of crystallization? [1]
A. Gypsum
B. Epsom salt
C. Blue vitriol
D. Glauber’s salt

Page 1 of 17
 a) C and D b) A, B, C and D

c) A and B d) B and D
4. When ethanol reacts with sodium two products are formed. These products are: [1]

a) Sodium ethanoate and oxygen b) Sodium ethoxide and oxygen

c) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen d) Sodium ethanoate and hydrogen

5. Aluminum is used for making cooking utensils. Which of the following properties of aluminum are responsible [1]
for the same?

i. Good thermal conductivity

ii. Good electrical conductivity
iii. Ductility
iv. High melting point

a) (i) and (ii) b) (i) and (iii)

c) (ii) and (iii) d) (i) and (iv)

6. Which one of the following statements is true about the position of metals in the activity series of metals? [1]

a) Copper is below hydrogen but above lead b) Iron is below lead and zinc

c) Zinc is below magnesium but above d) Magnesium is below calcium but above
aluminium aluminium
7. Ethane - with the molecular formula C2H6 has [1]

a) 9 covalent bonds b) 8 covalent bonds

c) 7 covalent bonds d) 6 covalent bonds

8. If the solute concentration of raisin is more inside then: [1]

a) endosmosis rate will be same b) endosmosis rate will be less

c) endosmosis rate will be more d) endosmosis process will not occur

9. Select the group which shares maximum number of common characters- [1]

a) two genera of a family b) two individuals of a species

c) two species of a genus d) two genera of two families

10. In human beings, fertilization of ovum takes place in: [1]

a) Fallopian tubes b) Ovary

c) Uterus d) Vagina
11. The component of a chromosome that controls heredity is [1]

Page 2 of 17
 a) Histones b) Proteins

c) RNA d) DNA
12. The blood leaving the tissues becomes richer in [1]

a) Oxygen b) Heamoglobin

c) Water d) Carbon dioxide

13. The strength of an electromagnet after the limit cannot be increased by increasing the current through the [1]
solenoid. What is the reason behind this phenomenon?

a) Voltage through the solenoid gradually starts b) Electrons start to corrode the solenoid.
to decrease.

c) Resistance of the solenoid increases. d) Current flowing through the solenoid is

saturated.
14. Two LED bulbs of 12W and 6W are connected in series. If the current through 12W bulb is 0.06A the current [1]
through 6W bulb will be:

a) 0.12A b) 0.04A

c) 0.08A d) 0.06A
15. Food chains generally do not exceed above 3 or 4 trophic levels because ________. [1]

a) A producer cannot be eaten by more than b) Transfer of energy from one trophic level to
two herbivores other is associated with energy loss

c) There are limited number of organisms in an d) Larger food chains increase complications
ecosystem of food web
16. Food web is constituted by [1]

a) relationship between animals and b) relationship between plants and animals

environment.

c) various interlinked food chains in an d) relationship between the organisms and the
ecosystem environment
17. Assertion (A): Silver articles become black after sometime when exposed to sunlight. [1]
Reason (R): It is because silver reacts with carbonates present in the air.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): DNA copying is necessary during reproduction. [1]
Reason (R): DNA copying leads to the transmission of characters from parents to offspring.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): A compass is kept near a wire carrying current gets deflected. [1]
Reason (R): Electric current is capable of producing a magnetic effect.

Page 3 of 17
 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): Recycling is the way of managing plastic waste. [1]
Reason (R): Broken plastic articles are sent to plastic processing units where they are melted and remoulded to
make new plastic articles.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. Intake of small quantity of methanol can be lethal. Comment. [2]
22. i. Write the names of those parts of a flower which serve the same functions as the following do in the animals. [2]
a. Testis
b. Sperm
c. Ovary
d. Egg
ii. State the function of flowers in the flowering plants?

23. a. Why is it important to prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing in birds and mammals? [2]
b. Which animals can tolerate some mixing of the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood streams? On what factor
does the body temperature of these animals depend?
OR
Differentiate between Respiration and Photosynthesis.
24. Draw a ray diagram showing the path of rays of light when it enters with oblique incidence [2]
i. from air into water,
ii. from water into air.
25. Your uncle has come from the village to renew the contract to supply frogs to the laboratories of the colleges of [2]
the town. While talking to you, he mentioned that cases of malaria have increased in his village. In addition
population of grasshoppers has also increased who are damaging crops.
i. What could be the reasons for such problems faced by villagers?
ii. What suggestions will you give to your uncle?
OR
In the given figure, the various trophic levels are shown in a pyramid. At which trophic level is maximum energy
available?

26. When a beam of white light is passed through a triangular glass prism, it gets dispersed into its seven colour [2]
components. Why do we get these colours? In the given figure, the colours X and Y represent the extreme

Page 4 of 17
 components of the spectrum. Identify X and Y.

Section C
27. 'M' is an element which may be one out of Cu, Fe, Al, Na. It shows the following properties: [3]
(i) One of its ore is rich in M 2 O3 .
(ii) M 2 O3 is not affected by water.
(iii) It corrodes easily.
(iv) It form to chlorides M C l and M C l . Identify 'M'.
2 3

28. i. By the transfer of electrons, illustrate the formation of bond in magnesium chloride and identify the ions [3]
present in this compound.
ii. Ionic compounds are solids. Give reasons.
iii. With the help of a labelled diagram show the experimental set up of action of steam on a metal.
OR
i. Distinguish between ionic and covalent compounds under the following properties:
a. Strength of forces between constituent elements
b. Solubility of compounds in water
c. Electrical conduction in substances
ii. Explain how the following metals are obtained from their compounds by the reduction process:
a. Metal M which is in the middle of the reactivity series.
b. Metal N which is high up in the reactivity series. Give one example of each type.
29. Explain how deoxygenated blood travels from body to lung for purification. Draw well-labelled diagram in [3]
support of your answer.
30. Two plants, A with white flowers and B with red flowers were crossed. The F1 progeny shows all red flowers [3]

and F2 has three red and one white. Categorise the trait as dominant and recessive.

31. Differentiate between virtual image formed by a concave mirror and of a convex mirror. [3]
32. Derive the relation between kilowatt hour and joule. [3]
33. i. A wire of resistance 2 has been connected to a source of 50 V as its two ends. What is the current flowing [3]
through the wire?
ii. An electric kettle rated at 220 V, 2.2 kW works for 3h. Calculate the energy consumed and the current drawn.
Section D
34. i. What are soaps? Explain the mechanism of cleansing action of soap with the help of a labelled diagram. [5]
ii. Detergents are better than soaps. Justify.
OR
a. Define the term isomer.
b. Two compounds have same molecular formula C3H6O. Write the name of these compounds and their structural
formula.
c. How would you bring the following conversions:

Page 5 of 17
 i. Ethanol to ethene
ii. Propanol to propanoic acid
35. Explain the term fission as used in relation to reproduction. [5]
OR
How phototropism does occur in plants?
36. An object 4.0 cm in size, is placed 25.0 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15.0 cm. [5]
i. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image?
ii. Find the size of the image.
iii. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in this case.
OR
i. One half of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm is covered with a black paper. Can such a lens produce an image
of a complete object placed at a distance of 30 cm from the lens? Draw a ray diagram to justify your answer.
ii. A 4 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 20 cm. The distance of
the object from the lens is 15 cm. Find the nature, position and the size of the image.
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Copper sulphate crystal contains water of crystallisation when the crystal is heated the water is removed and salt
turns white. The crystal can be moistened again with water. The water of crystallisation is the fixed number of
water molecules present in 1 formula unit of copper sulphate. On heating gypsum at 373K, it loses water
molecules and became calcium sulphate hemihydrate.

(a) If the crystal is moistened with water, then which colour of the crystal reappears?
(b) What is the commercial name of calcium sulphate hemihydrate?
OR
How many water molecules are present in one formula unit of copper sulphate?
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Environmental triggers such as light, or gravity will change the directions that plant parts grow in. These
directional, or tropic, movements can be either towards the stimulus or away from it. So, in two different kinds
of phototropic movement, shoots respond by bending towards light while roots respond by bending away from
it. How does this help the plant? Plants show tropism in response to other stimuli as well. The roots of a plant
always grow downwards while the shoots usually grow upwards and away from the earth. This upward and
downward growth of shoots and roots, respectively, in response to the pull of earth or gravity, is, obviously,
geotropism. If ‘hydro’ means water and ‘chemo’ refers to chemicals, what would ‘hydrotropism’ and
‘chemotropism’ mean? Can we think of examples of these kinds of directional growth movements? One
example of chemotropism is the growth of pollen tubes towards ovules, about which we will learn more when

Page 6 of 17
 we examine the reproductive processes of living organisms.

(a) Where does negative phototropism occur in plants?

(b) Phototropism in shoots is attributed due to which plant hormone?
(c) Tendrils exhibit/ twining of tendrils show which type of tropic movement?
OR
If the stem grows towards sunlight and the root grows just opposite to it, then what type of movement of
the stem is it?
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A student was asked to perform an experiment to study the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic
field. He took a small aluminum rod AB, a strong horse shoe magnet, some connecting wires, a battery and a
switch and connected them as shown. He observed that on passing current, the rod gets displaced. On reversing
the direction of current, the direction of displacement also gets reversed. On the basis of your understanding of
this phenomenon, answer the following questions :

(a) State the condition under which the displacement of the rod is largest for the same magnitude of current
flowing through it.
(b) State the rule that determines the direction of the force on the conductor AB.
(c) i. If the U shaped magnet is held vertically and the aluminum rod is suspended horizontally with its end
B towards due north, then on passing current through the rod from B to A as shown, in which direction
will the rod be displaced?
ii. Name any two devices that use current carrying conductors and magnetic field.
OR
Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines produced around a current-carrying straight conductor held
vertically on horizontal cardboard. Indicate the direction of the field lines as well as the direction of the
current flowing through the conductor.

Page 7 of 17
 Solution
Section A
1. (a) Corrosion
Explanation: The copper articles turn green when kept for long due to corrosion in which metal is eaten up gradually by the
action of air, moisture or a chemical (such as an acid) on their surface.
2.
(c) Displacement reaction
Explanation: Reactions in which atoms or ions move from one compound to others to form a new compound are known as
Displacement reactions.
Fe (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq)
Fe being more reactive is able to displace Cu from CuSO4 solution.

3.
(b) A, B, C and D
Explanation: All the above salts contain water of crystallization and their chemical formulae are given below:
Gypsum - CaSO4.2H2O - (2 molecules of water of crystallization)
Epsom salt - MgSO4.7H2O - (7 molecules of water of crystallization)
Blue vitriol - CuSO4.5H2O - (5 molecules of water of crystallization)
Glauber's salt - Na2SO4.10H2O - (10 molecules of water of crystallization)

4.
(c) Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
Explanation: This reaction can be shown by the following equations:
2Na + 2CH3CH2OH ⟶ 2CH3CH2ONa + H2
Therefore, the products formed are sodium ethoxide and hydrogen.
5.
(d) (i) and (iv)
Explanation: Aluminium has good thermal conductivity and high melting point. These properties are useful in the making of
utensils. The commonly used metals in making utensils are copper, steel (an alloy of iron) and aluminium.
Copper and aluminium are the most preferred due to their conduction of heat.
6.
(d) Magnesium is below calcium but above aluminium
Explanation: Magnesium is below calcium but above aluminium
7.
(c) 7 covalent bonds
Explanation: Ethane - with the molecular formula C2H6 - has 7 covalent bonds. 1 covalent bond (C - C) exists between the
two carbon atoms. 3 C - H covalent bonds are formed by 3 hydrogen atoms with each carbon atom.
8.
(c) endosmosis rate will be more
Explanation: Endosmosis rate will be more.
9.
(b) two individuals of a species
Explanation: species is the lowest level of classification and shows the high level of similarities among the organisms. so two
individuals of a species have the maximum common characteristics.
10. (a) Fallopian tubes
Explanation: The fertilization of ovum takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.

Page 8 of 17
11.
(d) DNA
Explanation: Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual
reproduction; the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
Heritable traits are known to be passed from one generation to the next via DNA, a molecule that encodes genetic information.

12.
(d) Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Because of respiration, Carbon dioxide gets accumulated in tissues. Hence, blood leaving the tissues becomes
richer in Carbon dioxide.
13.
(d) Current flowing through the solenoid is saturated.
Explanation: Current flowing through the solenoid is saturated.
14.
(d) 0.06A
Explanation: Both bulb receive the same current because they are connected in series. They will have different voltages.
15.
(b) Transfer of energy from one trophic level to other is associated with energy loss
Explanation: The quantum of available energy in a food chain successively gets decreased at each trophic level as a result of
energy loss. This limits the number of trophic levels in a food chain.
16.
(c) various interlinked food chains in an ecosystem
Explanation: A food chain is a series of plants/animals which are interrelated in the form of an organism being eaten as food
by the other. The Food web is constituted by various interlinked and interdependent food chains in a community. It is also
called a consumer-resource system. The ecosystem consists of living organisms and their abiotic environment. Thus, the correct
answer is 'Various interlinked food chains in a community.'
17.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Silver reacts with sulphur present in the air and forms a layer of silver sulphide, therefore, silver articles get
tarnished. Thus assertion is true, but reason is false.
18. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: DNA copying is necessary during reproduction because it leads to the transmission of characters from parents to
offsprings and brings about variation.
19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Here while carrying out an experiment if a compass needle is placed near a wire carrying current then due to the
effect of magnetism which is produced due to electric current produced in the wire the needle gets deflected. Which shows that
the magnetism and electricity are interlinked. So, both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.

Page 9 of 17
20.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Plastics are non-biodegradable. They cannot be decomposed by the action of microbes. Recycling them can
manage them effectively.
Section B
21. Methanol (CH3OH) is oxidised to methanal (HCHO) in the liver.
2C H3 OH + O2 → 2HC HO + 2H2 O

Methanal (HCHO) reacts rapidly with the components of body cells. It causes the protoplasm of the cells to coagulate. It also
affects the optic nerve and causes blindness. Therefore, intake of small quantity of methanol can be lethal.
22. i. a. Testis - Anther
b. Sperm - Pollen grains
c. Ovary - Ovary
d. Egg - Ovum
ii. Flowers are the main organs of sexual reproduction. They contain the reproductive organs.
23. a. The separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds is necessary to produce more energy in order to
maintain their body temperature at different climatic Conditions.
b. Amphibians can withstand some amounts of blood that is both oxygenated and deoxygenated because they don't require a lot
of energy. They alter their body temperature.
OR
Respiration Photosynthesis
1) Being an endothermic process, radiant energy of light
1) Being an exothermic process energy is released.
is absorbed.
2) It is a catabolic process in which food substrates are 2) It is an anabolic process in which food substrates are
broken down. synthesized.
3) It is carried out only by the chlorophyll containing
3) It takes place in all living cells.
cells.
4) CO2 is given out. 4) O2 is released as a by product.
5) Chemical energy is converted into ATP and some 5) Radiant energy of light is converted into chemical
energy is lost as heat. energy.
24. The following figure shows a ray of light incident obliquely. Every medium has a critical angle. When angle of incidence is more
than critical angle, the ray of light comes back in the same medium. This phenomenon is called total internal reflection.

25. i. As uncle is supplying frogs from his village to laboratories so the number of frog population is decreasing. Frogs eat
grasshoppers and mosquitoes. But as the number of frogs population is reduced so the population of grasshoppers and
mosquitoes are increasing. So malaria is spread in the village by mosquitoes and grasshoppers are causing damage to the
crops.
ii. He must stop the supply of frogs to the laboratories as the reduced frog population is causing an imbalance in the food chain
and proper ratio of frogs, grasshoppers and mosquitoes can not be maintained in the ecosystem.
OR
The maximum energy is available at T1 trophic level and least at T4. There is a progressive decline in the amount of energy
available from producer to higher trophic levels, i.e. T1>T2>T3>T4 (energy). This is because at each trophic level, a large portion
of energy is utilised for the maintenance of organisms at that trophic level and some are lost as heat and only about 10 percent is
available to next trophic level and stored as biomass.
26. i. Different colours of light bend through different angles with respect to the incident ray as they travel with different speeds
while passing through a prism, this phenomenon is known as disperson of light.

Page 10 of 17
 ii. X = violet, this colour has minimum wavelength thus suffers maximum deviation, Y = red, as it has maximum wavelength and
thus least deviated.
Section C
27. (i) As the metal 'M' forms oxide M O it is trivalent. Out of the metals listed, only F e and Al are trivalent.
2 3

(ii) M O is not affected by water, so 'M' can be out of F e or Al.

2 3

(iii) F e and Al both corrode easily.

(iv) Out of Al and F e, only F e can form divalent chloride, so the element 'M' is F e.
28. i. Formation of magnesium chloride - magnesium is a metal and chlorine is a non-metal. The magnesium atom loses 2 electrons
to attain a stable configuration which results in the formation of magnesium cation Mg2+.
Similarly, the chlorine atom gains an electron to complete its octet and results in the formation of chloride anion Cl-.
When magnesium reacts with chlorine, two electrons lost by magnesium atoms are gained by two chlorine atoms. Mg​2+ and
Cl- being oppositely charged, attract each other and are held by strong electrostatic forces of attraction to exist as MgCl2.

ii. Due to the strong force of attraction between the metal with a positive charge and metal with a negative charge, ionic
compounds are solid.
iii. Reaction with steam: Metals like iron, zinc and aluminum react with steam to form corresponding hydroxide and hydrogen
gas.

OR
i. a. Ionic compounds have strong force of attraction between the oppositely charged ions (e.g., N a and C l ), so they are
+ −

solids. Covalent compounds have weak force of attraction between their molecules, so they are usually liquids or gases.
b. Ionic compounds are soluble in water but covalent compounds are insoluble in water.
c. Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water or when melted because they contain ions (charged
particles). But, covalent compounds like glucose do not conduct electricity because they do not contain ions.
ii. a. The metal M which is in the middle of the reactivity series (such as iron, zinc, lead, copper, etc.) is moderately reactive.
So, for obtaining such metals from their compounds, their sulphides and carbonates (in which they are present in nature)
are first converted into their oxides by the process of roasting and calcination respectively. For example,
Heat
2ZnS (s) + 3O2 (g) ⟶ 2ZnO (s) + 2SO2 (g)
Z inc Sulphide

(Su lphideore)

Heat

ZnC O3 (s) ⟶ ZnO (s) + C O2 (g)

Z inc Carbonate
(C arbonate are)

The metal oxide (MO) are then reduced to the corresponding metals by using suitable reducing agents such as carbon. For
example, zinc metal from its oxide is obtained as follow:
ZnO(s) + C (s) → Zn(s) + C O(g)
Z inc oxide Z inc

b. The metal N which is high up in the reactivity series (such as sodium, magnesium, calcium, aluminium, etc.), is very
reactive and cannot be obtained from its compound by heating with carbon.
Therefore, such metals are obtained by electrolytic reduction of their molten salt. For example, sodium is obtained by the

Page 11 of 17
 electrolysis of molten sodium chloride (N aC l).

29. The deoxygenated blood is collected from the body tissues through the veins which further combine to form vena cava. This vena
cava pours deoxygenated blood collected from the body tissues into the right auricle of the heart. From the right auricle, it goes to
the right ventricle and from here the blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery which takes the deoxygenated blood from the
heart to the lungs. In the alveoli of the lungs, the blood is oxygenated. This oxygenated blood is pumped into the pulmonary veins
which pour the blood into the left auricle. From here the oxygenated blood is poured into the left ventricle. The left ventricle
pushes the blood into the aorta which pumps the oxygenated blood into the body tissues and supplies oxygen through the tissues
for various body functions.

Figure: The double circulation of blood

30. When two plants, A with white flowers and B with red flowers were crossed,
In F1 generation all the plants have red coloured flowers and in F2 generation the ratio of red : white is 3 : 1.
The dominant trait is red colour in flowers.
The recessive trait is white colour in flowers.

Gametes R r

R RR(red) Rr(red)

r Rr(red) rr(red)
31. The virtual image formed by a concave mirror is always magnified whereas the virtual image formed by a convex mirror is
diminished.
32. 1kwh = 1000 watt × 3600 seconds
= 3.6 × 106 wattsecond
= 3.6 × 106 joule (J)
The SI unit of energy is joules (J).
33. i. Zero, current flows due to potential difference and not due to potentials.
ii. Energy consumed (in kWh) = power (in kW) × time (h) = 2.2 kW × 3h = 6.6 kWh
Power = 2.2 kW = 2.2 × 1,000 W = 2,200 W
But Power = Voltage × Current
2,200 = 220 × I
2200
I =
220
= 10 A

Page 12 of 17
 Section D
34. i. Soaps are molecules has two ends have differing properties, one is hydrophilic (interacts with water), while the other end is
hydrophobic (interacts with hydrocarbons). When soap is at the surface of water, the hydrophobic 'tail' of soap will not be
soluble in water and the soap will align along the surface of water with the ionic end in water and the hydrocarbon 'tail'
protruding out of water. Inside water, these molecules keeps the hydrocarbon portion out of the water. Thus, clusters of
molecules in which the hydrophobic tails are in the interior of the cluster and the ionic ends are on the surface of the cluster.
This formation is called a micelle. Soap in the form of a micelle is able to clean, since the oily dirt will be collected in the
centre of the micelle. The micelles stay in solution as a colloid and will not come together because of ion-ion repulsion. Thus,
the dirt suspended in the micelles is also easily rinsed away. The soap micelles are large enough to scatter light.

ii. Detergents are sodium salts of sulphonic acids or ammonium salts with chlorides or bromide ions etc. Detergents have long
hydrocarbon chains. The charged ends of these compounds do not form insoluble precipitates with the calcium and
magnesium ions in hard water but soap reacts with calcium and magnesium ions present in the hard water to form insoluble
substance called scum. Thus, detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps, they remain effective even in hard water.
OR
a. Isomers are those compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
b. Propanal- CH3CH2CHO
Propanone- CH3COCH3
Above are the name of these compounds and their structural formula.
443 K

c. i. CH 3 CH2 OH −−−−−−−→ H2 C = CH2 + H2 O

Conc. H2 SO 4
Alkaline KMnO4

ii. CH3 CH2 OH −−−−−−−−−→ CH3 CH2 COOH + H2 O

Heat

35. Binary fission in Amoeba. It is normal method of reproduction in Amoeba. It occurs under favourable conditions. The animal
grows until it attains the maximum size and then divides by binary fission in every three or four days. The fission is completed in
15 to 20 minutes.

Multiple fusion in Amoeba

Multiple fission inside the cyst has been described but not established. It has been suggested that sometimes inside the cyst, the
nucleus divides and surrounds itself with cytoplasm to form several small amoebulae. At the return of favourable conditions or on
finding a favourable substrate, the cyst absorbs water and its walls burst. The amoebulae escape and soon each one grows into
new amoeba.

Page 13 of 17
 OR
The directional movement of a plant part/plant in response to light is called phototropism. The shoot responds by bending towards
light while roots respond by bending away from the light. We know that the plant stem responds to light and bends towards it due
to the action of auxin hormone. When sunlight comes from above, then the auxin hormone present at the tip of the stem spreads
uniformly down the stem. Due to the equal presence of auxin, both the sides of the stem grow straight and with same [Link]
is because auxin hormone moves away from the light.
Thus, more auxin hormone is present in the left side of stem as compared to the right. The left side of stem, grows faster than its
right side and therefore, the stem bends towards the right side (direction of light).

The effect of auxin on the growth of a root is exactly opposite to that on a stem. Auxin hormone increases the rate of growth in
stem but it decreases the rate of growth in a root. The side of root away from light will have all the auxin concentrated in it. Due to
this, the side of root which is away from light will grow slower than the other side and make the root bends away from light.
36. Given: Height of object (ho) = 4 cm
Object distance (u) = -25 cm(-ve as it is in front of mirror)
Focal length (f) = -15 cm
i. Applying mirror formula and substituting the values,
1 1 1
+ =
v u f

1 1 1
= −
v −15 −25

1 −5+3
=
v 75
−75
v= 2
= -37.5 cm
The negative sign indicates that the image is in front of the mirror.
Therefore, the screen must be placed in front of the mirror at a distance of 37.5 cm.
ii. Applying the magnification formula and substituting the values,
−v hi
m= u
=
ho
−75
−( )
2
hi
=
−25 4

−75
hi = 2×25
× 4

hi = -6 cm
The image will be 6cm high and it will be inverted.
iii. The ray diagram showing the formation of image in this case is,

OR
When a convex lens is covered half with black paper as shown in diagram, then image of full object will formed , but it will be of
less intensity and brightness.

Page 14 of 17
 As h0 = 4 cm, f = 20 cm and u = - 15 cm
By lens formula,
1 1 1
= −
f v u
1 1 1 1 1 15−20 −5
⇒ = + = + = =
v f u 20 (−15) 300 300

∴ v = −60cm

As, magnification,
hi v
m= h0
=
u
v −60
⇒ hi = h0 × = 4 × = 16 cm
u −15

Image formed is virtual, erect and magnified.

Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Copper sulphate crystal contains water of crystallisation when the crystal is heated the water is removed and salt turns white. The
crystal can be moistened again with water. The water of crystallisation is the fixed number of water molecules present in 1
formula unit of copper sulphate. On heating gypsum at 373K, it loses water molecules and became calcium sulphate hemihydrate.

(i) If the crystal is moistened with water, then the blue colour of the crystal reappears.
(ii) The commercial name of calcium sulphate hemihydrate is Plaster of Paris.
OR
Five water molecules are present in one formula unit of copper sulphate.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Environmental triggers such as light, or gravity will change the directions that plant parts grow in. These directional, or tropic,
movements can be either towards the stimulus or away from it. So, in two different kinds of phototropic movement, shoots
respond by bending towards light while roots respond by bending away from it. How does this help the plant? Plants show
tropism in response to other stimuli as well. The roots of a plant always grow downwards while the shoots usually grow upwards
and away from the earth. This upward and downward growth of shoots and roots, respectively, in response to the pull of earth or
gravity, is, obviously, geotropism. If ‘hydro’ means water and ‘chemo’ refers to chemicals, what would ‘hydrotropism’ and
‘chemotropism’ mean? Can we think of examples of these kinds of directional growth movements? One example of
chemotropism is the growth of pollen tubes towards ovules, about which we will learn more when we examine the reproductive

Page 15 of 17
 processes of living organisms.

(i) In plants, negative phototropism occurs in roots.

(ii) Phototropism in shoots is attributed due to auxin in plants.
(iii)Tendrils exhibit/ twining of tendrils show thigmotropism movement.
OR
Positive phototropic movement.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A student was asked to perform an experiment to study the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. He took a
small aluminum rod AB, a strong horse shoe magnet, some connecting wires, a battery and a switch and connected them as
shown. He observed that on passing current, the rod gets displaced. On reversing the direction of current, the direction of
displacement also gets reversed. On the basis of your understanding of this phenomenon, answer the following questions :

(i) The displacement of the conductor is maximum when the direction of the current is at right angles to the direction of the
magnetic field.
(ii) The rule that determines the direction of the force on the conductor AB is Fleming's left-hand rule.
According to Fleming's left-hand rule, stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of your left hand such that they
are mutually perpendicular.
If the first finger points in the direction of the magnetic field and the second finger in the direction of current, then the
thumb will point in the direction of motion or force.
(iii) i. According to Fleming's left-hand rule, the rod will get displaced upwards.
ii. Devices that use current-carrying conductors and magnetic fields are electric motors, electric generators,
loudspeakers, microphones, etc.
OR

Page 16 of 17
Page 17 of 17
 Class X Session 2024-25
Subject - Science
Sample Question Paper - 1

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.

2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to

attempt only one of these questions.

3. Section A consists of 20 objective-type questions carrying 1 mark each.

4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should be in the

range of 30 to 50 words.

5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should
be in the range of 50 to 80 words.

6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answers to these questions should

be in the range of 80 to 120 words.

7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

Section A
1. Which characteristic is observed by the reaction shown in the given image? [1]

a) Formation of a precipitate b) Change in temperature

c) Evolution of a gas d) Both change in temperature and evolution

of gas
2. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 ​→ BaSO4 + 2NaCl. It is type of: [1]

a) Both Precipitation reaction and Double b) Double displacement reaction

displacement reaction

c) Decomposition reaction d) Precipitation reaction

3. Acid present in tomato is: [1]

a) Acetic acid b) Methanoic acid

Page 1 of 16
 c) Lactic acid d) Oxalic acid
4. Which of the following are called soft soaps? [1]

a) Potassium salts b) Calcium salts

c) Magnesium salts d) Sodium salts

5. Take three boiling tubes A, B and C. Pour some water in test tube A Put iron nails in it and cork it. Pour boiled [1]
distilled water in another test tube B and put iron nails in it. Add 1 ml of oil over it such that oil floats over it and
prevents the air from entering. Take some iron nails in test tube C and put some anhydrous calcium chloride in it
and cork it.
Leave all the three test tubes for one day and then observe.

In which test tube nail is rusted?

a) Tube B and C b) Tube B

c) Tube A d) Tube A and C

6. Which oxide will turn blue litmus solution to red? [1]
A. SO2
B. MgO
C. Na2O
D. NO2

a) A and D b) B and C

c) A and C d) All of these

7. Butanone is a four carbon compound with the functional group: [1]

a) - COOH b) - CHO

c) - CO - d) - OH
8. In the excretory system of human beings, some substances in the initial filtrate such as glucose, amino acids, [1]
salts and water are selectively reabsorbed in

a) Ureter b) Urethra

c) Urinary bladder d) Nephron

9. The genotype for the height of an organism is Tt. What conclusion may be drawn from this? [1]

Page 2 of 16
 a) The allele for height has at least two b) There are at least two different alleles for
different genes. the gene for height.

c) There is one allele for height with two d) There are two different genes for height,
different forms. each having a single allele.
10. At what stage of the menstrual cycle is a woman said to be fertile? [1]

a) Ovulation b) All of these

c) Secretary phase d) Proliferative phase

11. Select the correct statement among the following. [1]
i. Human female possesses homomorphic sex chromosomes.
ii. Males possess homogametic sex chromosomes in humans.
iii. Human females possess heterogametic sex chromosomes.
iv. Human male possesses homomorphic sex chromosomes.

a) Statement (iii) is correct. b) Statement (i) is correct.

c) Statement (ii) is correct. d) Statement (iv) is correct.

12. The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires: [1]

a) sunlight b) All of these

c) carbon dioxide and water d) chlorophyll

13. Which of the following describes the common domestic power supplied in India? [1]

a) 110 v, 100 Hz b) 220 v, 100 Hz

c) 110 v, 50 Hz d) 220 v, 50 Hz
14. What is the minimum resistance which can be made using five resistors each of 1/5 Ω ? [1]

a) b) 25 Ω
1
Ω
25

c) 1

10
Ω d) 1

5
Ω

15. The pyramid shown here can be the pyramid of ________. [1]

a) Biomass in a forest b) Energy in a Grassland

c) Number in a pond d) Biomass in a pond ecosystem

16. In a given food chain, suppose the amount of energy available at the third trophic level is 50 KJ. What will be [1]
the energy available at the producer level?

a) 5000 KJ b) 50 KJ

c) 5 KJ d) 500 KJ
17. Assertion (A): Stannous chloride is a powerful oxidising agent which oxidises mercuric chloride to mercury. [1]
Reason (R): Stannous chloride gives a grey precipitate with mercuric chloride, but stannic chloride does not do
so.

Page 3 of 16
 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): Vaginal pills contain spermicides. [1]
Reason (R): Spermicides kill the sperms.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): The magnetic field intensity at the centre of a circular coil carrying current changes, if the [1]
current through the coil is doubled.
Reason (R): The magnetic field intensity is dependent on current in conductor.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion (A): In an ecosystem, the function of producers is to convert organic compounds into inorganic [1]
compounds.
Reason (R): Green plants, the producers, transduce solar energy.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
21. Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents [2]
such as ethanol also.
22. Define the term pollination. Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination. What is the significance [2]
of pollination?
23. What are the components of the transport system in highly organized plants? [2]
OR
What are the two phases of photosynthesis reactions?
24. A concave lens has a focal length of 10 cm. An object 2.5 cm high is placed 30 cm from the lens. Determine the [2]
position and size of the image.
25. Give some examples along with reasons of insecticides that are banned due to their fatal effects. [2]
OR
What is ozone and how does it affect any ecosystem?
26. What type of lens we wear if we are suffering from myopia ? [2]
Section C
27. Nikita took Zn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg and Na metal and put each metal in cold water and then hot water. She reacted [3]
the metal with steam
(i) Name the metal which reacts with cold water.
(ii) Which of the above metals react with steam?

Page 4 of 16
 (iii) Name the metal which reacts with hot water.
(iv) Arrange these metals in order of increasing reactivity.
28. Name a metal/non-metal: [3]
i. Which makes iron hard and strong?
ii. Which is alloyed with any other metal to make an amalgam?
iii. Which is used to galvanize iron articles?
iv. Whose articles when exposed to air form a black coating?
OR
Give reasons:
a. Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery.
b. Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil.
c. Aluminium is a highly reactive metal, yet it is used to make utensils for cooking.
d. Carbonate and sulphide ores are usually converted into oxides during the process of extraction.
e. Lemon or tamarind juice are effective in cleaning tarnished copper vessels.
29. Draw the diagram of part of leaf from which transpiration takes place. Explain stomatal or foliar transpiration. [3]
30. In pea plant, round seed is dominant over the wrinkled. If a cross is carried out between these two plants, give [3]
answer to the following questions.
i. Mention the genes for the traits of parents.
ii. State the trait of F1 hybrids.
iii. Write the ratio of F2 progeny obtained from this cross. What is the name of the cross?

31. What is atmospheric refraction? Explain with the help of a labelled diagram that the position of a star as seen by [3]
us is not its true position.

32. a. Calculate the resistance of a metal wire of length 2 m and area of cross-section 1.55 × 10-6 m2. (Resistivity [3]

of the metal is 2.8 × 10-8 Ω m)

b. Why are alloys preferred over pure metals to make the heating elements of electrical heating devices?

33. i. An electric lamp of 100 ohms, a toaster of resistance 50 ohms and a water filter of resistance 500 ohms are [3]
connected in parallel to a 220V source. what is the resistance of the electric iron connected to the same
source that takes as much current as all the three appliances and what is the current through it?
ii. Which uses more energy, a 250 W TV set for 1 hour or a 1,200 W toaster for 10 minutes?
Section D
34. i. Compare soaps and detergents on the basis of their composition and cleansing action in hard water. [5]
ii. What happens when ethanol is treated with sodium metal? State the behaviour of ethanol in this reaction.
iii. Draw the structure of cyclohexane.
iv. Name the following compound.
H

H − C − C − H
|| |
O H

OR
Draw the possible isomers of the compound with molecular formula C3H6O and also give their electron dot
structures.
35. Why are budding, fragmentation and regeneration all considered as asexual types of reproduction? With neat [5]

Page 5 of 16
 diagrams explain the process of regeneration in Planaria.
OR

Observe the above figure carefully and answer the following:

i. Which phenomenon does the figure represent?
ii. Which plant hormone is involved?
iii. How this plant hormone brings this movement?
36. What is lens formula ? Give its sign conventions and assumptions. [5]
OR
Differentiate between a concave mirror and a convex mirror.
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
The teacher while conducting practicals in the laboratory divided the students into three groups and gave them
various solutions to find out their pH and classify them into acidic, basic and neutral solutions.
Group A - Lemon juice, vinegar, colourless aerated drink
Group B - Tomato juice, coffee, ginger juice
Group C - Sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, lime water
(a) For the solutions provided, which group is/are likely to have pH value (i) less than 7, and (ii) greater than
7?
(b) List two ways of determining pH of a solution.
OR
Explain, why the sour substances such as lemon juice are effective in cleaning the tarnished copper
vessels.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Fill a conical flask with water. Cover the neck of the flask with a wire mesh. keep two or three freshly
germinated bean seeds on the wire mesh. Take a cardboard box which is open from one side. Keep the flask a
wire mesh. Kin the box in such a manner that the open side of the box faces light coming from a window as
shown in the given figure. After two or three days, you will notice that the shoots bend towards light and roots
away from light. Now turn the flask so that the shoots are away from light and the roots towards the light. Leave
it undisturbed in this condition for a few days. Plants show tropism in response to other stimuli as well. The
roots of a plant always grow downwards while the shoots usually grow upwards and away from the earth. This
upward and downward growth of shoots and roots, respectively, in response to the pull of earth or gravity, is

Page 6 of 16
 obviously, geotropism.

(a) What has represented by the given activities?

(b) Do old parts of the shoot and root change direction? Is there any difference in the direction of the new
growth?
(c) What can we conclude from this activity?
OR
What is geotropism?
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A student was asked to perform an experiment to study the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic
field. He took a small aluminum rod AB, a strong horse shoe magnet, some connecting wires, a battery and a
switch and connected them as shown. He observed that on passing current, the rod gets displaced. On reversing
the direction of current, the direction of displacement also gets reversed. On the basis of your understanding of
this phenomenon, answer the following questions :

(a) State the condition under which the displacement of the rod is largest for the same magnitude of current
flowing through it.
(b) State the rule that determines the direction of the force on the conductor AB.
(c) i. If the U shaped magnet is held vertically and the aluminum rod is suspended horizontally with its end
B towards due north, then on passing current through the rod from B to A as shown, in which direction
will the rod be displaced?
ii. Name any two devices that use current carrying conductors and magnetic field.
OR
Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines produced around a current-carrying straight conductor held
vertically on horizontal cardboard. Indicate the direction of the field lines as well as the direction of the
current flowing through the conductor.

Page 7 of 16
 Solution
Section A
1.
(d) Both change in temperature and evolution of gas
Explanation: Two observations are made that may suggest that a chemical reaction has taken place in the given image are
i. evolution of a gas and
ii. change in temperature.
A pop sound is produced when zinc granules and dilute sulphuric acid reacts together which shows that hydrogen gas is
produced during the reaction. The flask also becomes warm showing that there is a change in temperature. Hence, the chemical
reaction between zinc and dilute sulphuric acid is characterized by the evolution of hydrogen gas and change in temperature.
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2↑ + Heat

2. (a) Both Precipitation reaction and Double displacement reaction

Explanation:
Double decomposition takes place, due to the exchange of ions between the 2 substances. A white precipitate of barium
sulphate is formed.
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → ​ ​BaSO4 + 2NaCl
BaSO4 is insoluble in water. NaCl dissolves in water.
BaSO4 is Barium Sulphate
NaCl is common salt of Sodium Chloride
3.
(d) Oxalic acid
Explanation: More than ten different types of acids, including citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, and oxalic acid, are present
in tomatoes. Each 100 g serving of tomatoes contains about 50 mg of oxalic acid. So, the main acid found in tomatoes is oxalic
acid.
4. (a) Potassium salts
Explanation: Potassium salts
5.
(c) Tube A
Explanation: Iron nails get rusted in test tube A because both air and water are present in it. Iron nails do not get rusted in B
because there is water but no air. In C, rusting will not take place because there is neither air nor water.
6. (a) A and D
Explanation: An acidic oxide will turn blue litmus red. Non-metal oxides (Oxides of S and N) are acidic in nature. Metal
oxides (Oxides of Mg and Na) are basic in nature.
7.
(c) - CO -
Explanation:
Butanone (CH3COCH2CH3) is the second member of ketones. It is a four carbon compound with ketone functional group (-
CO -). The ketone functional group has two free valencies which are satisfied by one methyl ( -CH3 ) group and one ethyl ( -
C2H5 ) group.

8.
(d) Nephron
Explanation: Nephron

Page 8 of 16
 9.
(b) There are at least two different alleles for the gene for height.
Explanation: Genotype is the genetic composition of an organism, i.e., the combination of alleles it possesses. Every character
in an organism is controlled by a gene that has at least two alleles that lie on the two homologous chromosomes at the same
locus. These alleles may represent the same (homozygous, e.g., TT for height)or alternate expressions (heterozygous, e.g., Tt)
of the same character. Thus, if genotype for the height of an organism is Tt, this means there are at least two different alleles for
the gene for height, one is T and the other is t.
10. (a) Ovulation
Explanation: In general, a woman's fertile window is the day of ovulation (usually 12 to 16 days before the cycle begins) and
the five days preceding it.
11.
(b) Statement (i) is correct.
Explanation: In humans, females have homomorphic sex chromosomes, i.e., two X chromosomes. Thus, they are
homogametic, i.e., produce only one type of gametes which contain X chromosomes. Sex chromosomes of human males are
heteromorphic or dissimilar, i.e., XY. Fluman males are therefore heterogametic, i.e., produce two types of gametes.
12.
(b) All of these
Explanation: Autotrophic nutrition is fulfilled by the process by which autotrophs take in CO2 and H2O and convert these into
carbohydrates in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight. This process is called Photosynthesis.
13.
(d) 220 v, 50 Hz
Explanation: The voltage in India is 220 volts, alternating at 50 cycles (Hertz) per second. The advantage of 220 is lower
current and thus less power loss. And the ability to use thinner wires - less copper.
14. (a) 1

25
Ω

Explanation: When resistors are connected in parallel, the supply current is equal to the sum of the currents through each
resistor. Also, they have the same potential difference across them.
In other words, any components in parallel have the same potential difference across them. And, the total resistance will always
be lesser than the least resistance in the circuit.
The total resistance is calculated as RT
=
1 1
+
R1
+
1

R2
. That is, R =R
1

R3
−1

In this case, the given resistance is 1

5
ohms each. Therefore, the minimum resistance that can be obtained from the parallel
connection of these five resistors is given as follows:
. Therefore, R =
1 5 5 5 5 5 25 1
= + + + + =
RT 1 1 1 1 1 1 25

Hence, the minimum resistance which can be made using five resistors each of 1/5 ohms is 1/25 ohms.
15.
(d) Biomass in a pond ecosystem
Explanation: The pyramid shown here is an inverted pyramid. Pyramid of energy can never be inverted. Number of producers
(i.e., phytoplanktons) in a pond are always more than the consumers thus, pyramid of number in a pond cannot be inverted. In a
forest, biomass of producers (i.e., tree) is large, so pyramid of biomass in a forest is also upright. Pyramid of biomass for pond
ecosystem is inverted as biomass of a trophic level depends on reproductive potential and longevity of its members.
16. (a) 5000 KJ
Explanation: According to 10% law, the energy available to each successive trophic level is 10% of the previous trophic
level.
Given, the energy available at the third trophic level = 50 KJ
The energy available at second trophic level = 50 KJ × 10 = 500 KJ
Therefore, the energy available at the producer level (first trophic level) = 500 KJ × 10 = 5000 KJ
17.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: A is false but R is true.
18.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Page 9 of 16
 Explanation: Vaginal pills are the chemical methods of birth control. The vaginal pills contain the chemicals called
spermicides which kill the sperms.
19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The magnetic field at the centre of circular coil is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.
So if current through coil is doubled then magnetic field becomes double.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
21. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. The action of a soap is based on the presence of both hydrophilic
and hydrophobic groups in a soap molecule. This action emulsifies the oily dirt and helps in its removal.
The two ends of a soap molecule have different properties. When soap is added to water, the ionic, hydrophilic end of soap
molecule dissolves in water. The hydrocarbon chain of soap molecule is hydrophobic and it dissolves in hydrocarbons i.e. links
with oily dirt. The hydrocarbon chain of soap molecule orients towards the oil droplet while the ionic end orients towards water
(polar solvent). This is how, soap molecules form structures called micelles where the oily dirt is collected in the centre. Thus,
soap micelles help in dissolving dirt in water. Micelles stay in solution as colloids and the dirt suspended in the micelles is easily
rinsed away.
Micelle formation will not take place in a solvent like ethanol because ethanol will dissolve the hydrocarbon chain of a soap
molecule also.

22. Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. The goal of every living
organism, including plants, is to create offspring for the next generation. One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by
making seeds. Seeds contain the genetic information to produce a new plant.
Self-pollination:
i. It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the carpel of the same flower or different
flower of the same plant.
ii. It does not require external agents.
iii. It does not introduce variation.
iv. It is a sure and economical method.
v. It avoids mixing or dilution of the original characters.
vi. The progeny becomes weaker after every generation
Cross-pollination:
i. It is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of different flowers of different plants.
ii. It requires external agents like wind, insects, etc. to carry out pollination.
iii. It introduces variation and adaptability.
iv. It is not economical and is highly wasteful.
v. Good characters of a race can be diluted.
vi. The progeny becomes healthier and better fitted for existence.
23. Components of the transport system in plants
1. Xylem tissue – Vessels and tracheoles of roots, stems and leaves are concerned with transport of water and minerals.
2. Phloem transports food, amino acid and other substances.
OR
The two phases of photosynthesis reactions are as follows:
a) Light reaction: In light-dependent reactions, the energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and converted into chemical
energy in the form of electron carrier molecules like ATP and NADPH. It takes place in the thylakoid of the grana of the

Page 10 of 16
 chloroplasts.
b) Dark reaction: In light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle), carbohydrate molecules are assembled from carbon dioxide using
the chemical energy harvested during the light-dependent reactions. It takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts.
24. Since the lens is concave, hence f is negative
Given: u = - 30 cm; f= - 10 cm; h = 2.5 cm; v = ?; h' = ?

The lens formula for concave lens is 1

v
−
1

u
=
1

1 1 1
− =
v −30 −10
1 1 1
= −
v 10 30

1 −3−1
=
v 30

v = -7.5 cm
The negative sign indicates the virtual nature of the image.
The image is at a distance of 7.5 cm from lens (in front of lens).
−7.5
The magnification m = v

u
=
30

= 1

= +0.25
The positive sign with the magnification indicates that the image formed erect.
The size of the image is determined by h'.
′
h

h
=m
h' = h × m
= 2.5 × 0.25
= 0.625 m
Thus the image formed is virtual and erect. It is at a distance of 7.5 cm from lens and its size is 0.625 cm.
25. Many insecticides such as aldicarb, aldrin, chlorodane and dieldrin with many others have been banned in India due to their
harmful effects on life. These pesticides are non-biodegradable and get accumulated in the body of organisms and the
concentration of these chemicals increases with each trophic level, thus, killing a large number of organisms and putting various
health risks to others.
OR
Ozone is a form of oxygen. It is formed by three atoms of oxygen (Os), whereas normal oxygen molecule is diatomic (02).
Oxygen is essential for all aerobic forms of life and for combustion activities. Ozone, is a deadly poison. Very little of it is present
in lower part of the atmosphere called troposphere. In the stratosphere, ozone layer comprises high concentration of ozone some
18-26 km above. Ozone performs an essential function. It shields the surface of the earth from the harmful ultraviolet (UV)
radiation of the sun.
26. We rarely use concave lens as is usually supposed. We often use convexo concave lens or any other diverging lens.
Section C
27. (i) Na
(ii) Al, Zn, Fe
(iii) Mg
(iv) Na>Mg>Al>Zn>Fe>Cu
28. i. Carbon makes iron hard and strong.
ii. Mercury is alloyed with any other metal to make an amalgam.
iii. Zinc used to galvanize iron articles.
iv. Silver article when exposed to air from a black coating.
OR
a. Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewelry because of their bright shiny surface and high resistance to corrosion. Also
they have high malleability and ductility.

Page 11 of 16
 b. Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil to prevent their reaction with oxygen, moisture and carbon dioxide of air
so as to protect them.
c. Aluminum metal forms a thin layer of aluminum oxide all over its surface under the action of moist air. This layer prevents the
metal underneath from further corrosion. It is cheap, easily available, malleable and ductile. Therefore, it is used to make
utensils for cooking.
d. It is easier to obtain a metal from its oxides as compared to its sulphides and carbonates. So, prior to reduction, metal
carbonate and sulphides must be converted into metal oxides. A carbonate ore is converted into oxide by calcination whereas a
sulphide ore is converted into oxide by roasting.
e. When copper vessels are exposed to moist air, they form a green coating of basic copper carbonate [C uC O 3. C u(OH )2 ].
2C u + C O2 + O2 + H2 O → C uC O3 . C u(OH)
2
From Moistair Basic Copper Carbonate (Green)

The sour substances such as lemon or tamarind juice contain acids. Lemon juice contains citric acid and tamarind contains
tartaric acid. These acids dissolve the coating of copper oxide or basic copper carbonate present on the surface of tarnished
copper vessels and make them shining red-brown again.
29. Stomatal transpiration: The epidermis has minute pores called stomata. Each stoma is surrounded by two specialised epidermal
cells called guard cells. The guard cells are kidney-shaped, process chloroplasts and less elasticity. Adjacent to the epidermal cells,
their walls are thin and elastic. They are thickened near the openings. The stomata remain open in light and close in darkness.
Guard cells control the opening or closing of stomata.
The stomata form the chief pathway of transpiration. Though the relative total area of the stomatal pore is 1-2% of the total area of
the leaf, more transpiration takes place through these stomata only.

30. i. RR for homozygous pure round. And rr for homozygous pure wrinkle pea plant.
ii. Rr (hybrid) - heterozygous. All are round since round is dominant over wrinkled.
iii. 3:1 (phenotypic ratio), 1:2:1 (genotypic ratio) The name of this cross is monohybrid cross.
31. Atmospheric refraction:- The refraction of light caused by the earth's atmosphere (having their layers of varying optical
densities) is called atmospheric refraction.
Light from a star is refracted as it leaves space and enters the earth's atmosphere. Air higher up in the sky is rare but that near the
Earth's surface is denser. So, as the light from a star comes down the dense air bends the light more. Therefore, the apparent
position to the star is slightly different from its actual position.

32. a. Step 1: Given that:

Length(l) of the metal wire= 2m
Area of cross section (A) = 1.55 × 10-6m2
Resistivity(ρ ) of the metal= 2.8 × 10-8 Ω -m
Step 2: Calculation of resistance:
Resistance of a conductor is given by:
ρl
R= A

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 Thus, putting all the values, we get
−8
2.8× 10 Ω−m×2m
R= −6 2
1.55×10 m
−2

R= 5.6×10

1.55

R = 3.61 × 10-2Ω
Thus,
The resistance of the metal wire is 3.61 × 10-2Ω
b. Alloys are used in electrical heating devices rather than pure metals because the resistivity of an alloy is more than the
resistivity of pure metal. Also, the melting point of an alloy is high, so it does not melt or oxidize easily even at a higher
temperature.
33. i. Combined resistance of 100Ω , 50Ω and 500Ω in parallel
5+10+1 125
i.e. Rp is given by 1

RP
=
1

100
+
1

50
+
1

500
=
500
=
4
= 31.25

Resistance of electric iron = 31.25Ω

Current through electric iron = = V

R
220

31.25
= 7.04A

ii. Energy consumed E1 = P1t1 = 250 W × 1h = 250 J

S
× 3600s
E1 = 900000J
E2 = P2t2 = 12000W × 10 min
J
E2 = 1200 S
× 600s
E2 = 720000J
∴ 250Ω TV set consumes more energy.
Section D
34. i. Difference between soap and detergent:
Property Soap Detergent

Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain Detergents are the ammonium or sulphonate
Composition
carboxylic acids/ fatty acids salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.

Cleansing action Ca2+ and Mg2+ are present in hard water and forms Detergents work well with hard and soft water
in hard water insoluble substance (scum) with soap. both.

ii. Ethanol reacts with sodium metal to produce sodium ethoxide (CH3CH​​2​ ONa) and hydrogen gas. This salt is colourless and
soluble in water.
2N a + 2C H3 C H2 OH → 2C H3 C H2 ON a + H2
Ethanol Sodium ethoxide

The reaction is used to test the presence of ethanol or alcohol as hydrogen gas evolved during the reaction.
iii. Structure of cyclohexane:

iv. The name of the compound is ethanol.

OR
There are four isomers possible for the molecular formula C3H6O. These are as follows:
i. C H 3
C H2 C H O
Propanal

electron dot structure:

Page 13 of 16
 ii.

Prop - 2 - one
electron dot structure:

iii. C H 3 − C H = C H − OH
Prop - 1 - enol

electron dot structure:

iv. C H 2 = C H − C H2 − OH
Prop - 2 - enol

electron dot structure:

35. Budding, fragmentation and regeneration are all example of asexual reproduction because all of them involve only one parent.
Male and female gametes are not involved in the reproduction. Thus in all of the three process no variation is produced.
Planaria can be cut into any number of pieces and each piece grows into a complete organism. This process is known as
regeneration (see fig.) Regeneration is carried out by specialised cells known as neoblast ( adult stem cells ).
These cells proliferate and produce large numbers of cells. From this mass of cells, different cells undergo changes to become
various cell types and tissues, giving rise to whole new organism with same DNA content as its parent. These changes take place
in an organised manner referred to as development.

OR
i. The figure represents the phenomenon of phototropism i.e., response of plants to light.
ii. The plant hormone auxin is invoved in the phenomenon of phototropism.
iii. Plants show their growth towards light and this movement is caused by the action of auxin hormone. Auxin is synthesised by
the meristematic tissue which is present at the tip of shoot, roots etc. In the above figure the plant bends towards the light.
Auxin hormone is synthesised in the tip of the stem and moves towards the side of the plant not receiving light. Due to more

Page 14 of 16
 auxin hormone in the region of the plant that does not receive light they grew faster than the part that receives light. So the
stem bents towards the direction of light.
36. If u is the distance of object and v, the distance of image from optical centre of the lens, then focal length f is related to u and v by
1

f
=
1

v
− which is called lens formula. The formula is equally applicable to convex, concave or any other type of lens. (e.g.
1

concavo-convex, plano-convex, convexo-concave, plano-concave etc.)

Sign Conventions:
(1) The object is always placed to the left of the lens.
(2) All distances parallel to principal axis are measured from optical centre of the lens.
(3) All distance measured to the right of optical centre (along x-axis) are taken as positive while those measured to the left of
optical centre (along x-axis) are taken as negative.
(4) Distance measured perpendicular to and above the principal axis (along y axis) are taken as positive.
(5) Distance measure perpendicular to and below the principal axis (y'-axis) are taken as negative.
Assumptions (1) Object is taken on principal axis. (2) The lens is thin.
OR
Concave Mirror Convex Mirror

A concave mirror is made by silvering the outer surface of a A convex mirror is made by silvering the inner surface of a part
part of a hollow sphere and reflection takes place from the of a hollow sphere and reflection takes place from the outer
inner surface. bulging surface.

Concave mirrors are converging mirrors. The light rays A convex mirror is a diverging mirror. The light rays incident on
incident on a concave mirror converges after reflection. a convex mirror diverges after reflection.

The image formed by it is real as well as virtual depending on The image formed by it is always virtual for all positions of the
the position of the object from the mirror. object in front of the mirror.
Section E
37. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
The teacher while conducting practicals in the laboratory divided the students into three groups and gave them various solutions to
find out their pH and classify them into acidic, basic and neutral solutions.
Group A - Lemon juice, vinegar, colourless aerated drink
Group B - Tomato juice, coffee, ginger juice
Group C - Sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, lime water
(i) i. Groups A and B - less than 7
ii. Group C - greater than 7
(ii) pH paper and universal indicator.
OR
i. Copper vessel is tarnished due to formation of basic copper oxide.
ii. Lemon juice being acidic react with copper oxide and the salt formed is washed away.
38. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Fill a conical flask with water. Cover the neck of the flask with a wire mesh. keep two or three freshly germinated bean seeds on
the wire mesh. Take a cardboard box which is open from one side. Keep the flask a wire mesh. Kin the box in such a manner that
the open side of the box faces light coming from a window as shown in the given figure. After two or three days, you will notice
that the shoots bend towards light and roots away from light. Now turn the flask so that the shoots are away from light and the
roots towards the light. Leave it undisturbed in this condition for a few days. Plants show tropism in response to other stimuli as
well. The roots of a plant always grow downwards while the shoots usually grow upwards and away from the earth. This upward
and downward growth of shoots and roots, respectively, in response to the pull of earth or gravity, is obviously, geotropism.

Page 15 of 16
 (i) These activities show tropic movements in plants due to their growth.
(ii) Yes, old parts of the shoot and root change direction and there is a difference in the direction of new growth.
(iii)Movement is related to stimulus i.e. plant organs either move towards the source of stimulus or away from it. Stimuli
that cause movements in plants are gravity, light, touch, water, and chemical substances.
OR
Movements in the organs of a plant due to gravity are known as geotropism. This causes the roots to bend down towards
the soil.
39. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A student was asked to perform an experiment to study the force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. He took a
small aluminum rod AB, a strong horse shoe magnet, some connecting wires, a battery and a switch and connected them as
shown. He observed that on passing current, the rod gets displaced. On reversing the direction of current, the direction of
displacement also gets reversed. On the basis of your understanding of this phenomenon, answer the following questions :

(i) The displacement of the conductor is maximum when the direction of the current is at right angles to the direction of the
magnetic field.
(ii) The rule that determines the direction of the force on the conductor AB is Fleming's left-hand rule.
According to Fleming's left-hand rule, stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of your left hand such that they
are mutually perpendicular.
If the first finger points in the direction of the magnetic field and the second finger in the direction of current, then the
thumb will point in the direction of motion or force.
(iii) i. According to Fleming's left-hand rule, the rod will get displaced upwards.
ii. Devices that use current-carrying conductors and magnetic fields are electric motors, electric generators,
loudspeakers, microphones, etc.
OR

Page 16 of 16