Design and fabrication of pneumatic ramming machine

A PROJECT REPORT
on

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PNEUMATIC

RAMMING MACHINE
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
by

N. RANJITHA 22195A0306
K. PRAVEEN KUMAR 21191A0324
S. JEEVAN SAI REDDY 21191A0348
P. TEJESWINI 21191A0339
D. KALYAN KUMAR 21191A0310

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Dr. Y. RAMESWARA REDDY, [Link] , Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING PULIVENDULA (AUTONOMOUS),
PULIVENDULA, KADAPA DISTRICT (A.P) – 516390.
2021 - 2025

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Design and fabrication of pneumatic ramming machine

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING PULIVENDULA (AUTONOMOUS),
PULIVENDULA, KADAPA DISTRICT (A.P) – 516390.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
PNEUMATIC RAMMING MACHINE” is being submitted by

N. RANJITHA 22195A0306
K. PRAVEEN KUMAR 21191A0324
S. JEEVAN SAI REDDY 21191A0348
P. TEJESWINI 21191A0339
D. KALYAN KUMAR 21191A0310

in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY in Mechanical Engineering to JNTUA College of Engineering
(Autonomous), Pulivendula is bonafide work carried out by them under my guidance and
supervision. The results embodied in this project report have not been submitted to any other
University or Institute for the award of any degree.

Project Guide Head of the Department

Dr. Y. RAMESWARA REDDY, [Link] , Ph.D., Dr. V. VENUGOPAL REDDY, M.E, Ph.D,
Professor & Head,
Asst. Professor
Department of Mechanical Engg.,
Department of Mechanical Engg.,
JNTUA College of Engineering,
JNTUA College of Engineering,
Pulivendula – 516390.
Pulivendula – 516390.

Certified that the candidate was examined in the viva-voce examination held on ……....

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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Design and fabrication of pneumatic ramming machine

CONTENTS
CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO

Acknowledgements i.

Abstract ii.

List of figures Iii

List of tables IV

[Link] 3-9

1.1 conventional ramming machine 4

1.2 Introduction to pneumatic ramming machine 4

1.3 Need for mechanization in ramming 5

1.4 Principle of operation 6

1.5 Applications 8

1.6 Advantages of pneumatic ramming machine 9

1.7 Limitations 9

[Link] SURVEY 10-12

2.1 Summary 10

2.2 Conclusions from literature survey 12

3. PROBLEM DEFINITION 13

3.1 Objective 13

3.2 Scope of the project 13

4. METHODOLOGY 14

5. COMPONENTS 15-19

5.1 Double acting pneumatic cylinder 15

5.2 Compressor 16

5.3 Solenoid control valve 16

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5.4 Polyurethene tubes 18

5.5 Bed and frame 18

5.6 Lock nuts 18

5.7 Bolts 18

5.8 Piston 18

5.9 Piston rod 19

[Link] 22-29

6.1 Fabrication techniques 22

6.1.1 Material selection 22

6.1.2 cutting process 23
6.1.3 Arc welding 23
6.1.4 Drilling 25

[Link] 30

[Link] 31

[Link] 32-33

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

It is our immense pleasure to express gratitude to source of the exceptional personalities who
helped us and inspired us in completion of our project.
We wish to express sincere gratitude to our beloved Prof. [Link] VARDHAN garu,
Principal, JNTUACE Pulivendula for providing an opportunity and necessary facilities in
carrying out this project.
We wish to thank Prof. [Link] MAHESWARAMMA, Vice Principal of the college,
JNTUA college of Engineering (Autonomous),Pulivendula who has extended her support for
the success of this project.
We also wish to express our sincere thanks to Prof. V. VENU GOPAL REDDY garu, Head of
the Department, Mechanical Engineering, JNTUACE Pulivendula for his encouragement and
support that was extended towards this project.
We convey our sincere thanks to our faculty guide Dr. Y. RAMESWARA REDDY,
Asst. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, JNTUACE Pulivendula for his
valuable guidance and constant encouragement to bring out the present work to this shape.
Sincere thanks to all teaching faculty and non – teaching faculty members of the
department for their voluntary help, direct and indirect support extended to us, during the
course of work.
We are eternally grateful to our parents their affectionate cooperation and blessings for
this great achievement.
We are grateful to our friends for their helpful and fruitful discussions on various
aspects of this project.
With gratitude
N. RANJITHA 22195A0306
K. PRAVEEN KUMAR 21191A0324
S. JEEVAN SAI REDDY 21191A0348
P. TEJESWINI 21191A0339
[Link] KUMAR 21191A0310

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ABSTRACT

Molding is one of the important metals forming process in manufacturing components

for various applications in industry. Casting of any size and shape can be made accurately.

Automation in this field helps to improve the foundry environment and accuracy of the cast

parts. Efficiency of molding is affected by various parameters like permeability, collapsibility,

adhesiveness etc. So it is a must to avoid defects in casting. The defects occur in sand castings

post a great problem in foundry. On account of defects more than 10% castings are rejected.

Even though skilled labor is employed for ramming operation, the packing of molding sand

will not be even throughout the molding box. So we have selected the idea of fabricating

“PNEUMATIC RAMMER”. This rammer is operated pneumatically. By using this rammer

molding sand will be packed evenly throughout the box.

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

In industrial applications such as foundries, construction, manufacturing, and civil

engineering, the process of compaction or ramming plays a vital role in ensuring the strength,

dimensional accuracy, and surface finish of various products. Ramming involves compacting

loose or granular materials—such as molding sand, soil, or powdered metals—into a dense,

solid mass. A well-compacted material ensures durability, load-bearing capacity, and resistance

to environmental factors.

Traditionally, ramming operations were performed manually using handheld hammers

or rammers. Although simple, manual ramming is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and

inconsistent. The quality of compaction largely depends on the operator’s experience and

physical stamina, leading to variable results. In the context of mass production and modern

industry, such inconsistency is undesirable.

To address these shortcomings, mechanized solutions were developed, among which

the Pneumatic Ramming Machine has proven highly effective. By using compressed air as the

working medium, pneumatic ramming machines perform the task of ramming with precision,

uniform force, and greater speed, significantly improving both productivity and the quality of

compaction.

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1.1 Conventional Ramming Machine:

The cam is actuated by a user by rotating the handle, causing a cam to lift the weight

and let it fall freely on the frame attached to the ram head. This produces a standard

compacting action to a pre-measured amount of sand.

Variety of standard specimen for Green Sand and Silicate based (CO2) sand are

prepared using a sand rammer along with accessories. The sand rammer machine can be used

to measure compatibility of prepared sand by filling the specimen tube with prepared sand so

that it is level with the top of the tube. The tube is then placed under the ram head in the

shallow cup and rammed three times. Compatibility in percentage is then calculated from the

resultant height of the sand inside the specimen tube.

Fig 1.1: Conventional Ramming Machine

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Design and fabrication of pneumatic ramming machine

1.2 Introduction to Pneumatic Ramming Machine

A Pneumatic Ramming Machine is a mechanized device that uses the energy of

compressed air to achieve ramming or compacting action. It consists mainly of a pneumatic

cylinder, ramming tool, air compressor, control valves, and a supporting frame. In operation,

compressed air is introduced into the cylinder, pushing a piston that exerts a downward force

onto the material to be compacted.

This method allows for repeated high-speed impacts or vibrations, ensuring dense and

uniform compaction of materials. Pneumatic ramming machines are highly versatile and are

used for compacting molding sands in foundries, soil in construction projects, and granular

materials in manufacturing.

The machine’s adjustable parameters—such as air pressure, stroke rate, and impact force

—make it adaptable to different materials and working conditions, enhancing its applicability

across a range of industries.

1.3 Need for Mechanization in Ramming

Several factors highlight the importance of mechanizing the ramming process:

Quality Assurance: Manual ramming results in uneven density, affecting the structural

integrity of molds and castings.

Labor Shortage: Industries face a shortage of skilled manual labor willing to perform

repetitive, physically demanding tasks.

Productivity Requirements: With increased industrial output demands, manual methods are

too slow to meet production targets.

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Health and Safety: Repetitive manual ramming can cause long-term injuries such as carpal

tunnel syndrome and back problems.

By introducing a pneumatic system, industries can achieve faster operation, better quality

control, and reduced labor fatigue, ultimately resulting in cost savings and higher profitability.

1.4 Principle of Operation

The Pneumatic Ramming Machine operates on the basic principles of pneumatics, where

compressed air is used to generate mechanical motion. The general working cycle is described

as follows:

1. Compressed air from a compressor is directed into a cylinder via control valves.

2. The air pressure pushes a piston downward.

3. The piston movement drives the attached ramming tool to compact the material.

4. Once the stroke is completed, either a spring mechanism or a reverse air flow returns the

piston to its starting position.

5. This process is repeated at high frequencies to produce a vibratory and impact effect.

The amount of air pressure can be adjusted to regulate the ramming force, making the machine

flexible for a wide range of applications.

The compressed air goes to the flow control valve. The flow control valve is used to control the

flow of air. It is adjustable one. We have to adjust the lever, so that the required pressurized air

goes to the Solenoid Valve.

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Fig 1.2: Pneumatic Ramming Machine

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Fig 1.3: Proposed Work (BLOCK DIAGRAM)

1.5 Applications

The Pneumatic Ramming Machine finds applications in various sectors, including:

Foundries: Compacting molding sand around patterns in sand casting operations.

Construction Sites: Compaction of soil in trenches, foundations, and pavements.

Refractory Works: Packing refractory materials inside furnaces and kilns.

Mining and Tunnel Construction: Soil and gravel compaction in confined spaces.

Manufacturing: Compaction of powders in mold dies or packaging granular goods.

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1.6 Advantages of Pneumatic Ramming Machine

The advantages are numerous:

Uniform Compaction: Ensures even density throughout the material.

Time Efficiency: Reduces ramming time compared to manual methods.

High Productivity: Capable of operating continuously with minimal breaks.

Labor Saving: Reduces physical strain on operators, improving work conditions.

Adjustability: Air pressure and stroke settings can be adjusted for different materials.

Portability: Certain models are lightweight and can be moved easily.

Low Maintenance: Pneumatic systems generally have fewer moving parts than hydraulic or

electric systems

1.7 Limitations

Despite its benefits, the pneumatic ramming machine has some limitations:

Dependency on Compressor: Requires a continuous supply of compressed air.

Noise Levels: High noise during operation if not properly muffled.

Air Leakages: Can lead to inefficiencies if seals and joints are not properly maintained.

Initial Cost: Setting up a pneumatic system (compressor, hoses, valves) requires initial

investment.

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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Summary

An innovation in any field requires a proper study of existing. This helps in understanding

various current technologies, the precision, the advantages and disadvantages. The following

are the list of relevant published, patented and unpublished research around the world.

Aravith Kumar Annamalai (2017) conducted studies on the mechanical design of ramming

devices and emphasized the need for uniform compaction to reduce defects in castings. They

suggested that pneumatic systems offer better control over the force and frequency of ramming

compared to manual methods. Pneumatic ramming machines are designed to improve the

efficiency and consistency of sand compaction in foundry operations. Traditional manual

ramming is time-consuming, inconsistent, and labour-intensive. Automating this process using

pneumatic technology not only reduces human effort but also enhances the quality of the

mould, which directly affects casting outcomes. Early sand mould compaction relied on manual

ramming with hand tools. As industrial demand grew, mechanical and pneumatic methods were

developed. Pneumatic systems gained popularity due to their simplicity, low maintenance, and

availability of compressed air in most industrial setups.

Kare Rohan NandhKumar (2019) To further enhance precision and reduce human

intervention, some designs incorporate electronic control systems. For example, an automatic

pneumatic sand rammer developed integrates pneumatic actuation with an Arduino-based

control system, allowing for programmable ramming cycles and improved consistency.

proposed a design of a compact pneumatic rammer for small-scale foundries. Their work

highlighted cost-effectiveness and ease of maintenance, making it suitable for small and

medium enterprises

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T vani (Roll No: 31713292006) et al. (2021) A pneumatic ramming machine uses compressed

air to generate ramming force, a process often employed in foundry operations for compacting

sand moulds around patterns. The literature review on this topic, particularly by T. Vani, often

highlights the benefits of these machines in terms of speed, reduced labor requirements, and

cost-effectiveness. These advantages make them suitable for both large-scale and small-scale

industrial settings. These machines are commonly used in manufacturing industries, including

foundries, for producing various castings. They are suitable for both small and large-scale

operations due to their economic advantages and ease of use.

Naresh Ashok Jadhav et at. (2022) Pneumatic ramming machines are utilized in foundries to

compact moulding sand uniformly, enhancing the quality of sand castings. These machines

operate using compressed air to drive a piston or rammer, automating the ramming process that

was traditionally manual. The automation leads to consistent compaction, reduced labor costs,

and improved casting quality. This study focuses on automating the sand ramming process

using pneumatic systems controlled by Arduino-based electronics. The system aims to improve

the uniformity of sand compaction, reduce defects in castings, and enhance overall productivity

in foundries. This technical seminar report details the design aspects of a pneumatic ramming

machine, including the selection of components like pneumatic cylinders, solenoid valves, and

electronic control units. It emphasizes the advantages of pneumatic systems, such as safety,

cleanliness, and the infinite availability of air.

Shriram L et al. (2022) pneumatic ramming machine uses compressed air to force a ramming

tool into sand, uniformly packing it around a pattern for casting. This method offers advantages

over manual ramming, including speed, reduced labour requirements, and cost savings. The

machine typically includes a pneumatic cylinder, a rammer attached to the piston, and a control

system that regulates the ramming process. conducted studies on the mechanical design of

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G. kasinaidu et al. (2023) compared pneumatic and vibratory ramming techniques and

concluded that pneumatic systems offer superior mould density and fewer casting defects,

especially in intricate mould patterns. This machine utilizes a pneumatic cylinder, driven by

compressed air, to operate a ramming tool that compacts the sand. The process involves a

control unit, typically including a solenoid valve and electronic timing, to control the direction

and timing of the pneumatic cylinder's movement, ensuring consistent ramming pressure

Mohite Sakshi S et al. (2025) fabricated a semi-automatic pneumatic sand ramming machine

and demonstrated improvements in moulding time, consistency in mould hardness, and reduced

physical strain on workers. Uniform ramming of sand is obtained by this rammer. The time

consumption for ramming is reduced considerably. It eliminates more labour for ramming

operation and hence the labour cost is reduced. Skilled labour is not required to operate this

machine. Transportation of this machine is easy. Maintenance is also easy. The reduction of

production time and elimination of more labour for ramming operation reduce production cost,

thereby the economy is greatly achieved.

2.2 Conclusions from Literature Survey:

 The design and fabrication of a pneumatic ramming machine mark a significant

improvement over manual sand ramming in foundry operations.

 By utilizing compressed air as the driving force, the machine ensures uniform and

consistent compaction of moulding sand, leading to higher-quality castings with fewer

defects.

 It enhances productivity, reduces labour fatigue, and improves operational efficiency.

The system is also cost-effective and relatively easy to maintain compared to hydraulic

or mechanical alternatives.

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CHAPTER 3
PROBLEM DEFINITION
To overcome high labour intensity, inconsistent compaction, time consumption, and physical

fatigue associated with manual sand ramming processes in foundries, a pneumatically operated

ramming machine is proposed. This machine aims to improve efficiency, uniformity, and

productivity in mould preparation by automating the ramming process using pneumatic

actuation.

3.1 OBJECTIVES:

 To design and fabricate a compact and efficient pneumatically operated ramming

machine for foundry applications.

 To achieve consistent and uniform sand compaction with minimal human intervention.

 To control the ramming stroke and force through pneumatic cylinders and regulate

operation using control valves and limit switches.

3.2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

 Automate the sand ramming process traditionally performed manually in mould

preparation.

 Integration of a control system using limit switches to ensure accurate stroke control

and improve repeatability.

 Enhance worker safety, reduce manual effort, and improve productivity and quality

of moulds.

 Develop a cost-effective and energy-efficient solution suitable for small and

medium-scale foundries.

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CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

Literature Survey

Problem Statement

Material & components Collection

Fabrication

Design

Testing

Results

Conclusion

Fig 4.1: Methodology

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CHAPTER 5
COMPONENTS

5.1 DOUBLE ACTING PNEUMATIC CYLINDER

Pneumatic cylinders, particularly double-acting ones, are crucial components in

machinery, notably in ramming machine processes. They utilize compressed air for precise

bidirectional movements, driven by air pressure on both sides of the piston. In ramming

machine, these cylinders play a vital role in tasks such as sand ramming. By regulating airflow,

manufacturers can finely control the speed and extent of movements, ensuring accurate and

efficient operation throughout the manufacturing process.

Fig 5.1: Double Acting Cylinder

Number of Cylinders 1

Stroke Length 100mm

Bore 50mm

Operating Pressure 0.5 to 10 bar

Table 5.1: Specifications of double acting pneumatic cylinder

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5.2 COMPRESSOR:

A compressor is a machine that compresses air or another type of gas from a low inlet

pressure (usually atmospheric) to a higher desired pressure level. This is accomplished by

reducing the volume of the gas. Air compressors are generally positive displacement units.

Fig 5.2: Compressor

5.3 SOLINOID CONTROL VALVE:

The solenoid valve is responsible for reciprocating motion of the Ram. It is

electrically powered. The trip dogs actuate the solenoid valve.

Technical Data:

Size : ¼”

Pressure : 0 to 10 kg / cm2

Media : Air

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Working Principle:

Double acting cylinder are controlled by 2way 5 port two position valves as shown

in the fig. This valve has one inlet port (P), two cylinder ports (A and B), and two exhaust

ports (R and S).

Fig 5.3: Solenoid Valve

5.4 Polyurethene tubes:

Polyurethene tubes are used for transmission of pneumatic fluid i.e. compressed air.

Polyurethene combines the best properties of both plastic and rubber. It offers abrasion and

tear resistance, high tensile and elongation values, and low compression set.

Fig 5.4: Polyurethene Tubes

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5.5 Bed and Frame:

Frame is the structure used for supporting pneumatic cylinder and Bed is the structure

used for handling the material to be punched.

For bed

Materia Length(cm Width(cm Height(cm

l ) ) )

Mild 30 25 15

Steel

Table 5.2: Specifications of Bed

For frame

Materia Length(cm Width(cm Height(cm

l ) ) )

Mild 30 25 15

Steel

Table5.3: Specifications of Frame

5.6 Locknuts: A locknut, also known as a locking nut or self-locking nut, is a specialized type

of nut designed to resist loosening under vibrations or torque. These nuts incorporate a

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mechanism that provides a secure fit and helps prevent them from coming loose when

subjected to movement or stress.

Fig 5.6: Lock nuts

5.7 Bolts: A bolt is a cylindrical, threaded metal fastener designed to be used with a nut. It is

typically used to connect two or more objects together, creating a bolted joint. Bolts are

externally threaded and are tightened by turning a nut that is screwed onto the threaded

portion.

Fig 5.7: Bolts

5.8 Piston: It's a cylindrical part that moves up and down inside a cylinder. It helps transfer

force from expanding gas to mechanical work.

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Fig 5.8: Piston

5.9 Piston Rod: It's a rod connected to the piston. It carries the force from the piston to the

outside world (like moving parts of a machine).

Fig 5.9: Piston Rod

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CHAPTER 6
FABRICATION

6.1 FABTICATION TECHNIQUES

6.1.1 Material Selection

Careful material selection ensures durability, performance, and cost-effectiveness:

Mild Steel (MS) plates, rods, and channels are chosen for the machine's frame and body

because MS is strong, weldable, and affordable.

Hardened steel is used for the ramming head to resist wear due to repeated striking.

Pneumatic cylinder and piston can be made of aluminium (for light weight) or mild steel

(for strength).

Stainless steel is selected for pneumatic pipes and valves for corrosion resistance.

6.1.2 Cutting Process

All raw material pieces must be cut accurately according to the design dimensions:

Power Hacksaw or Angle Grinder is used to cut mild steel plates and rods to size.

Oxy-Acetylene Gas Cutting may be used for very thick sections.

Laser Cutting or Plasma Cutting is preferred if high precision (complex shapes) is required or

plates like the ram guide plate or base frame.

Brass or stainless steel is selected for pneumatic pipes and valves for corrosion resistance.

Used to machine cylindrical parts like the ram rod, piston rod, and bushes.

Turning, facing, threading operations are done here.

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6.1.3 Arc Welding

Electric arc welding is a widely utilized method for joining metallic components, where heat is

generated by an electric arc. An electric arc is a continuous flow of electrons passing through a

medium between two conductors of an electric circuit, accompanied by intense heat generation

and radiation.

Fig 6.1: Arc Welding

Electric arcs for welding are obtained in several ways:

1. Between a consumable electrode (which also supplies filler metal) and the workpiece.

2. Between a non-consumable electrode (e.g., carbon, graphite, or tungsten) and the workpiece.

3. Between two non-consumable electrodes.

The most common method is direct arc welding, where the arc is struck between an electrode

and the workpiece. Another method, called independent or indirect arc welding, involves

striking the arc between two non-consumable electrodes adjacent to the parts being welded, but

it is rarely used due to poor thermal efficiency. To strike an arc, the electrode is brought into

contact with the work at the welding point after connecting the work to the welding circuit.

After a brief contact, the electrode is immediately withdrawn to a distance of 2 to 4 mm from

the work. A relatively low potential difference is required to strike an arc, typically 40 to 45 V
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for DC and 50 to 60 V for AC. This voltage, available at the output terminals of a welding set

before the arc is struck, is known as open circuit voltage (OCV). The voltage drops after the arc

is established, usually to less than half of the OCV. A stable arc can be maintained between a

metal electrode and the work metal with a voltage.

6.1.4 Drilling

Drilling machines and lathe-type machine tools are commonly used to create new holes, while

boring machines, broaching machines, and grinders are primarily used to enlarge and finish

existing holes. Holes up to 80 mm in diameter can typically be machined from solid stock using

drilling machines and lathe-type machine tools, while larger holes are usually cut using special

drilling heads.

Fig 6.2: Drilling

When machining holes, certain requirements must be met:

1. Diameter Control: The diameter of the hole must fall within specified limits.

1. Straightness: The axis of the hole or its cylindrical surface must adhere to specified

straightness requirements.

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2. Cylindrical Shape: The hole must exhibit true cylindrical shape, without taper, ovality,

or form deviations.

3. Perpendicularity: The hole must be square to the faces of the part.

4. The drilling process is a widely used machining method for creating through or blind

holes in a workpiece. It involves the use of a drill, a multi-point cutting tool, which is

axially fed into the rotating workpiece held on the table of the drilling machine.

6.1.5 ASSMBLY PROCESS

Step-by-Step Assembly of the Pneumatic Ramming Machine:

Frame Construction:

The fabrication process begins with assembling the lightweight frame. High- strength

aluminum or composite materials are cut, welded, or bolted together to create the structural

base for the machine. The frame is designed to be both sturdy and compact, incorporating

foldable or detachable components where necessary.

Installation of the Pneumatic Cylinder:

The pneumatic cylinder, selected based on force and pressure requirements, is mounted to the

frame. This involves securing the cylinder to a rigid part of the frame, ensuring it is aligned

with the pressing platform. The cylinder must be firmly fixed to avoid misalignment during

operation.

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Mounting the Ramming Plate:

A pressing plate or tool head is attached to the end of the pneumatic piston. The plate is usually

made of hardened steel to withstand the high forces involved. It is aligned with the base plate,

where the material to be pressed will be positioned.

Fig 6.3: Ramming Machine

Compressor and Air Supply Setup:

A portable air compressor is connected to the pneumatic cylinder via air hoses. The compressor

is mounted either directly on the machine or configured as a detachable unit for easier

transport. The air supply lines are installed with care to prevent leaks and ensure smooth air

flow.

Design and calculations:

pressure available from the compressor = 70psi = 4.8 bar

Dia of the cylinder = 50mm = 5cm

Dia of the piston = 30mm

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length = 100mm

Area of the piston = π/4*D^2

= π/4*50^2

= 1963.49mm^2

Volume of air exhaust = stroke*area of piston

=100*1963.5

=196350mm^3

As pressure p = F/A

Outstroke force (f) = pressure*area of cylinder

=4.8*196350

= 4.8*10^5*0.001963

=941.47N

Area of piston rod = π/4*D^2

= π/4*8^2

= 50.26mm^2

Effective area(A) = piston area – piston rod area

= 1963.49-50.26

=1913.23mm^2

Instroke force f =P*A

=4.8*50.2

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= 241.248N

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CHAPTER 7

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

The rammer can be handled by an operator without feeling uneasiness. No separate skill is

required to operate this rammer. The operation is quick and hence it is a time saving one. The

operation is easy and consumes less cost. Due to the above reasons it finds its extensive

application in manufacturing industries. It has an extensive application in both large scale and

small scale industries because of its economy and easy handling. Strength uniform ramming

of sand is obtained by this rammer. The time consumption for ramming is reduced greatly.

Skilled labour is not required. Easy operation It can be transported easily from one place to

another since dismantling and assembling is simple. It reduces more labour for ramming

operation. Maintenance is easy.

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Department of mechanical engineering, JNTUACEP
Design and fabrication of pneumatic ramming machine

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
Uniform ramming of sand is obtained by this rammer. The time consumption for ramming is

reduced considerably. It eliminates more labour for ramming operation and hence the labour

cost is reduced. Skilled labour is not required to operate this machine. Transportation of this

machine is easy. Maintenance is also easy, The reduction of production time and elimination

of more labour for ramming operation reduce production cost, thereby the economy is greatly

achieved.

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Department of mechanical engineering, JNTUACEP
Design and fabrication of pneumatic ramming machine

REFERENCES

1. Khalil, A., Afzal, B., Khan, B., & Kaleem, M. North American Academic Research.

2. Chakma, S., Mohonto, B. C., Sorna, F. E., Hassan, M., & Alam, M. S. (2023). Design

and Fabrication of Automatic Pneumatic Ramming Machine (Doctoral dissertation,

Sonargoan University (SU)

3. Naresh Ashok Jadhav, Mukund Keshav Holkar and Swapnil Vasudeo Kasar

“Design and Fabrication of Penumatic Ramming machine”,International Journal of

Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)Volume

2, Issue 2, February 2022.

4. T. Vani (Roll No:31713292006), L. Kranti Kumar (317132920008),C. Sateesh Kumar

(Roll No:317132920026),P. Sai (317132920043),P. Teja (317132920052),CH. Bhanu

Sri. ” Design and Fabrication of Pneumatic Ramming Machine”, International

Journal of Research Publication and Reviews Vol (2) Issue (8) (2021) Page 402-405.

5. L. Shriram, N. Naveenkumar, D. Sundararaja, G. Surya, P. Thukkaiyannan.” Design

and Fabrication of Pneumatic Ramming Machine”, © May 2022 | IJIRT | Volume 8

Issue 12 | ISSN: 2349-6002.

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Department of mechanical engineering, JNTUACEP