Human Behavior-Voluntary or involuntary attitude of a person adopts in order to fit society’s idea of

right and wrong.

Viewpoints in the study of human behavior

1. Neurological- emphasizes human actions in relation to events taking place inside the body
especially the nervous system.
2. Behavorial- focuses on external activities
3. Cognitive- concerned with the way the brain process
4. Psychoanalytical- emphasizes unconscious motives
5. Humanistic- focuses on the subjects experience.

Factors that affect human behavior

Heredity- determined as genes

Environment- the conditions and factors that surrounds and influence an individual.

Learning- a process by which behavior changes as a result of experience or practice.

Causes of conflicts in Human Behavior

1. Physical Causes- refers to natural causes like typhoon

2. Social Conflicts- restrictions or rules in the home, in school
3. Economic conflicts- ones inability to acquire material things.

Classifications of human behavior

Two types of Human behavior

1. Inherited behavior- innate behavior refers to any behavioral response or reflex exhibited by
people.
2. Learned behavior- involves cognitive adaptation that enhances the human beings ability to cope
with changes.

Considerations for inherited behavior

1. Physical traits- human inherit physical traits from their parents, some physical traits known
hereditary are color and shape of the eyes.
2. Mental traits – the level of intelligence and special talents are inherited.

Considerations for learned behavior

1. Environment- social environment is important in shaping individual behavior and personality.

2. Training- includes social, educational, cultural and moral
3. Efforts of the will- inherited capacities are realized and intellectual opportunities are utilized.

Personality Dimensions that Affect Human Behavior

1. Extraversion- dimension that dictates conditionability and is therefore the principal factor in
anti-social behavior.
2. Neuroticism- innate biological predisposition to react physiologically to stressful or upsetting
events.
3. Psychoticism- characterized by cold cruelty, social insensitivity, disregard for danger.
Psychological Explanations for Human Behavior

1. The mind and its relationship to crime

2. Psychiatric approach- the field of medicine that specializes in the understanding, diagnosis,
treatments and prevention of mental problems.
3. Personality Theory- emotional conflict and personality deviation characterize many criminals.
4. Intelligence and crime- associated with the mental disorder approach is the linking of crime and
intelligence.
- A clear consistent link between criminality and low intelligence.
5. Cognitive Development Theory- this approach is based on the belief that the way in which
people organize their thoughts about rules and law.
6. Behavior Theory- basis for behavior modification, one approach used in institutionalized and
non-institutionalized settings for changing behavior.
- Believe that it is not the unconscious that is important but rather behavior that can be observed
and manipulated.
7. Learning Theory- acknowledges individual have physiological mechanisms that permit them to
behave aggressively.
1. External reinforcement
2. Vicarious reinforcement
3. Self regulatory mechanism

MENTAL DISORDERS

Normal persons

1. Free expression of personality

2. Adequate security feelings
3. Efficient contact with reality
4. Adaptability to group norms
5. Emotional maturity
6. Adequate self- knowledge
7. Integrated and consistent personality

Abnormal persons- when he fails to meet the characteristics of a normal person.

1. He may be compromised with reality

2. He may withdraw from the real world
3. The person may go to the other extreme and may become very aggressive towards other.

Symptoms of mental disorder

1. Physical
rapid changes in pulse
temperature
respiration
nausea
headaches

2. Mental – flights of fancy:

aphasia -loss of understanding
amnesia- loss of memory
phobias- strong irrational fears
kleptomania, pyromania- obsessions like end of the world.
False perceptions- illusions

3. Emotional-
worry
apathy
indifference
crying
refusal to eat
unnatural state of happiness
Several Types of Mental Disorders

1. Psychosomatic illness- implies an interrelationship of mind body and desire.

2. Psychoneurosis- a mild form of mental disorder
3. Psychoses- a serious mental and emotional disorder

FACTORS THAT AFFECT MENTAL DISORDERS

1. Heredity- family histories revealing mental illness

2. Incestuous Marriages- blood incompatibility of parents
3. Impaired vitality- mental worry, grief, physical strain and birth trauma may predispose a person
to mental disorder
4. Poor Moral Values Training and Breeding- improper breeding and poor moral values training
5. Psychic Factors- emotional disturbance such as love, hatred , passion
6. Physical factors
a. Non-toxic – exhaustion resulting from severe physical and mental strain
b. Toxic- produce excessive formation or deficient elimination of waste product
c.

Some manifestation of mental disorders

1. Cognition Disorder- Knowing

PERCEPTION DISORDER

a. Illusion- a false interpretation of external stimulus

b. Hallucination- an erroneous perception without an external object of stimulus

2. MEMORY DISORDER
a. Dementia- resulting from the degeneration or disorder of the brain.
b. Amnesia- loss of memory

Two kinds

- Anterograde amnesia- loss of memory of recent events

- Retrograde amnesia- loss of memory of past events

3. CONTENT OF THOUGHT DISORDERS

a. Delusion- false or erroneous belief in something which is not a fact.
b. Obsession- thoughts and impulses which continually occur in the persons mind despite
attempts to keep them out

4. TREND OF THOUGHT DISORDER

a. Mania- a state of excitement accompanied by exaltation or feeling of well being
b. Melancholia- intense feeling of depression and misery

Emotional Disorder- feeling

a. Exaltation- feeling of unwarranted well being and happiness

b. Depression- feeling of miserable thought
c. Apathy- serious disregard for the surroundings
d. Phobia- excessive irrational and uncontrollable fear of perfectly natural situation
- Fear of specific situation
- Fear of places
- Fear of illness and death
- Fear of specific objects

Volition Disorder- Conation

a. Impulsion- sudden and irresistible force compelling a person to the conscious performance
b. Compulsion – not included in the manifestation of mental disorders

Classical Types of Mental Deficiencies

1. Idiot- congenital and due to defective development development of mental faculties

2. Imbecile- he cannot manage his own affairs
 3. Feeble minded- a person whose mental defect although not amounting to imbecility.
4. Morally defective – devoid of a moral sense
- Live today for tomorrow we die, live fast and die young
- It is only happiness that counts

Classifications of mental retardation

1. Profound- IQ is under 20 and capable at most limited self help

2. Severe- IQ is between 20 and 35 and capable of habit-training as a child
3. Moderate- IQ is 36-51 and can develop academic skills equal to about the 2nd grade level
4. Mild- IQ is 56 to 67 and constitute the largest group of mentally retarded.

Classification of mental Deficiencies

1. Severe Abnormality- a state arrested or incomplete development of mind which include

abnormality of intelligence
2. Sub- Normality- a states arrested of mind not amounting to severe abnormality

Other conditions manifesting mental disturbance

1. Somnambulism- abnormal mental condition whereby a person performs an act while sleeping.
2. Semisomnolence or somnolencia- when he is half asleep or a condition between sleep and being
awake.
3. Hypnotism or mesmerism- a person is made unconscious by the suggestive influence of a
hypnotist.
4. Delirium- a state of confusion of the mind. It is characterized incoherent speech

Diagnostic Categories of mentally-disturbed persons

1. Anti-social personality- opposed to principles upon which society is based

A person with an anti social personality is also known as:

a. Sociopath- person lacks any sense of social or moral responsibility

b. Psychopath- personality disorder characterized by anti-social behavior, indifference to
immorality
- Classic manipulator
- Absence of conscience
- Not incorporated the moral values
- Glib and convincing speaker
- Selfish and strive for physical pleasure
- Manipulating people
- Impulsive and demands immediate satisfaction
- Unable to learn from past experiences
- Chronic liar

2. Paranoid-Schizophrenic- mental disease resembling paranoia, autistic behavior

- Out of touch of reality

Primary symptoms

Hallucinations- involve hearing and seeing things that are not really there.

Delusions- false system of beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary.

3. Inadequate personality – who does not fit a particular purpose

- Ineffective and inept responses to social , emotional and physical stresses
- High school dropout
- Loser
- Taking hostages
4. Manic- Depressive- alternating accounts of mania and depression
- Depressed and out of touch of reality
- Unworthy to live
- Potential for suicide
- Take hostages
- Speaks about unworthiness