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Digestive System Functions & Processes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the digestive system, detailing the functions and enzymes of various digestive organs including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. It outlines the processes of digestion, absorption, and transport for carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, highlighting the main sites for each and the end products. Additionally, it includes a labeled diagram of the digestive system for visual reference.

Uploaded by

Chelsea Noreen Torrente
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5 views3 pages

Digestive System Functions & Processes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the digestive system, detailing the functions and enzymes of various digestive organs including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. It outlines the processes of digestion, absorption, and transport for carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, highlighting the main sites for each and the end products. Additionally, it includes a labeled diagram of the digestive system for visual reference.

Uploaded by

Chelsea Noreen Torrente
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Digestive System: Full Overview

Functions and Enzymes of Digestive Organs

Organ Detailed Function and Enzymes

Mouth Performs mechanical digestion (chewing). Salivary glands release salivary

amylase, which begins the digestion of starch.

Esophagus Transports food from the mouth to the stomach via muscular contractions called

peristalsis. No digestion occurs here.

Stomach Secretes gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the enzyme pepsin.

Begins digestion of proteins and churns food into chyme.

Small Intestine Main site of digestion and absorption. Enzymes from pancreas (amylase, lipase,

proteases) and bile from liver aid in digesting carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Large Intestine Absorbs water, salts, and vitamins. Houses gut bacteria that ferment undigested

materials. Forms and stores feces.

Rectum Stores feces temporarily before elimination through the anus.

Liver (Accessory) Produces bile, which emulsifies fats to aid lipid digestion.

Gallbladder (Accessory) Stores and releases bile into the small intestine when fats are present.

Pancreas (Accessory) Releases pancreatic juice into the small intestine. Contains enzymes: amylase

(carbs), lipase (fats), and proteases like trypsin and chymotrypsin (proteins).
Digestive System: Full Overview

Comparison: Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

Process Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids

Start of Digestion Mouth


Small-Stomach
intestine
salivary amylase
- pepsin
bile & lipase

Main Site of Digestion Small intestine (pancreatic

Small amylase)
intestine (bile
(trypsin,
+ lipase)
etc.)

End Products Monosaccharides


Amino acids, dipeptides,

Fatty acidstripeptides
and monoglycerides

Absorption Site Small


Small
intestine
intestine
(villi/microvilli)
(villi/microvilli)

Transport Capillaries
Capillaries
Lacteals
-> Blood
->->Blood
Lymph
-> Liver
-> ->
Liver

Bloodstream
Digestive System: Full Overview

Labeled Diagram of the Digestive System

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