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Understanding the ATP-ADP Cycle

The document discusses the ATP-ADP cycle and the concept of Gibbs free energy, highlighting the role of ATP as an energy source in coupled reactions. It explains the distinction between monomers and polymers, the process of hydrolysis, and the various types of cellular work facilitated by ATP, including chemical, transport, and mechanical work. Additionally, it covers the importance of chlorophyll and other pigments in absorbing light, particularly why plants appear green due to the reflection of green light.

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myca lima
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2 views4 pages

Understanding the ATP-ADP Cycle

The document discusses the ATP-ADP cycle and the concept of Gibbs free energy, highlighting the role of ATP as an energy source in coupled reactions. It explains the distinction between monomers and polymers, the process of hydrolysis, and the various types of cellular work facilitated by ATP, including chemical, transport, and mechanical work. Additionally, it covers the importance of chlorophyll and other pigments in absorbing light, particularly why plants appear green due to the reflection of green light.

Uploaded by

myca lima
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Lesson 2: ATP-ADP Cycle

J. Willard Gibbs Coupled Reaction Processes


J. Willard Gibbs a professor at Yale
(1878), proposed the idea of Gibbs ★​ refers to the type of chemical
free energy, or simply free energy, of reactions that involves the
a system which is symbolized by the transfer of energy from one
letter G. side of the reaction to the
other side with the involvement
of some specific intermediates.
Coupled reactions are chemical
reactions joined together. One
reaction pushes the second
reaction to occur.
★​ ATP acts as the fuel or the
energy source for these various
processes to occur. The cell
utilizes the coupling of
exergonic and endergonic
reactions in its cellular work
with the involvement of ATP.

Chemical Work

includes the pushing of endergonic


reactions that are non-spontaneous
such as the synthesis of polymers
from monomers.

Monomers and Polymers


1.​ Monomers: small molecules,
mostly organic, that can join
with other similar molecules to
form very large molecules or
polymers.
Lesson 2: ATP-ADP Cycle
❖​ ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
contains the sugar ribose, with
the nitrogenous base adenine
and a chain of three phosphate
2.​ Polymers: are a class of groups bonded to it.
synthetic substances
composed of multiples of
simpler units called monomers.
Polymers are chains with an
unspecified number of
Hydrolysis
monomeric units.
➔​ refers to the reaction which
involves water. The terminal
phosphate bond in ATP is
successfully broken, upon the
Transport Work
addition of a water molecule.
The propelling of substances across
membranes against the direction of
spontaneous movement.

Mechanical Work Involvement of ATP in Cellular

Works
The whipping of cilia, the contraction
of muscle cells, and the movement of
chromosomes during cellular division.

The Structure and Hydrolysis of ATP


Lesson 2: ATP-ADP Cycle
The ATP Cycle

An example of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction: is the


breakdown of sucrose catalyzed by enzyme sucrase

Importance of Chlorophyll and Other

Pigments
Lesson 2: ATP-ADP Cycle
★​ Pigments refer to substances
that have the ability to absorb
visible light. Different
pigments absorb different
wavelengths. When the
wavelengths are not absorbed
they can either be reflected
or transmitted. Leaves appear
to be green in color due to the
chlorophyll reflecting and
transmitting green light.

Why do some plants appear green?


★​ Green plants are green
because they contain a
pigment called chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll absorbs certain
wavelengths of light within the
visible light spectrum. As
shown in detail in the
absorption spectra, chlorophyll
absorbs light in the red (long
wavelength) and the blue
(short wavelength) regions of
the visible light spectrum.
Green light is not absorbed
but reflected, making the
plant appear green.

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