Formula sheet

1 1 ~ = 1E~ ×B
~ ~ = 1S ~ ~ · n̂ > n̂ unit vector normal to the surface
u= (E 2 + B 2 ) S P I =< S
2 µ µ c2

√
1 µ0 0 c ω dω
v= √ =c √ = v = vphase = vgroup =
µ µ n k dk

~ 0 exp i(~k · ~x − ωt)

~ =E
E ~ = k n̂ × E
B ~ 0 exp i(~k · ~x − ωt) ~k = kn̂ n̂ a unit vector in direction of propagation
ω

1
I= vE02
2

     2  2
E0R α−β E0T 2 α−β 2
= = R= T = αβ
E0I α+β E0I α+β α+β α+β

     2  2
E0R 1 − αβ E0T 2 1 − αβ 2
= = R= T = αβ
E0I 1 + αβ E0I 1 + αβ 1 + αβ 1 + αβ

cos θT µ1 v1 sin θT n1 n2
α= β= θR = θI = tan θB =
cos θI µ2 v2 sin θI n2 n1

r "r # 21 r "r # 12
i µ  σ 2 1 µ  σ 2
k̃ 2 = µω 2 + iµσω k̃ = k + = K exp iφ k=ω 1+ +1 =ω 1+ −1
δ 2 ω δ 2 ω

!  
E0R 1 − β̃ E0T 2 µ1 v1
= = β̃ = k̃2
E0I 1 + β̃ E0I 1 + β̃ µ2 ω

Ne q 2 c2 µ0 Ne q 2 Ne q 2
σp = i c2 k 2 = ω 2 − ωp2 ωp2 = =
mω m m0

iv 2 iv 2
Ex = (k∂x Ez + ω∂y Bz ) Ey = (k∂y Ez − ω∂x Bz )
ω2 − v2 k2 ω2 − v2 k2

iv 2 ω iv 2 ω
Bx = (k∂x Bz − 2 ∂y Ez ) By = (k∂y Bz + 2 ∂x Ez )
ω2 − v2 k2 v ω2 − v2 k2 v

mπx nπy mπx nπy

Bz = B0 cos( ) cos( ) exp i(kz − ωt) Ez = E0 sin( ) sin( ) exp i(kz − ωt)
a b a b

r
2 2 2 2 m 2 n
v k =ω − ωmn ωmn = vπ ( ) + ( )2
a b
 ∂V ∂I ∂V ∂I 1 ρ
C =− = −L − RI LC = R=
∂t ∂z ∂z ∂t v2 A

0 0

3 0 ρ(~
x 0
, t − |~x−~ x|
) ~
3 0 J(~
x , t − |~x−~
0 x|
)
Z Z Z
1 ~ x, t) = µ0
V (~x, t) = d x c
A(~ d x c
p~(t) = d3 x0 ρ(x0 , t)~x0
4π0 |~x − ~x0 | 4π |~x − ~x0 |

Z
~ x, t) ∼ µ0 ~ x, t) ∼ µ0 ~ x, t) ∼ µ0 1 2 ¨2
E(~ = [(r̂ · p~¨)r̂ − p~¨] B(~ =− [r̂ × p~¨] S(~ = ( ) [p~ − (r̂ · p~¨)2 ]r̂ < P >= ~ · r̂ > dA
<S
4πr 4πrc c 4πr

~ x, t) = q R ~ × (~u × ~a)] ~ x, t) = 1 R
~ × E(~x, t) µ0 q 2 < a2 >
E(~ [(c2 − v 2 )~u + R B(~ < P >=
~ · ~u)3
4π0 (R c 6πc

~ = ~x − w(tr )
R ~u = cR̂ − ~v (tr ) c(t − tr ) = R

v
t̄ = γ(t − x)
c2
x̄ = γ(x − vt)
ȳ = y
z̄ = z

x̄0
  0
γ −γβ 0 0 x
  
x̄  −γβ γ 0 0 x1 
1
x̄2  =  0 0 1 0 x2 
3
x̄ 0 0 0 1 x3

Ēx = Ex Ēy = γ(Ey − vBz ) Ēz = γ(Ez + vBy )

v v
B̄x = Bx B̄y = γ(By + 2 Ez ) B̄z = γ(Ez − 2 Ey )
c c