7.
Describe the psychosocial development of the toddler in relation to social
engagement, temperament, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety, moral development,
and spirituality. pg 332-334
● Toddlers learn to be independent but still need emotional support. They may get
frustrated because they are learning that their actions affect others, and they
have to wait for things.
● Scared of the dark
● want to be independent, but still get upset when separated from their parents.
● Temperament: Toddlers have different personalities, which affect how they
react to things around them. Some may have tantrums often, and it’s important
to deal with them by giving them choices and not giving in to the tantrum.
● Socialization and Moral Development (Kohlberg): They are learning the
difference between right and wrong. They understand consequences like
punishment or rewards. Stranger Anxiety: They can can get scared of
strangers. To help them feel comfortable, caregivers should approach calmly
and allow the toddler to get used to the new person gradually.
● Spirituality: At this stage, they are not deeply spiritual, they begin to develop a
sense of belonging within the family and start to understand the roles of others
in their lives.
8. Analyze the importance of discipline for the toddler and how anticipatory guidance
can be used. 335
Discipline is really important for toddlers because it helps them learn what’s right and
wrong. Since they’re still learning how to control their big feelings, like frustration, they
can throw tantrums.
Anticipatory guidance helps caregivers get ready for when these situations happen, so
they can handle the behavior calmly and teach the toddler the right way to act.
9. Describe child abuse during the toddler developmental period including assessment
and interventions. pg 344
Child abuse is when a child is hurt on purpose or neglected, leading to physical harm,
emotional trauma, or even death. Toddlers are at high risk of physical abuse. Child
abuse can be physical, emotional, verbal, or sexual. Neglect, like not taking care of a
child's medical or emotional needs, is also a form of abuse.
To prevent child abuse , we can
Offer parenting classes for new or young parents.
Encourage families to get support, like respite care or parenting help.
Educate parents to prevent things like shaken baby syndrome.
When abuse is suspected, as nurses we need to:
● Observe the child's injuries (type, location, and severity).
● Compare the injury with the story given by the parents.
● Document everything carefully.
● Look for signs like failure to thrive, which could indicate neglect.
● Follow the hospital's rules for reporting abuse, including taking photos if
needed.
Interventions:
● We can emoving them from harmful situations.
● Provide emotional support for the child and family.
● Involve professionals like social workers to support the family.
10. Describe the phenomenon of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is often first
noticed in the toddler developmental period. 344
The AS) is a condition that usually shows up in children before they are 3 years old. It
can make it hard for them to talk, play with others, or understand feelings. Every child
with ASD is different, but the common signs are:
● Trouble talking and understanding
● Hard time making friends
● Repeating actions:
Children with ASD can have different levels of intelligence. Some might be very smart,
while others may have a harder time with learning:
Boys are more likely to have ASD than girls, and sometimes it can go along with other
health problems, like seizures.