Geometry
Go Metron
Earth
·
measure
* some undefined terms : -
- -
X-
>
-
point : -
used to locate position of an object
-
Represented by fin dot of pencil-
>
-
Plane :- It is a flat surface that extends infinitely in
all directions .
Exai-surface of smooth wall , whiteboard etc.
>
-
Day :
-
unidirectional movement of a point .
On Ray OA
----------
·
& A
-Line :-
dimensional
It is a one
Figure , defined by
an infinite set of points extending in two opposite dir?
Exas-crease of a paper ,
meeting place of two walls .
Some
* Geometrical concept : -
---
>
-
Axioms :- The basic facts taken for granted ,
without
proof are called axioms .
.
Exai-Halves of equal are equal
>
-
statements : -
A sentence that can be
judged to be true
or false is called a sentence.
Exai-sum
of interior triangle is always
angles of a
equal to 180 :
> Theorems : -A statement that requires a proof
-
Exai-In
right angled triangle square of the side ,
opposite to right angle is always equal to sum of
-
*
the square of remaining two sides
.
carstament withan easil a
>
e
-
made from ends of diameter
Exa:
-Every angle a is
to go :
always equal
It is a conclusion or proposition based
conjecture :
-
>
-
on incomplete information
for which no proof has been ,
Found .
airEveryeven integergreaterthantwoisths
Interior points A, D ,
C, E B
, .
line't' + f
V
- x X
A
· · B
um
Line Segment AB/FB
* distance blu any two points ALB is
length of
line segment AB .
* points lies on a same line ,
are called Collinear points
.
&B collinear.
Here points A ,
D C E
, ,
are
A C &B are collinear then
If ,
< · & &
Y
Ac + 2 B = AB
A C B
* concurrentlines:-Three or more than three lines
- X
passing through a common point.
aP
-q
T point of concurrency
#
·-f
I
O
L &
S
w
*
Intersecting Lines :
-Two lines called
intersecting if
they've only one common point alw them.
T T
·
>
-
Intersection point
↓
~
*
Parallelines :- Lines which
having no common point blw them.
q
[
-P
-I
Here 111m/I4
and lines .
g
P2q are
transversal lines .
& -m
* Ifl11m & m/lp = 111P
X -n
X I
*
c incident, likes : -Lines
passing through each other
infinite point
-
and
having common
G
>
A
<didioms another.
to the same
thing are
equa
one
(ii) If equal are added to equals ,
the wholes are equal .
(iii) If equal are subtracted from equals , the remainders
are equal.
liv) the
things thatcoincide with another are
one
equal to
one another-
(v) The whole is
greater than the part .
(vi) The
things that are double of the same
thing are equal
to one another.
(vii) The thing that are halves of the same
thing are
equal
to one another.
(idpostules an
/
from any one point
to any other point .
(ii) A terminated line or a line
segment can be produced
infinitely
. ------ -------
·
iii) A circle can be drawn with any centre and of
any radius .
(iv) All
right angles are equal to one another.
-P
[VS * If < 180
X > l I+ , by
then
3) I extending lines 'I' I'm on right
[
4
/ 72
im
side
they'll intersect and
Vice-versa for 13 + 141180
:
but if L + 22 = 180 13 +4 = ·
then lines'I'I'm never meets each other hence
& /Im .
denm collection of infinite number of points
.
infinite of lines can be drawn. .
givenpoint
·
no
through
-
>
-
a ,
7
q
Y · > 8
⑧
points
w
>
-
Given two distinct , there is one and
only one line
that contains both the points
.
a n
-
·
P &
· · >
m
>
l
*with propertie
inA collinear a common initial point.
rays
win degree unle - final positiona
90'
↓ R A =
(degree) Anticlockwise
- -
seconds
t =
60 Minutes nitial position a
" =
60
-final position
*
Types & Angles : -
If
>
00 90 - Acute . O
Angle
-
>
>
O 90- -90
Right Angle
-
O
go o 180 Obtuse
Angle
L
>
< >
-
-
0 180
Straight Angle
-
>
-
= 180 >
-
180 O < &
>
360 Reflex Angle
-
-
>
①
Angle
> 360
=
complete
-
-
Angle
Axioms#isapoint then
*
Addition
CT n
MLBAC = MLBAX + MLXAC .
A ·
M
verter B >
*
Someother
anges : -
&
Here
complementary Angles
> T
:
-
2 L + 12 = go
-t >
-Supplementary Angles
:
Here L + (2 + 13
:
= 180
BT , C
-ba F2
Here
>
VaticallyoppositAges
: =
-
13 =
↓ 2
A / D
traine
#propertiesof . .
9 Here ,
(t)
Y
↓ > P
Ecointerior Angles ?
Eco-exterior Angles 3
X
. -q
E corresponding Angles 3
Y interior
E Alternate Angless
& Alternate exterior Angless
Adjacentages
* called adjacent
:
Two angles are
-
A -
Angles if ,
i (i) they've same vertex
.
(ii) they've a common Arm.
T (iii) non-common arms on either side
of the common Arm.
Exa : find the measure of angle if six times its
-
- an ,
complement is 12 less than twice its supplement
.
so
-
Let required angle be then
complement of supplement of h= ( + 80 4)
'
=
(90-v) &
-
=> 6(90 1) 2( +80 4)
:
-
= -
-
12 ·
) K= 48
: Find If ABIIDE ?
-
>a ExtendedAbto poin. . .
-B
-
>
A
=> LBFC (180 :120%
:
= = 60
= 180 -
10 % ) = 50
:
:
C LBCF Answer
·
=
180 (60 +80% = 10 -