Solutions
Solutions — Version 2
R ex
1. Find derivative of: h(x) = 1
(ln2 t + 2 ln t) dt
By Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and Chain Rule:
d x
h′ (x) = (ln2 (ex ) + 2 ln(ex )) · (e ) = (x2 + 2x) · ex
dx
Answer: h′ (x) = ex (x2 + 2x)
2. Euler’s Method for y ′ = y + xy, y(0) = 2, h = 0.2
Use f (x, y) = y(1 + x)
x0 = 0, y0 = 2y1 = y0 +hf (x0 , y0 ) = 2+0.2(2) = 2.4y2 = y1 +hf (0.2, y1 ) = 2.4+0.2(2.4)(1.2) = 2.4+0.
Answer: y(0.6) ≈ 3.81
R∞
3. Improper Integral: 2 ye−3y dy
Use integration by parts:
Z
1 1
ye−3y dy = − ye−3y − e−3y
3 9
Evaluate from 2 to :
1 −3b 1 −3b 1 −6 1 −6 2 1 −6
lim − be − e + (2)e + e = + e
b→∞ 3 9 3 9 3 9
7 −6
Answer: 9e
√ dy
4. Solve: x + 3y 2 x2 + 1 dx =0
Rearrange:
dy x x
=− √ ⇒ 3y 2 dy = − √ dx
dx 2 2
3y x + 1 2
x +1
Integrate:
Z Z
2 x p
3y dy = − √ dx ⇒ y 3 = −2 x2 + 1 + C
x2 + 1
Apply y(0) = 1 ⇒ 1 = −2(1) + C ⇒ C = 3
√
Answer: y 3 = −2 x2 + 1 + 3
5. Tangent Plane: z = cos(2xy 2 ) + 3xy, point (0, 2, 4)
Compute partials:
zx = − sin(2xy 2 ) · 2y 2 + 3y, zy = − sin(2xy 2 ) · 4xy + 3x
At (0, 2): zx = 3 · 2 = 6, zy = 0
Equation:
z − 4 = 6(x − 0) + 0(y − 2) ⇒ z = 6x + 4
Answer: z = 6x + 4
x
6. Power series: (1+x)2
1
P∞ n n−1
Use known identity: (1+x)2 = n=1 (−1) nx
P∞
Multiply by x ⇒ n=1 (−1)n nxn
P∞ n n
Answer: n=1 (−1) nx , Radius R = 1, Interval: (−1, 1)
7. Solve IVP: y ′ = x cos x
4y 3 , y(0) = 1
Separate variables:
Z Z
4y 3 dy = x cos x dx ⇒ 4y 3 dy = x cos xdx
LHS: y 4 =
RHS: Use integration by parts:
Z
x cos xdx = x sin x + cos x
y 4 = x sin x + cos x + C
Initial condition: y(0) = 1 ⇒ 1 = 0 + 1 + C ⇒ C = 0
Answer: y 4 = x sin x + cos x
8. Maclaurin series for xe−2x
P∞ n
Use: e−2x = n=0 (−2x)
n!
∞
X (−2)n xn+1 4x4
xe−2x = = x − 2x2 + 2x3 − + ···
n=0
n! 3
4x4 4x5
First five terms: x − 2x2 + 2x3 − 3 + 3
Interval of convergence: (−∞, ∞)
9. Absolute max/min of f (x, y) = x + y − xy on triangle with vertices
(0, 0), (0, 2), (4, 0)
Critical point: fx = 1 − y = 0 ⇒ y = 1, fy = 1 − x = 0 ⇒ x = 1
Check feasible region: point (1, 1) ∈ triangle
f (0, 0) = 0, f (0, 2) = 2, f (4, 0) = 4, f (1, 1) = 1
Answer: Max = 4 at (4, 0), Min = 0 at (0, 0)
2
P∞ (x−2)n
10. Power Series: n=2 3n ln n
Use Ratio Test:
(x − 2)n+1 3n ln n x−2
lim · =
n→∞ 3n+1 ln(n + 1) (x − 2)n 3
So radius R = 3
Answer: Radius R = 3, Interval: (−1, 5), check endpoints separately
Bonus Question
Maximize/minimize f (x, y) = 3x + y subject to x2 + y 2 = 10
Use Lagrange multipliers:
3 1
∇f = λ∇g ⇒ (3, 1) = λ(2x, 2y) ⇒ x = , y=
2λ 2λ
Substitute into constraint:
2 2
3 1 9+1 10 1 1
+ = 10 ⇒ = 10 ⇒ λ2 = = ⇒λ=±
2λ 2λ 4λ2 4 · 10 4 2
Then: x = 3, y = 1 or x = −3, y = −1
f (3, 1) = 10, f (−3, −1) = −10
Answer: Max = 10 at (3, 1), Min = -10 at (−3, −1)