beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  116

cÂg Aa¨vq
gvwëwgwWqv I MÖvwd·

cvV m¤úwK©Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welqvw`

 gvwëwgwWqv : gvwëwgwWqv n‡jv gvby‡li wewfbœ cÖKvk gva¨‡gi mgš^q| GwU mPivPi
wWwRUvj h‡š¿i mnvqZvq aviY ev cwiPvjb Kiv hvq| GwU mivmwi g‡Â cÖ`wk©Z n‡Z cv‡i ev
Ab¨iƒ‡c mivmwi m¤cÖPvwiZI n‡Z cv‡i|
 wWwRUvj cÖKvkbv : Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖKvkbv GLbI KvMRwbf©i n‡jI GKzk kZ‡K Aek¨B
evsjv‡`‡kI wWwRUvj cÖKvkbvi kZK n‡e|
 gvwëwgwWqv Kb‡U›Um †W‡fjcvi : whwb †U·U, MÖvwd·, AwWI, wfwWI, Gwb‡gkb
BZ¨vw` wb‡q whwb KvR K‡ib wZwbB gvwëwgwWqv Kb‡U›Um †W‡fjcvi|
 gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U : mfv, †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Kg©kvjv BZ¨vw`‡Z
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AvKl©Yxq Ges Kvh©Kifv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ cvIqvi c‡q›U bv‡gi
mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Kiv nq| GwU n‡”Q gvB‡µvmdU Awd‡mi AšÍfz©³ GKwU mdUIq¨vi hv‡K
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨viI ejv n‡q _v‡K|
 G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc : Kw¤úDUvi Qwe m¤úv`bvi Rb¨ G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvgwU eZ©gv‡b
wek¦e¨vcx RbwcÖq| Qwe, Qwei †Kv‡bv As‡ki J¾¡j¨ evov‡bv, Kgv‡bv, GKvwaK Qwei mgš^‡q
eB‡qi cÖ”Q`, †cv÷vi BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kiv, Qwei AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask †K‡U †djv, Qwei `vM ev ÎæwU
gy‡Q †djv BZ¨vw`| AviI wewfbœ KvR G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvg w`‡q Kiv hvq|
Abykxjbxi cÖ‡kœvËi

1. gvwëwgwWqv KqwU cÖKvk gva¨‡gi  i I ii L i I iii

mgš^‡q MwVZ? M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

K1 L 2 wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 5 I 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

3 N4 `vI :
2. gvwëwgwWqvi e¨envi Kiv nq iwKe GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi cÖavb Kg©KZ©v|
†KvbwU‡Z? AvMvgxKvj we‡`k †_‡K GK`j cwi`k©K Zvi
K we`¨vj‡qi djvdj cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z †Kv¤úvwb cwi`k©‡b Avm‡e| wZwb Zuvi j¨vcU‡c
L evRv‡ii wnmve Ki‡Z e‡m wVK Ki‡Qb AwZw_‡`i Zuvi †Kv¤úvwb
M wµ‡KU †Ljvi ivb wnmve Ki‡Z m¤ú‡K© Kx Kx †`Lv‡eb| G Kv‡R wZwb GKwU
 A¨vwb‡gkb Pjw”PÎ ˆZwi‡Z mdUIq¨v‡ii mvnvh¨ wb‡jb|
3. †KvbwU gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨vi? 5. we‡`wk AwZw_‡`i mvg‡b Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨
K gvB‡µvmdU IqvW©  gvB‡µvmdU iwKe mv‡n‡ei Rb¨ †Kvb mdUIq¨viwU
cvIqvic‡q›U e¨envi myweavRbK?
M gvB‡µvmdU G‡·j N gvB‡µvmdU K gvB‡µvmdU IqvW©  gvB‡µvmdU

A¨vK‡mm cvIqvic‡q›U
4. gvwëwgwWqvi cÖ‡qvMÑ M gvB‡µvmdU G‡·j N gvB‡µvmdU

i. eY© ev †U·U-Gi cÖKvk‡K AvKl©Yxq K‡i A¨vK‡mm

Zz‡j‡Q 6. iwKe mv‡ne †h mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Ki‡eb
ii. gy`ªY I cÖKvkbvi KvR‡K mnR K‡i‡Q Zv‡ZÑ
iii. wnmv‡ei KvR‡K mnR K‡i‡Q i. A¨vwb‡gkb e¨envi K‡i Dc¯’vcb‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? AvKl©Yxq Kiv hv‡e
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  117
ii. kã I wfwWI e¨envi K‡i †Kv¤úvwbi Kvh©µg e¨env‡ii Dci wbf©ikxjÕ- Dw³wUi
†`Lv‡bv hv‡e †hŠw³KZv e¨vL¨v Ki|
iii. †Kv¤úvwbi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve Kiv hv‡e
DËi : Avgv‡`i †`‡ki eZ©gvb cÖKvkbv wkí
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
m¤ú~Y©fv‡e MÖvwd· mdUIq¨vi e¨env‡ii Ici
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wbf©ikxj| Avi G‡¶‡Î eûj e¨eüZ mdUIq¨viwU
cÖkœ \ 7 \ †Kv‡bv wKQz Dc¯’vc‡bi †ÿ‡Î
n‡”Q G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi| G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨v‡ii ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki|
n‡”Q g~jZ Qwe AvuKv, bKkv cÖYqb Kiv,
DËi : eZ©gvb mgq n‡”Q Z_¨ wewbgq Ges †jv‡Mv ˆZwi Kiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ wWRvBb ˆZwi
Z‡_¨i cÖevn AevwiZ K‡i gvbeZvi Kj¨vY Kivi †cÖvMÖvg| G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc
wbwðZ Kivi hyM| GLb RvZxq Ges †cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ †hgb wWRvB‡bi KvR
AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡qi M‡elK, wk¶vwe`, Kivi my‡hvM LyeB mxwgZ, †Zgwb G‡Wvwe
mgvRKg©x Ges †ckvRxex‡`i g‡a¨ Z_¨ Bjv‡÷ªU‡i Qwe m¤úv`bvi my‡hvM cÖvq †bB
wewbgq ev Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi ej‡jB P‡j| Bjv‡÷ªU‡ii cÖavb KvRB n‡”Q A¼b
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡ jvf Ki‡Q| mKj wk‡íi KvR|
cÖKvi Z‡_¨i fvÊvi mK‡ji Rb¨ mnRjf¨ Kivi
Avgv‡`i †`‡k Mí, KweZv, Dcb¨vm, cÖeÜ
D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖwZwbqZ mfv, †mwgbvi-
BZ¨vw` cÖKvkbvi cÖ”Q` ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨
wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Kg©kvjv BZ¨vw`i Av‡qvRb
wkíxiv GLb is Zzwji e¨envi †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb
Kiv n‡”Q| G‡Z mswkó mevB Zv‡`i wbR wbR
ej‡jB P‡j| G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi e¨envi K‡iB GLb
Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î nvjbvMv` Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ
Zuviv cÖ”Q` ˆZwii KvR K‡i _v‡Kb| Avgš¿YcÎ,
_vKvi my‡hvM cv‡”Qb|
weÁvcb BZ¨vw` †QvU-eo KvRmn wewfbœ
mfv, †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Kg©kvjv AvKv‡ii †cv÷vi, wekvj AvKv‡ii e¨vbvi,
BZ¨vw`‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AvKl©Yxq wej‡evW© BZ¨vw` ˆZwii KvR GLb Bjv‡÷ªUi
Ges Kvh©Kifv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ Qvov fvevB hvq bv|
wewfbœ †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Kiv
Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi K‡i wWRvB‡bi KvR Kivi
nq|
Rb¨ AviI A‡bK †cÖvMÖvg i‡q‡Q| wKš‘, Kv‡Ri
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨vi Gi mvnv‡h¨ †jLv, myweav Ges ˆewP‡Î¨i Rb¨ Bjv‡÷ªU‡ii
Qwe, AwWI, wfwWI, MÖvd BZ¨vw`i mgš^‡q Pvwn`v †ewk| Gme Kvi‡Y, Bjv‡÷ªUi
AvKl©Yxqfv‡e Z_¨vw` Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| †cÖvMÖvgwU eZ©gv‡b wek¦e¨vcx RbwcÖq|
cÖK…Zc‡¶ mfv, †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqvg,
Bjv‡÷ªUi †cÖvMÖv‡g Bs‡iwR I evsjv
Kg©kvjv BZ¨vw`‡Z Kvh©Kifv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb
†jLv‡jwLi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii Kx‡evW© e¨envi
Kivi Rb¨ G mdUIq¨viwUi weKí †bB ej‡jB P‡j|
Kiv Qvov wkíxi Zzwj w`‡q †jLvi g‡Zv K‡iI
GRb¨B mfv, †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqvg,
†jLv‡jwLi KvR Kiv hvq| †jLvi c‡i A¶i ev
Kg©kvjv BZ¨vw`‡Z Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨
A¶img~‡ni AvKvi Ges AvK…wZ †hfv‡e B”Qv
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨vi AZ¨šÍ ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|
ev cÖ‡qvRb †mfv‡eB cwieZ©b K‡i †bIqv
cÖkœ \ 8 \ ÔeZ©gv‡b cÖKvkbv wkí hvq| Gme bvbv iKg myweavi Kvi‡Y
m¤ú~Y©fv‡e MÖvwd· mdUIq¨vi ÔeZ©gv‡b cÖKvkbv wkí m¤ú~Y©fv‡e
MÖvwd· mdUIq¨vi e¨env‡ii Ici wbf©ikxjÕ|
AwZwi³ enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi

†dmeyK L wmwW
gvwëwgwWqvi aviYv  c„ôv : 63 K
 wgwWqv N Qwe

 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb 10. Avgiv hLb A‡bK¸‡jv cÖKvk gva¨g‡K

wb‡q K_v ewj ZLb Zv‡K Kx wn‡m‡e
cÖ‡kœvËi
wPwýZ K‡i _vwK? (Ávb)
9. Avw`Kvj †_‡KB gvbyl wb‡R‡K cÖKvk  gvwëwgwWqv L B›Uvi‡bU wgwWqv
Kivi Rb¨ †KvbwU e¨envi K‡i‡Q? (Ávb) M wcÖw›Us wgwWqv N B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  118
11. gvwjwUwgwWqvi gva¨g¸‡jvi eûwea 21. gvby‡li wewfbœ cÖKvk gva¨‡gi mgš^q
e¨env‡ii KviY Kx? (Abyaveb) †KvbwU? (Ávb)
K B›Uvi‡bU I GbvjM hy‡Mi Avwef©ve K Kw¤úDUvi L †Uwjwfkb
L wWwRUvj hy‡Mi Aemvb I cÖhyw³i weKvk M wcÖ›U wgwWqv  gvwëwgwWqv
M mvgvwRK †bUIqvK© I cÖhyw³i Dbœqb 22. Avgiv AšÍZ KqwU gva¨g e¨envi K‡i
 mf¨Zvi weeZ©b I cÖhyw³i weKvk wb‡R‡`i g‡bi fve cÖKvk Kwi? (Ávb)
12. Avgiv GLb †Kvb hy‡M emevm KiwQ? K2  3 M4 N 5
(Ávb) 23. wisKz Zvi †QvU †evb wgZz‡K
K Kw¤úDUvi L ¯§vU©‡dvb gvwëwgwWqvi GKwU D`vniY w`‡Z Pvq|
 wWwRUvj N GbvjM G‡¶‡Î †m †Kvb gva¨gwUi bvg D‡jL Ki‡Z
13. †Kvb hy‡M emevm Kivq Avgv‡`i cÖKvk cv‡i? (cÖ‡qvM)
gva¨‡gi aib e`‡j †M‡Q? (Ávb) K †iwWI  †Uwjwfkb M cÖKvkbv
K Avw`g L AvaywbK N `~iex¶Y hš¿
M eZ©gvb  wWwRUvj 24. B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv †KvbwU?
14. GbvjM hy‡Mi wgwWqv¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© (Ávb)
†KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) K †iwWI L wfwWI
K wWwRUvj hy‡M AcwiewZ©Z i‡q‡Q M wm‡bgv  wfwWI †Mgm
L wWwRUvj hy‡M e¨eüZ n‡”Q bv 25. gvwëwgwWqv‡K mPivPi wK‡mi
M wWwRUvj hy‡Mi cÖavb cÖKvk gva¨g mnvqZvq aviY ev cwiPvjb Kiv hvq?(Ávb)
 wWwRUvj hy‡Mi cÖavb cÖKvk gva¨g bq  wWwRUvj hš¿ L GbvjM hš¿
15. GbvjM hy‡Mi cyi‡bv wgwWqv¸‡jv G hy‡M M AvaywbK hš¿ N B‡bv‡fwUf hš¿
Kxfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q? (Abyaveb) 26. gvwëwgwWqv welqe¯‘ aviY I cwiPvjbv
K GKB iKgfv‡e L GKK gva¨g wn‡m‡e Kivi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv B‡j±ªwbK hš¿‡K
 e¨envi gvÎv e`wj‡q N e¨envi gvÎv wVK †i‡L KL‡bv KL‡bv Kx bv‡g wPwýZ Kiv n‡q
16. GbvjM h‡š¿i cyi‡bv wgwWqvq Kx hy³ _v‡K? (Ávb)
n‡q‡Q? (Ávb) K wcÖ›U wgwWqv L B‡j±ªwbK wgwWqv
K GbvjM h‡š¿i †cÖvMÖvwgs Kivi ¶gZv M †ccvi wgwWqv  gvwëwgwWqv
 wWwRUvj h‡š¿i †cÖvMÖvwgs Kivi ¶gZv 27. gvwëwgwWqvi welqe¯‘ aviY I cwiPvjbv
M GbvjM h‡š¿i cÖ‡mwms Kivi ¶gZv Kivi B‡jKUªwbK hš¿‡K KL‡bv KL‡bv Kx
N GbvjM h‡š¿i B›UviA¨vKwUf ¶gZv bv‡g wPwýZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K? (Ávb)
17. wWwRUvj h‡š¿i ˆewkó¨ †KvbwU? K wWwRUvj hš¿  gvwëwgwWqv
(Abyaveb) M wcÖ›UwgwWqv N GbvjM e·
†cÖvMÖvwgs Kivi ¶gZv i‡q‡Q
 28. †Kv‡bv GKwU Kg©Kv‡Ê KqwU gva¨g‡K
L we`y¨r Drcv`b Kivi ¶gZv i‡q‡Q GKmv‡_ e¨envi Kiv‡K gvwëwgwWqv
M GbvjM ms‡KZ e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i e‡j? (Ávb)
N wbR Kg©¶gZv wb‡RB e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i K2  3 M4 N 5
18. Avgiv GLb eû wgwWqv‡K Zvi eûgvwÎK I 29. †mvnvbv eviv›`vq e‡m †gvevBj †dv‡b
†cÖvMÖvwgs ¶gZvi Rb¨ Kx ejwQ?(Ávb) †Mgm †Lj‡Q| Zvi we‡bv`b gva¨gwU‡K
 B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv L Avgiv Kx ej‡Z cvwi? (cÖ‡qvM)
B›UviKv‡b‡±W gvwëwgwWqv K A¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv L BDRvi
M B›UviwgwWqvg gvwëwgwWqv N gvwëwgwWqv
B›Uvi‡bU gvwëwgwWqv M B‡jKUªwbK gvwëwgwWqv 
19. GK K_vq gvwëwgwWqv gv‡b Kx? (Ávb) B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv
 eûgva¨g L msev` gva¨g 30. wm‡bgv ev Pjw”PÎ D™¢e nq KZ mv‡j?
M cÖKvk gva¨g N ¯^í gva¨g (Ávb)
20. eû gva¨g hvi mv‡_ e¨enviKvix 1890
K L 1892
†hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K Kx e‡j? 1895
 N 1897
(Abyaveb) 31. †Kvb kZvãxi †klw`‡K gvwëwgwWqvi
K †cÖvMÖvwgs gvwëwgwWqv L WvB‡i± D™¢e N‡U? (Ávb)
gvwëwgwWqv K †lvok L mß`k
M B‡bv‡fkb gvwëwgwWqv   Ebwesk N wesk
B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv 32. AvR‡Ki w`‡bi gvwëwgwWqvi c~e©cyi“l
ej‡Z †KvbwU‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z n‡e? (Ávb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  119
K wcÖ›Uvi LbvUK 39. eY©, wPÎ, kã Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Avwef~©Z
M †iwWI  wm‡bgv nq
i. Zv‡`i wewfbœ iƒc wb‡q
 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK ii. KL‡bv Avjv`vfv‡e
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi iii. KL‡bv GKmv‡_

33. cÖKvk gva¨g n‡jvÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)

i. †jLv K i I ii L i I iii

ii. kã M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

iii. wPÎ 40. gvwëwgwWqvi D`vniY n‡jvÑ

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) i. †Uwjwfkb

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii ii. wfwWI †Mgm

34. gvwëwgwWqv gva¨g¸‡jvi eûwea e¨envi iii. KvM‡Ri cÖKvkbv

n‡q Avm‡Q- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

i. mf¨Zvi weeZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y (Abyaveb)

ii. cÖhyw³i Dbœq‡bi Kvi‡Y  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

iii. wkÿvi nvi n«v‡mi Kvi‡Y 41. mvwgiv‡K B›UviA¨vKwUf

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? gvwëwgwWqvi K‡qKwU D`vniY w`‡Z
(Abyaveb) n‡e| G‡¶‡Î †m D‡jL Ki‡Z cv‡iÑ
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. I‡qe †cR

35. GbvjM hy‡Mi wgwWqv¸‡jv wWwRUvj ii. wfwWI †Mgm

hy‡MÑ iii. wk¶vg~jK mdUIq¨vi

i. cÖavb cÖKvk gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

ii. wewfbœ gva¨‡gi mv‡_ GK‡Î e¨eüZ n‡”Q (cÖ‡qvM)

iii. e¨env‡ii gvÎv e`wj‡q‡Q Ki I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 42. gvwëwgwWqv wWwRUvj h‡š¿i

(Abyaveb) mnvqZvqÑ
Ki I ii L i I iii i. aviY Kiv hvq

 ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. cÖ‡mwms Kiv hvq

36. eû wgwWqv‡K Avgiv B›UviA¨vKwUf iii. cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq

gvwëwgwWqv ejwQÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

i. Zvi eûgvwÎKZvi Rb¨ (D”PZi `¶Zv)

ii. Zvi cÖ‡mwms ¶gZvi Rb¨ Ki I ii L i I iii

iii. Zvi †cÖvMÖvwgs ¶gZvi Rb¨ M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) 43. gvwëwgwWqv mivmwiÑ

K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. g‡Â cÖ`wk©Z n‡Z cv‡i

37. eZ©gvb mg‡q e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPwjZ kã ii. Ab¨iƒ‡c m¤cÖPvwiZ n‡Z cv‡i

n‡”QÑ iii. e¨enviKvixi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i

i. †cÖvMÖvwgs wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

ii. gvwëwgwWqv (Abyaveb)

iii. B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 44. wewfbœ gva¨‡gi ci¯úi msjMœ nIqvi

(Abyaveb) e¨vcviwU NU‡Z _v‡KÑ
Ki I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. Pjw”P‡Î eY© hy³ nIqvq

38. Avgiv wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kivi †¶‡Î e¨envi ii. Pjw”P‡Î kã hy³ nIqvq

KwiÑ iii. Pjw”P‡Î PjgvbZv hy³ nIqvq

i. eY© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

ii. wPÎ (Abyaveb)

iii. kã Ki I ii L i I iii

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

(Abyaveb)
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
Ki I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
cÖ‡kœvËi
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  120
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 45 I 46 bs cÖ‡kœi †jLv‡jwLi Kv‡R N Z_¨ msi¶‡Y
DËi `vI : 52. Avwidv‡K cÖwZw`b wewfbœ ai‡bi
ivweŸ Wªwqsi“‡g e‡m wUwf‡Z KvUz©b †`LwQj| †jLv‡jwLi KvR Ki‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î Zvi Rb¨
nVvr Zvi evev cwÎKv nv‡Z wb‡q †mLv‡b Av‡m †Kvb hš¿vwU e¨envi Kiv me‡P‡q
Ges wUwf eÜ K‡i ivweŸ‡K co‡Z em‡Z e‡j| myweavRbK? (cÖ‡qvM)
45. ivweŸi we‡bv`b gva¨gwU‡K Kx ejv hvq? K d¨v· †gwkb L UvBc ivBUvi
(cÖ‡qvM)  Kw¤úDUvi N †gvevBj †dvb
K wcÖ›U wgwWqv  gvwëwgwWqv 53. wewfbœ KvR Kivi Rb¨ ïi“‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡i
M DBRvi wgwWqv N B›UviA¨vKwUf KqwU wgwWqv e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡Zv?(Ávb)
wgwWqv  GK L `yB M wZb N Pvi
46. D³ wgwWqvwU MwVZ n‡q‡Q 54. ïiæ‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi KvR Kivi Rb¨
i. e‡Y©i mgš^‡q Kw¤úDUv‡i †Kvb gva¨gwU e¨eüZ n‡Zv?
ii. k‡ãi mgš^‡q (cÖ‡qvM)
iii. wP‡Îi mgš^‡q eY©
 L wPÎ M kã N Z_¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 55. †KvbwUi †cÖvMÖvwgs Kivi ¶gZv i‡q‡Q?
(D”PZi `¶Zv) (Ávb)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii †jRvi †mÝi
K L BKzqvjvBRvi
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 47 I 48 bs cÖ‡kœi Kw¤úDUvi
 N K¨vjKz‡jUi
DËi `vI : 56. Kw¤úDUvi gvwëwgwWqv Øviv †h
AvR wiqv‡bi ¯‹zj eÜ| †m Nyg †_‡K I‡V bv¯Ív †L‡q B›UviA¨vKwUf AwfÁZv †evSvq Zvi
†nvg IqvK© K‡i GLb wfwWI †Mgm †Lj‡Q| †Ljvq Dcv`vb KqwU? (Ávb)
wewfbœ KgvÛ w`‡Z †m Pvi evU‡bi GKwU K GK L `yB  wZb N Pvi
Kxc¨vW e¨envi Ki‡Q| 57. GLbKvi gvwëwgwWqvi AwfÁZv †Kgb?
47. wiqv‡bi we‡bv`b gva¨gwU †Kvb cÖKvi (Abyaveb)
gvwëwgwWqvi AšÍfy©³? (cÖ‡qvM) K AZx‡Zi PvB‡Z wbgœgv‡bi  AZx‡Zi
K IqvbmvB‡WW L AvDUviA¨vKwUf PvB‡Z A‡bK mg„×
M b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR  B›UviA¨vKwUf M AZx‡Zi PvB‡Z A‡bK ÎæwUc~Y© N
48. D³ gvwëwgwWqvi †¶‡Î (D”PZi `¶Zv) AZx‡Zi Zzjbvq ˆewPΨnxb
i. cQ›`g‡Zv BbcyU †`qv hvq 58. mviv c„w_ex‡Z GLb cÖPwjZ aviYv I
ii. AvDUcy‡U Qwe, kã, wfwWI †h‡Kv‡bvwU cÖPwjZ hš¿cvwZ‡K †KvbwU w`‡q
cvIqv hvq ¯’jvwfwl³ Kivi cÖeYZv †`Lv hv‡”Q?(Ávb)
iii. Av‡iKwU D`vniY n‡jv wk¶vg~jK mdUIq¨vi K wcÖ›Uvi  Kw¤úDUvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M ¯‹¨vbvi N B›Uvi‡bU
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 59. mviv `ywbqv‡Z †U·‡Ui hveZxq KvR GLb
†Kvb h‡š¿ n‡q _v‡K? (Ávb)
gvwëwgwWqvi gva¨gmg~n   Kw¤úDUvi L KvW© wiWvi
c„ôv : 6365 M UvBcivBUvi N †jRvi wcÖ›Uvi
60. Awdm Av`vjZ †_‡K †ckv`vwi gy`ªY
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb ch©šÍ me©ÎB GLb Kx e¨eüZ n‡”Q?(Ávb)
cÖ‡kœvËi K d¨v· †gwkb L UvBcivBUvi
 Kw¤úDUvi N d‡UvUvBc‡mUvi
49. me‡P‡q RbwcÖq wWwRUvj
hš¿ †KvbwU? (Ávb)
61. gy`ªY I cÖKvkbvq †KvbwUi e¨envi
 Kw¤úDUvi L wmwW‡cqvi
wbi¼zk? (Ávb)
K UvBcivBUvi L d‡UvUvBc‡mUvi
M †jRvi †mÝi N w_ªwWwUwf
 Kw¤úDUvi N B›Uvi‡bU
50. wb‡Pi †KvbwU MYbv hš¿ ev
wnmvewbKvk Kivi hš¿ wn‡m‡eB 62. `ywbqvi me©ÎB MÖvwd· ˆZwi, m¤úv`bv
mgwaK cwiwPZ n‡q Avm‡Q? (Ávb)
BZ¨vw` hveZxq KvR †Kvb hš¿ e¨envi
K K¨vjKy‡jUi  Kw¤úDUvi
K‡i Kiv nq? (Ávb)
K d‡Uv‡mUvi L UvBcivBUvi
M wcÖ›Uvi N UvBcivBUvi
M wcÖ›Uvi  Kw¤úDUvi
51. eZ©gv‡b †Kvb †¶‡Î Kw¤úDUvi hš¿wU
e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q? (Abyaveb)
63. gy`ªY cÖKvkbvq MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi
K wnmve wbKv‡k L Z_¨ cvivcv‡i
†ÿ‡Î Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨envi ïiæ nq †Kvb
`k‡K? (Ávb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  121
K lvU L mËi RbwcÖqZv n«vm cv‡”Q
M N cÖKvkbv
M Avwk  beŸB RM‡Z mxgve×
64. gy`ªY cÖKvkbvq MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi 77. †Kv_vq A¨vwb‡gkb GKwU wcÖq welq?
†¶‡Î Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨envi ïi“ nq †Kvb (cÖ‡qvM)
mdUIq¨vi w`‡q? (Ávb) K msev`c‡Î L wcÖ›U wgwWqvq
K I‡cb †mvm©IqvW© L GgGm G‡·j  weÁvc‡b N gy`ªY I cÖKvkbvq
 d‡Uvkc N GgGm Awdm 78. Avgv‡`i †`‡k †Kvb wel‡q KvR Kivi †jv‡Ki
65. †Kvb hš¿wU µgk wWRvBb Ges MÖvwd‡· Afve i‡q‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM)
RvqMv K‡i wb‡”Q? (Ávb) K weÁvc‡b L cÖKvkbvq
K †jRvi †mÝi L UvBcivBUvi M wm‡bgvq  A¨vwb‡gk‡b
M †UwjwcÖ›Uvi  Kw¤úDUvi 79. †KvbwU KLbB †Kej GKK wgwWqv wn‡m‡e
66. †KvbwU cÖ¯‘Z nIqvq MÖvwd· Zvi wbi¼zk e¨eüZ nq bv? (Ávb)
AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi Ki‡Q? (Ávb) K wfwWI L AwWI
K Gw›U MÖvwd· mdUIq¨vi  A¨vwb‡gkb N wmMb¨vj
L B›UviMÖvwd· mdUIq¨vi 80. wb‡Pi †KvbwU MÖvwd‡·i GKwU iƒc?(Ávb)
M B›UviKv‡b‡±W gvwëwgwWqv K †U·U  wm‡bgv M B›Uvi‡bU
 B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨vi N wmMb¨vj
67. wK‡mi e¨envi Avgv‡`i †`‡k we¯Í…Z 81. †Kvb `yBwUi ga¨Kvi cÖhyw³MZ cv_©K¨
n‡”Q? (cÖ‡qvM) GLb K‡g Avm‡Q? (cÖ‡qvM)
K UvBcivBUvi L d¨v· †gwkb  wfwWI I wm‡bgv L kã I wm‡bgv
 B›Uvi‡bU N †Uwj‡dvb M AwWI I wfwWI N wm‡bgv I AwWI
68. †KvbwU µgk kû‡i wejvwmZv †_‡K 82. kã †iKW©, m¤úv`bv BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î mviv
MÖv‡gi gvby‡liI cÖ‡qvRb n‡q DV‡Q? `ywbqv GLb wK‡mi Ici wbf©i K‡i?(Ávb)
(Ávb) K †gvevBj †dvb L †Uwjwfkb
 B›Uvi‡bU L Kw¤úDUvi M ivWvi  Kw¤úDUvi
M †gvevBj †dvb N d¨v· †gwkb 83. mvDÛ BwÄwbqvwis-G †Kvb c×wZ GLb
69. wfwWI Kvh©Z Kx? (Ávb) Kvh©Z m¤ú~Y© APj n‡q c‡o‡Q? (Ávb)
K †U·U  MÖvwd· K wWwRUvj  GbvjM M wWmwµU
M A¨vwb‡gkb N eY© N wm‡÷‡gwUK
70. †KvbwU Pjgvb MÖvwd·? (Ávb) 84. Bgivb †kL GKRb mvDÛ BwÄwbqvi|
 wfwWI L AwWI wZwb B‡”Q Ki‡j †Kvb hš¿wU e¨envi K‡i
M †U·U N †jRvi DbœZgv‡bi mvDÛ †iKwW©s Ki‡Z
71. wek¦Ry‡o †KvbwU GKwU mycÖwZwôZ cvi‡eb? (cÖ‡qvM)
wgwWqv? (Ávb)  Kw¤úDUvi L †gvevBj †dvb
 AwWI L wfwWI M †UwjwcÖ›Uvi N B‡jKwUªK wMUvi
M †Uc N †U·U 85. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb mdUIq¨vi cÖ¯‘Z nIqv †Kej
72. wek¦Ry‡o wfwWI GbvjM †_‡K wK‡m ïiæ n‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡”Q? (Ávb)  gvwëwgwWqv L Gw›UfvBivm
K AwWI‡Z L †jRvi iwk¥‡Z M gvwëWvq‡gbkb N c¨v‡KR
 wWwRUv‡j N A¨vwb‡gk‡b 86. †Kvb kZ‡K evsjv‡`‡k gvwëwgwWqv
73. †KvbwU GbvjM †_‡K wWwRUvj n‡q mdUIq¨vi e¨vcKfv‡e ˆZwi n‡e e‡j Avkv
hv‡”Q? (Ávb) Kiv n‡”Q? (Ávb)
K wfwWI aviY L wfwWI m¤úv`bv  GKzk L evBk M †ZBk N cuwPk
M wfwWI msi¶Y  wfwWI cÖPvi 87. Avgv‡`i cÖKvkbv Kx wbf©i? (Ávb)
74. A¨vwb‡gkb GK ai‡bi Kx? (Ávb) K cÖhyw³  KvMR
 MÖvwd· L †U·U M †jRvi N M Kw¤úDUvi N B›Uvi‡bU
AwWI 88. †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡k wWwRUvj cÖKvkbvi
75. †KvbwU Pjgvb ev w¯’i n‡Z cv‡i? (Ávb) kZK n‡e? (Ávb)
K †U·U L AwWI  GKzk kZK L evBk kZK
M wfwWI  A¨vwb‡gkb M †ZBk kZK N PweŸk kZK
76. Avgv‡`i †`‡k A¨vwb‡gk‡bi e¨envi m¤ú‡K© 89. whwb †U·U, MÖvwd·, AwWI, wfwWI,
†Kvb Z_¨wU mwVK? (Abyaveb) A¨vwb‡gkb BZ¨vw` wb‡q KvR K‡ib Zv‡K
 µgk e¨vcK n‡”Q L ax‡i ax‡i wejyß n‡”Q Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  122
K gvwëwgwWqv Kb‡UbWvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L w_ªwW g‡Wwjs †W‡fjwcs (Abyaveb)
M gvwëwgwWqv †W‡fjwcs Kb‡UbWvi K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
 gvwëwgwWqv Kb‡U›U †W‡fjcvi 98. gvwëwgwWqv aviY I cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ
90. gvwëwgwWqv †cÖvMÖvgvi ev A_i eje n‡”Q-
Kv‡`i? (Ávb) i. Kw¤úDUvi
 hviv B›UviA¨vKwUf A¨vwcø‡Kkb ˆZwi K‡ib ii. ¯§vU©‡dvb
L hviv Kb‡U›Um †W‡fjc K‡ib iii. †gvevBj †dvb
M hviv †cÖvMÖvwgs K‡ib wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N hviv A_i K‡ib (Abyaveb)
91. Kb‡U›Um †W‡fjc Kiv Ges K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
B›UviA¨vKwUwfwU †hvM Kivi g‡a¨ Kx 99. Kw¤úDUvi w`‡q ¯’jvwfwl³ Kiv n‡”QÑ
i‡q‡Q? (Ávb) i. cÖPwjZ aviYv‡K
K wgj  cv_©K¨ ii. cÖPwjZ hš¿cvwZ‡K
M wbf©ikxjZv N cwic~iK m¤úK© iii. cÖPwjZ mdUIq¨vi‡K
92. gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨vi ˆZwii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
†cÖvMÖvg †KvbwU? (Ávb)  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 wW‡i±i L wcÖwgqvi 100. Kw¤úDUvi ¯’vb `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Q
M d‡Uvkc N gvqv i. UvBcivBUv‡ii
93. wcÖwgqvi d‡Uvk‡c ˆZwi Kiv ii. †gvevBj †dv‡bi
wgwWqv¸‡jv‡K wgwj‡q GKwU iii. d‡UvUvBc‡mUv‡ii
B›UviA¨vKwUf A¨vwc‡Kkb ˆZwi Kiv hvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mvnv‡h¨? (cÖ‡qvM) (Abyaveb)
K ÷zwWI g¨v· L gvqv Ki I ii  i I iii I iii
M iiN i, ii I iii
 wW‡i±i N wfRyq¨vj †ewmK 101. Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüZ n‡”Q
i. Awdm Av`vj‡Z
 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK ii. †ckv`vwi gy`ª‡Y
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi iii. MÖvwd· ˆZwi‡Z

94. ïi“‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¸i“Z¡c~Y© KvR wQjÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Ávb)

i. Z_¨ cÖwµqvKiY Kiv K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

ii. Z_¨ cvivcvi Kiv [Link]‡`i †`‡k Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨envi AZ¨šÍ

iii. Z_¨ we‡klY Kiv mxwgZ-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. PviæKjvi MÖvwd· wWRvB‡b

(Abyaveb) ii. PviæKjvi †cBw›Us‡q

i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. PviæKjvi Kgvwk©qvj MÖvwd‡·

95. eZ©gv‡b Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüZ n‡”QÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)

i. wnmve wbKv‡ki †¶‡Î K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

ii. †jLv‡jwLi Kv‡R 103. Kw¤úDUvi µgk RvqMv K‡i wb‡”Q-

iii. we‡bv`‡bi †¶‡Î i. wWRvB‡b

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. MÖvwd‡·

(Abyaveb) iii. †cBw›Us‡q

K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)

96. Kvjµ‡g Kw¤úDUv‡i mgwš^Z nq-  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii

i. eY© ii. wPÎ 104. eZ©gv‡b Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüZ n‡”Q-

iii. kã i. ¯’vc‡Z¨ ii. weÁvc‡b

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. A¨vwb‡gk‡b

(Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)

K iI ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

97. Kw¤úDUv‡ii gvwëwgwWqv ej‡Z †h 105. MÖvwd‡·i e¨envi n‡”Q

wgwWqv¸‡jvi mgš^q‡K †evSvqÑ i. m¤cÖPv‡i

i. eY© ii. wPÎ ii. AwWI-wfwWI‡Z

iii. kã iii. †iwWI †hvMv‡hv‡M

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  123
i I ii I iii
L i M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 113. evsjv‡`‡ki †h wmwW¸‡jv‡Z
106. wfwWIÕi e¨vcK e¨envi i‡q‡Q- gvwëwgwWqv cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kiv
i.I‡q‡e n‡q‡Q-
[Link] I †nvg wfwWI‡Z i. evsjv‡`k 71
iii. gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨v‡i ii. Aemi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) iii. wek¦‡Kvl
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
[Link] GbvjM ch©v‡q G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢eÑ K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. wfwWI aviY Kiv 114. Avgv‡`i cÖKvkbv
ii. wfwWI m¤úv`bv Kiv i. GLbI KvMRwbf©i
iii. wfwWI msiÿY Kiv ii. GKzk kZ‡K Aek¨B wWwRUvj n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) iii. µgk B›Uvi‡bU wbf©i n‡q co‡Q
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
108. eZ©gvb we‡k¦ wfwWI GKwU (D”PZi `¶Zv)
mycÖwZwôZ wgwWqv| GB wgwWqv i I ii L i I iii
m¤cÖPvwiZ n‡”QÑ M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. GbvjM gva¨‡g [Link] Bmjvg GKRb gvwëwgwWqv
ii. wWwRUvj gva¨‡g Kb‡U›Um †W‡fjcvi| wZwb †hme welq
iii. mvDÛ I‡q‡f wb‡q KvR K‡ibÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) i. †U·U
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. A¨vwb‡gkb
109. A¨vwb‡gkb- iii. AwWI I wfwWI
i. GK ai‡bi MÖvwd· wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. Pjgvb ev w¯’i n‡Z cv‡i (cÖ‡qvM)
iii. wØgvwÎK ev wÎgvwÎK n‡Z cv‡i K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 116. gvwëwgwWqv Kb‡U›Um †W‡fjcviiv
(Abyaveb) Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î d‡Uvkc e¨envi K‡ib-
Ki I ii L i I iii i. w_ªwW ÷zwWI g¨v·
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii ii. evsjv‡`k-71
110. Avgv‡`i †`‡k A¨vwb‡gkbÑ iii. gvqv
i. GKK gva¨g wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
ii. weÁvcb wP‡Î e¨eüZ n‡”Q K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. wekvj Kg©‡¶Î m„wó K‡i‡Q 117. B›UviA¨vKwUwfwU‡Z e¨eüZ nqÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. d¬vk mdUIq¨vi
(D”PZi `¶Zv) ii. wW‡i±i mdUIq¨vi
Ki I iiL i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii iii. A_iIq¨vi mdUIq¨vi
111. A¨vwb‡gk‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK© i‡q‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. AwWI I wfwWIÕi (Abyaveb)
ii.†U·U I MÖvwd‡·i Ki I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
iii. gy`ªY I cÖKvkbv wk‡íi
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(Abyaveb) cÖ‡kœvËi
i I ii L i I iii wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 118 I 119 bs cÖ‡kœi
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii DËi `vI :
112. evsjv‡`‡k cÖ¯‘ZK…Z gvwëwgwWqv Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³i †h AskwU GLb me©vwaK
mdUIq¨vi n‡jvÑ Av‡jvPbvi welq Zv n‡j gvwëwgwWqv| GwU
i. wek¦‡Kvl Kw¤úDUv‡ii †Kv‡bv hš¿vsk bq| GwU GK ai‡bi
ii. wfRyqvj †ewmK B›UviA¨vKwUf AwfÁZv, hv GKvwaK wgwWqvi
iii. weRq wkï wk¶v mgš^‡q MwVZ|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 118. Aby‡”Q‡`i Av‡jvwPZ welqwU KqwU
(Abyaveb) wgwWqvi mgš^‡q MwVZ? (cÖ‡qvM)
Ki I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii K2  3 M 4 N 5
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  124
119. D³ wgwWqvi evnb n‡”Q me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡ †c‡q _v‡K †Kvb
i. U¨ve‡jU mdUIq¨vi? (Ávb)
ii. ¯§vU©‡dvb K GgGm G‡·j L GgGm G‡·m
iii. †gvevBj †dvb  cvIqvi c‡q›U N GgGm IqvW©
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 127. cvIqvi c‡q›U dvBj‡K Kx ejv nq?
(D”PZi `¶Zv) (Ávb)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii  †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb L †cÖvMÖvg
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 120 I 121 bs cÖ‡kœi M ¯vBW N †jAvDU
DËi `vI : 128. †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi GK GKwU Ask‡K Kx ejv
AvBwmwU K¬v‡m wk¶‡Ki e³e¨ †_‡K ivRb eyS‡Z nq? (Ávb)
cvij, evsjv‡`‡k gvwëwgwWqvq mdUIq¨vi cÖ¯‘Z  Slide L Part
M Information N Layout
nIqv †Kej gvÎ ïi“ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k 71, Aemi, weRq
wkï wk¶v- Ggb K‡qKwU wmwW‡Z gvwëwgwWqv 129. cvIqvi c‡q‡›Ui ¯vBW wb‡Pi †KvbwUi
cÖhyw³ cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| mgZzj¨? (Ávb)
 Iqv‡W©i c„ôv L G‡·‡ji Kjvg
[Link]‡”Q‡`i DwjwLZ mdUIq¨vi¸‡jv‡Z †Kvb
M †ewm‡Ki KgvÛ evUb N G‡·‡mi †iv
welqwU †bB ej‡jB P‡j? (cÖ‡qvM)
K AwWI L wfwWI
[Link] møvBWwewkó GKwU c„ôv‡K
M A¨vwb‡gkb  B›UviA¨vKwUwfwU
Kx ejv nq? (Abyaveb)
K Slide Application  Hand outs
121.D³ mdUIq¨vi¸‡jv h_vh_ n‡e hw` †mLv‡b
M Slide Layouts N Slide Programs
i. e¨enviKvix Zvi cQ›`g‡Zv BbcyU w`‡Z cv‡ib
131. cwiKwíZfv‡e GKwU cvIqvi c‡q›U
ii. AvDUcyU Bbcy‡Ui ai‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ Kx K‡i wb‡Z
iii. cÖPzi wfwWI _v‡K
nq? (Ávb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  Lmov L c„ôv gvwR©b
(D”PZi `¶Zv)
M ¯vBW N n¨vÛ AvDUm
i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
132. cwiKwíZfv‡e GKwU cvIqvi c‡q‡›U
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ †h Lmov ˆZwi
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨vi  c„ôv :
Kiv nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
6672 K n¨vÛ AvDUm L †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb †jAvDU
M c‡q›Uvi AvDUm  ¯vBW †jAvDU
 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb
[Link]‡j` Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡i gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvi
cÖ‡kœvËi
c‡q›U dvBj I‡cb Ki‡e| GRb¨ Zv‡K cÖ_‡g
[Link], †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Kg©kvjv †Kvb †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
BZ¨vw`‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ K Menu  Start

AvKl©Yxq I Kvh©Kifv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kivi M My document N All Programs

Rb¨ †Kvb mdUIq¨vi e¨eüZ nq? (Ávb) [Link] †evZv‡gi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi w`‡q
K G‡·j L IqvW© wK¬K Ki‡j Kx Avm‡e? (Ávb)

 †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb N wfRyqvj †ewmK  †gby L Qwe

[Link] c‡q›U mdUIq¨viwU †Kvb †Kv¤úvwb M MÖvd N A¨vcwj‡Kkb

ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb? (Ávb) [Link] †gbyi All Programs Kgv‡Ûi Dci gvDm
K m¨vgmvs L A¨v‡cj c‡q›Uvi ¯’vcb Ki‡j †h †gby cvIqv hvq
M ¸Mj  gvB‡µvmdU Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)

124.†Kvb mdUIq¨vi‡K †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨vi K n¨vÛ AvDUm †gby L †jAvDU †gby

ejv nq? (Ávb)  d¬vBAvDU †gby N †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb †gby

 cvIqvi c‡q›U L gvqv 136. d¬vBAvDU †gby ZvwjKv †_‡K †Kvb

M gv· N †WUv‡eR †gby‡Z wK¬K Ki‡j gvB‡µvmdU Awd‡mi
[Link]©Ki I AvKl©Yxqfv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv cvIqv hv‡e? (Ávb)
K Microsoft Office Power Point
†¶‡Î †Kvb mdUIq¨viwUi weKí †bB ej‡jB
L All Programs
P‡j? (Ávb)
 Microsoft Office
 cvIqvi c‡q›U L dvqvid· N Slide Layouts
M GgGm IqvW© N ¸Mj †µvg 137. †U·U e‡·i g‡a¨ Kx _vK‡e?
126. mfv, †mwgbvi, wm‡¤úvwRqvg, (Abyaveb)
Kg©kvjv BZ¨vw`‡Z Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨  Bbmvm©b c‡q›Uvi L eW©vi mvBb
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  125
M wieb d›U N d‡›Ui AvKvi AvK…wZ 149.†cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi gvSvgvwS †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡b
[Link] c‡q›U Gi †U·U e‡·i eW©v‡i wK¬K _vKv Ae¯’vq H ¯vBW †_‡K cÖ`k©b ïi“
K‡i wm‡j± Kivi ci †Kvb †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j Kivi Rb¨ †KvbwU Pvc‡Z n‡e? (Ávb)
†jLvmn †U·U e· evwZj n‡q hv‡e? (Ávb)  Shift + F5 L Alt + F5
K Pd down L Pd up M CRT + ALT + F5 N CRT + F5
 delete N Insert 150. cvIqvi c‡q‡›U ¯vBW‡kv DB‡Ûv †_‡K
139. cvIqvi c‡q‡›U UvBc Kivi ci †U·U e·wU m¤úv`bvi DB‡Ûv‡Z wd‡i hvIqvi Rb¨
wm‡j‡±W _vKv Ae¯’vq †gvU KqwU †KvbwU Pvc‡Z n‡e? (Ávb)
wm‡jKkb c‡q›U _v‡K? (Ávb) K F5  ESC
M F7 N F8
K2 L 4
M6  8
151. cvIqvi c‡q‡›U Design †gbyi Background
Style Wªc WvDb ev‡ii c¨v‡j‡Ui †h‡Kv‡bv
140.†hme c‡q›U e¨envi K‡i cvIqvi c‡q‡›U †U·
e‡·i AvKvi †QvU-eo Kiv hvq Zv‡`i‡K Kx is ev †MÖwW‡q‡›Ui m‡mi Dci gvDm
e‡j? (Ávb)
c‡q›Uvi ¯’vcb Kiv n‡j g~j ¯vB‡W Kx †`Lv
K IqvW© c‡q›U L †µwWU c‡q›U
hvq? (Ávb)
 †mB is ev †MÖwW‡q‡›Ui e¨vKMÖvDÛ
 wm‡jKkb c‡q›U N mvBR c‡q›U
L GKwU my`„k¨ wWRvBb e·
141. cvIqvi c‡q‡›U †U·U e‡·i †Kv_vq wK¬K
M GKwU Pvi‡KvYv †U·U e·
Ki‡j e‡·i wm‡jKkb P‡j hv‡e? (Ávb)
N GKwU B‡gR e·
K †fZ‡i L Wv‡b
 evB‡i N Dc‡i
152.¯vB‡Wi e¨vKMÖvDÛ cwieZ©b Kivi mgq
[Link] cvIqvi c‡q‡›U ¯vBW ˆZwii DB‡Ûvi †gvn‡bi †MÖwW‡q›U Ges mwjW i‡Oi
evg cv‡k Kx ai‡bi wfD‡Z ¯vB‡Wi †QvU c¨v‡j‡Ui GKwU is cQ›` n‡jv| GLb Zv‡K
ms¯‹iY †`Lv hv‡e? (Ávb)
†KvbwU wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
K watch  swatch
K AvBKb  _v¤^‡bBj
M wizard N switch
M UvBjm N wW‡UBjm
153.e¨vKMÖvDÛ wn‡m‡e AviI is, †U·vi Ges
143. †KvbwU‡Z UvBc Kiv hvq? Qwe e¨envi Kivi Rb¨ c¨v‡j‡Ui wb‡Pi
(Ávb)
w`‡K †KvbwU wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e? (Ávb)
 †U·U e· L B‡gR e·  Format Background L From Background
M KgvÛ e· N UzjwUc e· M Style Background N Design Background
[Link] c‡q‡›U A‡bK¸‡jv ¯vBW hy³ K‡i Kx 154. Format Background WvqvjM e‡·i Dc‡i
ˆZwi Kiv nq? (Ávb) evgcv‡k¦©i †Kvb †iwWI †evZv‡g wK¬K
K Bbdi‡gkb  †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb K‡i mwµq Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
M Bjvm‡Uªkb N di‡gkb K Gground Fill  Solid Fill
M Radio Fill N Upper Fill
145. cÖv_wgKfv‡e †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ˆZwii ci
mgMÖ Dc¯’vcb‡K AvKl©Yxq K‡i Zzj‡Z 155. cvIqvi c‡q‡›U Picture Texture Fill †iwWI
Kx Av‡ivc Kiv nq? (Ávb)
†evZv‡g wm‡j‡±W _vKv Ae¯’vq Insert
From Gi wb‡P File †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡j
K †U·U L B‡gR
M KgvÛ evUb  ˆewkó¨
†Kvb WvqvjM e· Av‡m? (Ávb)
K Insert Image L Insert Text
146. gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U e¨envi K‡i  Insert Picture N Insert Command
ivBdz GKwU †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ˆZwi Kij| [Link] †gbyi wie‡b wK‡mi Dci wK¬K Ki‡j
†cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi cÖ_g ¯vBW Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Insert Picture WvqvjM e· Avm‡e? (Ávb)
Zv‡K †Kvb evUbwU Pvc‡Z n‡e?(cÖ‡qvM)  Picture Icon L Coror Icon
K F2 L F3 M Enter Icon N Txture Icon
M F4  F5
157. QwewUi †Kvb e‡· wK¬K I Wª¨vM K‡i
147.†cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi GKwU ¯vBW †_‡K cieZx© Qwei AvKvi †QvU eo Kiv hv‡e? (Ávb)
¯vB‡W hvIqvi Rb¨ Kx‡ev‡W©i †Kvb Zxi K mvBW  wimvBR
†evZv‡g Pvc w`‡Z n‡e? (Ávb)
M wimvB‡Kj N gvB‡Kj
K evggyLx  WvbgyLx
158. gvB‡µvmdU cvIqv c‡q‡›U GKwU
M EaŸ©gyLx N wbgœgyLx
møvBW †_‡K ciieZ©x møvB‡W hvIqvi
[Link] c‡q‡›U c~e©eZ©x ¯vB‡W †divi mgq Kx e¨envi Ki‡Z nq? (Ávb)
Rb¨ †Kvb Zxi †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡Z n‡e?(Ávb) K KgvÛ L †dvìvi
 evggyLx L WvbgyLx
M BbmvU©  B‡d±
M EaŸ©gyLx N wbgœgyLx
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  126
[Link] c‡q‡›U GK ¯vBW †_‡K cieZx© ¯- K Insert media L Insert Video
M Insert Auto  Insert movie
vB‡W hvIqvi Rb¨ †h B‡d± e¨envi Kiv nq
Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
170. cvIqvi c‡q›U ¯vB‡W gywf dvBjwU
K BbmvU©  UªvbwRkb
ms‡hvRb Kivi mgq †KvbwU wm‡j± Kiv
M ¯vBW †jAvDU N n¨vÛ AvDUm
_vK‡j ¯vBW cÖ`k©b ïi“ nIqvi m‡½
[Link] c‡q‡›U †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi 3bs ¯- m‡½B gywfwUI Pvjy n‡q hv‡e? (Ávb)
 Automatically L When Clicked
vBWwU †Lvjv †i‡L UªvbwRkb cÖ‡qvM
M Manually N Initially
Kij| G‡Z †Kvb ¯vBWwU‡Z UªvbwRkb
Kvh©Ki n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)  enyc`x mgvwßm~PK
K 1bs L 2bs enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
 3bs N 4bs
171. RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q Z_¨
161. †Kvb †gbyi wie‡b GK mvwi ¯vBW
Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv AZ¨waK
UªvbwRk‡bi bgybv cvIqv hvq?(cÖ‡qvM)
¸iæZ¡ jvf K‡i‡Q-
K File  Animation
i. M‡elK‡`i g‡a¨
M Tools N Insert
162.¯vB‡W UªvbwRk‡bi bgybv evQvB Kivi ii. wkÿvwe`‡`i g‡a¨

Rb¨ bgybv¸‡jvi Wvbw`‡K KqwU Zxi iii. mgvRKg©x‡`i g‡a¨

i‡q‡Q? (Ávb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)

K i I ii L i I iii
K2 3
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
M4 N 5
163. ¯vBW UªvbwRk‡bi bgybv evQvB‡qi 172.Z‡_¨i fvÊvi mevi g‡a¨ mnRjf¨ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨
†Kvb Zx‡i wK¬K Ki‡j me¸‡jv bgybv GK Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡”Q-
mv‡_ †`Lv hv‡e? (Ávb) i. mfv

K gvSLv‡bi L Dc‡ii
ii. †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqvg

 wb‡Pi N ev‡gi
iii. Kg©kvjv

[Link]-Gi wb‡P Custom Animation bv‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

GKwU KgvÛ hy³ nIqvi ci Custom Animation (Abyaveb)
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
Gi Dci wK¬K Ki‡j Custom Animation bv‡g
Kx Avm‡e? (Ávb) [Link]‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U e¨envi K‡i Z_¨
K Uzje· L †U·U e·
Dc¯’vcb Kiv nqÑ
M B‡gR e·  c¨v‡jU
i. †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqv‡g

165. Av‡ivwcZ UªvbwRkb ev` †`Iqvi Rb¨ ii. Kg©kvjvq

wbw`©ó †U·U e·wU wm‡j± K‡i †Kvb iii. wgwQ‡j

†evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e? (Ávb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

K Add L Delete (Abyaveb)
M Adds-on  Remove i I ii L i I iii
166.¯vBW UªvbwRk‡bi m‡½ kã hy³ Kivi Rb¨ M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
¯vBWwU †Lvjv †i‡L Wªc-WvDb ZvwjKv 174. gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U mdUIq¨v‡ii
†_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU k‡ãi bvg wm‡j± mvnv‡h¨Ñ
Ki‡Z nq Zv Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ? (Ávb) i. †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqvg Av‡qvRb Kiv hvq
K Transition Tool ii. wk¶K K¬v‡m †jKPvi Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i
L Transition Acoustic
iii. QvÎQvÎxiv wimv‡m©i welq K¬v‡m
 Transition Sound
N Transition Audio
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i
[Link]¸‡jv ¯vB‡W GKB kã cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†Kvb †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM) (Abyaveb)
K Apply L Apply to specific Ki I
ii L i I iii
M Apply to universal  Apply to All I iii
M ii  i, ii I iii
168. †Kvb †gbyi wie‡b movie Wªc WvD‡b [Link] c‡q‡›Ui mvnv‡h¨ AvKl©Yxqfv‡e
wK¬K Ki‡j Movie from file KgvÛ cvIqv Z_¨vw` Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ mgš^q Kiv nq
hv‡e? (Ávb)
 Insert L Enter i. †jLv I Qwei
M Slide N Blind
ii. AwWI I wfwWIÕi
169. Move from file KgvÛ wm‡j± Ki‡j †Kvb
iii. MÖvd I Q‡Ki
WvqvjM e· Avm‡e? (Ávb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  127
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
(Abyaveb) [Link]‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U †U·U e· miv‡Z
Ki Iii L i I iii e‡·i †h‡Kv‡bv evûi †h‡Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii i. wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e
176. kvwKj Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡i cvIqvi c‡q›U ii. Wª¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e
†cÖvMÖvg Lyj‡e| GRb¨ Zv‡KÑ iii. Wvej-wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e
i. c`©vi wb‡Pi w`‡K evg †Kv‡Y Start †evZvg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e (Abyaveb)
ii. Start †evZv‡gi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi w`‡q  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
wK¬K K‡i †gby Avb‡Z n‡e [Link] cvIqvi c‡q›U e¨envi K‡i GKwU
iii. †W¯‹Uc cici `yBevi wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ˆZwi Kij| GB †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? cÖ_g ¯vBW Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Zv‡KÑ
(cÖ‡qvM) i. F5 Key Pvc‡Z n‡e
i I ii L i I iii ii. View †gbyi wieb †_‡K Slide Show wm‡j± Ki‡Z
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii n‡e
[Link]‡µvmdU Awdm cvIqvi c‡q‡›Ui cÖ_g iii. ÷¨vUvm evi-G Slide Show AvBKb wK¬K
¯vB‡Wi c`©vi g~j As‡ki e‡·i g‡a¨Ñ Ki‡Z n‡e
i. Click to add title †jLv _v‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. Click to add subtitle †jLv _v‡K (cÖ‡qvM)
iii. Click to add image †jLv _v‡K Ki I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 183.†Kv‡bv ¯vBW ˆZwi Kivi mgq Ges ¯vBW
(Abyaveb) ˆZwii c‡iI
i I ii L i I iii i. e¨vKMÖvD‡Ûi is cwiZ©b Kiv hvq
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. bZzb K‡i e¨vKMÖvDÛ ˆZwi Kiv hvq
[Link] c‡q›U-Gi cÖ_g ¯vB‡Wi c`©vi g~j iii. †h‡Kv‡bv Qwe‡K e¨vKMÖvDÛ wn‡m‡e
As‡ki e‡· †jLv `ywU‡Z wK¬K Ki‡j e¨envi Kiv hvq
i. †U·U e· `„k¨gvb n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. †U· BUvwjK n‡q hv‡e (Abyaveb)
iii. †U·U e‡·i g‡a¨ Bbmvm©b c‡q›Uvi _vK‡e Ki I ii L i I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M ii I iii I iii
 i, ii
(Abyaveb) 184. ¯vB‡W e¨vKMÖvDÛ hy³ Kivi Rb¨
Ki I ii  i I iii i. ¯vBWwU †Lvjv ivL‡Z n‡e
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. Background Style Wªc-WvDb evi-G wK¬K Ki‡Z
[Link]‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U Uzjevi I wieb n‡e
†_‡K iii. Format Background Select Ki‡Z n‡e
i. d›U evQvB Kiv hvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. d‡›Ui is cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv (Abyaveb)
iii. d‡›Ui AvKvi-AvK…wZ cwieZ©b Kiv hvq K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 185. Background Style Wªc-WvDb evi-G wK¬K
(Abyaveb) Ki‡jÑ
Ki I ii  i I iii i. †MÖwW‡q›U Ges mwjW i‡Oi GKwU c¨v‡jU
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Avm‡e
[Link]‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q‡›U UvBc Kivi ci ii. ¯vBWwUi e¨vKMÖvD‡Û wewfbœ Color hy³
†U·U e·wU wm‡j‡±W _vKv Ae¯’vq Kiv hv‡e
i. GB e‡·i Pvi evû‡Z PviwU wm‡jKkb c‡q›U iii. ¯øvBW wWwjU nIqv hv‡e
_v‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. GB e‡·i gvS eivei wZbwU wm‡jKkb c‡q›U (Abyaveb)
_v‡K  i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. GB e‡·i Pvi‡Kv‡b PviwU wm‡jKkb c‡q›U [Link]‡ivwcZ e¨vKMÖvDÛ Zz‡j †djvi Rb¨
_v‡K i. Format Background WvqvjM e‡·i Solid fill
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †iwWI †evZv‡g wK¬K K‡i mwµq K‡i w`‡Z
(Abyaveb) n‡e
Ki I ii  i I iii
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  128
ii. Color Wªc-WvDb Zx‡i wK¬K K‡i i‡Oi Ki I ii L i I iii
c¨v‡jU Avb‡Z n‡e M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
iii. c¨v‡jU †_‡K cvc©j is wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e 192.¯vB‡W wfwW hy³ Kivi †¶‡Î When Clicked
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡jÑ
(Abyaveb) i. evZ©v e· P‡j hv‡e
i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. ¯vB‡W wfwWI dvBj ¯’vwcZ n‡e
187. wbjq Zvi †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi ¯vB‡W wKQy iii. Desktop P‡j Avm‡e
Qwe hy³ Ki‡e| GRb¨ Zv‡KÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. Insert †gbyi wieb Picture AvBK‡bi Dci Click (Abyaveb)
Ki‡Z n‡e i I ii L i I iii
ii. Insert Picture WvqvjM e· e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. File †gbyi Picture AvBKb e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
cv‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? cÖ‡kœvËi
(cÖ‡qvM) wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 193 I 194 bs cÖ‡kœi
i I ii L i I iii DËi `vI :
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii mvwgbv nK GKwU gvwëb¨vkbvj †Kv¤úvwbi
188. cvIqvi c‡q‡›U †Kv‡bv GKwU Qwe‡KÑ mnKvix †mjm g¨v‡bRvi| AvR Zv‡`i GKwU wgwUs
i. gwbUi c`©vi mv‡_ 45 †Kv‡Y ¯’vcb Kiv hvq i‡q‡Q †hLv‡b Zv‡K GKwU †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi gva¨‡g
ii. wimvBR e‡· wK¬K I Wª¨vM K‡i Qwei AvKv‡i †mjm-Gi me©‡kl nvjwPÎ Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e|
†QvU-eo Kiv hvq 193. D³ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mvwgbv nK †Kvb
iii. Wª¨vM K‡i †h Ae¯’v‡b cÖ‡qvRb mwi‡q mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Ki‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
¯’vcb Kiv hvq K IqvW© L G‡·j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M G‡·m  cvIqvi c‡q›U
(Abyaveb) 194. D³ mdUIq¨viwU †Kvb †Kv¤úvwb ˆZwi
Ki I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii K‡i‡Q? (D”PZi `¶Zv)
[Link] c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi cÖ_g ¯vB‡W  gvB‡µvmdU L A¨vcj
UªvbwRkb hy³ Kivi Rb¨Ñ M ¸Mj N A¨vgvRb
i. wØZxq ¯vBWwU †Lvjv ivL‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 195 I 196 bs cÖ‡kœi
ii. Animations †gby‡Z wK¬K K‡i mwµq Ki‡Z DËi `vI :
n‡e mxgv cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi cuvPwU ¯vBW
iii. Animations †gbyi wie‡b GKmvwi ¯vBW ˆZwi Kij| KvR †k‡l †m †`‡L wb‡Z PvB‡jv ˆZwi ¯-
UªvbwRk‡bi bgybv cvIqv hv‡e vBW¸‡jv h_vh_ n‡q‡Q wKbv|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 195. DcwiD³ D‡Ï‡k¨ †m
(Abyaveb) i. Kx‡ev‡W©i F5 †evZvg Pvc w`‡Z cv‡i
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. View †gbyi wieb †_‡K Slide Show wm‡j± Ki‡Z
190. †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi me¸‡jv ¯vB‡W GKB cv‡i|
UªvbwRkb Av‡ivc Ki‡Z n‡jÑ iii. ÷¨vUvm evi-G Slide Show AvBKb wK¬K
i. cÖ_g ¯vBW UªvbwRkb Av‡ivc Ki‡Z n‡e Ki‡Z cv‡i
ii. bgybvi mvwii evgw`‡K Apply to All †evZv‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e (cÖ‡qvM)
iii. bgybvi mvwii Wvbw`‡K Apply to All †evZv‡g Ki I ii L i I iii
wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 196.h_vh_ Check Kivi ci m¤úv`‡bi DB‡Ûv‡Z
(Abyaveb) wd‡i †h‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡K †Kvb Key Pvc‡Z
Ki Iii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
191. †U·U e‡· UªvbwRkb cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ K Home L End

i. wØZxq ¯vBWwU †Lvjv ivL‡Z n‡e M F6  ESC

ii. cÖ_g †U·U e·wU wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 197 I 198 bs cÖ‡kœi
iii. Animations †gby‡Z wK¬K K‡i mwµq Ki‡Z DËi `vI :
n‡e wiRwf Zvi K¬v‡m Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ GKwU cvIqvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? c‡q‡›U †cÖ‡R›Ukb ˆZwi Ki‡jv| †m Rv‡b †h
(Abyaveb) mvaviYZ GKwUi ci GKwU K‡i ¯vBW cÖ`k©b Kiv
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  129
nq| †m GKwU ¯vBW †_‡K cieZx© ¯vB‡W hvIqvi M weU N wRwe
mgq B‡d± e¨envi Ki‡Z PvBj| 207. B‡g‡Ri ÿz`ªZg GKK Kx?
197. DcwiD³ B‡d±‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
(cÖ‡qvM) K evBU weU L
K UªvÝwgkb  UªvbwRkb M Word  wc‡·j
M wiKzBwRkb N †mvwjWv‡ikb 208.cÖwZ eM©Bw‡Z wc‡·‡ji cwigvY‡K Kx
198. cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖvMÖv‡g †Kvb †gbyi e‡j? (Ávb)
wie‡b D³ B‡d‡±i GKmvwi bgybv cvIqv K †iÄ  †iRywjDkb
hv‡e? (D”PZi `¶Zv) M WU N Kgv
K File L Edit 209. ixbv wc‡·‡ji N‡i 130 UvBc Kij| Gi
 Animations N Tool
†iRywjDkb KZ n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
K 5184 L 6900
MÖvwd·  c„ôv : 7386
 16900 N 1800

 mvaviY enywbe©vPwb [Link] B‡gR ev Qwei eM©vKvi ¶z`ªZg

GKK †KvbwU? (Ávb)
cÖ‡kœvËi
K Cm L c‡q›U
199. Kw¤úDUvi Qwe m¤úv`bvi Rb¨ †Kvb M mm  wc‡·j
†cÖvMÖvgwU wek¦e¨vcx RbwcÖq? (Ávb) 211. GK eM© Bw‡Z †gvU wc‡·‡ji cwigvY
K B‡gR wfDqvi  G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc KZ? (Ávb)
M A¨vcj d‡Uvkc N B‡gR GwWUi K 5084  5184
200. wKiƒc K¨v‡givi mvnv‡h¨ †Zvjv Qwe M 5284 N 5384
mivmwi Kw¤úDUv‡i Kwc K‡i †bqv hvq? 212. mvaviY fvlvq Qwe †d‡U hvIqv ej‡Z
(Ávb) †KvbwU‡K †evSv‡bv nq? (Ávb)
K A¨vbvjM L †KvWvK K nvBcvi †iRywjDkb L bigvj †iRywjDkb
 wWwRUvj N †KvwbKv  wc‡·‡j‡UW N A¨vwb‡gkb
201.d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvg †Lvjvi Rb¨ me©cÖ_g 213. Kw¤úDUvi †Uwjwfkb Ges Ab¨vb¨
Kw¤úDUvi gwbU‡ii †Kvb Ack‡b wK¬K B‡j±ªwbK wgwWqvi gwbU‡i Dc¯’vwcZ
Ki‡Z nq? (Ávb) welq cÖ`wk©Z nq †Kvb †gv‡W? (Ávb)
K My Document  Start K CMYK L Bitmap
M My Computer N Search M Grayscale  RGB
202. Start †gbyi Aj †cÖvMÖvg Kgv‡Ûi Dci 214. RGB-Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU?
gvDm c‡q›Uvi ¯’vcb Ki‡j Kx ai‡bi †gby (D”PZi `¶Zv)
cvIqv hvq? (Ávb) K Right Global Bitmap
K WªcWvDb  d¬vBAvDU L Rose Green Blue
 Red Green Blue
M BbmvU© N ccAvc
N Row Ground Background
203.d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvg †Lvjvi ci dvBj †gby
215. WvqvjM e‡·i Background Content As‡k
†_‡K †Kvb Kgv‡Û wK¬K Ki‡j New WvqvjM
KqwU Ackb i‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
e· cvIqv hv‡e? (Ávb)
K1 L 2 3 N 4
 New L Latest
M Old N Ancient 216. WvqvjM e‡· gvc Abyhvqx Kx Avm‡e?
204. Adobe photoshop wbD WvqvjM e‡· (Ávb)

cÖk¯ÍZv Ges D”PZv †Kvb GK‡K †`qv  c`©v eviL

_v‡K? (Ávb) M UvB‡Uj N Ackb

K Cm  inch 217. Ackb evi Gi wb‡P Kx i‡q‡Q?

M ft N mm (Abyaveb)
205. G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡c wbD WvqvjM e‡· K c`©v L evi M †gby  iæjvi
cÖk¯ÍZv Ges D”PZv G `ywU N‡ii †Kvb 218.d‡Uvk‡c †KvbwU‡K wkíxi Qwe AuvKvi
cv‡k gv‡ci GKK wba©vi‡Yi Wªc-WvDb K¨vbfv‡mi m‡½ Zzjbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i?(Ávb)
†gby i‡q‡Q? (Ávb) K Ackb evi L UvB‡Uj evi
K evg  Wvb  i“jv‡ii wb‡Pi c`©v N iƒjvi
M Dci N wbP 219.d‡Uvkc c`©vi Wvb cv‡k †KvbwU _v‡K ?
206.d‡Uvk‡c B‡gR ev Qwe ˆZwi nq wK‡mi (Ávb)
mvnv‡h¨? (Ávb) K Zzwj L K¨vbfvm
 wc‡·j L evBU  c¨v‡jU N is
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  130
220. d‡Uvk‡c KvR Kivi Rb¨ Kq cÖKvi Uzj K Ctrl L Shift
 Alt N Insert
Av‡Q? (Ávb)
K 67 L 68  69 N 70
234. Rectangular Marquee Tool-Gi mvnv‡h¨

221. Foreground Gi isZzwj Kx wn‡m‡e KvR wb‡Pi †KvbwU ˆZwi Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
K e„Ë L mij‡iLv
K‡i? (Ávb)
M wÎfzR  PZz‡®‹vY
K †iLv  is
M †c÷ N wPÎ
[Link] Marquee Tool-Gi mvnv‡h¨ †_‡K
222.¸wU‡q _vKv c¨v‡j‡Ui PZz‡®‹vY AvBK‡b AvOyj Zz‡j wb‡j c`©vq PZz‡®‹vYwewkó
wK¬K Ki‡j Kx n‡e? (Abyaveb)
wm‡jKkb †iLv Kx Ae¯’vq _vK‡e? (Ávb)
 fvmgvb L Ave×
K c¨v‡jUwU ¸wU‡q hv‡e  c¨v‡jUwU
M Pjgvb N `ª“Z ea©gvb
m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡e
M c¨v‡jUwU wWwjU n‡e N c¨v‡jUwU Kwc n‡e
236. wm‡jKkb fvmgvb _vKv Ae¯’vq Select
223.c¨v‡j‡Ui †Kvb w`‡K we‡qvM wPý ev †gbyi †Kvb KgvÛ wm‡j± Ki‡j wm‡jKkb
minimize AvBKb i‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
P‡j hv‡e? (Ávb)
K Select  Deselect
K wb‡Pi Wvbw`‡K L wb‡Pi evgw`‡K
M Edit N Pull
 Dc‡ii Wvbw`‡K N Dc‡ii evgw`‡K
[Link]‡ev‡W©i †Kvb †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L Back
224.c¨v‡j‡Ui Uc evi-G Kx Ki‡j m¤cÖmvwiZ space †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j wm‡jKkbwU
c¨v‡jU ¸wU‡q hvq Ges ¸wU‡q _vKv Zzwji i‡O c~iY n‡q hv‡e? (Ávb)
c¨v‡jU m¤cÖmvwiZ nq? (Ávb) K Ctrl  Alt
 Wej wK¬K L gvDm c‡q›Uvi ¯’vcb M Shift N Capes lock
M wm‡½j wK¬K N ¯Œj 238.d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖv‡gi †¶‡Î Kx‡ev‡W©i Alt
225.c¨v‡jUwU‡K †h‡Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b miv‡bvi Rb¨ †evZv‡g †P‡c †i‡L Backspace †evZv‡g Pvc
c¨v‡j‡Ui Uc evi-G †Kvb A¨vKkb cÖ‡qvM w`‡j wm‡jKkb †iLv Kx Ae¯’vq _vK‡e?(Ávb)
Ki‡Z n‡e? (Ávb)  Foreground L Background
M Red N Blue
K wm‡½j wK¬K L Wej wK¬K
 wK¬K I WªvM N wK¬K I ¯Œj
[Link]‡ev‡W©i †Kvb †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L Back
space †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j wm‡jKkbwU
226. Uzj e‡·i G‡Kev‡i Dc‡ii As‡k KqwU
wm‡jKkb Uzj i‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
K¨vbfv‡mi i‡O c~iY n‡e? (Ávb)
K Alt L Shift
K2  3 M4 N 5
M Capes lock  Ctrl
227. Uzj e‡· KqwU gyf Uzj we`¨gvb? 240. †Kvb `ywU †evZvg GK mv‡_ †P‡c †i‡L
(Ávb)
¯’vbvšÍwiZ Ki‡j Ae‡R±wU Kwc n‡q
1 L 2 M3 N 4
¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡e? (Ávb)
[Link] e‡· GKB Ae¯’v‡b KqwU gvwK© Uzj  Ctrl + Alt L Alt + Tab
we`¨gvb? (Ávb) M Ctrl + Tab N Ctrl + Enter
K2 L 3 4 N 5 241. G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡c wm‡jKkb mwi‡q
229. Uzj e‡· KqwU jv‡mv Uzj we`¨gvb? †bIqvi mgq is w`‡q c~iY Kiv Ae‡R±wU
(Ávb) Kx n‡e? (Ávb)
K2  3 M4 N 5  c~‡e©i ¯’v‡bB †_‡K hv‡e L Delete n‡q

230. d‡Uvk‡c wKQy Uz‡ji wb‡Pi Wvbw`‡K hv‡e

†QvU Zxi wP‡ýi †Kvb A¶i i‡q‡Q? (Ávb) M GwUI m‡i hv‡e N wKQyUv eo n‡q hv‡e
Kx L w MY  z 242. Ackb evi G Feather N‡i 0 †_‡K KZ ch©šÍ
[Link] †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L Rectangular Marquee wewfbœ cwigvYm~PK msL¨v UvBc K‡i
Tool Wª¨vM Ki‡j Kx ˆZwi n‡e? (Ávb) Ae‡R±wU bgbxq Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
K wbLyuZ e„Ë  wbLyuZ eM© K 120 L 150
M wbLyuZ mij‡iLv N wbLuyZ AvqZ‡¶Î M 170  250
[Link] †evZvg †P‡c Elliptical Marquee Tool 243. Ackb evi-G †d`vi N‡i wewfbœ
Wª¨vM Ki‡j Kx ˆZwi n‡e? (Ávb) cwigvYm~PK msL¨v UvBc Ki‡j Kx nq?
 wbLyuZ e„Ë L wbLyuZ eM© (Abyaveb)
M wbLyuZ mij‡iLv N wbLyuZ AvqZ‡¶Î  Ae‡R± cÖvšÍ bgbxq nq L Ae‡R±
[Link]-G †Kvb †evZv‡g †P‡c Wª¨vM cÖvšÍ KwVb nq
Ki‡j †K›`ªwe›`y †_‡K ïi“ n‡q PZzw`©‡K M Ae‡R± cÖvšÍ wWwjU nq N Ae‡R±
we¯Í„Z n‡q eM©/e„Ë wm‡jKkb ˆZwi cÖvšÍ Kwc nq
n‡e? (Ávb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  131
[Link] G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖv‡g KvR 254. d‡Uvk‡ci i‡Oi c~Y© MvpZ¡ KZ Øviv
Ki‡Q| †m †d`vi N‡i 10 UvBc Ki‡j †evSvq? (Ávb)
bgbxqZv KZ n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)  100% L 200%
K 10 L 15 M 300% N 400%
 20 N 30 [Link] IcvwmwU N‡i 50 UvBc K‡i Ok
[Link]`vi N‡i wewfbœ cwigvYm~PK msL¨v †evZv‡g wK¬K Kij| wm‡jKkbwU
UvBc Kivi ci Kx‡ev‡W©i †Kvb †evZv‡g †dviMÖvDÛ i‡Oi KZ Percent MvpZvq c~iY
†P‡c †d`vi ˆewkó¨‡K Kvh©Ki K‡i wb‡Z n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM) K 25%  50%
K Shift L Insert M 75% N 100%
 Enter N End
256. wm‡jKk‡bi Ackb c¨v‡j‡U Kx Av‡Q?
[Link]³ wm‡jKkb ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ Lasso tool (Ávb)
wm‡j± Kivi ci K¨vbfv‡m †Kvb A¨vKk‡bi K wd`vi †d¬vwUs
L  IcvwmwU
gva¨‡g Ave„ËKvi Ges AuvKveuvKv †WªM
N
mxgvbv ev cÖvšÍwewkó wm‡jKkb ˆZwii 257.c¨v‡j‡Ui Kx Kg‡ewk K‡i i‡Oi MvpZv Kg‡ewk
KvR Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
K Wej wK¬K L wm‡½j wK¬K
K wd`vi L †d¬vwUs
 wK¬K I WªvM N ¯Œyj
 IcvwmwU N †WªM
247. gy³ wm‡jKkb ˆZwii †¶‡Î, WªvM Kiv 258.†Kvb Kgv‡Ûi mvnv‡h¨ wm‡jKk‡bi eW©vi
Ae¯’vq gvD‡mi Dci †Kvb A¨vKk‡bi Øviv ˆZwi Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
H Ae¯’vb †_‡K ïi“i wK¬‡Ki we›`yi m‡½  †÷ªvK L IcvwmwU M wmdwUs
†iLv ˆZwi n‡q e× wm‡jKkb ˆZwi n‡e? N †d¬vwUs
(Ávb)
259. WvqvjM e‡· Stroke Width N‡i KZ ch©šÍ
K wm‡½j wK¬K  AvOz‡ji Pvc †Q‡o
msL¨v UvBc Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
†`qv  1-16 L 1-20
M ¯Œzj N Wej wK¬K
M 1-100 N 1-250
248. wm‡jKkb fvmgvb _vKv Ae¯’vq [Link] e‡·i Stroke Width N‡i †h msL¨v
wm‡jKk‡bi †Kv_vq wK¬K K‡i Qwe Ab¨Î UvBc Kiv nq †m msL¨v Abyhvqx
mwi‡q ¯’vcb Kiv hv‡e? (Ávb)
†KvbwU wba©vwiZ nq? (Ávb)
K Wvbcv‡k L evgcv‡k
 eW©v‡ii cÖk¯ÍZv L eW©v‡ii ˆ`N©¨
M Dc‡i  g‡a¨
M is N eW©v‡ii AvKvi
249. wm‡jKkb †Kv‡bv is w`‡q c~iY Kivi ci 261.†Kvb c×wZ‡Z ïay Zzwji is w`‡qB eW©vi
fvmgvb wm‡jKkb Wª¨vM K‡i Ab¨Î Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
mwi‡q ¯’vcb K‡i †Kvb is w`‡q c~iY Kiv K IcvwmwU  †÷ªvK M wmdwUZ
hv‡e? (Ávb)
N †d¬vwUs
K GKB is L mv`v
[Link]©viwU wm‡jKk‡bi evB‡ii w`‡K ˆZwii
M jvj  †h‡Kv‡bv is
Rb¨ WvqvjM e‡·i †Kvb Radio button-Gi
250.i‡Oi Mvp‡Z¡i cwigvY wba©viY Kivi Rb¨ Kx gvSLv‡b wK¬K K‡i mwµq K‡i w`‡Z n‡e?
e¨envi Kiv nq? (Ávb)
(Ávb)
K Feather L Lesso
K Inside L Center
M Flating  Opacity
 Outside N Outward
251. Edit †gbyi †Kvb KgvÛ w`‡j c`©vq wdj [Link]©viwU wm‡jKk‡bi gvSvgvwS ¯’v‡b
WvqvjM e· cvIqv hvq? (Ávb)
ˆZwii Rb¨ WvqvjM e‡·i †Kvb Radio button-
K Feather  Fill M Flating N Drags
wU wK¬K K‡i mwµq K‡i w`‡Z n‡e? (Ávb)
252. wdj WvqvjM e‡·i Kb‡U›Um As‡k BDR
 Inside L Inward
N‡i †KvbwU wm‡j‡±W _v‡K? (Ávb) M Outside N Center
K e¨vKMÖvDÛ L K¨vbfvm [Link]©viwU wm‡jKk‡bi †fZ‡ii w`‡K ˆZwii
 †dviMÖvDÛ N Ucevi Rb¨ WvqvjM e‡·i †Kvb Radio button-Gi
253. WvqvjM e‡·i †Kvb N‡i i‡Oi wba©viYx gvSLv‡b wK¬K K‡i mwµq K‡i w`‡Z n‡e?
msL¨v UvBc Ki‡Z nq? (Ávb) (Ávb)
 IcvwmwU L gvwK© M c¨v‡jU K Inside  Center
N wd`vi M Outside N Outward
[Link] †gby †_‡K †Kvb KgvÛ w`‡j Save as
WvqvjM e· Avm‡e? (Ávb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  132
K Shift L Enter  Wvb L evg
M Pause  Save
M Dc‡i N wb‡P
266. Photoshop-G Qwe m¤úv`‡bi cÖvq
278. _v¤^‡bBj A_© Kx?
cÖwZwU ch©v‡q †KvbwUi gva¨‡g KvR (Ávb)
Ki‡Z nq? (Ávb)
Keo bL L eo _vg
 Layer L Lasso
M†QvU Qwei e„nr ms¯‹i  eo Qwei ¶z`ª
M Marquee N Stroke
267. Qwe m¤úv`bvi c`©v ev K¨vbfv‡mi ms¯‹iY
G‡KKwU ¯Íi‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
279.c`©vi Qwei m‡½ mswkó †jqv‡i H Qwei
K Lasso L Marquee ¶z`ª ms¯‹iY cÖ`wk©Z nq †Kvb AvBK‡b?
 Layer N Stroke (Ávb)
268.†Kvb c×wZ‡Z GKvwaK ¯^”Q K¨vbfvm K Enable  Channel

GKwUi Dc‡i GKwU †i‡L KvR Kiv hvq? M wfwRwewjwU N _v¤^‡bBj

(Ávb) [Link]‡½ GKvwaK c¨v‡j‡Ui hy³ Ae¯’v‡K

K Marquee  Layer Kx ejv nq? (Ávb)
M Lasso N Stroke K AvBKb c¨v‡jU  ¸”Q c¨v‡jU
269.d‡Uvk‡c iwOb Qwewewkó GKwU dvBj M _v¤^‡bBj c¨v‡jU N U¨ve c¨v‡jU
†Lvjv n‡j Qwei †jqvi c¨v‡j‡U Kx †jLv 281.c`©vq Layer c¨v‡jU we`¨gvb bv _vK‡j
_vK‡e? (Ávb) Window †gby †_‡K †Kvb KgvÛ wm‡j± Ki‡j
K Lasso L Layer
c`©vq †jqvi c¨v‡jU cvIqv hv‡e? (Ávb)
 Background N Foreground
K New  Layers
270. †Rvnvb d‡Uvk‡c 5wU Qwe wb‡q KvR M Tools N Save
Ki‡e| GRb¨ Zv‡K KqwU †jqvi e¨envi Ki‡Z [Link] WvqvjM e‡·i Background Contents
n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM) Ackb †_‡K mv`v ev White wm‡j± Ki‡j
K1 L 3 5 N 10 †jqvi c¨v‡jU wfwË †jqvi wn‡m‡e Kx
[Link] †jqvi hy³ Kivi Rb¨ c¨v‡j‡Ui wb‡P _vK‡e? (Ávb)
†Kvb Ack‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e? (Ávb) K Foreground L Contents
K Create a new slide L Create a new Box  Background N Layer
 Create a new Layer N Create a new Line 283.†U·U †jqvi ˆZwi Kivi †¶‡Î d›U Wªc-WvDb
272.2 b¤^i †jqvi‡K wK¬K K‡i †P‡c a‡i 3 b¤^i ZvwjKv †_‡K †Kvb d›U wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e?
†jqv‡ii Ici Qvo‡j Kx NU‡e? (Abyaveb) (Ávb)
K †jqviwU 3bs †jqv‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡e Kmy‡jLv  myZš^x Gg‡R
L †jqviwU 4bs †jqv‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡e Mmyigv Gg‡R N Av`k©wjwc
 †jqviwU 3 I 4bs Gi gvSLv‡b Ae¯’vb Ki‡e 284. †h †jqv‡ii Qwe m¤úv`bvi KvR Kiv nq
N †jqviwU 1bs †jqv‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡e Zv‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
273.e¨vKMÖvDÛ †jqvi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ¯Í‡i ¯’vcb K Background layer L Foreground layer
Kivi Rb¨ e¨vKMÖvDÛ wK‡m cwiYZ K‡i  Target layer N Move layer

wb‡Z n‡e? (Ávb) [Link]‡_ KqwU †jqv‡ii Qwe m¤úv`bv Kiv

K †j‡mv  †jqvi hvq? (Ávb)

M gvwK© N c¨v‡jU 1 L 2

274.cÖwZwU †jqv‡ii G‡Kev‡i evgw`‡K wK‡mi M3 N 4

AvBKb i‡q‡Q? (Ávb) 286. †jqvi‡K Kxfv‡e Uv‡M©U †jqv‡i cwiYZ

K cvwL L wegvb Kiv hvq? (Abyaveb)

 †PvL N Zvjv K †jqvi‡K Delete K‡i

275. cÖwZwU †jqv‡ii G‡Kev‡i evgw`‡K †h L †jqvi‡K Select K‡i

†Pv‡Li AvBKb i‡q‡Q Zv‡K Kx ejv nq?(Ávb)  †jqvi Gi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi wK¬K K‡i

 †jqvi wfwRwewjwU L †jqvi GwewjwU N †gby‡Z gvDm c‡q›Uvi wK¬K K‡i

M †jqvi BbwfwRwewjwU N †jqvi Gbvej 287. Opacity Kx?

276. Avwe` GKwU †jqv‡ii Qwe A`„k¨ K‡i (Ávb)

†`L‡Z Pvq| GRb¨ Zv‡K wb‡Pi †Kvb K †jqvi wba©viK L †jqvi cwieZ©K

AvBK‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM) M i‡Oi ¯^íZv  i‡Oi MvpZ¡

K   288. Opacity †jqvi Dc‡i gvDm c‡q›Uvi ¯’vcb

M N + Ki‡j gvDm c‡q›Uvi wK‡m cwiYZ n‡e?
277. d‡Uvk‡c †PvL AvBK‡bi †Kvb cv‡ki (Ávb)
mvwi‡Z _v¤^‡bBj AvBKb i‡q‡Q? (Ávb) K GKgyLx Zx‡i  wØgyLx Zx‡i
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  133
M wÎgyLx Zx‡i N PZzgy©Lx Zx‡i GK L `yB M wZb N Pvi
289. wØgyLx ZxiwU †Kvb w`‡K Wª¨vM Ki‡j 302. e¨vKMÖvDÛ GKvwaK iOwewkó Giƒc
i‡Oi MvpZ¡ Kg‡e? (Ávb) Qwe µc Kivi †¶‡Î †Kvb Uzj w`‡q wm‡j±
 evg L Wvb Ki‡Z n‡e? (Ávb)
M Dci N wb‡P K Lasso L Layer
M Automate  Crop
290. †U·U e‡· mivmwi Kx UvBc K‡i i‡Oi
MvpZ¡ Kg †ewk Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
303.B‡iRvi Uzj w`‡q hLb †Kv‡bv is gy‡Q †djv
K Aÿim~PK eY© L wPým~PK eY©
nq ZLb H iswU Avm‡j wK‡mi is w`‡q
 cwigvYm~PK msL¨v N eY©evPK msL¨v
†X‡K †`Iqv nq? (Ávb)
K Foreground L Background
291. †jqvi evwZj ev †d‡j †`qvi Rb¨ †jqvi
 K¨vbfvm N c¨v‡jU
c¨v‡j‡Ui cc-Avc †gby †_‡K †Kvb KgvÛ
304. wKiƒc †jqv‡ii Qwe B‡iRvi Uzj w`‡q
w`‡Z n‡e? (Ávb)
¯^vfvweK wbq‡g gy‡Q †djv hvq? (Ávb)
 Delete layer L Select layer
M Target layer N Field layer K mv`v L a~mi M ev`vgx  ¯^”Q

292. †Kv‡bv †jqvi hw` A`„k¨ _v‡K Zvn‡j 305.m~² Ask †gvQvi Rb¨ Kx‡ev‡W©i CAPS
†Kvb KgvÛ w`‡j ïay `„k¨gvb †jqvi¸‡jv LOCK †P‡c w`‡j B‡iRvi Uzj †Kvb wP‡ýi

GKxf‚Z n‡e? (Ávb) AvKvi aviY K‡i? (Ávb)

K Flatten Image  Merge Visible K-  + M= N
M Merge Down N Merge Point 306. K¨vbfv‡mi is †Kgb n‡j g‡b n‡e isUv
293. †Kvb KgvÛ w`‡j wm‡j± Kiv †jqvi Ges gy‡Q hv‡”Q? (Ávb)
wVK Zvi wb‡Pi †jqvi GKxf‚Z n‡e? (Ávb) K Kv‡jv L bxj  mv`v N bxj
K Flatten Image L Merge Visible
307. †KvbwU wm‡j± Ki‡j ivevi B‡iRvi
M Merge Point  Merge Down
B‡jKUªwbK ms¯‹i‡Yi g‡Zv KvR K‡i?(Ávb)
294. †Kvb KgvÛ w`‡j me¸‡jv †jqvi GKxf‚Z
K eªvk  eK M †cwÝj N Wv÷vi
n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
308. Gradient Tool-Gi GKB Ae¯’v‡b †Kvb Uzj
K Merge Down L Merge Visible
M Merge Point  Flatten Image i‡q‡Q? (Ávb)

295.†c÷ Kivi Av‡M wKiƒc †jqvi ˆZwi K‡i wb‡j K B‡iRvi L †iv‡UU

KvU ev Kwc Kiv †Kv‡bv welq H †jqv‡iB  †cB›U ev‡KU N wjwbqvi

†c÷ nq? (Ávb) 309.†MÖwW‡q›U Uzj wm‡j± Ki‡j Ackb evi-G

K A¯^”Q L mv`v  ¯^”Q N a~mi KZ cÖKvi †MÖwW‡q›U ˆZwii AvBKb
296. Qwe †Qu‡U †djvi KvR Ki‡Z nq †Kvb cvIqv hv‡e? (Ávb)

Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨? (Ávb) K2 L 3 M4  5

K Merge Down L Marquee 310. GKwU is ïiæ †_‡K †k‡li w`‡K wgwj‡q
 Crop N Lasso hvIqv‡K Kx ejv nq? (Ávb)
297. Crop k‡ãi A_© Kx? K Wª¨vM  †eøÛ M wjwbqvi N wdj
(Ávb) 311.†Kvb †eø‡Û is GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ
K cwi®‹vi Kiv L ev` †`Iqv †cuŠQ‡Z µgvš^‡q wgwj‡q hvq? (Ávb)
M ¯^”Q Kiv  †Qu‡U †djv  Linear L Radical
298. wm‡jKk‡bi AvqZKvi e‡· †gvU KqwU M Reflected N Diamond

duvcv PZz‡®‹vY e· †`Lv hv‡e? (Ávb) 312.†Kvb Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ wZb Bw cÖ¯’ I `yB
K2 L 4 M6  8 Bw D”PZvwewkó GKwU wm‡jKkb ˆZwi
299. wm‡jKkb GjvKv P‚ovšÍ Kivi ci K‡i †bIqv hvq? (Ávb)

Kx‡ev‡W©i †Kvb †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j K Dce„ËvKvi gvwK© Uzj L j¨v‡mv Uzj

wm‡jKk‡bi evB‡ii AskUzKz ev` c‡o  AvqZvKvi gvwK© Uzj N µc

hv‡e? (Ávb) 313. †MÖwW‡q›U Uzj wm‡j± K‡i gvDm

K Home  Enter K¨vbfv‡m wb‡q G‡j †Kvb wP‡ý cwiYZ
M Tab N End n‡e? (Ávb)
[Link] we‡kl Ask wm‡j± Kivi ci hw` Wªc K ¸Y L fvM  †hvM N we‡qvM
Kivi KvR †_‡K weiZ _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb nq 314.c`©vq †Kv‡bv wKQz wm‡j± Kiv bv n‡j
Zvn‡j †Kvb Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e? (Ávb) KZUzKz c`©v Ry‡o †eøÛ ˆZwi Kiv hvq?
K Enter L Delete
(Ávb)
 Esc N End
K A‡a©K L 4 fv‡Mi 1 fvM
301. †njv‡bv Qwe µc Kivi c×wZ KqwU i‡Oi
M 4 fv‡Mi 3 fvM  m¤ú~Y©
mwjW e¨vKMÖvD‡Ûi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨?(Ávb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  134
315. †iwWqvj †MÖwW‡q›U ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ 322. GKwU Qwe eo Ki‡jÑ
†Kvb evi-G †iwWqvj †MÖwW‡q›U i. wc‡·j¸‡jv †`Lv hv‡e
AvBK‡b wK¬K K‡i mwµq K‡i wb‡Z n‡e? ii. Qwe cwi®‹vi n‡e
(Ávb) iii. Qwe †d‡U hv‡e
K Uzjevi L †gbyevi  Ackbevi N UvB‡Ujevi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
316.†MÖwW‡q›U evi G wK¬K Ki‡j Kx cvIqv (Abyaveb)
hvq? (Ávb) K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 †MÖwW‡q›U GwWUi WvqvjM e· 323. G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡ci Color Mode Wªc-
L G·j GwWUi WvqvjM e· WvD‡b †gby‡Z _v‡KÑ
M wdì GwWUi WvqvjM e· i. RGB
ii. CMYK
N wjwbKi GwWUi WvqvjM e·
iii. Bitmap
317. †MÖwW‡q›U møvBWv‡ii evg Ges Wvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
cÖv‡šÍi wb‡P Kx i‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
(Abyaveb)
 Color Stop L Linear Stop
M Opacity Stop N Field Ki I ii L i I iii
M ii I iii I iii  i, ii
 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK 324. G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡c-
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi i. UvB‡Uj evi-Gi wb‡P i‡q‡Q †gbyevi
ii. †gbyevi-Gi wb‡P i‡q‡Q Ackb evi
318.G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc mdUIq¨v‡ii mvnv‡h¨Ñ
iii. Ackb evi-Gi wb‡P i‡q‡Q UvB‡Uj evi
i. Qwei J¾¡j¨ evov‡bv-Kgv‡bv hvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. Qwei AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask †K‡U †djv hvq
(Abyaveb)
iii. Qwei `vM ev ΓwU gy‡Q †djv hvq
i I ii L i I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M ii I iii I iii
N i, ii
(Abyaveb)
325. d‡Uvk‡ci Uzj e‡· i‡q‡QÑ
Ki I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. Zzwj
319. Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Qwe m¤úv`bv
ii. wbqš¿‡Yi AvBKb
Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z nqÑ
iii. gv¯‹ AvBKb
i. K¨v‡givq †Zvjv Qwe
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. nv‡Z AuvKv Qwe
(Abyaveb)
iii. bKkv
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
326. c¨v‡j‡Ui Dc‡ii Wvb w`‡K we`¨gvb
(Abyaveb)
we‡qvM wPýhy³ AvBK‡b wK¬K Ki‡jÑ
Ki I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. c¨v‡jUwU ¸wU‡q hv‡e
[Link] Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡i G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡c
ii. AvBKbwU PZz‡®‹vY AvBK‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡e
†ek wKQz Qwe m¤úv`b Kij| GB Qwe¸‡jv
iii. c¨v‡jUwU m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡e
†m e¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. e¨vbv‡i
(Abyaveb)
ii. weÁvc‡b
i I ii L i I
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii
iii. Avgš¿Yc‡Î
327. d‡Uvk‡ci K¨vbfv‡mÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. Wvbcv‡k i‡q‡Q c¨v‡jU
(Abyaveb)
ii. evgcv‡k i‡q‡Q Zzwj ev eªvk
Ki I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
iii. Wvbcv‡k i‡q‡Q is I Qwe
[Link] cÖwZ 72 wc‡·j K_vwUi A_© n‡”QÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. GK Bw‡Z AvovAvwo Ges LvovLvwofv‡e
(Abyaveb)
72wU wc‡·‡ji 72wU jvBb _v‡K
Ki I ii L i I iii
ii. ïay AvovAvwofv‡e 72wU wc‡·‡ji 72wU
 ii I iii N i, ii I iii
jvBb _vK‡e
328. c¨v‡j‡Ui D`vniY n‡jvÑ
iii. GK eM© Bw‡Z †gvU wc‡·‡ji cwigvY
i. Layer
`uvov‡e 5184 wc‡·j ii. Path
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. Channel
(Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ki I ii  i I iii (Abyaveb)
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Ki I ii L i I iii
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  135
M iiI iii  i, ii I iii 335. †d`vi-Gi ˆewkó¨ `„k¨gvb n‡e-
329. c¨v‡j‡Ui Uc evi-G Wvej wK¬K Ki‡jÑ i. †d`vi N‡i cwigvYm~PK msL¨v UvBc-K‡i
i. m¤cÖmvwiZ c¨v‡jU ¸wU‡q hv‡e Kx‡ev‡W©i G›Uvi †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j
ii. Kw¤úDUvi Ad n‡q hv‡e ii. gvwK© Uzj ev Ab¨ Uzj w`‡q is K‡i c~iY
iii. ¸wU‡q _vKv c¨v‡jU m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡e Ki‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. Kwc ev KvU K‡i Ae‡R± †c÷ Kivi ci
(Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ki I ii  i I iii (Abyaveb)
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Ki Iii L i I iii
330. Uzj e‡· †Kv‡bv Uzj wm‡j± K‡i gvDm M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
c‡q›Uvi c`©vi †fZ‡i wb‡jÑ [Link] N‡i 50 UvBc K‡i Ok †evZv‡g
i. wm‡j± Uz‡ji wbR¯^ AvK…wZ‡Z †`Lv hvq wK¬K Ki‡jÑ
ii. KL‡bv †hvM wPý¸‡jv †`Lv hvq i. wm‡jKkbwU †dviMÖvDÛ i‡Oi 50% MvpZvq
iii. m¤úv`bv Uzj¸‡jv e„Ë ev †Mvj AvK…wZ‡Z c~iY n‡e
cÖ`wk©Z nq ii. wm‡jKkbwU †dviMÖvDÛ i‡Oi 100%
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? MvpZvq c~iY n‡e
(Abyaveb) iii. wm‡jKkbwU gvSvgvwS i‡Oi MvpZ¡ cÖKvk
Ki I ii L i I iii Ki‡e
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
[Link]‡jKkb Uz‡ji g‡a¨ gvwK© Uzj w`‡q- (Abyaveb)
i. PZz‡®‹vY I e„ËvKvi wm‡jKkb Kiv hvq K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
ii. Ae‡R± ˆZwii KvR Kiv hvq 337.†÷ªvK c×wZ‡Z eW©vi ˆZwi Kiv hvqÑ
iii. Qwei `vM †gvQv hvq i. Zzwji is Øviv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. †dviMÖvD‡Ûi is Øviv
(Abyaveb) iii. K¨vbfvm is Øviv
i I I iii
ii M ii I iii
L i N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
332. Alt †evZv‡g wK¬K K‡i WªvM Ki‡jÑ (Abyaveb)
i. e„Ë wm‡jKkb n‡e i I ii L i I iii
ii. eM© wm‡jKkb n‡e M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. AvqZ‡¶Î wm‡jKkb n‡e 338. †jqvi Øviv Ñ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. Qwe m¤úv`bvi KvR Kiv nq
(Abyaveb) ii. Ae‡R± ˆZwii KvR Kiv nq
iI ii L i I iii iii. Qwei ¸Yv¸Y wePvi Kiv nq
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
333. Uzj e‡·i wb‡Pi As‡k _v‡K Ñ (Abyaveb)
i. Foreground Kvjvi AvBKb i I ii L i I iii
ii. Background Kvjvi AvBKb M ii I iii I iii
N i, ii
iii. Marquee Uzj 339. K¨vbfvm ¯^”Q n‡jÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. cÖwZ ¯Í‡i we`¨gvb Qwe †`‡L †`‡L KvR Kiv
(Abyaveb) hvq
i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. Qwei Kv‡Ri †KvqvwjwU fv‡jv nq
334.†Kv‡bv wm‡jKkb fvmgvb _vKv Ae¯’vq is iii. K¨vbfv‡mi wb‡Pi w`‡K KvR Kiv mnR nq
w`‡q c~iY Kivi Rb¨ Ñ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. Kx‡ev‡W©i Alt †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L Backspace (Abyaveb)
Pvc w`‡Z n‡e i I ii L i I iii
ii. Kx‡ev‡W©i Shift †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L Backspace M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Pvc w`‡Z n‡e 340. Background Eraser Uzj w`‡q Qwei
iii. Kx‡ev‡W©i Ctrl †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L Backspace †h‡Kv‡bv As‡k wK¬K Ki‡jÑ
Pvc w`‡Z n‡e i. Qwei IB Ask gy‡Q hv‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. c¨v‡j‡Ui †jqviwU Avcbv-Avcwb Layer O-G
(Abyaveb) cwiYZ n‡e
Ki I ii  i I iii iii. Qwei IB Ask †ewk D¾¡j n‡e
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  136
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Ki I ii  i I iii
(Abyaveb) M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i I ii L i I iii 347. d‡Uvk‡c KvR †kl Kivi ci Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Kw¤úDUv‡i ev wcÖw›Us †gwk‡b †bIqv
341. †jqv‡ii †¶‡Î A`„k¨ †Pv‡Li RvqMvwU hvqÑ
wK¬K Ki‡jÑ i. wmwW‡Z Kwc K‡i
i. †Pv‡Li AvBKbwU `„k¨gvb n‡e ii. †cbWªvB‡f
ii. †jqv‡ii Qwe c`©vq `„k¨gvb n‡e iii. eyUz‡_i gva¨‡g
iii. †jqv‡ii Qwe A`„k¨B †_‡K hv‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Ávb)
(Abyaveb) Ki I ii L i I iii
i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
342. GKwU †jqvi‡K Uv‡M©U †jqv‡i cwiYZ [Link] ev Kwc Kiv †Kv‡bv welq †c÷ Ki‡jÑ
Kivi Rb¨Ñ i. Avcbv Avcwb bZzb †jqvi ˆZwi nq
i. †jqviwUi Dci wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e ii. †c÷ Kiv Ae‡R± bZzb †jqv‡i †c÷ nq
ii. †jqviwU wm‡j‡±W n‡Z n‡e iii. Av‡M ¯^”Q †jqvi ˆZwi _vK‡j H †jqv‡i †c÷
iii. †jqviwU AvbWy Ki‡Z n‡e n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(Abyaveb) (Abyaveb)
i I ii L i I iii Ki I ii L i I iii
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
343.†jqvim c¨v‡j‡Ui cc-Avc †gby‡Z KgvÛ¸‡jv 349. Uz‡ji gva¨‡gÑ
Crop
n‡jvÑ i. Qwei cÖvšÍ¸‡jv †_‡K wKQyUv Ask †Qu‡U
i. Merge Visible †djv hvq
ii. Flatten Image
ii. Qwei AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask ev` †`Iqv hvq
iii. Merge Down
iii. Qwe mgvšÍivj Kiv hvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(Abyaveb)
(Abyaveb)
Ki I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
Ki Iii L i I iii
344.†Kv‡bv †jqvi hw` A`„k¨ _v‡K Zvn‡j Merge
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
Visible KgvÛ w`‡j Ñ
350. wRqvb G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡c GKwU Qwe
i. ïay `„k¨gvb †jqvi¸‡jv GKxf‚Z n‡e
ˆZwi Kij| Qwei Ge‡ov‡_e‡ov cÖvšÍ ev
ii. A`„k¨ †jqvi¸‡jv GKxf‚Z n‡e
eW©vi †Qu‡U †djvi Rb¨ Zv‡KÑ
iii. A`„k¨ †jqvi¸‡jv GKxf‚Z n‡e bv
i. Uzj e· †_‡K Crop Uzj wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii. AvqZvKvi gvwK© Uz‡ji g‡Zv wK¬K I
(Abyaveb)
Wª¨vM Qwei Ge‡ov‡_e‡ov cÖvšÍ ev
K i I ii  i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
eW©vi AskUzKz evB‡i †i‡L †fZ‡ii
345. †jqvim c¨v‡j‡Ui cc-Avc †gby‡Z Merge
cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e
Down KgvÛ w`‡jÑ
iii. wm‡jKk‡bi PZz‡®‹vY e·¸‡jv‡Z Wej wK¬K
i. wm‡j± Kiv †jqvi GKxf~Z n‡e
Ki‡Z n‡e
ii. wm‡j± Kiv †jqv‡ii wVK wb‡Pi †jqvi GKxf~Z
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
n‡e
(cÖ‡qvM)
iii. A`„k¨ †jqvi¸‡jvI GKxf~Z n‡e
i I ii L i I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
(Abyaveb)
351. †njv‡bv Qwe µc Kivi †¶Î
i I ii L i I iii
i. dvBj †gby †_‡K Automate KgvÛ e¨envi Ki‡Z
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
n‡e
346. Opacity cwieZ©b Kiv hvqÑ
ii. mswkó mve‡gby †_‡K Crop and Straighten
i. Wªv‡Mi gva¨‡g
photos KgvÛ wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e
ii. ¯Œ‡j AvcWvD‡bi gva¨‡g
iii. e¨vKMÖvDÛ GKvwaK iswewkó n‡j µwcs-Gi
iii. mivmwi cwigvYm~PK msL¨v UvBc K‡i
KvR Kiv hv‡e bv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(cÖ‡qvM)
(Abyaveb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  137
iI ii L i I iii wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 357 I 358 bs cÖ‡kœi
M ii I iii I iii
N i, ii DËi `vI :
352. †MÖwW‡q›U ˆZwii AvBKb- wisKz GKwU Qwe m¤úv`bvi Rb¨ Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡i
i. Linear Gradient G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvgwU Pvjy Kij| †m
ii. Reflected Gradient
wc‡·‡ji N‡i 36 UvBc Kij|
iii. Diamond Gradient
357. wisKz †h QwewU wb‡q KvR Ki‡e Zvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
cÖwZ Bw‡Z LvovLvwo KqwU jvBb
(Abyaveb)
_vK‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
K i I ii L i I iii
K 18  36
M ii I iii I iii
 i, ii
M 72 N 144
353. †iwWqvj †eø‡Û-
358. D³ Qwei †iRy‡jkb KZ n‡e?
i. is ïi“i ¯’vb †_‡K PZzw`©‡K we¯Í„Z n‡q
(cÖ‡qvM)
µgvš^‡q wgwj‡q hvq
 1296 L 2592
ii. is GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ †cuŠQ‡Z
M 3888 N 5184
†cuŠQ‡Z µgvš^‡q wgwj‡q hvq
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 359 I 360 bs cÖ‡kœi
iii. PZzw`©‡Ki Mvp is †K‡›`ªi w`‡K AMÖmi
DËi `vI :
n‡Z n‡Z µgvš^‡q wgwj‡q hvq
wgjb‡K Zvi evev GKwU Ge‡ov‡_e‡ov cyi‡bv Qwe
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
w`‡q ÷zwWI‡Z wM‡q QwewU cwi®‹vi K‡i Avb‡Z
(Abyaveb)
ej‡jb| wgjb ÷zwWI †_‡K QwewU wVK K‡i Avb‡j
Ki I ii  i I iii
Zvi evev QwewU †`‡L Lye Lywk n‡jb|
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
[Link]‡bi evevi QwewU cÖ_‡g †Kvb h‡š¿i
354. mv`v-Kv‡jv ev i‡Oi `„k¨gvbZv
mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i wb‡Z n‡q‡Q?
Avkvbyiƒc Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb -
(cÖ‡qvM)
i. J¾¡j¨ kvwbZ Kiv
K K¨v‡giv  ¯‹¨vbvi
ii. QwewU Acwi®‹vi ivLv
M d‡Uv÷¨vU N wcÖ›Uvi
iii. KbUªv÷ mgš^q Kiv
360.÷zwWIi †jvKwU‡K D³ QwewU wVK Ki‡Z
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (cÖ‡qvM)
Ñ
K i I ii  i I iii
i. d‡Uvk‡ci Uzj e· †_‡K Crop Tool wm‡j± Ki‡Z
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
n‡q‡Q
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb ii. Ge‡ov‡_e‡ov Ask ev‡` cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask wm‡j±

cÖ‡kœvËi Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q

iii. wm‡jKkb †k‡l Kx‡ev‡W©i Enter †evZv‡g Pvc
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 355 I 356 bs cÖ‡kœi
w`‡Z n‡q‡Q
DËi `vI :
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
QywUi w`‡b dvwn‡gi gv eviv›`vq e‡m cyi‡bv,
(D”PZi `¶Zv)
Qwei Gjevg †`LwQ‡jb| Qwe¸‡jv me mv`vKv‡jv|
Ki iiI L i I iii
dvwn‡gi Zvi gv-evevi GKwU Qwe Lye cQ›` n‡jv|
M iiI iii  i, ii I iii
†m QwewU iwOb Kivi Rb¨ Zvi gv‡qi KvQ †_‡K
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 361 I 362 bs cÖ‡kœi
†P‡q wbj|
DËi `vI :
355. KvRwU Kivi Rb¨ dvwng‡K †Kvb
AvwkK G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡c †MÖwW‡q‡›Ui Rb¨ `ywUi
mdUIq¨viwU e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
†ewk is e¨envi Ki‡Z Pvq|
K Powerpoint  Photoshop
M Illustrator N Maya
361. AvwkK‡K ¯vBWv‡i bZzb K‡i Kx †hvM
356. D³ mdUIq¨vi w`‡qÑ Ki‡Z n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
K Color Start L Color End
i. Gwb‡gkb hy³ Kiv hvq
M Color Mix  Color Stop
ii. Qwei `vM ev ΓwU gy‡Q †djv hvq
362. DcwiD³ D‡Ï‡k¨Ñ
iii. nv‡Z AuvKv Qwe Kw¤úDUv‡i wb‡q
i. Kx‡ev‡W©i Ctrl + Alt + C Pvc‡Z n‡e
m¤úv`bv Kiv hvq
ii. ¯vBWv‡ii wb‡P †h‡Kv‡bv RvqMvq wK¬K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ki‡j cv‡ki Kvjv‡ii m‡½ iO wgkª‡Yi
(Abyaveb)
ga¨we›`y wba©viK WvqgÛmn wK¬K Kiv
i I ii L i I iii
Ae¯’v‡b bZzb UzjwU hy³ n‡e
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. cÖ‡qvRbxq UzjwU AwZwi³ msL¨K evi
†hvM Kiv n‡q _vK‡j Zv †d‡j †`Iqvi Rb¨
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  138
mswkó AvBK‡b wK¬K I Wª¨vM K‡i ¯-  mvaviY enywbe©vPwb
vBWv‡ii evB‡i G‡b †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e
cÖ‡kœvËi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
K i I ii L i I iii 369. Bjv‡÷ªU‡ii cÖavb KvR †KvbwU?
 ii I iii N i, ii I iii (Ávb)

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 363 I 364 bs cÖ‡kœi K Qwe m¤úv`bvi KvR  A¼b wk‡íi KvR

DËi `vI : M †jv‡Mv ˆZwii KvR N weÁvcb ˆZwii KvR

Ae‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ bgbxq Kivi Rb¨ G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡c [Link]‡`i †`‡k Mí, KweZv, Dcb¨vm, cÖeÜ
GKwU we‡kl Uzj i‡q‡Q hv wd`vi bv‡g cwiwPwZ| BZ¨vw` cÖKvkbvi cÖ”Q` ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨
wd`v‡ii cwigvY Ae‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ †_‡K †fZi I evB‡i wkíxiv †Kvb †cÖvMÖvg †ewk e¨envi K‡i
mgvbfv‡e we¯Í„Z nq| _v‡Kb? (Ávb)

363. Ackb evi-G D³ Uz‡ji N‡i wb‡Pi †Kvb K d‡Uvkc L cvIqvi c‡q›U

msL¨vwU UvBc Kiv hv‡e? (cÖ‡qvM) M G‡·j  Bjv‡÷ªUi

 200 L 300 371. Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi K‡i wWRvB‡bi KvR

M 400 N 500 Kivi Rb¨ †Kvb †cÖvMÖv‡gi Pvwn`v
364.D³ N‡i 25 UvBc Ki‡j cÖv‡šÍi bgbxqZv KZ me‡P‡q †ewk? (Ávb)
n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM) K d‡Uvkc L cvIqvic‡q›U
K 25  50  Bjv‡÷ªUi N GgGm G‡·j
M 75 N 100 372. †Kvb †cÖvMÖvg †jLvi c‡i A¶i ev
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 365 I 366 bs cÖ‡kœi A¶img~‡ni AvKvi Ges AvK…wZ †hfv‡e
DËi `vI : B”Qv ev cÖ‡qvRb †mfv‡eB cwieZ©b K‡i
kwdK G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡c GKwU cÖ‡R± wb‡q KvR †bIqv hvq? (Ávb)
KiwQj| nVvr GKwU wm‡jKk‡bi eW©vi ˆZwi Kivi  Bjv‡÷ªUi L d‡Uvkc
cÖ‡qvRb n‡jv| M cvIqvi c‡q›U N wfRyqvj †ewmK
365. kwdK †Kvb KgvÛ e¨envi Ki‡e? 373. wkíxiv GLb Kx e¨envi K‡i cÖ”Q` ˆZwii
(cÖ‡qvM) KvR K‡i _v‡K? (Ávb)
K Layer L Lasso
 G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi L G· Bjv‡÷ªUi
M Opacity  Stroke
M wjwbqvi Bjv‡÷ªUi N wdì Bjv‡÷ªUi
366.D³ eW©v‡ii Width wn‡m‡e wb‡Pi †Kvb
374. Bjv‡÷ªU‡i New WvqvjM e· cvIqvi Rb¨
msL¨vwU BbcyU †hvM¨? (D”PZi `¶Zv)
kU©KvU KgvÛ †KvbwU? (Ávb)
 12 L 18
K Ctrl + M  Ctrl + N
M 24 N 30 M Shift + M N Shift + N
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 367 I 368 bs cÖ‡kœi 375. Bjv‡÷ªU‡i mvBR N‡i Wªc-WvDb Zx‡i
DËi `vI : wK¬K Ki‡j Kx ai‡bi †gby cvIqv hvq?(Ávb)
wiqvbv `xN©w`b a‡i MÖvwd‡·i KvR K‡i| G D‡Ï‡k¨ K Fixed L d¬vBAvDU
†m Anin G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvgwU e¨envi  Wªc-WvDb N Sidewise
K‡i _v‡K| 376. Avgv‡`i †`‡ki e¨enviKvixiv Bjv‡÷ªU‡i
367. D³ †cÖvMÖv‡g KvR Kivi Rb¨ Kg‡ewk †Kvb gv‡c KvR K‡i Af¨¯Í? (Ávb)
KqwU Uzj i‡q‡Q? (Abyaveb) K Matter L cm
K 49 L 59 M mm  inch

 69 N 79 377. Bjv‡÷ªU‡i Orientation Gi Wvbw`‡K

368. DcwiD³ †cÖvMÖv‡g i‡q‡QÑ gvby‡li wPÎ i‡q‡Q? (Ávb)

(D”PZi `¶Zv) K GKwU  `ywU

i. AmsL¨ Ackb c¨v‡jU, WvqvjM e· M wZbwU N PviwU

ii. eªv‡ki is Ges K¨vbfv‡mi is wbqš¿‡Yi [Link]‡÷ªU‡i Orientation-Gi Wvbw`‡K `ywU

AvBKb gvby‡li wP‡Îi cÖ_gwU‡Z wK¬K K‡i
iii. gv¯‹ AvBKb mwµq K‡i w`‡j KvMR Kx Ae¯’vq _vK‡e?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Ávb)
K Landscape L Horizontal
K i I ii L i I iii
 Potrait N Landrover
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
[Link]‡÷ªU‡i Orientation-Gi Wvbw`‡K `ywU
Bjv‡÷ªUi  c„ôv : 87104 gvby‡li wPÎ i‡q‡Q| wØZxqwU‡Z wK¬K
K‡i mwµq K‡i w`‡j KvMR Kx Ae¯’vq
_vK‡e? (Ávb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  139
K Potrait  Landscape 391. Ae‡R‡±i †fZ‡ii Ask‡K Kx ejv nq?
M Permeate N Landrover
(Ávb)
380. Bjv‡÷ªU‡i Color Mode As‡k KqwU Ackb  wdj L †÷ªvK
cvIqv hv‡e? (Ávb)
M †eÛ N ga¨we›`y
2 L 3
392. Kx‡ev‡W©i †Kvb †evZvgwU Pvc w`‡j
M4 N 5
Kvjvi c¨v‡jUwU c`©vq Dc¯’vwcZ n‡e?
381. gy`ª‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Bjv‡÷ªUi KvR Kivi Rb¨ (Ávb)
†Kvb †gv‡W KvR Kiv DËg? (Ávb) K F4 L F3
K RGB L GRB M F2  F6
 CMYK N YMCK
393. wdj I †÷ªvK †mvqv‡Pi e¨envi †KvbwUi
382. B‡jKUªwbK gva¨‡g e¨env‡ii Rb¨ m‡½ m¤úK©hy³? (Ávb)
Bjv‡÷ªU‡i †Kvb †gvW e¨envi Kiv DËg?  Uzj c¨v‡Uj L Kvjvi c¨v‡Uj
(Ávb)
M DB‡Ûv c¨v‡Uj N mvBR c¨v‡Uj
K CMYK L YMCK
394. wdj I †÷ªvK †mvqv‡Pi wb‡Pi mvwi‡Z
 RGB N GRB
[Link] WvqvjM e‡·i Name dvB‡ji Rb¨ †Kv‡bv KqwU AvBKb i‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
K2  3
bvg UvBc Kiv n‡j †gby evi-Gi Dc‡i
M4 N 5
UvB‡Uj evi-G G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi Gi
†Kvbw`‡K H bvg †`Lv hv‡e? (Ávb)
395. Kvjvi AvBK‡b wK¬K Ki‡j Kx nq?
(Abyaveb)
K Dci L evg
M wbP  Wvb
 i‡Oi c¨v‡jU mwµq nq L †MÖwW‡q›U
384. New WvqvjM e‡·i Name N‡i †Kv‡bv bvg c¨v‡jU mwµq nq
M †÷ªv‡Ki is wbw®Œq nq N wdj is
UvBc Kiv bv n‡j UvB‡Uj evi-G G‡Wvwe
Bjv‡÷ªUi Gi Wvbw`‡K Kx †jLv _vK‡e?(Ávb) c~Y© nq
K UvB‡UjW  AvbUvB‡UjW
[Link]‡÷ªU‡ii bvb AvBK‡b wK¬K Ki‡j Kx
M Anoymous N indefinite nq? (Abyaveb)

[Link]‡÷ªU‡i KZ¸‡jv dvBj‡K wewfbœ bv‡g K i‡Oi c¨v‡jU mwµq nq L †MÖwW‡q›U

AwfwnZ Kivi ci hLb †h bv‡gi dvBj wb‡q c¨v‡jU mwµq nq

KvR Kiv nq ZLb †mB dvBjwUi bvg †Kvb  †÷ªv‡Ki is wbw®Œq nq N wdj is

evi-G A¨vwc‡Kk‡bi bv‡gi Wvbw`‡K c~Y© nq

cÖ`wk©Z nq? (Ávb) [Link] AvBKb wK¬K Ki‡j wK‡mi c¨v‡jU
K †gbyevi  UvB‡Uj evi Avm‡e? (Ávb)
M Anonymous N indefinite  i‡Oi L †MÖwW‡q›U
386. Bjv‡÷ªU‡i †KvbwU‡Z wWRvBb M bvb N wfD
Wªwqs‡qi wewfbœ cÖKvi Uzj I Ackb 398. †Kvb AvBKbwU wK¬K Ki‡j wm‡j‡±W
_v‡K? (Ávb) Ae‡R‡±i wdj ev †÷ªv‡Ki is wbw®Œq ev
K Toolbox & Syestem L Toolbox & Layer evwZj n‡q hvq? (Ávb)
 Toolbox & Palette N Toolbox & items
K Kvjvi L †MÖwW‡q›U
[Link]‡÷ªU‡i GKB Ae¯’v‡b _vKv GKvwaK  bvb N wfD
Uz‡ji Ae¯’vb‡K Kx e‡j? (Ávb)
399. Bjv‡÷ªU‡i KvR Kivi mgq c„ôv eo K‡i
K Uzj e· L wm‡÷g Uzj
†`Lv‡K Kx ejv nq? (Ávb)
M c¨v‡jU Uzj  MÖ“c Uzj  Zoom in L Zoom out
388. MÖ“c Uz‡ji m‡½ †KvbgyLx w·KvY M Zoom of N Zoom over
i‡q‡Q? (Ávb) [Link]‡÷ªU‡i KvR Kivi mgq c„ôv †QvU K‡i
K EaŸ©gyLx L wbgœgyLx †`Lv‡K Kx ejv nq? (Abyaveb)
 WvbgyLx N evggyLx K Zoom in  Zoom out
M Zoom of N Zoom over
389. Uz‡ji m‡½ †Kvb wPý _vK‡j eyS‡Z n‡e
GKB Ae¯’v‡b AviI Uzj i‡q‡Q? (Ávb)
401. wK‡mi mvnv‡h¨ c`©vi Dci wK¬K I
K Zxi  w·KvY
Wª¨vM K‡i †ei nIqv Ask c`©vi †fZi
MT N Pvi‡KvY
Avb‡Z n‡e? (Ávb)
K Zoom in L Zoom for
[Link]‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ ev eW©vi‡K Kx ejv nq?
M Zoom for  Hand Tool
(Ávb)
402. Kx‡ev‡W©i †Kv_vq Pvc w`‡j Ryg
K wdj  †÷ªvK UzjwU, Ryg AvDU Uz‡j cwiYZ n‡e?
M jvBb N †eÛ (Abyaveb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  140
K Ctrl  Alt K Ae‡R± †`Lvi Rb¨ L Ae‡R± wW‡U± Kivi
M F6 N F2
Rb¨
[Link] †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L †Kvb †evZv‡g Pvc  Ae‡R± wm‡j± Kivi Rb¨ N Ae‡R±
w`‡j Ryg Gi KvR m¤úbœ n‡e? (cÖ‡qvM) DavI Kivi Rb¨
 nvB‡db L mgvb
415.†Kv‡bv Ae‡R± wm‡j± Ki‡j e‡·i Pvi †Kv‡Y
M Kgv N †mwg‡Kvjb
Ges Pvi evû‡Z PviwU Kx †`Lv hvq?(Ávb)
404. Ctrl †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L mgvb mgvb
 wimvBR e· L wÎfyR e·
†evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j †Kvb KvR m¤úbœ M e„Ë N mvgvšÍwiK
n‡e? (Ávb)
416.†Kv‡bv Ae‡R± wm‡j± Ki‡j e‡·i Pvi †Kv‡Y
K Zoom Out L Zoom Tool
PviwU Ges Pvi evû‡Z PviwU Kx †`Lv
 Zoom In N Hand For
405. Ae‡R± cÖK…Ziƒ‡c cÖ`wk©Z nq †Kvb hvq? (Ávb)
K eo eo wÎfzR  ¶z`ª duvcv e·
†gv‡W? (Ávb)
M eo duvcv e· N ¶z`ª fivU e·
K Underprint Preview †gv‡W
L Select print Preview †gv‡W
[Link]‡jKkb Uz‡ji Wvb cv‡ki mv`v UzjwU
 Pixel Preview †gv‡W
Kx? (Ávb)
K A¨v¼i Uzj L wimvBR Uzj
N small print Preview †gv‡W
 WvB‡i± wm‡jKkb Uzj N †cb Uzj
406.†Kvb †gv‡W cÖ`wk©Z iƒc gyw`ªZ nq?
(Ávb)
418. Kx‡ev‡W©i †Kvb †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L
K Pixel Preview  Overprint preview Wª¨vM Ki‡j Ae‡R± AvbycvwZK nv‡i
M Preview N Backspace Preview †QvU eo nq? (Ávb)
407. Kx‡ev‡W©i †Kvb †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L K Ctrl L Alt
 Shift N Cut
WvB‡i± wm‡jKkb Uzj w`‡q Ae‡R‡±i
cÖvšÍ †iLvi Dci wK¬K Ki‡j m¤ú~Y© 419. me¸‡jv Ae‡R± wm‡j‡±W _vKv Ae¯’vq
Ae‡R± wm‡j± n‡e? (Ávb)
Ae‡R±wUi Pviw`K w`‡q KqwU evDÛvwi
K Ctrl L F6 e· _vK‡e? (Ávb)
 Alt N Paste 1 L 2
408. Edit †gby †_‡K †Kvb KgvÛ wm‡j± Ki‡j M3 N 4
Ae‡R±wU wK¬c‡evW© bvgK A¯’vqx 420. Ae‡R± †gby †_‡K †Kvb KgvÛ w`‡j
¯§„wZ‡Z P‡j hvq? (Ávb) wm‡j‡±W Ae‡R±¸‡jv MÖæce× n‡q
K Paste  Cut hv‡e? (Ávb)
M Alt N Ctrl K Ungroup  Group
[Link]‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ‡iLv ev †iLvsk gy‡Q hv‡e M Lock N Select
†Kvb †evZvg Pvc‡j? (Ávb) 421. Object †gby †_‡K †Kvb KgvÊ w`‡j
 wWwjU L BbmvU© MÖæce× Ae‡R±¸‡jv MÖæcgy³ n‡e?(Ávb)
M †nvg N GÛ K Group  Ungroup
M Delete N Select
410. Ae‡R±wU G‡Kev‡i gy‡Q hv‡e †Kvb
†evZvg Pvc‡j? (Ávb)
422. jK Kiv Ae‡R±, jKgy³ Kivi Rb¨ †gbyi
K BbmvU©  e¨vK‡¯úm
†Kvb KgvÛ w`‡Z nq? (Ávb)
K Lock all  Unlock all
M †nvg N BÛ
M Group all N Ungroup All
[Link]‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ‡iLv ev eW©vi †iLv‡K Kx [Link]‡R± wm‡j± Kivi ci GwWU †gbyi KvU
e‡j? (Ávb)
KgvÛ w`‡j Ae‡R±wU Kx nq? (Abyaveb)
 Path L Segment
 A`„k¨ n‡q hvq L Kwc nq
M paste N Ctrl
M wVK RvqMv _v‡K N ev` n‡q hvq
[Link]‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ‡iLv g~jZ wK‡mi mgš^‡q
MwVZ? (Ávb)
[Link] I Kwc Kiv †Kvb Ae‡R± Kw¤úDUv‡ii
K †÷ªvK L †mvqvm
†Kv_vq Rgv _v‡K? (Ávb)
K Gw›U †ev‡W©  wK¬c †ev‡W©
M c¨v‡jU  †mM‡g›U
M Wª¨vM e‡· N MÖæc e‡·
413. wm‡jKkb Uzj‡K Kx e‡j D‡jL Kiv nq?
(Ávb)
425. GwWU †gby †_‡K †Kv_vq KgvÛ Ki‡j
 Kv‡jv Zxi L jvj Zxi
Ae‡R± c`©vq ¯’vwcZ nq? (Ávb)
K Cut L Copy
M bxj Zxi N Zxi
 Paste N View
414. wm‡jKkb Uzj e¨envi Kiv nq †Kb?
(cÖ‡qvM)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  141
[Link]‡ev‡W©i †Kvb †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L †Kvb 437. RGB †gv‡W KvR Ki‡j Kvjvi møvBWvi
Ae‡R± Wª¨vM Ki‡j IB Ae‡R‡±i ûeû Kwc KqwU _v‡K? (Ávb)
ˆZwi n‡q ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq? (Ávb) K1 L 2
K Cut  Alt 3 N 4
M Paste N Select
438. CMYK †gv‡W KvR Ki‡j Kvjvi møvBWvi
[Link] †gbyi †Kvb KgvÛ w`‡j Kwc Kiv KqwU _v‡K? (Ávb)
Ae‡R± D³ Ae‡R‡±i wVK Dci ¯’vwcZ nq? K1 L 2 M3  4
(cÖ‡qvM)
[Link]‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ‡iLv ev jvBb ev eW©vi‡K
 Paste in Front L Paste in Back
Kx ejv nq? (Ávb)
M Paste in view N Paste in Select
 cv_ L eW©vi
[Link] †gbyi †Kvb KgvÛ w`‡j Kwc Kiv
M †mvqvm N †÷ªvK
Ae‡R± D³ Ae‡R‡±i wVK †cQ‡b ¯’vwcZ
nq? (cÖ‡qvM)
440.cv_ ev †iLv †gvUv wPKb Kivi cwigvc‡K
K Paste in Front  Paste in Back Kx wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv nq? (Ávb)
M Paste in view N Paste in Select  †÷ªvK L wdj
429. †jqvi k‡ãi A_© Kx? M wdì N †mvqvm
(Ávb) 441. †÷ªvK †gvUv wPKb Kiv nq wK‡mi
K fvM  ¯Íi mvnv‡h¨? (Ávb)
M Ask N Dcv`vb K wdj c¨v‡jU L †mvqvm c¨v‡jU
430. wZbwU Kv‡Pi Dci ev Ab¨vb ¯^”Q M wdì c¨v‡jU  †÷ªvK c¨v‡jU
gva¨‡g wZbwU Ae‡R± ev Qwe ˆZwi K‡i [Link]‡÷ªU‡i †iLvi miæ ev †gvUvi cwigvY
GKwUi Dci GKwU ¯’vb Ki‡j KqwU Ae‡R± wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ 0 †_‡K KZ c‡q›U ch©šÍ
†`Lv hv‡e? (Ávb) e¨envi Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
K1 L 2 K 10 L 100
3 N 4  1000 N 10,000
431. c`©vq †jqvi c¨v‡jU †`Lv bv †M‡j †Kvb [Link]‡÷ªUi RbwcÖq nIqvi Ab¨Zg KviY Kx?
†gby †_‡K †jqvi KgvÛ w`‡j c`©vq †jqvi (Ávb)
c¨v‡jU Dc¯’vwcZ n‡e? (Ávb) K †÷ªvK Uzj e¨envi L †cwÝj Uzj e¨envi
K Create new layer L Open  †cb Uzj e¨envi N wdj Uzj e¨envi
 Window N Ok
444. GKwU mij cv_ ev †iLvi `yB cÖv‡šÍ Kx
432. †jqvi c¨v‡j‡Ui †Kvb †gby †_‡K Delete _v‡K? (Ávb)
KgvÛ w`‡j wm‡j± Kiv †jqviwU evwZj K wcKv c‡q›U  A¨vsKi c‡q›U
n‡q hv‡e? (Ávb)
M wc‡·j c‡q›U N bigvj c‡q›U
K Window L Objcet
 Pop-up N Create up
[Link] mij cv_ ev †iLvi `yB cÖv‡šÍ KqwU
433. AvU©IqvK© ev Ae‡R±wewkó †jqvi A¨vsKi c‡q›U _v‡K? (Ávb)
K1  2
evwZj Kivi cÖwµqvi mZK©Zvg~jK
M3 N 4
evZ©vwU Kx? (Abyaveb)
K Ò†jqviwU evwZj Ki‡Z PvbÓ
446. cÖ_g A¨vsKi c‡q›U‡K Kx ejv nq?
(Ávb)
 Ò†jqviwU evwZj Ki‡Z Pvb wKbvÓ
 Starting Point L End Point
M Ò†jqviwU evwZj Kiv hv‡e bvÓ
M Middle Point N Hearing Point
N Ò†jqviwU evwZj Ki‡Z n‡eÓ
447.e·cv_ ev e·‡iLv-Gi A¨vsKi c‡q›U¸‡jvi mv‡_
434. Ae‡R± ˆZwii ci cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Kx Kx _v‡K? (Ávb)
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq? (Ávb)
 K‡›Uªvj n¨v‡Ûj L K‡›Uªvj e·
 is L †jqvi
M K‡›Uªvj cv_ N K‡›Uªvj c‡q›U
M †mvqvb N A¨vsKi
448.K‡›Uªvj n¨v‡Û‡ji evB‡ii cÖv‡šÍ Kx _v‡K?
435.c`©vq Kvjvi c¨v‡jU †`Lv bv †M‡j Window (Ávb)
†gbyi †Kvb KgvÛ w`‡j c`©vq Kvjvi K K‡›Uªvj n¨v‡Ûj L K‡›Uªvj e·
c¨v‡jU Avm‡e? (Ávb)
M K‡›Uªvj cv_  K‡›Uªvj c‡q›U
K Style  Color
M Swatches N Width
449.K‡›Uªvj n¨v‡Û‡ji evB‡ii cÖv‡šÍ ev gv_vq
[Link] i‡Oi g‡W‡j KvR Ki‡j Kvjvi ¯- Aew¯’Z K‡›Uªvj c‡q›U G wK¬K K‡i †iLvi
vBWvi _v‡K KqwU? (Ávb)
Kx wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
K cv_ L mijZv
1 L 2
 eµZv N cu¨vPv‡bv
M3 N 4
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  142
450. †cb Uz‡ji Av‡iK iƒc Kx? 462. fvwU©K¨vj †¯‹j N‡ii Wvb w`‡Ki Wªc
(Ávb) WvDb Zx‡i wK¬K K‡i gvD‡m Pvc ivL‡j
†cwÝj Uzj L wdj Uzj wK‡mi ZvwjKv cvIqv hv‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
M†÷ªvK Uzj N wdì Uzj K gvcm~PK L wPým~PK
451.†KvbwU †f±i Ae‡R± ˆZwii cÖavbZg Uzj?  msL¨vm~PK N AvK…wZm~PK
(Ávb) 463. Aÿ‡ii ¯^vfvweK gvc †KvbwU?
K †cwÝj Uzj L wdj Uzj (Abyaveb)
M †÷ªvK Uzj  †cb Uzj K 50% L 80%
452.†cb Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ †h‡Kv‡bv AvK…wZi M 90%  100%
m~²vwZm~² cv‡_i mvnv‡h¨ Kx ai‡bi [Link]‡i± wm‡jKkb Uzj w`‡q †jLv wm‡j±
Ae‡R± ˆZwi Kiv hvq? (Abyaveb) Kiv n‡jv| G‡Z †jLvi wbP w`‡q †h jvBb
K GKB iKg L ÎæwUc~Y© †`Lv hv‡e Zv‡K Kx ejv nq? (cÖ‡qvM)
 wbLyuZ N cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx K Font Line  Base Line
M Under Line N Start Line
453.†Kvb Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ me‡P‡q mnR Dcv‡q
cv_ ˆZwi Kiv hvq? (Ávb)
465. †eR jvBb †_‡K †jLvi wb‡Pi cÖvšÍ Dc‡i
K †eÛ L wdì Uzj
Zz‡j †bIqv ev wb‡P bvwg‡q Avbv‡K Kx
 †cwÝj Uzj N A‡Uv Uzj
ejv nq? (Ávb)
K Font Line Shift  Base Line Shift
454. †mvRv cv‡_i Dci †hvM Kiv bZzb A¨vsKi
M Under Line Shift N Start Line Shift
c‡q›U Kx n‡e? (Ávb)
[Link] c¨v‡j‡Ui Set the baseline shift N‡ii
K ¯§y_ A¨vsKi c‡q›U L wdì A¨vsKi c‡q›U
Wªc WvDb †gby ZvwjKv †_‡K Kx wm‡j±
M †÷ªvK A¨vsKi c‡q›U  †÷ªBU Kb©vi
ev UvBc K‡i Gi cwigvY wba©viY Ki‡Z
A¨vsKi c‡q›U nq? (Ávb)
455.eµ cv‡_i Dci †hvM Kiv A¨vsKi c‡q›U Kx K msL¨vm~PK msL¨v L AvK…wZm~PK
n‡e? (Ávb)
msL¨v
K †÷ªBU A¨vsKi c‡q›U L †÷ªvK A¨vsKi
M Aÿim~PK msL¨v  gvcm~PK msL¨v
c‡q›U 467. FYvZ¥K msL¨v e¨envi Ki‡j A¶i †eRjvBb
 ¯§y_ A¨vsKi c‡q›U N wdì A¨vsKi c‡q›U
†_‡K †Kv_vq hvq? (Ávb)
[Link]‡÷ªU‡i †jLv‡jwL ev UvB‡ci KvR Kivi K Dc‡i L g‡a¨
Rb¨ †KvbwU e¨envi Kiv nq? (Ávb)
M ev‡g  wb‡P
K Handle Tool  Type Tool
[Link]¥K msL¨v e¨envi Ki‡j †jLv †eRjvBb
M Text Tool N Path Tool
[Link]‡÷ªU‡i KZ cÖKv‡ii UvBc Uzj i‡q‡Q? †_‡K †Kv_vq hvq? (Ávb)
 Dc‡i L g‡a¨
(Ávb)
M Wv‡b N wb‡P
K 3 4
L
M 5 6

[Link]¸‡jvi gvSLv‡b duvKv RvqMv‡K Kx
458. UvBc Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ KZfv‡e †jLv ejv nq? (Ávb)
K Gwiqv †Uª·U  wjwWs
web¨v‡mi KvR Ki‡Z nq? (Ávb)
M wgwWj jvBb N G›Uvi jvBb
K1 L 2
3 N 4
470. †mU w` wjwWs N‡ii EaŸ©gyLx Zxi
459. †Kvb c×wZ‡Z UvBc Kivi wbqg LyeB †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j wjwWs‡qi cwigvY Kx
mnR? (Ávb)
n‡e? (Ávb)

 Point Text L State Text K Kg‡e  evo‡e

M Under Text N Base Text M †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv N is

460. Character c¨v‡jU †Kgb _vKv hvq hLb cwieZ©b n‡e
cÖ‡qvRb ZLbB e¨envi Kiv hv‡e? (Ávb) [Link] Uzj wm‡j± K‡i gvDm c‡q›Uvi e×
K mshy³  fvmgvb cv‡_i Dci ¯’vcb Ki‡j UvBc UzjwU †Kvb iƒc
M wew”Qbœ N wm‡j‡±W aviY Ki‡e? (Ávb)
461. Kx‡ev‡W©i †Kvb †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡q K Gwiqv †U·‡Ui  Gwiqv UvBc Uz‡ji
we`¨gvb gvcm~PK msL¨v gy‡Q †d‡j M †Uª·U e‡·i N AvDU e‡·i
bZzb gvcm~PK msL¨v UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e? 472. eM©vKvi ev AvqZvKvi, e„ËKvi ev
(Ávb) wW¤^vKvi ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖKvi e×
K Enter  Backspace cv‡_i †fZi UvBc Kiv ev ¯’vwcZ †jLv‡K Kx
M Edit N Delete
ejv nq? (Ávb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  143
 Gwiqv †U·U L †Uª·U e‡·i ii. Ctrl †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L N †evZvg Pvc w`‡j
M eK †U·U N evDÛvwi †U·U iii. Shift + Alt †P‡c †i‡L N †evZvg Pvc w`‡j
473. Kx w`‡q †jLvq wK¬K Ki‡j, e„‡Ëi cv_ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†jLvi g‡a¨ AvB- weg wm‡j± n‡e? (Ávb) (Abyaveb)
K Type on a paht tool L None tool i I ii L i I iii
M Text Container Tool  Direct selection tool
M ii I iii I iii N i, ii

 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK 480. †mvqvP AvBK‡bi mvnv‡h¨Ñ

i. Ae‡R± Ges Ae‡R‡±i cÖv‡šÍ is cÖ‡qvM Kiv
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
nq
474. G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi n‡”Q- ii. Ae‡R± cÖv‡šÍ is evwZj Kiv nq
i. Qwe AuvKvi †cÖvMÖvg iii. Qwei AevwÃZ Ask †K‡U †djv nq
ii. bKkv cÖYqb Kivi †cÖvMÖvg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. †jv‡Mv ˆZwi Kivi †cÖvMÖvg (Abyaveb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Ki I ii L i I iii
(Abyaveb) M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K i I ii L i I iii 481. Color Spectrum Bar †h i‡Oi Dci wK¬K Kiv
M ii I iii I iii
 i, ii n‡e, Ae‡R‡±iÑ
475. G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªU‡i- i. †÷ªvK †mB i‡O c~iY n‡q hv‡e
i. †jv‡Mv ˆZwi Kiv hvq ii. †fZ‡ii is cwiewZ©Z n‡e
ii. Qwe m¤úv`bvi my‡hvM cÖvq †bB ej‡jB iii. cÖvšÍ‡iLv †mB i‡O c~iY n‡q hv‡e
P‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. cÖavb KvRB n‡”Q A¼b wk‡íi KvR (Abyaveb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K i I
ii  i I iii
(Abyaveb) M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
K i I ii L i I iii 482. wdj I †÷ªvK †mvqv‡Pi wb‡Pi mvwii
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii AvBKb n‡”QÑ
476. Bjv‡÷ªUi e¨eüZ n‡”Q i. Kvjvi
i. Avgš¿YcÎ ˆZwi‡Z ii. †MÖwW‡q›U
ii. wewfbœ AvKv‡ii †cv÷vi ˆZwi‡Z iii. bvb
iii. wekvj AvKv‡ii e¨vbvi ˆZwi‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
(Abyaveb) Ki I ii L i I iii
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii I iii
 i, ii
M ii I iii I iii
 i, ii 483. Ae‡R± cÖK…Ziƒ‡c cÖ`wk©Z nq-
477. Bjv‡÷ªU‡ii Pvwn`v †ewkÑ i. Pixel Preview
i. Kv‡Ri myweavi Rb¨ ii. Overprint Preview
iii. Preview
ii. Kv‡Ri ˆewP‡Î¨i Rb¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. mnR e¨env‡ii Rb¨
(Abyaveb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii  i I iii
(Abyaveb)
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 i I ii L i I iii
484. Ae‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ‡iLv MwVZ nq-
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. GKvwaK jvB‡bi mgš^‡q
478. Uzje‡· GKB Ae¯’v‡b _v‡KÑ
ii. GKvwaK †iLvs‡ki mgš^‡q
i. Gwjcm
iii. GKvwaK †mM‡g‡›Ui mgš^‡q
ii. cwj‡Mvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. ÷vi
(Abyaveb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K i I ii L i I iii
(Abyaveb)
 ii I iii N i, ii I iii
Ki I ii L i I iii
485. wdj †mvqv‡P wK¬K Ki‡j-
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
i. wdj †mvqvmwU mwµq n‡e
[Link]‡÷ªU‡i bZzb dvBj †Lvjvi D‡Ï‡k¨ New
ii. wdj †mvqvmwU Dc‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡e
WvqvjM e· Avm‡eÑ
iii. G Ae¯’vq wdj I †÷ªvK Gi KvR Kiv hv‡e
i. File †gby †_‡K New KgvÛ w`‡j
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  144
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. ¯^”Q Kv‡Pi m‡½
(Abyaveb) ii. cwjw_‡bi m‡½
i I ii L i I iii iii. eB‡qi m‡½
M ii I iii I iii
N i, ii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
486. wdj †mvqvPwU mwµq n‡j- (Abyaveb)
i. Fill Gi KvR Kiv hv‡e  i I ii L i I iii
ii. Stroke G is cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. †Kv‡bv Ae‡R±‡K is w`‡q c~iY Kiv hv‡e 493. †jqvi c×wZ‡Z KvR Kivi myweav n‡jv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. ¯Íiweb¨vm cwieZ©b Kiv
(Abyaveb) ii. Ae‡R± A`„k¨ K‡i ivLv
Ki I ii  i I iii iii. †jqvi jK K‡i ivLv
M ii I iii I iii N i, ii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
487. †÷ªvK †mvqv‡P wK¬K Ki‡jÑ (Abyaveb)
i. Ae‡R±‡K is w`‡q c~iY Kiv hv‡e K i I ii L i I iii
ii. †÷ªvK †mvqvPwU mwµq n‡e M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
iii. Ae‡R‡±i †÷ªv‡K is cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e [Link]‡R‡± is cÖ‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? nqÑ
(Abyaveb) i. Kvjvi c¨v‡jU
Ki I ii L i I iii ii. Kvjvi evi
 ii I iii I iii N i, ii iii. Kvjvi †cKUªvg
488. Ae‡R±wU G‡Kev‡i gy‡Q hv‡eÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. BbmvU© †evZv‡g Pvc‡j (Abyaveb)
ii. e¨vK‡¯úm †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j K i I ii L i I iii
iii. wWwjU †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j M ii I iii I iii  i, ii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 495. †÷ªvK wbqš¿‡Yi KvR Kiv hvqÑ
(Abyaveb) i. e×cv_wewkó Ae‡R‡±
K i I ii L i I iii  ii I iii N i, ii I iii ii. gy³ cv_wewkó Ae‡R‡±
489.m¤ú~Y© Ae‡R± ev Ae‡R‡±i Askwe‡kl iii. AuvKveuvKv jvBb †iLv‡Z
wm‡j± Kivi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nqÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. wm‡jKkb Uzj (Abyaveb)
ii. WvB‡i± wm‡jKkb Uzj K i I ii L i I iii
iii. MÖæc wm‡jKkb Uzj M ii I iii I iii  i, ii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) 496. †÷ªvK wbqš¿Y Kivi A_© n‡”Q-
K i I ii L i I iii i. is cÖ‡qvM Kiv
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii ii. †iLv‡K †gvUv wPKb Kiv
490. wm‡jKkb Uzj w`‡q †Kv‡bv Ae‡R± iii. †÷ªvK c¨v‡jU wm‡j± Kiv
wm‡j± Ki‡j Ae‡R‡±i Pviw`‡K ˆZwi nqÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(Abyaveb)
AvqZvKvi e·
i.  i I ii L i I iii
ii. e„ËvKvi e· M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. evBwÛs e· 497. gy`ª‡Y Av‡m bv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb) i. A¨vsKi c‡q›U
K i I ii L i I iii ii. K‡›Uªvj n¨v‡Ûj
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii iii. K‡›Uªvj c‡q›U
491. Ae‡R± jK Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. wbw`©ó Ae‡R±wU wm‡j± Kiv (Abyaveb)
ii. Object †gby †_‡K Lock KgvÛ †`Iqv Ki I ii L i I
I iii  i, ii I iii
iii M ii
iii. Object †gby †_‡K Save KgvÛ †`Iqv 498. †cb Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨Ñ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. m~² I RwUj wWRvBb ˆZwi Kiv hvq
(Abyaveb) ii. m¤úv`bvi KvR Kiv hvq
 iI ii L i I iii iii. gvbm~PK msL¨v UvBc Kiv hvq
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
492. ¯Íi ev †jqvi‡K Zzjbv Kiv hvq- (Abyaveb)
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  145
 i I ii L i I iii i I ii L i I iii
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
499. Bjv‡÷ªU‡i UvBc Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ †jLv [Link]‡_i A¨vsKi c‡q‡›Ui Dci wK¬K Ki‡j e×
web¨vm Kivi c×wZ n‡jvÑ cv‡_i †fZ‡i Bbmvm©b c‡q›Uvi e‡m hv‡e
i.c‡q›U †U·U Ges e× cv_wU e¨eüZ n‡e
ii. Gwiqv †U·U i. Area Text wn‡m‡e
iii. cv_ †U·U ii. Text Box wn‡m‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. Text Container wn‡m‡e
(Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
K i I ii L i I iii K i I ii L i I iii
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
500. †cb Uzj w`‡q cv_ ˆZwi Kiv hvqÑ [Link]‡÷ªU‡ii cv_ UvBc Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ e×
i. Wª¨vM K‡i cv‡_i †hme w`‡K UvB‡ci KvR Kiv hvq-
ii. wK¬K K‡i i. evB‡ii w`‡K
iii. wdì K‡i ii. wb‡Pi w`‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. †fZi w`‡K
(Abyaveb) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 i I ii L i I iii (Abyaveb)
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii Ki I ii  i I iii
501. Point Text c×wZ‡Z UvBc Kivi Rb¨Ñ M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
i. Uzje· †_‡K UvBc Uzj wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e 507. Bjv‡÷ªU‡ii UvBc Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ gy³
ii. c`©vq †h‡Kv‡bv duvKv RvqMvq wK¬K cv‡_i †hme w`‡K UvB‡ci KvR Kiv hvq-
Ki‡Z n‡e i. Dc‡ii w`‡K
iii. evsjv UvBc Kivi Rb¨ Kx‡evW©‡K evsjv ii. wb‡Pi w`‡K
Kx‡ev‡W© iƒcvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z n‡e iii. †fZi w`‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(Abyaveb) (Abyaveb)
K i I ii L i I iii i I ii L i I iii
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
502. †jLv m¤úv`bvi cÖ‡qvRbxq KgvÛ¸‡jv 508. gy³ cv_ ev †iLv ˆZwi Kiv hvq-
cvIqv hvqÑ i. †cwÝj Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨
i. Type †gby‡Z ii. †cb Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨
ii. Character c¨v‡j‡U iii. G‡·j Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨
iii. Font †gby‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? (Abyaveb)
(Abyaveb) i I ii L i I iii
 i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii I iii
N i, ii
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii 509. †jLv MÖvwd‡· cwiYZ n‡j-
503. A¶‡i is cwieZ©b Kivi Rb¨Ñ i. Aÿ‡ii AvKvi AvK…wZ cwieZ©b Kiv hv‡e
i. cÖ‡qvRbxq A¶iwU wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e ii. is Av‡ivc Kiv hv‡e
ii. Kvjvi c¨v‡jU evi-G wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e iii. †MÖwW‡q›U cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e
iii. Kvjvi c¨v‡jU evi-G †h‡Kv‡bv Color wm‡j± wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ki‡Z n‡e (Abyaveb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Ki I ii L i I iii
(Abyaveb) M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii 510. wm‡j‡±W Qwe‡Z wimvBR e· _v‡KÑ
504. Bjv‡÷ªUi dvB‡ji A¶i gy‡Q †djvi Rb¨Ñ i. Pvi †Kv‡Y PviwU
i. gy‡Q †djv A¶iUzKz wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e ii. Pvi evû‡Z PviwU
ii. A¶iUzKz wm‡j‡±W _vKv Ae¯’vq Backspace iii. Pvi Qwei wb‡P PviwU
†evZv‡g Pvc w`‡Z n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. Kvjvi c¨v‡jU evi-G wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e (Abyaveb)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i I ii L i I iii
(Abyaveb) M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  146
 Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 515 I 516 bs cÖ‡kœi
DËi `vI :
cÖ‡kœvËi
evey `kg †kªwYi QvÎ| †m †U·UeB †_‡K G‡Wvwe
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 511 I 512 bs cÖ‡kœi Bjv‡÷ªU‡i KvR Kivi c×wZ wkL‡Q| †m Rvb‡Z cvij
DËi `vI : †h, wdj I †÷ªvK †mvqv‡Pi wb‡Pi mvwi‡Z †ek
Adobe Illustrator [Raihan-1 @ 80 (RGB)/ Previous]
K‡qKwU AvBKb i‡q‡Q|
511. Aby‡”Q‡` DwjwLZ Raihan-1 Kx?
515. D³ AvBK‡bi msL¨v KqwU?
(cÖ‡qvM)
(cÖ‡qvM)
K A¨vwc‡Kkb bvg  dvBj bvg
K 2 3 
M wc‡·j N †Kv¤úvwb bvg
M 4 5 N
[Link]‡”Q‡` DwjwLZ @ 80 (RGB)/ Previous)
516. cÖ_g AvBKbwU wK¬K Ki‡j Kx n‡e?
n‡”QÑ
(cÖ‡qvM)
i. c`©vi `„k¨gvb GjvKvi AvKvi
 Kvjvi c¨v‡jU mwµq nq
ii. c`©vq e¨eüZ Kvjvi †gvW
L †MÖwW‡q›U c¨v‡jU mwµq nq
iii. †Kv¤úvwbi wVKvbv
M Ae‡R‡±i †÷ªv‡Ki is evwZj nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N Ae‡R‡±i wd‡ji is evwZj nq
(cÖ‡qvM)
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 517 I 518 bs cÖ‡kœi
i I ii L i I iii
DËi `vI :
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
nvwmb Bjv‡÷ªU‡i KvR KiwQj| †mLv‡b Zvi wKQy
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 513 I 514 bs cÖ‡kœi
†jLv e„ËvKv‡i †jLvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡jv|
DËi `vI :
517.D³ cÖwµqvq wjL‡Z nvwmb †Kvb UzjwU
myexi GKRb Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iUi| †m gy`ª‡Yi
e¨envi Ki‡e? (cÖ‡qvM)
D‡Ï‡k¨ Bjv‡÷ªU‡ii GKwU dvB‡j KvR Ki‡Q| †m
 cv_ UvBc Uzj L †cwÝj Uzj
dvBjwU Orientation Ges Color †gvW wVK K‡i wbj|
M wm‡jKkb Uzj N n¨vÛ Uzj
Orientation-Gi †¶‡Î †m cÖ_‡g gvby‡li wP‡Î wK¬K
[Link] Zvi †jLv‡K AviI †hfv‡e Dc¯’vcb
Kij|
Ki‡Z cvi‡e-
[Link]‡÷ªU‡i dvBjwU wKiƒc Ae¯’vq _vK‡e?
i. eM©vKv‡i
(cÖ‡qvM)
ii. wW¤^vKv‡i
K AvovAvwo LvovLvwo 
iii. gy³ cv‡_
M Landscape N 45 †Kv‡Y
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
514. †Kvb †gv‡W Zv‡K KvR Ki‡Z n‡e?
(D”PZi `¶Zv)
(cÖ‡qvM)
Ki I ii L i I iii
K RGB L YMCK
 CMYK N BRG
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii

 enyc`x mgvwßm~PK Qwei ¸Yv¸Y wePvi Kiv nq

iii.
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
enywbe©vPwb cÖ‡kœvËi
(Abyaveb)
519. RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q Z_¨ i I ii L i I iii
Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv AZ¨waK M ii I iii N i, ii I iii
¸iæZ¡ jvf K‡i‡Q- 521. gy`ª‡Y Av‡m bv-
i. M‡elK‡`i g‡a¨ i. A¨vsKi c‡q›U
ii. wkÿvwe`‡`i g‡a¨ ii. K‡›Uªvj n¨v‡Ûj
iii. mgvRKg©x‡`i g‡a¨ iii. K‡›Uªvj c‡q›U
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
(Abyaveb) (Abyaveb)
Ki I ii L i I iii Ki I ii L i I iii
M ii I iii  i, ii I iii M ii I iii  i, ii I iii
520. †jqvi Øviv Ñ  Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK enywbe©vPwb
i. Qwe m¤úv`bvi KvR Kiv nq
cÖ‡kœvËi
ii. Ae‡R± ˆZwii KvR Kiv nq
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  147
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 522 I 523 bs cÖ‡kœi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
DËi `vI : (D”PZi `¶Zv)
MÖvwd· wWRvBbvi| Av‡e` Avjx Zvi Kv‡R we‡kl Ki I
ii  i I iii
†h hš¿ e¨envi K‡ib| Zv w`‡q UvBcivBUvi I M iiI iii N i, ii I iii
d‡UvUvBc‡mUv‡ii hveZxq KvR m¤úv`b Ki‡Z wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 524 I 525 bs cÖ‡kœi
cv‡ib| DËi `vI :
522. Av‡e` Avjx Zvi Kv‡R †Kvb hš¿wU †ivKb Kw¤úDUv‡i AuvKv, bKkv cÖYqb Kiv,
e¨envi K‡ib? (cÖ‡qvM) †jv‡Mv ˆZwi Kiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ wWRvBb ˆZwi K‡i
K KvW© wiWvi  Kw¤úDUvi _v‡K|
M BKzqvjvBRvi N †jRvi †mÝi 524. †ivKb †Kvb †cÖvMÖvg e¨envi K‡i?
523. D³ hš¿wU e¨envi K‡i mviv `ywbqv‡Z (cÖ‡qvM)
GLbÑ Kd‡Uvkc L †ewmK
i. †U·‡Ui hveZxq KvR n‡q _v‡K  Bjv‡÷ªUi N cvIqvi c‡q›U
ii. n¨vÛ †cBw›Us-Gi hveZxq KvR Kiv nq 525. D³ †cÖvMÖvgwU †Kvb †Kv¤úvwb
iii. AwWI †iKW© I m¤úv`bvi KvR Kiv nq cÖYqb K‡i‡Q? (D”PZi `¶Zv)
K Apple  Adobe
M Microsoft N Gogle

AwZwi³ m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi

cÖkœ -1 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :

AvwZK †jLvcovi cvkvcvwk wd«j¨vÝvi wn‡m‡e Kw¤úDUv‡ii wewfbœ mdUIq¨vi wb‡q KvR
K‡i| †m Gme Kv‡R †ek `ÿ| †m eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q AvR‡Ki hy‡M gvwëwgwWqvi Pvwn`v A‡bK
e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Avgv‡`i †`‡k gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨vi cÖ¯‘Z nIqv ïiæ n‡q‡Q| Avkv Kiv n‡”Q
GKzk kZ‡K evsjv‡`‡k e¨vcKfv‡e gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨vi ˆZwi n‡e| ZvB †m Zvi †gav I
cwikªg w`‡q †`‡ki Rb¨ fv‡jv fv‡jv gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨vi ˆZwi K‡i wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z
Pvq|
K. wjwWs Kx? 1
L. B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
M. wWwRUvj h‡š¿i mv‡_ DÏxc‡Ki wgwWqvwUi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. D³ wgwWqvi cÖ‡qvM we‡kølY Ki| 4
 1bs cª‡kœi DËi 
K. jvBb¸‡jvi gvSLv‡b duvKv RvqMv‡K ejv nq wjwWs|
L. †jLv GKwU cÖKvk gva¨g, kã GKwU cÖKvk gva¨g Avevi wPÎI GKwU cÖKvk gva¨g| Avgiv
hLb A‡bK¸‡jv cÖKvk gva¨g‡K wb‡q K_v ewj ZLbB gvwëwgwWqv e‡j Zv‡K wPwýZ K‡i
_vwK|
mf¨Zvi weeZ©b I cÖhyw³i Kvi‡Y Gi gva¨g¸‡jvi eûwea e¨envi n‡q Avm‡Q| GK mgq †hme
wgwWqv wfbœ wfbœfv‡e e¨eüZ n‡Zv Zv GLb GKmv‡_ e¨eüZ n‡”Q| Avevi, †mBme
wgwWqvq hy³ n‡q‡Q wWwRUvj h‡š¿i †cÖvMÖvwgs Kivi ÿgZv| Avgiv GLb eûwgwWqv‡K
Zvi eûgvwÎK I †cÖvMÖvwgs ÿgZvi Rb¨ ejwQ B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv|
M. DÏxc‡Ki gvwëwgwWqv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q| gvwëwgwWqv gv‡b n‡”Q eû gva¨g|
Avgiv hLb A‡bK¸‡jv cÖKvk gva¨g wb‡q K_v ewj ZLb Zv‡K gvwëwgwWqv e‡j wPwýZ Kiv
nq| wWwRUvj h‡š¿i mv‡_ Gi Nwbô m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| KviY eZ©gv‡b me‡P‡q RbwcÖq
wWwRUvj hš¿ Kw¤úDUvi MYbvhš¿ wnmve wbKvk Kivi hš¿ wn‡m‡e †ewk cwiwPZ| Z_¨
cÖwµqvKiY I cvivcvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii AviI GKwU MiæZ¡c~Y© KvR| Gici †jLv‡jwL Kivi Rb¨ GB
hš¿wUi e¨vcK e¨envi ïiæ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GZme KvR Kivi Rb¨ ïiæ‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii GKwU gvÎ
wgwWqv h_v-eY© e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡Zv| wKš‘ Kvjµ‡g Kw¤úDUv‡i wPÎ Ges kã mgwš^Z nq|
ZvQvov Kw¤úDUv‡i gvwëwgwWqv gv‡b n‡jv eY©, wPÎ I k‡ãi meš^‡q GKwU
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  148
B›UviA¨vKwUf AwfÁZv| AZx‡Zi †P‡q GLbKvi gvwëwgwWqvi AwfÁZv A‡bK mg„×|
hš¿ wnmv‡eI gvwëwgwWqvi evnb wn‡m‡e GLb †Kej B‡jKUªwbK ev Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüZ nq
bv| cvkvcvwk Avgv‡`i nv‡Zi Kv‡Qi †gvevBj †dvb, ¯§vU©‡dvb, U¨ve‡jU I Ab¨vb¨
wWwRUvj hš¿ GLb gvwëwgwWqv aviYv I cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jvwPZ wgwWqvwU n‡”Q gvwëwgwWqv| eZ©gvb hy‡M GB wgwWqvwUi
mviv we‡k¦B e¨vcK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| ZvB AvwZK fwel¨‡Z GB †¶ÎwU‡ZB wb‡Ri fwel¨r Mo‡Z
Pvq| wb‡P gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. eY© ev †U·U : mviv `ywbqv‡ZB †U·‡Ui hveZxq KvR GLb K¤úDUv‡i n‡q _v‡K|
GKmgq UvBcivBUvi I d‡UvUvBc‡mUvi w`‡q †hme KvR Kiv n‡Zv GLb Gi mewKQzB
Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi K‡i Kiv n‡”Q| Awdm-Av`vjZ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †ckv`vwi gy`ªY I cÖKvkbvq
Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨envi wbi¼zk|
2. wPÎ ev MÖvwd· : `ywbqvi me©ÎB MÖvwd· ˆZwi, m¤úv`bv BZ¨vw` hveZxq KvR
Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi K‡iB Kiv nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k MÖvwd· wWRvBb, †cBw›Us, WªBs ev
Kgvwk©qvj MÖvwd· cÖf…wZ‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨envi mxwgZ n‡jI gy`ªY I cÖKvkbvq Gi
e¨envi cÖwZwbqZ †e‡oB P‡j‡Q|
3. kã I AwWI : kã I AwWI †iKW©, m¤úv`bv BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î mviv `ywbqv GLb
Kw¤úDUv‡ii Ici wbf©i K‡i| mvDÛ BwÄwbqvwis G GbvjM c×wZ GLb Kvh©Z m¤c~Y©
APj n‡q c‡o‡Q| Z‡e †h †KD B‡”Q Ki‡jB GKwU fv‡jv Kw¤úDUvi w`‡q DbœZ gv‡bi
mvDÛ, †iKwW©s Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
4. gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨vi : evsjv‡`‡k gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨vi cÖ¯‘Z nIqv ïiæ
n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k-71, Aemi, wek¦‡Kvl, bvgvR wkÿv, weRq wkï wkÿv Ggb K‡qKwU
wmwW‡Z gvwëwgwWqv cÖhyw³ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avkv Kiv n‡”Q GKzk kZ‡K G‡`‡k
e¨vcKfv‡e gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨vi ˆZwi n‡e|
5. wWwRUvj cÖKvkbv : Avgv‡`i cÖKvkbv GLbI KvMRwbf©i| Z‡e GKzk kZ‡K Aek¨B
wWwRUvj cÖKvkbvi kZK n‡e evsjv‡`‡k| evsjv‡`k AwZ `ªæZ cÖhyw³ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
mvgwMÖKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k gvwëwgwWqvi cÖ‡qvM Avkve¨ÄK bv n‡jI †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
†ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`k wek¦ch©v‡qi|
cÖkœ -2 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
dvwiqvi evev miKvwi PvKwi K‡ib| MZ gv‡m wZwb ivRkvnx †_‡K XvKvq e`wj n‡q
G‡m‡Qb| dvwiqv‡K wZwb GLvbKvi GKUv bvgKiv ¯‹z‡j beg †kªwY‡Z fwZ©
Kwi‡q‡Qb| AvR dvwiqvi cÖ_g K¬vm| †m Zvi K¬v‡m Xy‡K AevK n‡q †Mj| K¬v‡mi
wk¶v c×wZ cy‡ivUvB Kw¤úDUvivBRW Kiv| wk¶Kiv gvB‡µvmdU †Kv¤úvwbi GKwU
we‡kl mdUIq¨vi e¨envi K‡i †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb c×wZ‡Z K¬vm †bb| QvÎQvÎx‡`i †evSvi
myweav‡_© Zviv B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K wewfbœ Z_¨ bvwg‡q †`Lvb Ges covb| dvwiqvi
Kv‡Q g‡b n‡jv G †hb GK bZzb RMr|
K. cv_ Kx? 1
L. wc‡·j ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
M. dvwiqvi wk¶K‡`i e¨eüZ mdUIq¨viwUi eY©bv `vI| 3
N. D³ mdUIq¨v‡ii ¸i“Z¡ we‡klY Ki| 4
 2bs cª‡kœi DËi 
K. Ae‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ‡iLv ev jvBb ev eW©vi‡K ejv nq cv_|
L. d‡Uvk‡c B‡gR ev Qwe ˆZwi nq wc‡·‡ji mvnv‡h¨| wc‡·j n‡”Q GKwU B‡gR ev Qwei
eM©vKvi ÿz`ªZg GKK| Bw cÖwZ 72 wc‡·j K_vwUi A_© n‡”Q Bw‡Z AvovAvwo Ges
LvovLvwo 72wU wc‡·‡ji 72wU jvBb| G‡Z eM© Bw‡Z †gvU wc‡·‡ji cwigvY `uvov‡e 72 
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  149
72 = 5184 wc‡·j| GKwU Qwe eo Ki‡j wc‡·j¸‡jv †`Lv hvq| G‡K e‡j Qwe wc‡·‡j‡UW n‡q
hvIqv| mvaviY fvlvi ejv nq Qwe †d‡U hvIqv|
M. dvwiqvi wk¶K‡`i e¨eüZ mdUIq¨viwU n‡jv gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U| †Kbbv Zviv
gvB‡µvmdU †Kv¤úvwbi ˆZwi mdUIq¨vi e¨envi K‡i †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb c×wZ‡Z K¬vm †bb|
gvB‡µvmdU †Kv¤úvwbi gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U mdUIq¨viwUB †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb †cÖvMÖvg
bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU GKwU ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb wWRvBb c¨v‡KR †cÖvMÖvvg| GB
†cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ †jLv Qwe, AwWI, wfwWI, MÖvd BZ¨vw`i mgš^‡q AvKl©Yxq
Z_¨vw` Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| mfv, †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Kg©kvjv BZ¨vw`‡Z
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AvKl©Yxq Ges Kvh©Kifv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ cÖavbZ G
mdUIq¨viwU e¨eüZ nq| Gw`K †_‡K cvIqvi c‡q›U mdUIq¨viwUi weKí †bB ej‡jB P‡j| G
†cÖvMÖvgwU e¨envi K‡i my›`i my›`i ¯vBW ˆZwi QvovI AviI A‡bK KvR AwZ mn‡R Kiv
hvq| gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U e¨envi K‡i B”QvgZ ¯vBW, wi‡cvU© cÖ‡R± ÷¨vUvm,
weR‡bm cvb weÁvcb, Gwb‡gkb ˆZwi Kiv hvq| GK K_vq ejv hvq, cvIqvi c‡q›U n‡”Q
GKwU mdUIq¨vi c¨v‡KR, hv †h‡Kv‡bv ai‡bi cÖ‡dkbvj gvwëwgwWqv †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ˆZwi
Kivi myweav cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
N. DÏxc‡K dvwiqv‡`i ¯‹z‡ji K¬vm¸‡jv cy‡ivcywi Kw¤úDUvivBRW Kiv| wk¶Kiv †mLv‡b
gvB‡µvmdU †Kv¤úvwbi ˆZwi gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U mdUIq¨vi e¨envi K‡i †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb
c×wZ‡Z dvwiqv‡`i cvV`vb K‡ib| Zv‡`i e¨eüZ GB mdUIq¨viwU †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ˆZwii †¶‡Î
AZ¨šÍ PgrKvi GKwU mdUIq¨vi| GB mdUIq¨viwU e¨envi K‡i my›`i my›`i ¯vBW ˆZwi QvovI
AviI A‡bK KvR AwZ mn‡R Kiv hvq| wb‡P †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨v‡ii ¸i“Z¡ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv :
1. †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨v‡i ˆZwiK…Z †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb‡K wewfbœ gva¨g †hgb : †Kv‡bv
Kw¤úDUvi w¯Œb, GjwmwW cÖ‡R±i BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖ`k©b Kiv hvq|
2. †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨v‡i e¨eüZ ¯vBWmg~n‡K wcÖ›U K‡i AwW‡q‡Ýi nv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqv
hvq|
3. †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb‡K †h‡Kv‡bv mgq ms‡kvab ev Avc‡WU Kiv hvq|
4. wk¶v‡¶‡Î G †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨vi e¨env‡ii d‡j wk¶v_x©iv AwaK g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_
wk¶‡Ki Av‡jvPbvq Ask wb‡Z AvMÖn †eva Ki‡e|
cÖkœ -3 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
iv‡mj cov‡kvbvi cvkvcvwk A_© DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ wKQy GKUv Ki‡Z Pvq| G e¨vcv‡i †m Zvi
AvBwmwU wk¶‡Ki civgk© PvBj| wZwb Zv‡K AvBwmwUwfwËK wewfbœ Kg©‡¶‡Îi
aviYv w`‡jb| Zvi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i iv‡mj GKUv wWwRUvj ÷zwWI ¯’vc‡bi wm×všÍ wbj|
AvBwmwU wk¶K Zv‡K G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvgwU‡Z `¶Zv AR©‡bi civgk© w`‡jb|
iv‡mj wk¶‡Ki civgk© Abyhvqx hye Dbœqb cÖwk¶Y GKv‡Wwg †_‡K G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡ci
Dci 6 gv‡mi GKwU †Kvm© m¤úbœ K‡i e¨emvq ïi“ Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxq D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kij|
K. B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv gv‡b Kx? 1
L. gvwëwgwWqvi `yBwU ˆewkó¨ †jL| 2
M. iv‡mj Zvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Kxfv‡e GKwU bZzb †jqvi hy³ Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. Kw¤úDUv‡i Qwe m¤úv`bvi †¶‡Î DÏxc‡Ki DwjwLZ †cÖvMÖv‡gi ¸i“Z¡ we‡klY
Ki| 4
 3bs cª‡kœi DËi 
K. B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv gv‡b n‡”Q †mB eû gva¨g hvi mv‡_ e¨enviKvix †hvMv‡hvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
L. gvwëwgwWqvi `yBwU ˆewkó¨ wb‡P D‡jL Kiv n‡jv :
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  150
1. Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ gvwëwgwWqvi Dcv`vb¸‡jv wb‡q †cÖvMÖvwgs K‡i
mgwš^Zfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq, hv Ab¨vb¨ B‡jKUªwbK hš¿, †hgb †iwWI ev †Uwjwfkb
Øviv Kiv hvq bv|
2. Av‡jv I i‡Oi KvíwbK fzeb ˆZwi Kiv hvq Ges Aev¯Íe‡K ev¯Í‡ei KvQvKvwQ G‡b Dc¯’vcb
Kiv hvq|
M. iv‡mj cov‡kvbvi cvkvcvwk A_© DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ Zvi wk¶‡Ki civg‡k© wWwRUvj ÷zwWI
¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ hye Dbœqb cÖwk¶Y †K‡›`ª G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡ci Dci cÖwk¶Y wb‡”Q| G‡Wvwe
d‡Uvkc n‡”Q Ggb GK ai‡bi †cÖvMÖvg hvi mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i Qwe m¤úv`b Kiv hvq|
Qwe m¤úv`bvi cÖvq cÖwZwU ch©v‡qB †jqv‡ii gva¨‡g KvR Ki‡Z nq| GKwU †jqv‡ii KvR †kl
n‡j Zv‡K bZzb K‡i Av‡iKwU †jqvi hy³ Ki‡Z nq| G‡¶‡Î iv‡mj wb‡gœv³ avc¸‡jv AbymiY K‡i
bZzb †jqvi hy³ Ki‡e :
1. c¨v‡j‡Ui wb‡P Create a new layer AvBK‡b wK¬K Ki‡j we`¨gvb †jqvi ev wm‡j± Kiv †jqviwUi
Dc‡i GKwU bZzb †jqvi hy³ n‡e| G †jqviwU n‡e ¯^”Q †jqvi| bZzb hy³ Kiv †jqv‡i †Kv‡bv
Ae‡R± ˆZwi K‡i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx mwi‡q ¯’vcb Kiv hv‡e| Gfv‡e cuvPwU †jqvi ˆZwi
Ki‡j 1 b¤^i †jqv‡ii Dci 2 b¤^i †jqvi, 2 b¤^i †jqv‡ii Dci 3 b¤^i †jqvi, 3 b¤^i †jqv‡ii Dci 4
b¤^i †jqvi web¨¯Í n‡e| Av‡iv †jqvi hy³ Kiv n‡j ch©vqµ‡g web¨¯Í n‡e|
2. cÖ‡qvRb n‡j †jqv‡ii ¯Íi web¨vm cwieZ©b K‡i †bIqv hvq| 2 b¤^i †jqv‡ii wK¬K K‡i
gvD‡m Pvc †i‡L Dc‡ii w`‡K Wª¨vM K‡i 3 b¤^i †jqv‡ii wK¬K K‡i gvD‡m Pvc †i‡L Dc‡ii
w`‡K Wª¨vM K‡i 3 b¤^i †jqv‡ii Dci †Q‡o w`‡j †jqviwU 3 b¤^i Ges 4 b¤^i †jqv‡ii
gvSLv‡b ¯’vwcZ n‡e| `ywU †jqv‡ii gvSLv‡bi wefvRb †iLv wm‡j‡±W nIqvi ci gvD‡mi
Pvc †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e e¨vKMÖvDÛ †jqvi †m Gfv‡e ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| e¨vKMÖvDÛ †jqvi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv
¯Í‡i ¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ e¨vKMÖvDÛ‡K †jqv‡i cwiYZ K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
N. DÏxc‡K iv‡mj wWwRUvj ÷zwWI ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡ci Dci cÖwk¶Y wb‡”Q|
Kw¤úDUv‡i Qwe m¤úv`bvi †¶‡Î G †cÖvMÖvgwUi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| eZ©gv‡b Kw¤úDUv‡i
Qwe m¤úv`bvi Rb¨ A‡bK ai‡bi †cÖvMÖvg i‡q‡Q| Z‡e d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvgwU wek¦e¨vcx
RbwcÖq| GB †cÖvMÖvgwU w`‡q Qwe ev Qwei †Kv‡bv As‡ki J¾¡j evov‡bv-Kgv‡bv,
GKvwaK Qwei mgš^‡q eB‡qi cÖ”Q`, †cv÷vi BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kiv, Qwei AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask
†K‡U †djv, Qwei `vM ev ΓwU gy‡Q †djv BZ¨vw` bvbv iK‡gi KvR Kiv hvq|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Qwe m¤úv`bv Kivi Rb¨ K¨v‡givq †Zvjv Qwe, nv‡Z AuvKv Qwe ev
wPÎKg©, bKkv BZ¨vw` ¯‹¨vb K‡i Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| eZ©gv‡b wWwRUvj
K¨v‡givi mvnv‡h¨ †Zvjv Qwe mivmwi Kw¤úDUv‡i Kwc K‡i †bIqv hvq| Kw¤úDUv‡ii
mvnv‡h¨ Qwe m¤úv`bvi ci G¸‡jv wWwRUvj gva¨‡g Ges KvM‡R Qvcvi Rb¨ Avgš¿YcÎ,
†cv÷vi, e¨vbvi, weÁvcb BZ¨vw`i m‡½ e¨envi Kiv hvq|
gy`ªY cÖvKkbvq MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi †¶‡Î Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨envi ïi“ nq beŸB `k‡K| ZLb †_‡K
G‡¶‡Î d‡Uvk‡ci e¨envi cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| hZw`b hv‡”Q d‡Uvk‡ci e¨envi ZZB e„w× cv‡”Q|

cÖkœ -4 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :

gvgyb mv‡ne Zvi Awd‡mi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wKQz `ÿ wWRvBbvi wb‡qvM Ki‡jb| Zv‡`i KvQ
†_‡K wZwb Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb Bjv‡÷ªU‡i †cb Uzj e¨envi K‡i wWRvB‡bi KvR¸‡jv Lye mn‡R
Kiv hvq| gvgyb mv‡ne Zvi Awd‡mi LiP Kgv‡bv Ges Lye ZvovZvwo wWRvB‡bi KvR
Kivi Rb¨ Zvi Awd‡m †cb Uz‡ji e¨envi ïiæ Ki‡jb| Kv‡Ri MwZ e„w× cvIqvq wZwb
A‡bK bZzb bZzb KvR nv‡Z wb‡Z cvi‡jb|
K. møvBW †j-AvDU Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨vi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  151
M. gvgyb mv‡n‡ei Awd‡mi wWRvBbviiv Kxfv‡e cv_ ˆZwi K‡ib? eY©bv Ki| 3
N. D³ KvRwU cÖZ¨vwkZ AvKv‡i Avbvi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i Ggb `ywU KvR
we‡klY Ki| 4

 4bs cª‡kœi DËi 

K. cwiKwíZfv‡e GKwU cvIqvi c‡q‡›U †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ †h Lmov K‡i wb‡Z nq Zv‡K
ejv nq møvBW †j-AvDU|
L. mfv, †mwgbvi, wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Kg©kvjv BZ¨vw`‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AvKl©Yxq
Ges Kvh©Kifv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ cÖavbZ cvIqvi c‡q›U bv‡gi mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Kiv
nq| cvIqvi c‡q›U n‡”Q gvB‡µvmdU Awd‡mi AšÍfz©³ GKwU mdUIq¨vi ev A¨vwcø‡Kkb| Gi
mvnv‡h¨ †jLv, Qwe, AwWI, wfwWI, MÖvd BZ¨vw`i mgš^‡q AvKl©Yxqfv‡e Z_¨vw`
Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| ZvB G mdUIq¨viwU‡K †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨vi ejv nq|
M. gvgyb mv‡ne Zvi Awd‡mi Kv‡Ri myweavi Rb¨ Bjv‡÷ªU‡i †cb Uz‡ji e¨envi ïi“ K‡i‡Qb| GB
Uzj e¨envi K‡i wWRvBbviiv cv_ ˆZwi K‡ib| wb‡P †cb Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ cv_ ˆZwii wbqg
eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. Uzje· †_‡K †cb Uzj wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e| †cb Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ c`©vi †h †Kv‡bv RvqMvq
wK¬K Kivi ci gvD‡mi Pvc †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e|
2. wKQzUv Dc‡ii w`‡K wØZxq wK¬K K‡i gvD‡mi Pvc †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e|
3. wØZxq wK¬‡Ki Ae¯’vb †_‡K wb‡Pi w`‡K GKUz Wv‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. Dc‡ii w`‡K GKUz Wv‡b m‡i wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| wK¬K Kivi ci gvD‡m Pvc †i‡L Wvb w`‡K
Wª¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. wb‡Pi w`‡K GKUz Wv‡b N‡i wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| G wK¬‡Ki Ae¯’vb †_‡K GKUz Wvb w`‡b
cieZ©x wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. Dc‡ii w`‡K GKUz Wv‡b m‡i wK¬K Kivi ci gvD‡m Pvc †i‡L Wvb w`‡K Wªª¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e|
7. wb‡Pi w`‡K GKUz Wv‡b m‡i wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
Gfv‡eB wK¬K I Wª¨vM K‡i †XD‡qi g‡Zv gvgyb mv‡n‡ei Awd‡mi wWRvBbviiv gy³ cv_
wewkó Ae‡R± ˆZwi K‡ib|
N. D³ KvRwU A_©vr wWRvBbvi‡`i ˆZwiK…Z cv_wU GKev‡iB Zvi cÖZ¨vwkZ AvKvi aviY K‡i
bv| G‡K cÖZ¨vwkZ AvKvi †`Iqvi Rb¨ wWRvBbvi‡`i bvbv ai‡bi m¤úv`bvg~jK KvR Ki‡Z
nq| wb‡P Giƒc `yBwU KvR we‡klY Kiv n‡jv :
1. A¨vsKi c‡q›U †hvM Kiv : cv‡_i †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡b A¨vsKi c‡q›U †hvM Kivi Rb¨ wb‡š§v³
wbqg¸‡jv AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e :
 Uzje· †_‡K A¨vW A¨vsKi c‡q›U Uzj wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e| A¨vW A¨vsKi c‡q›U Uzj wm‡j±
Kivi ci gvDm c‡q›Uvi c`©vi †fZ‡i wb‡q G‡j †cb Uz‡ji wb‡Pi Wvb w`‡K GKwU †hvMwPý
(+) †`Lv hv‡e|
 A¨vW A¨vsKi c‡q›U Uzj w`‡q cv‡_i †h †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b wK¬K Ki‡j H ¯’v‡b bZzb A¨vsKi
c‡q›U e‡m hv‡e|
 †mvRv cv‡_i Dci †hvM Kiv bZzb A¨vsKi c‡q›U n‡Z †UªBU KY©vi A¨vsKi c‡q›U Ges e·
cv‡_i Dci †hvM Kiv A¨vsKi c‡q›U n‡e ¯§y_ A¨vsKi c‡q›U|
2. A¨vsKi c‡q›U ev` †`Iqv: cv‡_ we`¨vgvb A¨vsKi c‡q›U ev` †`Iqvi Rb¨ wb‡š§v³
wbqg¸‡jv AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e :
 wWwjU A¨vsKi c‡q›U Uzj wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e| wWwjU A¨vsKi c‡q›U Uzj wmw‡j± Kivi ci
gvDm c‡q›Uvi c`©vi †fZ‡i wb‡q G‡j †cb Uz‡ji wb‡Pi Wvb w`‡K we‡qvMwPý (-) †`Lv
hv‡e|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  152
 wWwjU A¨vsKi c‡q›U Uzj w`‡q †Kv‡bv A¨vsKi c‡q›Uv‡ii Dci wK¬K Ki‡j H A¨vsKi
c‡q›UviwU evwZj n‡q hv‡e|
cÖkœ -5 î wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI :
Rbve Avwjg I Rbve wjqvKZ fv‡jv eÜz| Zviv `yRbB wcÖw›Us e¨emv‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ| c~‡e©
Zviv wewfbœ e¨vbvi, we‡qi KvW©, `vIqvZ cÎ BZ¨vw` †jUvi †cÖ‡m ˆZwi Ki‡Z| wKš‘ GLb
Rbve Avwjg Gme KvR MÖvwd· mdUIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g m¤úbœ K‡ib| d‡j Zvi Kv‡Ri Pvwn`v w`b
w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| Ab¨w`‡K Rbve wjqvKZ Av‡Mi c×wZ‡ZB i‡q †M‡Qb| G Kvi‡Y Zvi Kv‡Ri
Pvwn`v w`b w`b K‡g hv‡”Q|
K. wdj Kx? 1
L. A¨vwb‡gkb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
M. Rbve Avwjg †hme mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvi eY©bv `vI| 3
N. Rbve wjqvK‡Zi Kvh© c×wZi mgm¨v¸‡jv we‡klY Ki| 4
 5bs cª‡kœi DËi 
K. GKwU Ae‡R‡±i †fZ‡ii AskB wdj|
L. A¨vwb‡gkb GK ai‡bi MÖvwd· ev wPÎ| Z‡e †mwU Pjgvb ev w¯’i n‡Z cv‡i| GwU wØgvwÎK
ev wÎgvwÎK n‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡`i †`‡k A¨vwb‡gk‡bi e¨envi µgk e„w× cv‡”Q wKš‘ Gwb‡gk‡b
KvR Kivi †jv‡Ki Afve i‡q‡Q| Avm‡j Gwb‡gkb †Kv‡bv GKK wgwWqv bq| Gi mv‡_ AwWI,
wfwWI, †U·U, MÖvwd· BZ¨vw`i m¤úK© i‡q‡Q|
M. Rbve Avwjg wcÖw›Us e¨emv‡qi mv‡_ RwoZ| G Kv‡R wZwb †hme mdUIq¨vi e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib †m¸‡jv wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc : G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc n‡”Q Kw¤úDUv‡i Qwe m¤úv`bvi †cÖvMÖvg| GB
†cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ Qwe ev Qwei †Kv‡bv As‡ki J¾¡j¨ evov‡bv-Kgv‡bv, GKvwaK Qwei
mgš^‡q eB‡qi cÖ”Q`, †cv÷vi BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kiv, Qwei Acª‡qvRbxq Ask †K‡U †djv, Qwe
`vM ev ΓwU gy‡Q †djv BZ¨vw` bvbv ai‡bi KvR Kiv hvq| GB †cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ Qwe
m¤úv`bv Kivi Rb¨ K¨v‡givq †Zvjv Qwe, nv‡Z AuvKv Qwe ev wPÎKg©, bKkv BZ¨vw`
¯‹¨vb K‡i Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| eZ©gv‡b wWwURvj K¨v‡givi mvnv‡h¨ †Zvjv Qwe
mivmwi Kw¤úDUv‡i Kwc K‡i †bqv hvq| Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Qwe m¤úv`bvi ci G¸‡jv
wWwRUvj gva¨‡g Ges KvM‡R Qvcvi Rb¨ Avgš¿YcÎ, †cv÷vi, e¨vbvi, weÁvcb BZ¨vw`i
m‡½ e¨envi Kiv hvq|
G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi : G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi n‡”Q g~jZ Qwe AuvKv bKkv cÖYqb Kiv, †jv‡Mv
ˆZwi Kiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ wWRvBb ˆZwi Kivi †cÖvMÖvg| Avgv‡`i †`‡k Mí, KweZv, Dcb¨vm,
cÖeÜ BZ¨vw` cÖKvkbvi cÖ”Q` ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ wkíxiv GLb iO-Zzwji e¨envi †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb
ej‡jB P‡j| G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi e¨envi K‡iB GLb Zuviv cÖ”Q` ˆZwii KvR K‡i _v‡Kb|
Avgš¿YcÎ, weÁvcb BZ¨vw` †QvU-eo KvRmn wewfbœ AvKv‡ii †cv÷vi, wekvj AvKv‡ii
e¨vbvi, wej‡evW© BZ¨vw` ˆZwii KvR GLb Bjv‡÷ªUi Qvov fvevB hvq bv|
N. Rbve wjqvKZ Zvi wcÖw›Us KviLvbvq †jUvi †cÖ‡m KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib| G‡Z KvR Kiv nq
wmmvi A¶i w`‡q| GQvov †cv÷vi RvZxq Kv‡R Kv‡Vi ˆZwi eo eo nid e¨envi K‡ib| G
nid¸‡jv †QvU-eo Kiv hvq bv| cÖ‡qvRb n‡j bZzb K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| Gme mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y
G‡Z B”QvgZ is e¨envi Kiv hvq bv| ZvQvov GLv‡b B”Qvg‡Zv Qwe G‡Ki AwaK Kvjvi w`‡q
ˆZwi Kiv hvq bv| d‡j Zvi KvR g‡bvgy»Ki nq bv Ges †m †µZv‡`i Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z e¨_©
nq| Aciw`‡K Rbve Avwjg KvR K‡ib Kw¤úDUvi mdUIq¨vi e¨envi K‡i| d‡j wZwb †µZv‡`i
†h‡Kv‡bv Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| d‡j GB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i Rbve wjqvK‡Zi
mgm¨v w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  153

cÖkœ \ 1 \ gvwëwgwWqv ej‡Z Kx †evS? gvwëwgwWqvi Dbœq‡b wWwRUvj h‡š¿i

Ae`vb e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : gvwëwgwWqv : gvwëwgwWqv n‡jv gvby‡li wewfbœ cÖKvk gva¨‡gi mgš^q| Avgiv
AšÍZ wZbwU gva¨g ev wgwWqv e¨envi K‡i wb‡R‡`i‡K cÖKvk Kwi| eY©, wPÎ Ges kã bv‡gi
GB gva¨g¸‡jvi wewfbœ iƒcI i‡q‡Q| GB wZbwU gva¨g Zv‡`i wewfbœ iƒc wb‡q KL‡bv
Avjv`vfv‡e, KL‡bv GKmv‡_ Avgv‡`i mvg‡b Avwef‚©Z nq| Gme gva¨‡gi cÖKvk‡K Avgiv
KvM‡Ri cÖKvkbv, †iwWI, †Uwjwfkb, wfwWI, wm‡bgv, wfwWI †Mgm, wk¶vg~jK mdUIq¨vi,
I‡qe †cR BZ¨vw` bvbv bv‡g wPwb| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ KvM‡Ri cÖKvkbv ev †iwWI‡K gvwëwgwWqv
ejv hv‡e bv| Z‡e †Uwjwfkb-wfwWI-wm‡bgv‡K Avgiv gvwëwgwWqv ej‡Z cvwi| Avevi wfwWI
†Mgm, wk¶vg~jK mdUIq¨vi ev I‡qe †cR‡K Avgiv B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv ej‡Z cvwi|
gvwëwgwWqvi Dbœq‡b wWwRUvj h‡š¿i Ae`vb : eZ©gvb mg‡q me‡P‡q RbwcÖq
hš¿ n‡”Q Kw¤úDUvi| GB hš¿wU w`‡q wnmve-wbKvk †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Z_¨ cÖwµqvKiY, Z_¨
cvivcvi, †jLv‡jwL, M‡elYv, we‡bv`b, †hvMv‡hvM BZ¨vw` AmsL¨ KvR Kiv hvq| wKš‘ ïi“‡Z GB
hš¿wU w`‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨ GKwU gvÎ wgwWqv-Z_v eY© e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡Zv| wKš‘ Kvjµ‡g
Kw¤úDUv‡i wPÎ Ges kã mgwš^Z nq| ZvQvov Kw¤úDUv‡ii i‡q‡Q †cÖvMÖvwgs Kivi ¶gZv|
e¯‘Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii gvwëwgwWqv gv‡b n‡jv eY©, wPÎ I k‡ãi mgš^‡q GKwU B›UviA¨vKwUf
AwfÁZv| AZx‡Zi †P‡q GLbKvi gvwëwgwWqvi AwfÁZv A‡bK mg„×| hš¿ wn‡m‡eI
gvwëwgwWqvi evnb wn‡m‡e GLb †Kej B‡jKUªwbK ev Kw¤úDUviB e¨eüZ nq bv cvkvcvwk
Avgv‡`i nv‡Zi Kv‡Qi †gvevBj †dvb, ¯§vU© †dvb, U¨ve‡jU I Ab¨vb¨ wWwRUvj hš¿ GLb
gvwëwgwWqv aviY I cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
cÖkœ \ 2 \ B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv Kx? gvwëwgwWqvi cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© †jL|
DËi : B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv : B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqv n‡”Q †mBme eû
gva¨g hvi mv‡_ e¨enviKvix †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| wfwWI †Mgm, wk¶vg~jK mdUIq¨vi, I‡qe
†cR BZ¨vw` B›UviA¨vKwUf gvwëwgwWqvi D`vniY|
gvwëwgwWqvi cÖ‡qvM : gvbyl g‡bi fve cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ †hme gva¨g e¨envi K‡i †m¸‡jvi
mgwš^Z iƒcB n‡”Q gvwëwgwWqv| wb‡P gvwëwgwWqvi cÖ‡qvM eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
eY© ev †U·U : mviv `ywbqv‡ZB †U·‡Ui hveZxq KvR GLb Kw¤úDUv‡i n‡q _‡K| GKmgq
UvBcivBUvi I d‡UvUvBc‡mUvi w`‡q Awdm-Av`vj‡Z KvR Kiv n‡Zv| eZ©gv‡b me©ÎB
Kw¤úDUvi †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| G Ae¯’v we‡k¦i me †`‡kB we`¨gvb| gy`ªY I cÖKvkbvq Kw¤úDUv‡ii
e¨envi wbi¼zk|
wPÎ ev MÖvwd· : `ywbqvi me©ÎB MÖvwd· ˆZwi, m¤úv`bv BZ¨vw` hveZxq KvR
Kw¤úDUvi e¨envi K‡iB Kiv nq| Avgv‡`i †`‡k MÖvwd· wWRvBb, †cBw›Us, WªBs ev
Kgvwk©qvj MÖvwd· bvgK Pvi“Kjvi †h AskwU i‡q‡Q Zv‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨envi AZ¨šÍ mxwgZ|
Z‡e e¨wZµg n‡”Q gy`ªY I cÖKvkbv| gy`ªY I cÖKvkbvq MÖvwd· wWRvB‡bi †¶‡Î Kw¤úDUv‡ii
e¨envi ïi“ nq beŸB `k‡K| cÖ_‡g d‡Uvkc w`‡q ¯‹¨vb Kiv Qwe m¤úv`bv w`‡q Gi m~Pbv nq|
µgk wWRvBb Ges MÖvwd‡· Kw¤úDUvi RvqMv K‡i wb‡Z _v‡K| B‡Zvg‡a¨B weÁvcb,
mvBb‡evW©, A¨vwb‡gkb, ¯’vcZ¨ BZ¨vw` mKj †¶‡ÎB Kw¤úDUvi e¨eüZ n‡”Q|
kã ev AwWI : kã ev AwWI †iKW© , m¤úv`bv BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î mviv `ywbqv GLb Kw¤úDUv‡ii
Ici wbf©i K‡i| mvDÛ BwÄwbqvwis‡q GbvjM c×wZ GLb Kvh©Z m¤ú~Y© APj n‡q c‡o‡Q| †h
†KD B‡”Q Ki‡jB GKwU fv‡jv Kw¤úDUvi w`‡q DbœZgv‡bi mvDÛ †iKwW©s Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨vi : evsjv‡`‡k gvwëwgwWqv mdUIq¨vi cÖ¯‘Z nIqv †Kej ïi“ n‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`k-71, Aemi, wek¦‡Kvl, bvgvh wk¶v, weRq wkï wk¶v- Ggb K‡qKwU wmwW‡Z
gvwëwgwWqv cÖhyw³ cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  154
wWwRUvj cÖKvkbv : Avgv‡`i cÖKvkbv RMr GLbI KvMRwbf©i| Z‡e GKzk kZK Aek¨B
wWwRUvj cÖKvkbvi kZK n‡e evsjv‡`‡kI| mvgwMÖKfv‡e evsjv‡`k gvwëwgwWqvi cÖ‡qvM
Avkve¨ÄK bv n‡jI †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î evsjv‡`k wek¦ch©v‡qi| Avkvi welq n‡”Q, evsjv‡`k
AwZ `ª“Z cÖhyw³ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| gvwëwgwWqvi †¶‡ÎI ZvB NU‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|
cÖkœ \ 3 \ Kw¤úDUvi gvwëwgwWqv Kx? gvwëwgwWqvi Dbœq‡b MÖvwd‡·i
f~wgKv eY©bv Ki|
DËi : Kw¤úDUvi gvwëwgwWqv gv‡b n‡jv eY©, wPÎ I k‡ãi mgš^‡q GKwU B›UviA¨vKwUf
AwfÁZv|
gvwëwgwWqvi Dbœq‡b MÖvwd‡·i f~wgKv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
wfwWI-wUwf : wfwWI Kvh©Z GK ai‡bi MÖvwd·| G‡K Pjgvb MÖvwd· ej‡j fv‡jv nq|
wek¦Ry‡o wfwWI GKwU mycÖwZwôZ wgwWqv| wUwf, †nvg wfwWI, gvwëwgwWqv
mdUIq¨vi, I‡qe BZ¨vw` mKj †¶‡ÎB wfwWIi e¨envi e¨vcK| wek¦Ry‡o wfwWI GLb GbvjM †_‡K
wWwRUv‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡”Q| GLb Kvh©Z GbvjM ch©v‡q wfwWI aviY, m¤úv`bv I msi¶Y Kivi
†Kv‡bv DcvqB †bB| GgbwK wfwWI m¤cÖPviI GbvjM †_‡K wWwRUvj n‡q hv‡”Q|
A¨vwb‡gkb : A¨vwb‡gkbI GK ai‡bi MÖvwd· ev wPÎ| Z‡e †mwU Pjgvb ev w¯’i n‡Z cv‡i| GwU
wØgvwÎK ev wÎgvwÎK n‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡`i †`‡k A¨vwb‡gk‡bi e¨envi µgk e¨vcK n‡”Q| we‡klZ
weÁvcb wP‡Î A¨vwb‡gkb GKwU wcÖq welq| Z‡e A¨vwb‡gk‡b KvR Kivi †jv‡Ki Afve i‡q‡Q|
Avm‡j A¨vwb‡gkb KLbB †KejgvÎ GKK wgwWqv wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq bv| Gi mv‡_ AwWI,
wfwWI, †U·U, MÖvwd· BZ¨vw`i m¤úK© i‡q‡Q|
wm‡bgv : wm‡bgv MÖvwd‡·i AviI GKwU iƒc| wm‡bgvq MÖvwd‡·i e¨envi e¨vcK| Z‡e wfwWI
Ges wm‡bgvi gv‡S cÖhyw³MZ cv_©K¨ w`b w`b K‡g Avm‡Q|
cÖkœ \ 4 \ gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvic‡q›U Kx? Kw¤úDUv‡i cvIqvic‡q›U †cÖvMÖvg †Lvjvi
†KŠkj Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi : gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvic‡q›U n‡”Q gvB‡µvmdU Awd‡mi AšÍfz©³ GKwU mdUIq¨vi| G
mdUIq¨v‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †jLv, Qwe, AwWI, wfwWI, MÖvd BZ¨vw`i mgš^‡q AvKl©Yxq Ges
Kvh©Kifv‡e Z_¨vw` Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq|
Kw¤úDUv‡i cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖvMÖvg †Lvjvi †KŠkj wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. c`©vi wb‡Pi w`‡K evg †Kv‡Y Start †jLv i‡q‡Q| GwU n‡”Q ÷vU© †evZvg|
2. Start †evZv‡gi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi w`‡q wK¬K Ki‡j GKwU †gby ev ZvwjKv Avm‡e |
3. GKwU d¬vBAvDU †gby cvIqv hv‡e G †gbyi All programs Kgv‡Ûi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi ¯’vcb Ki‡j
GKwU d¬vBAvDU †gby cvIqv hv‡e|
4. G d¬vBAvDU †gby ZvwjKv †_‡K Microsoft Office †gby‡Z wK¬K Ki‡j cv‡kB Avi GKwU
d¬vBAvDU †gby‡Z gvB‡µvmdU Awd‡mi †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jvi ZvwjKv cvIqv hv‡e|
5. G ZvwjKv †_‡K Microsoft Office Power Point KgvÛ wm‡j± Ki‡j gvB‡µvmdU Awdm cvIqvi
c‡q›U-Gi cÖ_g ¯vB‡Wi c`©v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡e|
Gfv‡eB Kw¤úDUv‡i cvIqvic‡q›U †cÖvMÖvg †Lvjv hvq|
cÖkœ \ 5 \ †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb Kx? †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡b bZzb ¯vBW †hvM Kivi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki|
DËi : †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb : †Kv‡bv mfv, †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Kg©kvjv I K¬vmi“g BZ¨vw`‡Z
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AvKl©Yxq Ges Kvh©Kifv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖwµqv‡K †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ejv
nq| †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi GK GKwU Ask‡K ¯vBW ejv nq|
†cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡b bZzb ¯vBW †hvM Kivi †KŠkj : †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡b bZzb ¯vBW †hvM Kivi †KŠkj
wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. Home †gbyi wieb †_‡K New Slide KgvÛ wm‡j± Ki‡j ev Kx‡ev‡W©i Ctrl †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L M
†evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j GKwU bZzb ¯vBW hy³ n‡e|
2. bZzb hy³ nIqv ¯vB‡W Click to add title Ges Click to add text †jLv _vK‡e| †jLv `ywUi Dci wK¬K
Ki‡j †U·U e· `„k¨gvb n‡e Ges †U·U e‡·i g‡a¨ Bbmvm©b c‡q›Uvi _vK‡e| Bbmvm©b
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  155
c‡q›Uvi _vKv Ae¯’vq wk‡ivbvg Ges Dc-wk‡ivbvg UvBc Kiv hv‡e| evg cv‡ki _v¤^‡bBj
DB‡Ûv‡Z bZzb hy³ nIqv ¯vB‡Wi †QvU ms¯‹iY †`Lv hv‡e|
3. Gfv‡e bZzb ¯vBW hy³ K‡i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ˆZwii KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖkœ \ 6 \ †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡b ¯vBW cÖ`k©‡bi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki|
DËi : mfv, †mwgbvi-wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Kg©kvjv BZ¨vw`‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AvKl©Yxq
Ges Kvh©Kifv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kivi c×wZ‡Z †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb e‡j| wb‡P †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡b ¯vBW
cÖ`k©‡bi †KŠkj eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. Kx‡ev‡W©i F5 †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j A_ev View †gbyi wieb †_‡K Slide Show wm‡j± Ki‡j A_ev
÷¨vUvm evi-G Slide Show AvBKb wK¬K Ki‡j †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi cÖ_g ¯vBWwU Dc¯’vwcZ n‡e|
2. †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi GKwU ¯vBW †_‡K cieZx© ¯vB‡W hvIqvi Rb¨ Kx‡ev‡W©i WvbgyLx Zxi
†evZv‡g Pvc w`‡Z n‡e|
c~e©eZ©x ¯vB‡W †divi Rb¨ evggyLx Zxi †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡Z n‡e|
3. †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi gvSvgvwS †Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡b _vKv Ae¯’vq IB ¯vBW †_‡K cieZ©x cÖ`k©b ïi“
Kivi Rb¨ Kx‡ev‡W©i wkdU †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L F5 †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡Z n‡e|
4. ¯vBW †kv DB‡Ûv †_‡K m¤úv`bvi DB‡Ûv‡Z wd‡i hvIqvi Rb¨ Kx‡ev‡W©i Esc †evZv‡g Pvc
w`‡Z n‡e|
cÖkœ \ 7 \ ¯vBW ˆZwii ci ¯vB‡W e¨vKMÖvDÛ hy³ ev e¨vKMÖvDÛ cwieZ©b Kivi
Dcvq eY©bv Ki|
DËi : †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi GK GKwU Ask‡K ¯vBW ejv nq| †Kv‡bv ¯vBW ˆZwi Kivi mgq Ges ¯vBW
ˆZwii ciI e¨vKMÖvD‡Ûi is cwieZ©b Kiv hvq ev bZzb K‡i e¨vKMÖvDÛ hy³ Kiv hvq|
wb‡P ¯vB‡W e¨vKMÖvDÛ hy³ ev cwieZ©b Kivi Dcvq eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. †h ¯vB‡W e¨vKMÖvDÛ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e †mB ¯vBWwU †Lvjv ivL‡Z n‡e ev mwµq ivL‡Z
n‡e|
2. Gici Design †gbyi wie‡b G‡Kev‡i Wvb w`‡K Background Style Wªc-WvDb evi-G wK¬K Ki‡j
†MÖwW‡q›U Ges mwjW i‡Oi GKwU c¨v‡jU Avm‡e| G c¨v‡j‡Ui †h is ev †MÖwW‡q‡›Ui
m‡mi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi ¯’vcb Kiv n‡e g~j ¯vB‡W †mB is ev †MÖwW‡q‡›Ui e¨vKMÖvDÛ
†`Lv hv‡e| cQ›` n‡j IB m‡m wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| e¨vKMÖvDÛ wn‡m‡e AviI is, †U·vi Ges Qwe
e¨envi Kivi †¶‡Î|
3. c¨v‡j‡Ui wb‡Pi w`‡K Format Background wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡Z Format Background WvqvjM e·
Avm‡e|
4. Format Background WvqvjM e‡·i Dc‡ii evg cv‡k Solid fill †iwWI †evZv‡g wK¬K K‡i mwµq K‡i
w`‡Z n‡e| Gici Color Wªc-WvDb Zx‡i wK¬K Ki‡j i‡Oi c¨v‡jU Avm‡e| Gi i‡Oi c¨v‡jU †_‡K †h
i‡Oi m‡mi Dci wK¬K Kiv n‡e ¯vB‡Wi e¨vKMÖvDÛ wn‡m‡e †mB is Av‡ivwcZ n‡e|
5. Picture or Texture fill †iwWI †evZv‡g wK¬K K‡i mwµq K‡i w`‡j Color-Gi RvqMv Texure Wªc-
WvDb Avm‡e| G WªcWvDb Zx‡i wK¬K Ki‡j wewfbœ cÖKvi †U·vi cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Gi †fZi
†_‡K †h †U·v‡ii m‡m wK¬K Kiv n‡e, g~j ¯vB‡W †mB †U·vi Av‡ivwcZ n‡e|
6. WvqvjM e‡·i Insert †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡j WvqvjM e· P‡j hv‡e Ges IB Qwe ¯vB‡Wi e¨vKMÖvDÛ
wn‡m‡e Av‡ivwcZ n‡e|
cÖkœ \ 8 \ †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb I ¯vBW Kx? ¯vB‡W Qwe †hvM Kivi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki|
DËi : †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb I ¯vBW : GKwU cvIqvi c‡q›U dvBj‡K †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ejv nq| Avi cvIqvi
c‡q›U †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi GK GKwU c„ôv‡K ¯vBW ejv nq| gvB‡µvmdU Iqv‡W© †hgb A‡bK¸‡jv
c„ôv _vK‡Z cv‡i, †Zgwb GKwU †cÖ‡R‡›Uk‡bi GKvwaK ¯vBW _v‡K|
GKvwaK ¯vBWwewkó ¯øvB‡W Qwe †hvM Kivi †KŠkj : cvIqvi c‡q›U ¯vB‡W gvB‡µvmdU
wK¬cAvU© ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Drm n‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Qwe ms‡hvRb Kiv hvq| Qwe ms‡hvR‡bi
c×wZ wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. Insert wie‡b wM‡q picture AvBK‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  156
2. Picture Library M¨vjvwi‡Z Aew¯’Z Qwe ZvwjKv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| hw` Picture Library †_‡K Qwe
bv wb‡q Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †jv‡Kkb †_‡K Qwe †bqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq Z‡e †mB †jv‡Kk‡b †h‡Z n‡e|
Zv †_‡K cQ‡›`i Qwe wbe©vPb K‡i Zv‡Z Wvej wK¬K ev Insert evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. d‡j QwewU ¯vB‡W cÖ`wk©Z n‡e|
Gfv‡e cvIqvi c‡q›U ¯vB‡W Qwe hy³ Kiv hv‡e|
cÖkœ \ 9 \ †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ¯vB‡W wfwWI ms‡hvM Kivi wbqg †jL|
DËi : †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ¯vB‡W wfwWI hy³ Kiv hvq| cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †h‡Kv‡bv ¯vB‡W wfwWI
hy³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e mvaviYZ ïi“i ¯vB‡W wfwWI hy³ Kiv nq| wb‡P ¯vB‡W wfwWI hy³ Kivi
wbqg eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. †h ¯vB‡W wfwWI ms‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡e †mB ¯vBWwU Open Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. Insert wie‡b wK¬K Kivi ci Movie AvBKb wK¬K K‡i Movie From File AckbwU wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. WvqvjM e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq gywfwU wm‡j± K‡i Gi Ok evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. gywfwU I‡cb nevi Av‡M GKwU WvqjM e· cÖ`wk©Z n‡e, †hLv‡b Rvb‡Z PvIqv n‡e gywfwU
A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj Pj‡e bvwK wK¬K Ki‡j Pj‡e| GLvb †_‡K cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i Ackb wm‡j±
Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. d‡j wfwWIwU ¯vB‡W hy³ n‡e|
6. wfwWIwU Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ ¯vBW‡kv wie‡b wM‡q ¯vBWwU wm‡j± K‡i From Current Slide
wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e| GLb †hfv‡e Ackb wm‡j± Kiv n‡q‡Q A_©vr nq A‡Uv‡gwUK¨vwj bZzev
wK¬K Ki‡j wfwWIwU ivb Ki‡e|
Gfv‡e cvIqvi c‡q‡›Ui ¯vB‡W wfwWI hy³ Kiv hv‡e|
cÖkœ \ 10 \ cvIqvi c‡q›U‡K †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb †cÖvMÖvg ejv nq †Kb?
DËi : †h mKj Kvi‡Y cvIqvi c‡q›U‡K †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb †cÖvMÖvg ejv nq Zvi KviY wb‡P Zz‡j aiv
n‡jv :
1. Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i †Kv‡bv welq `k©K‡`i Kv‡Q eo c`©vq cÖ`k©b Kivi Rb¨ ¯-
vBW ˆZwi K‡i ¯vBW †kv Kiv hvq|
2. †Kv‡bv wi‡cvU© ev cÖ‡R± ÷¨vUvm cvIqvi c‡q‡›Ui DBRvW© e¨envi K‡i AwZ mn‡R ˆZwi
Kiv hvq|
3. ˆZwiK…Z G ai‡bi wi‡cvU©‡K cvIqvi c‡q‡›Ui †cÖ‡R‡›UW wWRvB‡bi G‡d± †`Iqv Ges
Gwb‡g‡UW K‡i wewfbœ k‡ãi G‡d± AvKl©Yxqfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq|
4. wcÖ›Uv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ WKz‡g›U wn‡m‡e wcÖ›U Kiv hvq|
5. ¯vBW †kv Kivi mgq †Kv‡bv welq‡K gvK© Kivi Rb¨ cvIqvi c‡q‡›Ui B‡jKwUªK Kjg e¨envi
Kiv hvq Ges w¯úKvi †bvU ms‡hvRb Kiv hvq|
cÖkœ \ 11 \ ¯vB‡Wi †U·U e‡·i †jLvq UªvbwRkb cÖ‡qvM Kivi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki|
DËi : GKwU ¯vB‡W GKvwaK †U·U e‡· †jLv _vK‡Z cv‡i| Gme †U·U e‡· wfbœ wfbœ UªvbwRkb
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j †U·U e·¸‡jv wfbœ wfbœ cÖwµqvq ¯vB‡Wi †fZ‡i Avm‡e| wb‡P †U·U e‡·
UªvbwRkb cÖ‡qvM Kivi †KŠkj eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. ¯vBWwU †Lvjv ivL‡Z n‡e|
2. cÖ_g †U·U e·wU wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. animations †gby‡Z wK¬K K‡i mwµq Ki‡Z n‡e| animations Gi wb‡P Custom Animation-Gi GKwU
c¨v‡jU Avm‡e|
4. Custom Animation c¨v‡j‡Ui Add Effect WªcWvDb ZvwjKv †_‡K Entrance wm‡j± Ki‡j Kv÷g
UªvbwRk‡bi GKwU ZvwjKv Avm‡e| G ZvwjKv †_‡K-
cÖ_g †U·U e‡·i Rb¨ Blinds wm‡j± Kiv n‡jv|
wØZxq †U·U e·wU wm‡j± K‡i Fly in wm‡j± Kiv n‡jv|
Z…Zxq †U·U e·wU wm‡j± K‡i Diamond wm‡j± Kiv n‡jv|
G ZvwjKv †_‡K More Effects wm‡j± Ki‡j UªvbwRk‡bi AviI GKwU ZvwjKv cvIqv hv‡e| G
ZvwjKv †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv UªvbwRkb wm‡j± Ki‡j GKB iKg KvR n‡e|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  157
5. Av‡ivwcZ †Kv‡bv UªvbwRkb ev` †`Iqvi Rb¨ wbw`©ó †U·U e·wU wm‡j± K‡i Remove
†evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
cÖkœ \ 12 \ †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨vi‡ii ¸iæZ¡ †jL|
DËi : gvB‡µvmdU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi ˆZwi cvIqvi c‡q›U mdUIq¨viwU e¨envi K‡i my›`i møvBW
ˆZwi Kiv QvovI AviI A‡bK KvR AwZ mn‡R Kiv hvq| wb‡P †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨v‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j
aiv n‡jv :
1. †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨v‡i ˆZwiK…Z †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb‡K wewfbœ gva¨g †hgb : †Kv‡bv
Kw¤úDUvi w¯Œb, GjwmwW cÖ‡R±i BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖ`k©b Kiv hvq|
2. †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨v‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb‡K I‡q‡eI G·‡cvU© Kiv hvq|
3. †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨v‡i e¨eüZ møvBWmg~n‡K wcÖ›U K‡i AwW‡q‡Ýi nv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqv
hvq|
4. †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb‡K †h‡Kv‡bv mgq ms‡kvab ev Avc‡WU Kiv hvq|
5. wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î G †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨vi e¨env‡ii d‡j wkÿv_©xiv AwaK g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_
wkÿ‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvq Ask wb‡Z AvMÖn †eva Ki‡e|
cÖkœ \ 13 \ wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨v‡ii wewfbœ e¨envi eY©bv Ki|
DËi : †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb k‡ãi A_© n‡jv cÖ`k©b Kiv ev Dc¯’vcb Kiv| Kw¤úDUv‡ii fvlvq
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ej‡Z Z_¨‡K `k©‡Ki mvg‡b AvKl©Yxq I g‡bvgy»Kifv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv‡K †evSv‡bv
nq| wewfbœ †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨v‡ii cÖavb e¨envi †`Lv hvq wkÿv †ÿ‡Î| wb‡P wkÿv †ÿ‡Î
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mdUIq¨v‡ii e¨envi ewY©Z n‡jv :
1. †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb †cÖvMÖvg gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U e¨envi K‡i wkÿvg~jK wewfbœ welq‡K
mn‡RB wewfbœ MÖvwd·, Gwb‡gkb, †U·U, AwWI, wfwWI BZ¨vw`i mgš^‡q AvKl©Yxq
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ˆZwi K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| d‡j wkÿv_©xiv mn‡RB welqwU †`‡L eyS‡Z cv‡i
Ges Zv g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡i|
2. gvB‡µvmdU cvIqvi c‡q›U e¨envi K‡i wkï wkÿvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ˆZwi Kiv
hvq| G‡Z wewfbœ AvKl©Yxq i‡Oi e¨envi, KvU©yb, MÖvwd· Ges k‡ãi mgš^q _vKvq
wkïiv mn‡RB AvK…ó nq|
3. wewfbœ wkÿvg~jK Kg©kvjv †Uªwbs †cÖvMÖv‡gi welq‡K gvwëwgwWqv †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb
ˆZwi K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq|
4. wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b wkÿKiv K¬vmiæ‡g gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g wewfbœ welq‡K
AviI AvKl©Yxq K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvcb wPÎ wbg©v‡Y †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb
mdUIq¨vi e¨envi K‡i AvKl©Yxq weÁvcb ˆZwi I Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq|
cÖkœ \ 14 \ Qwe m¤úv`bvi †ÿ‡Î d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖv‡gi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : Qwe m¤úv`bvi †ÿ‡Î d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖv‡gi ¸iæZ¡ wb‡P e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv :
Kw¤úDUv‡i Qwe m¤úv`bvi Rb¨ A‡bK iKg †cÖvMÖvg i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvgwU
eZ©gv‡b wek¦e¨vcx RbwcÖq| Qwe ev Qwei †Kv‡bv As‡ki J¾¡j¨ evov‡bv-Kgv‡bv, GKvwaK
Qwei mgš^‡q eB‡qi cÖ”Q`, †cv÷vi BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kiv, Qwei AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask †K‡U †djv,
Qwei `vM ev ÎæwU gy‡Q †djv BZ¨vw` AviI bvbv iKg KvR G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc w`‡q Kiv hvq|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Qwe m¤úv`bv Kivi Rb¨ K¨v‡givq †Zvjv Qwe, nv‡Z AuvKv Qwe ev
wPÎKg©, bKkv BZ¨vw` ¯‹¨vb K‡i Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| eZ©gv‡b wWwRUvj K¨v‡givi
mvnv‡h¨ †Zvjv Qwe mivmwi Kw¤úDUv‡i Kwc K‡i †bIqv hvq| Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Qwe
m¤úv`bvi ci G¸‡jv wWwRUvj gva¨‡g Ges KvM‡R Qvcvi Rb¨ Avgš¿YcÎ, †cv÷vi, e¨vbvi,
weÁvcb BZ¨vw`i m‡½ e¨envi Kiv hvq|
myZivs Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, Qwe m¤úv`bvi Rb¨ d‡Uvk‡ci ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
cÖkœ \ 15 \ Kw¤úDUv‡i d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvg †Lvjvi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  158
DËi : Kw¤úDUv‡i Qwe m¤úv`bvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q RbwcÖq †cÖvMÖvg n‡jv G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc
†cÖvMÖvg| d‡Uvk‡c KvR Kivi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Kw¤úDUv‡i d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvg Bb÷j Kiv _vK‡Z
n‡e A_ev Zv Bb÷j K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| wb‡P d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvg †Ljvi †KŠkj eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. cÖ_‡g c`©vi wb‡Pi w`‡K evg †Kv‡Y ÷vU© (Start) †jLv †evZv‡gi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi w`‡q
wK¬K Ki‡j GKwU †gby ev ZvwjKv Avm‡e|
2. G †gbyi Aj †cÖvMÖvgm (All Programs) Kgv‡Ûi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi ¯’vcb Ki‡j GKwU
d¬vBAvDU †gby cvIqv hv‡e|
3. G d¬vBAvDU †gby ZvwjKv †_‡K G‡Wvwe gv÷vi Kv‡jKkb (Adobe Master Collection) †gby‡Z
wK¬K Ki‡j AviI GKwU d¬vBAvDU †gby Avm‡e| G †gby‡Z G‡Wvwei †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jvi
ZvwjKv cvIqv hv‡e|
4. G ZvwjKv †_‡K G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖv‡gi bv‡gi Dci wK¬K Ki‡j G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc
(Adobe Photoshop) †cÖvMÖvg Ly‡j hv‡e|

cÖkœ \ 16 \ d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖv‡gi bZzb dvBj ˆZwii †KŠkj D‡jøL Ki|

DËi : eZ©gv‡b Kw¤úDUv‡i Qwe m¤úv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î me‡P‡q RbwcÖq †cÖvMÖvg n‡jv d‡Uvkc
†cÖvMÖvg| d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖv‡g bZzb dvBj ˆZwii †KŠkj wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-
1. d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖvg †Ljvi ci File †gby †_‡K New KgvÛ w`‡j WvqvjM e· cvIqv hv‡e|
2. wbD WvqvjM e‡·i Name N‡i Untitled-1 †jLvwU wm‡j‡±W Ae¯’vq _vK‡e| Kx‡ev‡W©i
e¨vK‡¯úm †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡q †jLvwU gy‡Q †dj‡Z n‡e Ges GKwU bvg UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e|
GwUB n‡e dvB‡ji bvg| aiv hvK Name N‡i Practice UvBc Kiv n‡jv|
3. wbD WvqvjM e‡· cÖk¯Í ev Width Ges D”PZv ev Height N‡i BwÂi gv‡c msL¨v UvBc Ki‡Z
n‡e| †hgb- cÖk¯ÍZv 7 Bw Ges D”PZv 8 Bw UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. WvqvjM e‡·i Color Mode Wªc-WvDb †gby †_‡K (RGB, CMYK, Bitmap, Grayscale) Lab Color- Gi †fZi
†_‡K RGB wm‡j± Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
5. WvqvjM e‡·i Background Contents As‡k e¨vKMÖvD‡Ûi 3wU Ackb i‡q‡Q| Ackb 3wU n‡”Q
mv`v ev White, Background Color Ges ¯^”Q ev Transparent.
6. cQ›` ev cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx e¨vKMÖvDÛ Ackb wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î mv`v ev White
wm‡j± Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
7. WvqvjM e‡·i gvc‡RvK wba©vi‡Yi KvR m¤úbœ K‡i OK †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
8. WvqvjM e‡· cÖ`Ë gvc Abyhvqx GKwU DB‡Ûv ev c`©v Avm‡e| c`©vi Dc‡ii evg w`‡K
Practice @ 100% (RGB/8) †jLv _vK‡e| G eviwU‡K ejv nq UvB‡Uj evi| wbD WvqvjM e‡·i Name
N‡i dvBjwUi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv bvg e¨envi bv Kiv n‡j UvB‡Uj evi-Gi G RvqMvwU‡Z dvB‡ji bvg
wn‡m‡e Untitled-1 @ 100% (RGB/8) cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| Gfv‡e d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖv‡g bZzb dvBj
†Lvjv hvq|
cÖkœ \ 17 \ d‡Uvk‡ci wm‡jKkb Uzj Ges gyf Uz‡ji cwiwPwZ †jL|
DËi : d‡Uvk‡ci wm‡jKkb Uzj Ges gyf Uz‡ji cwiwPwZ wb‡P eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. Uzj e‡·i G‡Kev‡i Dc‡ii As‡k i‡q‡Q 3wU wm‡jKkb Uzj Ges GKwU gyf Uzj| wKQz Uz‡ji wb‡Pi
Wvb w`‡K †QvU Zxi wP‡ýi Z i‡q‡Q| G‡Z †evSv hv‡e IB mKj Uz‡ji GKB Ae¯’v‡b GKB
†Mv‡Îi AviI Uzj i‡q‡Q| †hgb- GKB Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q PviwU gvwK© Uzj Ges Ab¨ Ae¯’v‡b
i‡q‡Q wZbwU jv‡mv Uzj|
2. Uz‡ji Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi ¯’vcb Ki‡j Uz‡ji bvg cÖ`wk©Z n‡e| gvDm c‡q›Uvi w`‡q IB Uz‡ji
Dci wK¬K Ki‡j UzjwU mwµq n‡e| G Ae¯’vq gvDm c‡q›Uvi c`©vi †fZ‡i wb‡q G‡j
wm‡j‡±W Uz‡ji wbR¯^ AvK…wZ‡Z ev †hvMwPý iƒ‡c †`Lv hv‡e|
3. wm‡jKkb Uz‡ji g‡a¨ gvwK© Uzj w`‡q PZz‡®‹vY ev e„ËvKvi wm‡jKkb Ges Ae‡R± ˆZwii
KvR Kiv hvq|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  159
4. Shift †evZvg †P‡c †i‡L Rectangular Marquee Tool WªvM Ki‡j wbLyuZ eM© Ges Shift †evZvg
†P‡c †i‡L Elliptical Marquee Tool Wª¨vM Ki‡j wbLyuZ e„Ë wm‡jKkb ˆZwi n‡e| Alt †evZvg †P‡c
Wª¨vM Ki‡j †K›`ªwe›`y †_‡K ïiæ n‡q PZzw`©‡K we¯Í…Z n‡q eM©/e„Ë wm‡jKkb ˆZwi
n‡e|
cÖkœ \ 18 \ †jqvi Kx? d‡Uvkc c¨v‡j‡U bZzb †jqvi hy³ Kivi cÖwµqv †jL|
DËi : †jqvi : †jqvi n‡”Q, Qwe m¤úv`bvi c`©v ev K¨vbfv‡mi G‡KKwU ¯Íi| †jqvi c×wZ‡Z
GKvwaK ¯^”Q K¨vbfvm GKwUi Dc‡i GKwU †i‡L KvR Kiv hvq| K¨vbfvm ¯^”Q n‡j cÖwZ ¯Í‡i
we`¨gvb Qwe †`‡L †`‡L KvR Kiv hvq| wKš‘, Dc‡ii ¯Í‡ii K¨vbfvmwU ¯^”Q bv n‡j wb‡Pi
K¨vbfv‡mi KvR †`Lv hv‡e bv| iwOb e¨vKMÖvDÛwewkó †Kv‡bv Qwe †Lvjv n‡j IB Qwei †jqvi
c¨v‡j‡U Background †jLv _vK‡e| e¨vKMÖvDÛ mv`v i‡Oi n‡jI ¯^”Q e¨vKMÖvDÛ n‡e bv| KviY,
mv`v GKwU iO|
d‡Uvkc c¨v‡j‡U bZzb †jqvi hy³ Kivi cÖwµqv : d‡Uvk‡c GKvwaK Qwei dvBj wb‡q KvR
Kivi Rb¨ GKvwaK †jqvi e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| wfbœ wfbœ Qwe wfbœ wfbœ †jqv‡ii †i‡L Zv‡`i
Ae¯’vb web¨vmmn Ab¨vb¨ m¤úv`bvi KvR Ki‡Z nq| wb‡P c¨v‡j‡U bZzb †jqvi hy³ Kivi
cÖwµqv eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. c¨v‡j‡Ui wb‡q Create a new layer AvBK‡b wK¬K Ki‡j we`¨gvb †jqvi ev wm‡j± Kiv †jqviwUi
Dc‡i GKwU bZzb †jqvi hy³ n‡e| G †jqviwU n‡e ¯^”Q †jqvi| bZzb hy³ Kiv †jqv‡i †Kv‡bv
Ae‡R± ˆZwi K‡i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx mwi‡q ¯’vcb Kiv hv‡e| Gfv‡e cuvPwU †jqvi ˆZwi Ki‡j
1 b¤^i †jqv‡ii Dc‡i 2 b¤^i †jqvi, 2 b¤^i †jqv‡ii Dci 3 b¤^i †jqvi, 3 b¤^i †jqv‡ii Dci 4
b¤^i †jqvi web¨¯Í n‡e| Av‡iv †jqvi hy³ Kiv n‡j ch©vqµ‡g web¨¯Í n‡e|
2. cÖ‡qvRb n‡j †jqv‡ii ¯Íi web¨vm cwieZ©b K‡i †bIqv hvq| 2 b¤^i †jqv‡i wK¬K K‡i gvD‡m
Pvc †i‡L Dc‡ii w`‡K Wª¨vM K‡i 3 b¤^i †jqv‡ii Dci †Q‡o w`‡j †jqviwU 3 b¤^i Ges 4 b¤^i
†jqv‡ii gvSLv‡b ¯’vwcZ n‡e| `ywU †jqv‡ii gvSLv‡bi wefvRb †iLv wm‡j‡±U nIqvi ci
gvD‡mi Pvc †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e| Z‡e e¨vKMÖvDÛ †jqvi Gfv‡e ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kiv hv‡e bv|
e¨vKMÖvDÛ †jqvi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ¯Í‡i ¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ e¨vKMÖvDÛ‡K †jqv‡i cwiYZ K‡i wb‡Z
n‡e|
cÖkœ \ 19 \ d‡Uvk‡c †d`vi I B‡iRvi Uz‡ji e¨envi †jL|
DËi : d‡Uvk‡c †d`vi-Gi e¨envi :
1. Ackb evi-G Feather †d`vi N‡i 0 †_‡K 250 ch©šÍ wewfbœ cwigvYm~PK msL¨v UvBc K‡i
Ae‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ bgbxq Kiv hvq| †d`v‡ii cwigvY Ae‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ †_‡K †fZi I evB‡ii w`‡K
mgvbfv‡e we¯Í…Z nq| †d`vi N‡i 10 UvBc Ki‡j cÖv‡šÍi bgbxqZv n‡e 20|
2. †d`vi N‡i wewfbœ cwigvYm~PK msL¨v UvBc Kivi ci Kx‡ev‡W©i G›Uvi †evZv‡g Pvc
w`‡q †d`vi ˆewkó¨‡K Kvh©Ki K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Gici gvwK© Uzj ev Ab¨ Uzj w`‡q ˆZwi Kiv is
w`‡q c~iY Ki‡j †d`vi ˆewkó¨ `„k¨gvb n‡e| Kwc ev KvU Kiv Ae‡R± †c÷ Kivi ciI †d`vi
ˆewkó¨ `„k¨gvb n‡e|
d‡Uvk‡c B‡iRvi Uz‡ji e¨envi :
3. B‡iRvi Uzj w`‡q hLb †Kv‡bv is gy‡Q †djv nq ZLb H iswU Avm‡j K¨vbfv‡mi is w`‡q †X‡K
†`Iqv nq| K¨vbfv‡mi is mv`v n‡j g‡b n‡e isUv gy‡Q hv‡”Q| K¨vbfv‡mi is mv`v Qvov Ab¨
†Kv‡bv is n‡j welqwU †evSv hv‡e| Z‡e, ¯^”Q (Transparent) †jqv‡ii Qwe B‡iRvi Uzj w`‡q
¯^vfvweK wbq‡g gy‡Q †djv hv‡e|
4. m~² Ask †gvQvi Rb¨ Kx‡ev‡W©i CAPS LOCK †P‡c w`‡j B‡iRvi Uzj †hvM wP‡ýi (+) AvKvi
aviY K‡i| ZLb m~² Ask †gvQvi KvR Kiv hvq|
5. B‡iRvi Uz‡ji Ackb evi-Gi †gvW Wªc-WvDb ZvwjKv †_‡K eªvk, †cwÝj ev eøK wm‡j± K‡i
†gvQvi KvR Kiv hvq| eøK wm‡j± Ki‡j ivevi B‡iRvi B‡j±ªwb· ms¯‹i‡Yi g‡Zv KvR K‡i| Ab¨
Uzj¸‡jv wm‡j± Ki‡j IBme Uz‡ji Opacity Ackb e¨envi Kiv hvq|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  160
cÖkœ \ 20 \ d‡Uvk‡ci Uzje· Ges c¨v‡jU m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi : d‡Uvk‡c Qwei KvR m¤úv`‡b Uzje‡·i ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| wb‡P d‡Uvk‡ci Uzje· Ges c¨v‡jU
m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
Uzje· : d‡Uvk‡c KvR Kivi Rb¨ c`©vi evg w`‡K i‡q‡Q Uzj e·| G‡Z wewfbœ cÖKvi Kv‡Ri Rb¨
wfbœ wfbœ Uzj i‡q‡Q| Kv‡Ri Rb¨ hLb †h Uz‡ji Dci wK¬K Kiv nq ZLb †mB UzjwU mwµq nq|
Uzj e‡· †Kv‡bv Uzj wm‡j± K‡i gvDm c‡q›Uvi c`©vi †fZ‡i wb‡q G‡j KL‡bv IB Uz‡ji wbR¯^
AvK…wZ‡Z †`Lv hvq, Avevi KL‡bv †hvMwPý iƒ‡c †`Lv hvq Ges m¤úv`bv Uzj¸‡jv e„Ë ev
†Mvj AvK…wZ wn‡m‡e cÖ`wk©Z nq|
Uzj e‡·i G‡Kev‡i Dc‡ii As‡k i‡q‡Q 3wU wm‡jKkb Uzj Ges GKwU gyf Uzj| wKQz Uz‡ji wb‡Pi
Wvb w`‡K †QvU Zxi wP‡ýi Z i‡q‡Q| G‡Z †evSv hv‡e IB mKj Uz‡ji GKB Ae¯’v‡b GKB †Mv‡Îi
AviI Uzj i‡q‡Q| †hgb- GKB Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q PviwU gvwK© Uzj Ges Ab¨ Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q wZbwU
j¨v‡mv Uzj|
wm‡jKkb Uz‡ji g‡a¨ gvwK© Uzj w`‡q PZz‡®‹vY I e„ËvKvi wm‡jKkb Ges Ae‡R± ˆZwii KvR
Kiv hvq|
Shift†evZvg †P‡c †i‡L Rectangular Marquee tool Wª¨vM Ki‡j wbLuyZ eM© Ges Shift †evZvg †P‡c
†i‡L Elliptical Marquee Tool Wª¨vM Ki‡j wbLuyZ e„Ë wm‡jKkb ˆZwi n‡e| Alt †evZvg †P‡c Wª¨vM
Ki‡j †K›`ªwe›`y †_‡K ïiæ n‡q PZzw`©‡K we¯Í…Z n‡q eM©/e„Ë wm‡jKkb ˆZwi n‡e|
c¨v‡jU : c`©vi Wvb cv‡k i‡q‡Q wewfbœ cÖKvi c¨v‡jU| c¨v‡j‡Ui Dc‡ii Wvb w`‡K
we‡qvMwPý ev Minimize AvBKb i‡q‡Q| G we‡qvMwPý ev Minimize AvBK‡b wK¬K Ki‡j
c¨v‡jUwU ¸wU‡q hv‡e Ges AvBKbwU PZz‡®‹vY ev Maximize AvBK‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q hv‡e|
¸wU‡q _vKv c¨v‡j‡Ui PZz‡®‹vY ev Maximize AvBK‡b wK¬K Ki‡j c¨v‡jUwU ¸wU‡q hv‡e|
cÖkœ \ 21 \ G‡Wvwe d‡Uvk‡ci †U·U †jqv‡i †jLvi KvR Kivi Rb¨ Kx Kx Ki‡Z nq?
eY©bv Ki|
DËi : Type Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ UvB‡ci KvR ïiæ Ki‡j IB †jLv AvcbvAvcwb bZzb Text †jqv‡i †jLvi KvR
Kivi Rb¨ :
1. Uzje· †_‡K Type Uzj wm‡j± K‡i K¨vbfv‡mi Dci wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e| wK¬K Kivi m‡½ m‡½ †jqvi
c¨v‡j‡U bZzb †jqvi hy³ n‡e|
2. Uzj wm‡j± K‡i gvDm c‡q›Uvi K¨vbfv‡mi Dci wK¬K Ki‡j †jLvi d›U, d‡›Ui AvKvi BZ¨vw`
wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ Ackb evi-G cÖ‡qvRbxq Wªc WvDb Ackb ZvwjKv cvIqv hv‡e|
3. d›U mvBR wba©vi‡Y d›U Wªc-WvDb ZvwjKv †_‡K myZš^x Gg‡R d›U wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. d›U Wªc-WvDb ZvwjKv †_‡K Aÿ‡ii AvKvi AvcvZZ 72 c‡q‡›U wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. d‡›Ui is AvcvZZ Kv‡jv ivLv hvq|
6. Gevi Ô†mvbvi evsjvÕ UvBc Kiv n‡jv| †jLvwU bZzb †jqvi wn‡m‡e hy³ n‡e| †jqvi c¨v‡j‡U
†jqviwU _v¤^‡bBj wn‡m‡e T eY© _vK‡e|
7. UvB‡ci KvR †kl Kivi ci gyf Uzj ev gvDm c‡q›Uv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †jLv‡K †h‡Kv‡bv Ae¯’v‡b
mwi‡q emv‡bv hv‡e|
8. Gevi gyf Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ PZzfz©R, e„Ë Ges †jLv wewfbœ ¯’v‡b mwi‡q ¯’vcb K‡i †`Lv
†h‡Z cv‡i|
9. Ae‡R± wZbwUi mgwš^Z Ae¯’vb m‡šÍvlbRK n‡j dvBjwU cieZ©x‡Z e¨env‡ii Rb¨ †mf ev
msiÿY K‡i ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|
cÖkœ \ 22 \ µc Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Qwei AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask ev` †`Iqvi c×wZ Av‡jvPbv Ki|
DËi : µc Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Qwei AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask ev` †`Iqvi c×wZ wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
1. Uzj e· †_‡K Crop Tool wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. AvqZvKvi gvwK© Uz‡ji g‡Zv wK¬K I Wª¨vM K‡i Qwei Ge‡ov‡_e‡ov cÖvšÍ ev eW©vi
AskUzKz evB‡i †i‡L †fZ‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  161
3. wm‡jKk‡bi Pvi evû‡Z PviwU Ges Pvi †Kv‡Y PviwU GB †gvU AvUwU duvcv PZz‡®‹vY e·
†`Lv hv‡e| GB PZz‡®‹vY e·¸‡jv‡Z wK¬K I Wª¨vM K‡i wm‡jKk‡bi GjvKv evov‡bv-Kgv‡bv
hv‡e|
4. wm‡jKkb GjvKv P‚ovšÍ Kivi ci Kx‡ev‡W©i Enter †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j wm‡jKk‡bi evB‡ii
AskUzKz ev` c‡o hv‡e|
Gfv‡e µc Uz‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Qwei AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask ev` †`Iqv hvq|
cÖkœ \ 23 \ d‡Uvk‡c µc Uzj e¨env‡ii cÖwµqv †jL|
DËi : d‡Uvk‡c †Kv‡bv Qwe µc Ki‡Z n‡j wb‡Pi avc¸‡jv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. wbw`©ó QwewU I‡cb K‡i wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. Uzj e· †_‡K Crop Tool wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. AvqZKvi gvwK© Uz‡ji g‡Zv wK¬K I Wª¨vM K‡i Qwei Ge‡ov‡_e‡ov cÖvšÍ ev eW©vi
AskUzKz evB‡i †i‡L †fZ‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. wm‡jKk‡bi Pvi evû‡Z PviwU Ges Pvi †Kv‡Y PviwU †gvU AvUwU duvcv PZz‡®‹vY e· †`Lv
hv‡e| GB PZz‡®‹vY e·‡Mv‡jv‡Z wK¬K I Wª¨vM K‡i wm‡jKk‡bi GjvKv evov‡bv-Kgv‡bv
hv‡e|
5. wm‡jKkb GjvKv P‚ovšÍ Kivi ci Kx‡ev‡W©i Enter †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j wm‡jKk‡bi evB‡ii
AskUzKz ev` c‡o hv‡e|
6. wm‡j± Kivi ci hw` g‡b nq µc Kivi KvR †_‡K weiZ _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb, Zvn‡j Kx‡ev‡W©i Esc
†evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j wm‡jKkb P‡j hv‡e| cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Avevi bZzb K‡i wm‡j± Kiv hv‡e|
cÖkœ \ 24 \ d‡Uvk‡c †Kv‡bv Qwei J¾¡j¨ I KbUªv÷ mgš^q Kiv nq Kxfv‡e?
DËi : ¯‹¨vb Kiv Qwe A_ev K¨v‡givq †Zvjv Qwe Aby¾¡j n‡Z cv‡i| mv`v-Kv‡jv ev i‡Oi
`„k¨gvbZv Avkvbyiƒc bvI n‡Z cv‡i| Giƒc †ÿ‡Î Qwei J¾¡j¨ kvwbZ Kiv Ges KbUªv÷ mgš^q Kivi
cÖ‡qvRb nq| Qwei J¾¡j¨ ev KbUªv÷ evov‡bvi Rb¨ :
1. Image †gbyi Adjustment KgvÛ wm‡j± K‡i cÖvß mve-†gby †_‡K Brightness/Contrast wm‡j± Ki‡j
mswkøó WvqvjM e· cvIqv hv‡e|
2. WvqvjM e‡·i eªvBU‡bm/KbUªv÷ møvBWv‡ii w·KvY Wv‡b/ euv‡q mwi‡q Qwei J¾¡j¨ Ges
KbUªv÷ evov‡bv/Kgv‡bvi KvR Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. WvqvjM e‡· Avmvi Av‡M Qwe †Kv‡bv Ask wm‡j± K‡i wb‡j ïay IB As‡ki J¾¡j¨ Ges
KbUªv÷ evov‡bv/Kgv‡bvi KvR Kiv hv‡e|
cÖkœ \ 25 \ G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi Kx? Bjv‡÷ªUi †cÖvMÖvg †Lvjvi cÖwµqv †jL|
DËi : G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi : G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi n‡”Q g~jZ Qwe AuvKv, bKkv cÖYqb Kiv,
†jv‡Mv ˆZwi Kiv Ges Ab¨vb¨ wWRvBb ˆZwi Kivi †cÖvMÖvg| G‡Wvwe d‡Uvkc †cÖvMÖv‡gi
mvnv‡h¨ †hgb wWRvB‡bi KvR Kivi my‡hvM LyeB mxwgZ, †Zgwb G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªU‡i Qwe
m¤úv`bvi my‡hvM cÖvq †bB ej‡jB P‡j| Bjv‡÷ªU‡ii cÖavb KvRB n‡”Q A¼b wk‡íi KvR|
Bjv‡÷ªUi †cÖvMÖvg †Lvjvi cÖwµqv : Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖv‡gi g‡ZvB Bjv‡÷ªU‡i KvR
Kivi Rb¨ Bjv‡÷ªUi †cÖvMÖvgwU Ly‡j wb‡Z nq| Bjv‡÷ªUi †cÖvMÖvg †Lvjvi cÖwµqv wb‡P
eY©bv Kiv n‡jv :
1. c`©vi wb‡Pi w`‡K evg w`‡K evg †Kv‡Y ÷vU© (Start) †evZv‡gi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi wb‡q
wK¬K Ki‡j GKwU †gby ev ZvwjKv Avm‡e|
2. G †gbyi Aj †cÖvMÖvgm (All Programs) Kgv‡Ûi Dci gvDm c‡q›Uvi ¯’vcb Ki‡j GKwU
d¬vBAvDU †gby cvIqv hv‡e|
3. G d¬vBAvDU †gby ZvwjKv †_‡K G‡Wvwe gv÷vi Kv‡jKkb (Adobe Master Collection) †gby‡Z
wK¬K Ki‡j Avi GKwU d¬vBAvDU †gby Avm‡e| G †gby‡Z G‡Wvwei †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jvi
ZvwjKv cvIqv hv‡e|
4. G ZvwjKv †_‡K G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi †cÖvMÖv‡gi bv‡gi Dci wK¬K Ki‡j G‡Wvwe Bjv‡÷ªUi
(Adobe Illustrator) †cÖvMÖvg Ly‡j hv‡e|
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  162
cÖkœ \ 26 \ Bjv‡÷ªU‡i Ae‡R± ˆZwi Kivi †KŠkj eY©bv Ki|
DËi : d‡Uvk‡c Ae‡R± ˆZwii cÖ¯‘wZ ch©v‡q wewfbœ ai‡bi AvK…wZ ˆZwii cÖv_wgK KvR
Kivi cÖwµqv I c×wZ AvqË K‡i †bIqv cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb- eM©vKvi I AvqZvKvi AvK…wZ ˆZwi
Kiv, e„ËvKvi I wW¤^vKvi AvK…wZ ˆZwi Kiv, eû‡KvYwewkó AvK…wZ, ZviKvi AvK…wZ,
†cuPv‡bv AvK…wZ BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kiv| GKwU Ae‡R± ˆZwii Rb¨ :
1. gvDm c‡q›Uvi w`‡q †i‡±‡½j (Rectangle) Uz‡ji Dc‡i wK¬K Ki‡j UzjwU wm‡j‡±W n‡e|
2. gvDm c‡q›Uvi c`©vi †fZ‡i G‡b †h‡Kv‡bv RvqMvq wK¬K K‡i wb‡Pi w`‡K Wvb †KvYvKzwY
GK BwÂi g‡Zv WªvM Kivi ci gvD‡mi Pvc †Q‡o w`‡j GKwU AvqZKvi ev PZzfz©R Ae‡R±
ˆZwi n‡e|
GKB cÖwµqvq Uzj e· †_‡K Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv Ae‡R± Uzj wm‡j± K‡i Ab¨vb¨ Ae‡R± ˆZwii KvR
Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kv‡bv Ae‡R±B mvaviYZ GKevi ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| evievi Ask we‡kl gy‡Q
ev cy‡ivUv gy‡Q Avevi bZzb K‡i ïiæ Ki‡Z nq|
cÖkœ \ 27 \ Bjv‡÷ªU‡i wdj I †÷ªvK ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : GKwU Ae‡R‡±i cÖvšÍ ev eW©vi‡K ejv nq †÷ªvK Ges †fZ‡ii Ask‡K ejv nq wdj| wdj I
†÷ªvK †mvqv‡Pi e¨envi Kvjvi c¨v‡j‡Ui m‡½ m¤úK©hy³| Kvjvi c¨v‡jUwU c`©vq we`¨gvb bv
_vK‡j DB‡Ûv (Window) †gby †_‡K Kvjvi (Color) KgvÛ w`‡j ev Kx‡ev‡W©i F6 †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j
Kvjvi c¨v‡jUwU c`©vq Dc¯’vwcZ n‡e| wdj †mvqv‡P wK¬K Ki‡j wdj †mvqvPwU mwµq n‡e
Ges Dc‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| G Ae¯’vq ïay wdj (Fill)-Gi KvR Kiv hv‡e| †Kv‡bv Ae‡R±‡K is w`‡q c~iY
Kiv hv‡e| †÷ªv‡K is cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv| GKB iKgfv‡e †÷ªvK †mvqv‡P wK¬K Ki‡j †÷ªvK
†mvqvPwU mwµq n‡e Ges wdj m‡mi Dc‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| G Ae¯’vq Ae‡R‡±i †÷ªv‡K is
cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e| Ae‡R±‡K is w`‡q c~iY Kiv ev wdj (Fill)- Gi KvR Kiv hv‡e bv|
cÖkœ \ 28 \ Bjv‡÷ªU‡i †jqvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? bZzb †jqvi ˆZwi Ges †jqvi evwZj Kivi
†KŠkj eY©bv Ki|
DËi : †jqvi : Layer k‡ãi evsjv A_© n‡jv ¯Íi| GB ¯Íi‡K ¯^”Q KvP, cwjw_b BZ¨vw`i m‡½ Zzjbv
Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GB c×wZ‡Z KvR Kivi myweav n‡jv †jqvimg~‡ni g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Q-¯Íi
web¨vm cwieZ©b Kiv, Kv‡Ri myweav‡_© cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx GK ev GKvwaK Ae‡R± A`„k¨
K‡i ivLv, Kv‡Ri myweav‡_© †jqvi jK K‡i ivLv, bZzb †jqvi †hvM Kiv Ges AcÖ‡qvRbxq †jqvi
evwZj Kiv BZ¨vw`|
bZzb †jqvi ˆZwi Kivi †KŠkj : Kw¤úDUv‡i Bjv‡÷ªUi †cªvMÖvg Pvjy Ki‡j †jqvi c¨v‡j‡U GKwU
gvÎ †jqvi _vK‡e| GB †jqv‡ii KvR †kl n‡j wb‡¤œv³ wbq‡g bZzb †jqvi ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. †jqvi c¨v‡j‡Ui wb‡Pi mvwi‡Z Create New Layer AvBKb wK¬K Ki‡j †jqvi c¨v‡j‡U GKwU bZzb
†jqvi AšÍfz©³ n‡e|
2. µwgK msL¨vhy³ †jqvi‡K wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv bv‡g wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ †jqviwUi Dci Wej wK¬K
Ki‡j †jqvi Ackbm bv‡g GKwU WvqvjM e· cvIqv hv‡e| WvqvjM e‡·i †bg N‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq
bvg UvBc K‡i OK †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡j mswkøó †jqviwUi µwgK msL¨v ev bvg WvqvjM e‡·
UvBc Kiv bv‡g cwiewZ©Z n‡q hv‡e|
†jqvi evwZj Kivi †KŠkj : †jqvi c¨v‡jU †_‡K †Kv‡bv †jqvi evwZj Ki‡Z n‡j wb‡¤œv³
avcmg~n AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e :
3. †jqviwU wm‡j± K‡i †jqvi c¨v‡j‡Ui cc-Avc †gby †_‡K wWwjU KgvÛ wm‡j± Ki‡j wm‡j± Kiv
†jqviwU evwZj n‡q hv‡e|
AvU©IqvK© ev Ae‡R±wewkó †jqvi evwZj Kivi cÖwµqvq GKwU mZK©Zvm~PK evZ©v
cÖ`wk©Z n‡e Ò†jqviwU evwZj Ki‡Z Pvb wK-bv|Ó OK †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡j †jqviwU evwZj
n‡q hv‡e Ges NO †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡j evwZj cÖwµqv i` n‡q hv‡e| Z‡e, †jqviwU‡Z wK¬K I
WªvM K‡i wWwjU AvBK‡bi Dci †Q‡o w`‡j Giƒc evZ©v Avm‡e bv|
cÖkœ \ 29 \ Bjv‡÷ªU‡i c‡q›U †U·U c×wZ‡Z UvBc Kiv hvq Kxfv‡e?
 beg-`kg †kÖwY : Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³  163
DËi : Bjv‡÷ªU‡i c‡q›U †U·U (Point Text) c×wZ‡Z UvBc Kivi wbqg LyeB mnR| G c×wZ‡Z UvBc
Kivi Rb¨-
1. Uzje· †_‡K UvBc Uzj (Type Tool) wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
2. c`©vi †h‡Kv‡bv duvKv RvqMvq wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. evsjvq UvBc Kivi Rb¨ Kx‡evW©‡K evsjv Kx‡ev‡W© iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
4. c`©vi Dc‡i wie‡b K¨v‡i±vi (Character) †jLvi Dci wK¬K Ki‡j K¨v‡i±vi (Character) c¨v‡jU cvIqv
hv‡e| K¨v‡i±vi (Character) c¨v‡j‡Ui d›U (Font) cc-Avc †gby †_‡K wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
5. IqvW© cÖ‡mwms‡qi wbq‡g UvBc Kivi KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e| wm‡jKkb Uzj w`‡q †h‡Kv‡bv
Aÿ‡ii Dci wK¬K Ki‡j †jLv¸‡jvi wb‡P GKwU †iLv †`Lv hv‡e| GB †iLv‡K ejv nq †eRjvBb
(Baseline)|

cÖkœ \ 30 \ Bjv‡÷ªU‡i Qwe †hvM Kivi cÖwµqv †jL|

DËi : Bjv‡÷ªU‡i Qwe ev B‡gR ¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ wb‡Pi avc¸‡jv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡e :
1. dvBj (File) †gby †_‡K †cøm (Place) KgvÛ w`‡j †cøm (Place) WvqvjM e· cvIqv hv‡e|
2. †cøm (Place) WvqvjM e‡· cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBjwU Lyu‡R †ei K‡i wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
Ñ Av‡M †_‡K Rvbv _vK‡Z n‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBjwU Kx bv‡g †Kvb †dvìv‡i i‡q‡Q| wbw`©ó
†dvìviwU †Lvjvi ci cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBjwU wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e|
3. WvqvjM e‡·i †cøm (Place) †evZv‡g wK¬K Ki‡j wm‡j± Kiv dvBjwUi Qwe ev B‡gR
Bjv‡÷ªU‡ii c`©vq ¯’vwcZ n‡e|
Ñ d‡Uvk‡ci Qwe ev B‡g‡R Bjv‡÷ªU‡i ¯’vwcZ nIqvi ci †MvUv Qwe ev B‡gR Ry‡o GKwU
µm wPý _vK‡e| evB‡i duvKv RvqMvq wK¬K Ki‡j Qwe †_‡K µm wPý P‡j hv‡e|
wm‡jKkb Uzj w`‡q Qwei Dci wK¬K Ki‡j QwewU wm‡j± n‡e, Pvi †Kv‡Y PviwU I Pvi
evû‡Z PviwU wimvBR e· we`¨gvb _vK‡e| wimvBR e·¸‡jv‡Z wK¬K I Wª¨vM K‡i Qwe
†QvU-eoKiv hv‡e|