Specimen TOT FOR PCL PD2 PD1 PP2 SVL PSP PG1 HDL POB POR PRN IDS

DCS PPS PCS PDS DW DL DT SWG SWB COL COH EYL EYH INO SPL SPH
ESL INS NOW INW ANF NSE MOL MOW ULA LLA GS1 GS2 GS3 GS4 GS5 ING1
INGS HDH TRH TRW ABH ABW CPH CPW VNL TFL P1L P1A P1B P1H P1P P1I
P2L P2A P2B P2H P2P P2I P2S CLO CLI CLB D1L D1A D1B D1H D1P D1I
D2L D2A D2B D2H D2P D2I CDM CPV CPL CPU
 -8-

1.2 Technical Terms and Measurements

1.2.1 Picture Guide to Terminology of Sharks

first dorsal fin

dorsal fin
spiracle spine
second dorsal fin
eye
precaudal pit
nostril
snout

caudal fin

mouth
caudal keel
labial pelvic fin
furrows gill anal fin
openings
lateral view clasper (males)

pectoral fin posterior tip

terminal lobe

dorsal lobe
dorsal margin terminal margin

upper origin subterminal margin

.subterminal notch
upper eyelid upper postventral margin
posterior notch
lower origin lower postventral margin
notch
preventral margin
nictitating caudal fin
lower eyelid ventral lobe
ventral tip
secondary
lower eyelid

subocular pocket

eyes
apex
spine
posterior
margin
anterior
margin
free rear tip
base
inner margin
origin insertion

dorsal fin
 -9-

gill opening precaudal

nostril tail
snout anal fin
caudal fin
head trunk

preanal ridges
vent
mouth
pectoral pelvic fin
fin (female, no claspers)

ventral view
incurrent aperture
anterior nasal flap
anterior nasal flap lifted
posterior nasal flap
excurrent aperture
excurrent aperture
nasoral groove
mouth
nostril
symphyseal groove
incurrent anterior nasal flap
aperture lower labial furrow
labial furrow
circumnarial groove
circumnarial fold
upper labial furrow
barbel

diagrammatic orectoloboid head labial fold

mouth corner
insertion

inner margin
base
free rear tip

origin
posterior margin
anterior
margin

apex

pectoral fin
 - 10 -

1.2.2 Measurements Used for Sharks

TOT = TOTAL LENGTH PP2 = PREPELVIC LENGTH

FOR = FORK LENGTH SVL = SNOUT-VENT LENGTH
PRC = PRECAUDAL LENGTH PAL = PREANAL LENGTH
PD2 = PRE-SECOND DORSAL LENGTH I DS = INTERDORSAL SPACE
PD1 = PRE-FIRST DORSAL LENGTH DCS = DORSAL-CAUDAL SPACE
HDL = HEAD LENGTH PPS = PECTORAL-PELVIC SPACE
PG1 = PREBRANCHIAL LENGTH PAS = PELVIC-ANAL SPACE
PSP = PRESPIRACULAR LENGTH ACS = ANAL-CAUDAL SPACE
POB = PREORBITAL LENGTH PCA = PELVIC-CAUDAL SPACE
PP1 PREPECTORAL LENGTH VCL = VENT-CAUDAL LENGTH

TOT

FOR

PRC

PD2

PD1

HDL

PGI
IDS
PSP
DCS

POB

ACS
PAS
PPS
PP1
PCA
PP2

SVL VCL

PAL

PRN = PRENARIAL LENGTH

POR = PREORAL LENGTH ING
EYL = EYE LENGTH EYL
EYH = EYE HEIGHT
EYG

ING = INTERGILL LENGTH

=
GS5
GS1

GS1 FIRST GILL SLIT HEIGHT

GS2 = SECOND GILL SLIT HEIGHT PRN
POR P1I
GS3 = THIRD GILL SLIT HEIGHT P1B
GS4 = FOURTH GILL SLIT HEIGHT
GS5 = FIFTH GILL SLIT HEIGHT
GS6 = SIXTH GILL SLIT HEIGHT
GS7 = SEVENTH GILL SLIT HEIGHT
PlA = PECTORAL ANTERIOR MARGIN
P1H

=
P1P

PlR PECTORAL RADIAL LENGHT

P1

P1

PlB = PECTORAL BASE

R

P1I = PECTORAL INNER MARGIN

PIP = PECTORAL POSTERIOR MARGIN
PIH = PECTORAL HEIGHT
SO

SOD = SUBOCULAR POCKET DEPTH

D

P1L
cross-section
through eye
 - 11-

CDM = DORSAL CAUDAL MARGIN

CPV = PREVENTRAL CAUDAL MARGIN CDM
CPU = UPPER POSTVENTRAL CAUDAL MARGIN

CSW
CPL = LOWER POSTVENTRAL CAUDAL MARGIN
CFW = CAUDAL FORK WIDTH
R
CT
CFL = CAUDAL FORK LENGTH U
CP CS

CFW
CST = SUBTERMINAL CAUDAL MARGIN T
CSW = SUBTERMINAL CAUDAL MARGIN
CTL
CTR = TERMINAL CAUDAL MARGIN
CTL = TERMINAL CAUDAL LOBE
caudal fin

CP
CFL

L
CP
V

1A
D

D1
P
D1H

D2L
D2B
D2I
A
D2

D2H
D1B D1I

D2
P
D1L

ANL
P2L ANI
ANB
P2I
DIL = FIRST DORSAL LENGTH P2B

ANH
D1A = FIRST DORSAL ANTERIOR MARGIN

P
DIB = FIRST DORSAL BASE
P2H

AN
D1H = FIRST DORSAL HEIGHT AN
A
D1I = FIRST DORSAL INNER MARGIN P2
P

A
P2

DIP = FIRST DORSAL POSTERIOR MARGIN

trunk
D2L = SECOND DORSAL LENGTH
D2A = SECOND DORSAL ANTERIOR MARGIN
ANL = ANAL LENGTH
D2B = SECOND DORSAL BASE
ANA = ANAL ANTERIOR MARGIN
D2H = SECOND DORSAL HEIGHT
D2I = SECOND DORSAL INNER MARGIN ANB = ANAL BASE
ANH = ANAL HEIGHT
D2P = SECOND DORSAL POSTERIOR MARGIN
ANI = ANAL INNER MARGIN
ANP = ANAL POSTERIOR MARGIN
P2L = PELVIC LENGTH
PZA = PELVIC ANTERIOR MARGIN
P2B = PELVIC BASE
P2H = PELVIC HEIGHT
P2I = PELVIC INNER MARGIN LENGTH
P2P = PELVIC POSTERIOR MARGIN LENGTH

PDI PDO
HDH

ABH

TAH
TRH

CPH

DPI DPO
DAO DAI
HDH = HEAD HEIGHT DPO = FIRST DORSAL MIDPOINT-PELVIC ORIGIN
TRH = TRUNK HEIGHT PDI = PELVIC MIDPOINT-FIRST DORSAL INSERTION
ABH = ABDOMEN HEIGHT PDO = PELVIC MIDPOINT-SECOND DORSAL ORIGIN
TAH = TAIL HEIGHT DAO = SECOND DORSAL ORIGIN-ANAL ORIGIN
CPH = CAUDAL PEDUNCLE HEIGHT DAI = SECOND DORSAL INSERTION-ANAL INSERTION
 - 12 -

MOL = MOUTH LENGTH CLO = CLASPER OUTER LENGTH

MOW = MOUTH WIDTH CLI = CLASPER INNER LENGTH
ULA = UPPER LABIAL FURROW LENGTH CLB = CLASPER BASE WIDTH
LLA = LOWER LABIAL FURROW LENGTH
NOW = NOSTRIL WIDTH
INW = INTERNARIAL SPACE
ANF = ANTERIOR NASAL FLAP LENGTH CLO
NO

CLI
W

F
AN
clasper
nostril

MOL
MOW
INW

LL ventral view
A

ULA

angle of mouth

R
GI
GIR = GIRTH

SPL
ABW

TAW
TRW

CPW
HDW
INO

ESL dorsal view

I NO = INTERORBITAL SPACE
SPL = SPIRACLE LENGTH
ESL = EYE SPIRACLE SPACE

HDW = HEAD WIDTH

TRW = TRUNK WIDTH
ABW = ABDOMEN WIDTH
TAW = TAIL WIDTH
CPW = CAUDAL PEDUNCLE WIDTH

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Teclmi('(l! Ter111s a11d Measureme111s

Table 1: Position number (No. 1 - 66) for external measurements of sharks

(Please refer to figures 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3)

No. in figs. Measurement position No. in figs. Measurement position

Total length 35 Spiracle:

Snout tip to: maximum width
2 outer nostrils Eye:
3 eye 36 horizonta l diameter
4 spiracle 37 vertical diameter
5 mouth First dorsal tin:
6 first gill opening 38 overall length
7 second gill opening 39 length base
8 third gill opening 40 length posterior margin
9 fourth gill opening 41 height
10 fifth gill opening 42 interorbital width
11 pectoral origin Second dorsal fin:
12 pelvic origin 43 overall length
13 cloaca 44 length base
14 first dorsal origin 45 length posterior margin
15 second dorsal origin 46 height
16 anal fin origin Anal fin:
17 upper caudal origin 47 overall length
18 lower caudal origin 48 length base
Distance between bases: 49 length posterior margin
19 first and second dorsal 50 height
Pectoral fin:
20 second dorsal and caudal
21 pectoral and pelvic
51 length base
52 length ante rior margin
22 pelvic and anal
53 length inner (or distal) margin
23 anal and caudal
54 length posterior margin
Distance between origins of:
Pelvic fin:
24 pectoral and pelvic
55 overall length
Nostrils:
56 length base
25 distance between inner corners
57 length an terior margin
Mouth:
58 l e~ gth inner (or di stal) margin
26 width
59 length claspers
27 length
60 (from pelvic ax il ; outer claspers)
Labial furrow lengths:
Caudal fin:
28 upper 61 length dorsal lobe
29 lower 62 length ventral lobe
Gill opening lengths: 63 dorsal tip to notch
30 first 64 depth notch
31 second Trunk at pectoral origin:
32 third 65 wid th
33 fourth 66 height
34 fifth

Sharl-.s and R ay~ of M ;~ l ays i a ;~nd Brunei Daru,,a Jam 17

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· Figure 3: Measurement position of sharks
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Teclllli('(!{ Ter111s and Measuremen1s

65

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Figure 3. 1: Dorsal surface of shark 's hea

Figure 3.2: Ventral surface of pelvic fins and claspers

Figure 3.3: Undersurface of shark's head

Shari-.~ and Ray~ of l\1ala)~ia ami Brunei Daru\\alam ~-~-9--