As a medical profesionals, doctors have a responsibility to adhere to two
fundamental principles when providing their services: to help and to do no harm. In
the Geneva Declaration of 1948, the World Medical Association (WMA) restated the
concept adapted from the doctor’s oath that the patient’s health is the main concern
and will not use their knowledge for something that conflicts with human rights, act
independently, and must be solely loyal to the best interest of their patients (mono-
loyalty). However, conflicts arise when doctors treating patients funded by the
Health Sosial Security Administration (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial
Kesehatan, BPJS Kesehatan), where budget onstraints be main consideration in
treating patients which can be conflicting with the patients’ needs (dual-loyalty). This
ethical dilemma highlights the importance of protecting patient safety and
preserving the independence of medical profesionals.. One solution is to shift the
prospective Indonesia Case Based Groups (INA-CBGs) claims into retrospective
claims, where claims are based on patient needs, and only be made after services
have been provided