Christian Aid Poverty Workshop Guide
Christian Aid Poverty Workshop Guide
POVERTY: CAUSES
AND SOLUTIONS
Introductory notes for school speakers
This workshop contains facts and the most recent stories from Christian Aid’s partners
around the world, as well as ideas for interactive activities for older and younger pupils.
You can adapt the material and the activities to suit the needs of the school you are
visiting, the age and ability of the pupils, the timings and format of the session, and your
own preferences. The age group appropriate for each activity is indicated, and suggestions
are given for how activities can be adapted and extended.
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Company no. 426928 The Christian Aid name and logo are trademarks of Christian Aid. This material has been written for educational purposes.
For wider distribution or commercial gain, permission must be sought from Christian Aid. © Christian Aid February 2014 14-781-J2281
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Learning outcomes
By the end of this session, younger pupils should a) negative
be able to: b) positive
c) a mix of both?
– understand that the world’s wealth and
resources are distributed unequally Explain:
– reflect on the things essential to living Nearly half of all people living in the world are living
a full life in poverty. That is a shocking fact. But what does
– relate to some stories of people living ‘poverty’ really mean – and where do the 3 billion
in poverty and use these to identify and poor people on this planet live?
challenge stereotypes
It’s important to understand that poverty is
– understand that extreme poverty can complicated; it is not just about having too little
be overcome. food, or medicine, or clothes – though it can be
partly about all those things. Above all, it’s about
By the end of this session, older students should
not having the options to live your life to the full.
be able to:
Because if you live in poverty, then it is likely that
– define poverty in terms beyond income, you do not have much choice over the sort of work
understanding poverty as a lack of power that you do, or where you live. It’s likely that getting
and opportunity hold of the things that many other people take
– understand that inequality underpins poverty for granted – like clean water, food and medicines
– is a major worry and a drain on your time and
– comprehend the challenges that poverty
energy. It means that if a disaster, like a flood or an
represents for some people around the world
earthquake, strikes the place where you live, then
– identify and challenge stereotypes relating to you are much more likely to be injured or killed,
poverty and development. because your home will probably not be very safe.
Warm-up activity for younger pupils It means that you are much more likely to get ill,
and be hungry and tired and badly-treated by other
Ask pupils to arrange themselves in a circle and to
people. Basically, it means that life is difficult.
throw a ball between them. Whoever catches the
ball should shout out a word that they associate And where might these poor people live? It is too
with poverty. As they do this, you should write simplistic to say that some countries are ‘poor’
the words up on a board/sheet of paper. Once and some countries are ‘rich’. Very often, there
everyone has had a chance to shout out a word, are communities of very poor people living in
ask them to sit down and talk through the kinds countries that are not so poor at all. For example,
of words that were mentioned. You should gently India has more billionaires than the UK, and yet it
lead them to identify some of the stereotypes that also has more hungry children than the whole of
they might hold about other countries/people living sub-Saharan Africa. In many countries – including
in poverty and to consider where these come from our own – poorer people live alongside much richer
and whether they are accurate. people, so we need to remember that it is not
as simple as ‘poor countries’ and ‘rich countries’.
Questions:
Today, it makes more sense to talk about ‘poor
• Where do pupils’ ideas about people in other communities’, rather than poor countries.
countries come from?
And we must also remember that, even when
• How many people do pupils think live in poverty
most people in a country are poor, that does not
in the world – and where do they think they live?
mean that there is something ‘wrong’ with that
• Are pupils’ ideas about life in other countries country. Often the causes of, and solutions to,
mainly: poverty lie closer to home than we might realise.
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Ask for 10 pupils to come up to the front of the Three-quarters should go to the pair who represent
class and present them with a cake. Ask them the richest 20 per cent of people in the world.
how they would divide it fairly between them.
Explain that these 10 people represent the whole Just under one-quarter (22 per cent) should go to
population of the world. Now split them into two the middle 60 per cent.
groups of two and one of six, and get them to The remainder (about 1.5 per cent of the whole
stand in their groups – the two pairs on either side cake) should go to the pair who represent the
of the middle group of six. One pair represent poorest 20 per cent.
the richest 20 per cent of the world’s people, the
middle six represent the middle 60 per cent of the The diagram below shows how the world’s
world’s people, and the other pair represent the consumption is divided. This will give you a rough
poorest 20 per cent of the world’s people. Then cut guide as to how to divide up your cake! (This
the cake and hand it out on plates, roughly diagram is also shown on slide 2 of the Poverty:
as follows: causes and solutions PowerPoint presentation.)
The world’s
middle 60%
consume 21.9%
The world’s
richest 20%
consume 76.6%
Source: World
Bank Development
Indicators 2008
Questions:
• How did this make the different groups feel?
• Was it fair?
Explain:
This really does represent how things are divided between rich and poor in this world: The world’s richest
20 per cent consume over three-quarters of the world’s goods and services, and most of the rest is
consumed by the middle 60 per cent. The very poorest 20 per cent consume a tiny bit, just 1.5 per cent.
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Activity: Overcoming challenges in Sierra Leone, and how people in Gbap are now
(For younger pupils) being helped to farm more food, with seeds, tools
and a new food-processing centre. Patricia explains
Show the films featuring the stories of Patricia, why she thinks education is important, and talks of
Jeremiah and Ivana (or you could choose to focus her excitement about the new school building that
on just one of these). If you prefer not to show is being built by a Christian Aid partner.
films, or facilities are not available, there are images
of these young people on slides 3-5 of the Poverty: (Slide 5) Ivana lives in a remote community, deep
Causes and Solutions PowerPoint presentation. in the Bolivian rainforest. In this film she takes you
around her local community, sharing how Christian
(Slide 3) Jeremiah lives in Matopeni, a slum Aid partner CIPCA has helped people here to rear
settlement in Kenya. In the film, he explains how woolless sheep and also chickens, ensuring the
sanitation issues make his life difficult, as he has people have food all year round.
to carry clean water a long distance and avoid the
risk of Matopeni’s ‘flying toilets’. He looks forward Hand out the ‘Overcoming challenges’ worksheet,
to the building of a new toilet block, provided by his which features pictures of Jeremiah, Patricia and
local council, and drains and taps with clean water, Ivana. Ask pupils, as they watch and/or listen, to jot
provided by Christian Aid partner Maji Na Ufanisi. down anything of interest that they notice in the
films, or in your descriptions, in the space around
(Slide 4) Patricia lives in the town of Gbap, in Sierra the pictures.
Leone. This film explains how war led to hunger
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basic education for all than the amount spent on Warm-up activity for older students
ice cream?). Ask five students to come up to the front of the
Once the pupils have arranged themselves, reveal class, and present them with five breadsticks.
that this was the true order (from highest to Explain that the five people represent all of the
lowest): people in the world and the breadsticks represent
all of the money in the world. Ask how they think
Amount spent on alcohol: £67bn the breadsticks should therefore be divided up.
Amount spent on cigarettes: £32bn Then give out the breadsticks like this:
Amount spent on pet food: £11bn
Give the first person (the richest 20 per cent)
Amount it would have cost to provide basic health four breadsticks.
and nutrition for everyone in the world: £8bn
Give the second person two-thirds of the
Amount spent on perfume: £7.5bn remaining breadstick.
Amount it would have cost to provide
Give the third person two-thirds of what’s
health services to keep women and
left of the breadstick.
babies safe: £7.5bn
Amount spent on ice cream: £7bn Give the next person a little over half of
what you have left.
Amount it would have cost to provide clean
water for everyone in the world: £6bn And to the last person, representing the
poorest 20 per cent of the world’s population,
Amount spent on make-up: £5bn
give about 20 per cent of a breadstick, or the
Amount it would have cost to provide basic crumbs you have left.*
education for everyone in the world: £4bn*
Explain
(This information is also shown on slide 6 of This is roughly how the world’s wealth is currently
the Poverty: Causes and Solutions PowerPoint divided: the poorest 20 per cent of the world’s
presentation.) people, many of whom live on less than US$1 a
*Note: these figures are from the UNDP Human Development Report, 1998 day, account for just 1.5 per cent of world income.**
([Link] and may not reflect
current spending levels. The exercise is helpful to demonstrate the disparity Questions:
between spending priorities in the past and to highlight how under-resourced
the fight against poverty has been. Please note that figures represent the • How did the students feel about the amount they
estimated additional annual spending (rather than total spending), required to were given?
provide these things (obviously, there is already investment in these areas).
• Can they explain any reasons why the world is
Show the Transformers film. This film provides an so unequal?
overview of the way that Christian Aid works and
some of the issues that it works on. Please note
that this film was produced in 2008, and some
information should be updated. For example, there
are now 7 billion people in the world, not 6 billion.
*[Link]/socialpolicy/files/Global_Inequality.pdf
**[Link] p269
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Activity: People power v poverty people. And as India’s wealth grows, so do the
(For older students) business interests – and many poorer people have
found that their land and livelihoods are threatened
Show the Inequality in India film. as large areas of land are sold off to big business.
This film will help students consider the impact of Christian Aid’s partner Ekta Parishad fought back
poverty on the life of a whole community of poor with a mass movement to demand land rights. In
people. 2012, having spent several years travelling around
India drumming up support, hundreds of thousands
Questions:
of poor people joined a march towards the capital
• Why are so many people in India poor, in spite of city, Delhi, to demand rights to their land. It was
the country’s growing wealth? one of the biggest non-violent campaigns the
• Why are land rights so important? world has ever witnessed – and it worked!
• What is being done about it? Before the marchers reached the capital, the Indian
government agreed to meet their demands and
Explain:
bring about a change that would guarantee access
(There is an image of the marchers on slide 7 of to land and livelihood-resources for all, regardless
the PowerPoint presentation.) of wealth or caste. This amazing victory has the
Many people in India are subsistence farmers, potential to lift millions of people out of poverty –
who live off the land that they farm. The wealth and shows what can be achieved if enough people
that has been generated by India’s rapidly growing stand up to injustice.
economy has not trickled down to the poorest
Activity: What can you do? For example, Christian Aid currently campaigns to
(For older students) change tax laws, so that companies who make a
lot of money in poor countries pay their fair share
Explain: of tax money back to those countries.
Christian Aid works in many different ways to
Share the ‘What can you do?’ worksheet, which
fight poverty. It supports people living in the
has space for students to list their ideas under the
very poorest communities around the world,
headings Give, Act and Pray/Wish/Hope. This is
finding ways to help people escape poverty for
a good time to hear their ideas about what they
good. It works through partners, which are local
might be able to contribute to the fight against
organisations whose staff are already living and
poverty, and also to provide information about the
working alongside the communities they are trying
latest appeals and campaigns. If you are in any
to help. It works through these partners because
doubt about what these are, then you can look at
it understands that local people have the best
the website ([Link]) or contact your
understanding of the problems affecting their own
local Christian Aid office.
communities – and will have much better, and
more workable, ideas about what they need to do Remind students that Christian Aid is an
to fix those problems. organisation founded on Christian principles, but
that you don’t have to be a Christian to support
Christian Aid also works by campaigning to change
Christian Aid – the charity works with people of all
the systems that keep people poor. This means
faiths and none, wherever the need is greatest,
asking people in power – like governments and
irrespective of religion or nationality.
big corporations – to change the rules, and the
way they do things, so that the needs of poor
people are considered. (There is an image of
tax campaigners on slide 8 of the PowerPoint
presentation.)
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Concluding activity for younger pupils Concluding activity for older pupils
Think about/draw the images that came into your Show the Poverty Over animation and ask pupils
mind when you first thought about poverty today. to suggest ways in which they think they could
Now think about/draw the images that come into help to end poverty. (Possible suggestions might
your mind when you think about poverty. What has include: prayer, campaigning, fundraising, helping
changed? to challenge stereotypes.)
You could show the Emmanuel film, which has a There is an image of the Poverty Over logo on slide
nice, reflective tone, and ask pupils to reflect on 9 of the PowerPoint presentation.
the ways in which Emmanuel’s hopes and dreams
are the same as their own. You could leave pupils
with the ‘What can you do?’ worksheet.
Other resources you could use to explore issues of poverty with younger pupils:
Assemblies
Our assemblies all touch on issues relating to poverty.
Other resources you could use to explore issues of poverty with older students:
‘IF’ campaign resources for schools ‘Poverty Over’ sixth form workshop
These resources are produced by the IF This workshop for sixth formers will help you
campaign and include a PowerPoint, teaching to explore issues relating to poverty at a more
resource, and school campaign action. They are advanced level.
available from: [Link]/if-assembly
The Poverty Challenge
This simulation game can now be downloaded in
full from the Learn website.
Assemblies
Our assemblies all touch on issues relating to poverty.
Please note: all these resources can be downloaded from [Link]/learn
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✃
Music Shoes Friendship Family
✃
✃
Love Fun Sport Food
✃
✃
Time to play/
Television School Water
socialise
✃
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Football Medicine Rights Internet access
✃
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Bicycle Clothes DVDs Shelter
✃
essential
important
less important
POVERTY WORKSHOP
Overcoming challenges
WORKSHEET
Watch the films about Jeremiah, Patricia and Ivana, or listen to their stories, and note down any important
information about their lives and the places where they live.
Ivana, Bolivia
Christian Aid/Rachel Stevens
SCHOOL SPEAKER WORKSHOP