Developing Organic Skincare and Haircare Products

Submitted By
Sabahat Iqbal CHEM211101085
Asma Jamil CHEM 211101083
Wajiha Khalid CHEM 211101079
Sammad Abbas CHEM211101035
Shehnila Mustafa CHEM 211101062
Laiba Attique CHEM 211101100

Supervised By
Dr. Muhammad Safdar

BACHELOR’S OF SCIENCE IN CHEMISTRY

Institute Of Chemistry,
Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences
Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology,
Rahim Yar Khan.
 Acknowledgement
For this work, firstly, we would acknowledge Allah Almighty for His mercy and magnificence.
We are deeply grateful to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of our final
year project. Our heartfelt thanks go to our formerly supervisor. Dr. Muhammad Safdar, for his
unwavering support and invaluable guidance throughout this challenging endeavor.
Our parents ‘unconditional love and encouragement have been a constant source of motivation,
and we thank them wholeheartedly. To our friends and well wishers, your encouragement has
kept us inspired.
Our gratitude extends to Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology,
Rahim Yar Khan for providing a conducive environment for our project.
We are honored to have such wonderful people and institutions on this journey with us. Thank
you all for your invaluable support.
Table of Contents
Organic Vitamin C Serum.....................................................................................5
Abstract..........................................................................................................5
Introduction....................................................................................................5
Apparatus used:............................................................................................6
Chemical required:........................................................................................6
Synthesis of Vitamin C Serum.............................................................................6
Benefits of Vitamin C Serum...............................................................................7
Conclusion......................................................................................................7
Organic Soap......................................................................................................8
Vitamin C Soap................................................................................................8
Abstract......................................................................................................8
Introduction.................................................................................................8
Apparatus required.......................................................................................8
Chemical required.........................................................................................8
Synthesis of Vitamin C Soap:...........................................................................8
Figure 3: Vitamin C Soap..................................................................................9
Key Features................................................................................................9
Uses..........................................................................................................10
Result........................................................................................................10
Acne Neem Soap.............................................................................................10
Abstract........................................................................................................10
Introduction:.................................................................................................10
Apparatus required.....................................................................................10
Chemical required:......................................................................................10
Synthesis of Neem Acne Soap:........................................................................11
Key features and benefits:.............................................................................11
Results......................................................................................................11
Introduction..................................................................................................12
Apparatus used..............................................................................................12
Chemicals required.........................................................................................12
Procedure:....................................................................................................12
Uses.............................................................................................................13
Result...........................................................................................................13
 Organic Vitamin C Serum
Abstract
Vitamin C serum is a topical skincare product containing a high concentration of ascorbic acid,
the active form of vitamin C. It provides numerous benefits for the skin, including increased
collagen production, reduced signs of aging, improved skin tone and texture, and protection
against sun damage. Vitamin C is an unstable molecule that can easily degrade when exposed to
light, heat. Andoir Maintaining a low pH (belote 3.5) is crucial for stabilizing vitamin C in serum
formulations and enhancing skin penetration. The efficacy of vitamin C serum is directly
proportional to its concentration, with 20% being the maximum effective level. Regular
application of vitamin C serum can lead to a tenacious wserowir in the skin, providing long-
lasting photo protection. However, not all vitamin C derivatives used in cosmetic products are
physiologically effective, as some may not be adequately delivered into the dermis or converted
to the biologically active form. This project aims to develop a stable and effective vitamin C
serum by improving the extraction and quantification methods The stability and skin penetration
of the serum will be evaluard under different storage conditions and application methods. The
findings of this project will contribute to the development of improved vitamin C-based skin care
products with enhanced efficiency and stability.
Key Words vitamin C serum, skin penetration, photo protection and skin care

Introduction
Vitamin C is an important water-soluble substance with great significance in human health, It
also helps in collagen production as well as the synthesis of neurotransmitters, boosting an
immune system against scurvy and as an antioxidant. It was discovered in 1912 and initially
synthesized in 1933 because it is not manufactured by the body itself hence people have to obtain
it from their food. The presence of this particular nutrient in many citrus fruits makes them vital
for overall wellness and numerous metabolic processes, as well as diverse health outcomes.
Ascorbic acid or vitamin C is a powerful anti-oxidant that protects cells from damage due to free
radicals. Furthermore, it promotes growth of tissues, repairs them when needed thus helping
wounds heal faster and skin healthy, bones strong and teeth intact too, Additionally, Vitamin C
enhances absorption of iron found in plant foods which boosts immunity thereby providing
protection against infections caused by bacteria like microorganisms among others. There are
various vegetables containing vitamin c such as garlic or onion which can enable you get your
daily requirement of this essential nutrient .
The chemical structure of vitamin C determines its physical and chemical properties. It is a
weak, water soluble, unstable organic acid which can be simply oxidized or demolished by light,
aerobic situations (oxygen), high temperatures, alkali, copper, and heavy metals. Vitamins are
organic substances that preserve metabolic functioning and are extremely sensitive to different
physical and chemical agents. From the study of the chemical structure of vitamin C , we can
determine some of its physicochemical properties, which is a weak organic acid, water-soluble
and easily degraded by changes in temperature, experience to sunlight, and oxygen .

Figure 1: Structure of ascorbic acid

Apparatus used:
 Beaker
 Measuring cylinder
 Stirrer
 Glass container for storing the serum
Chemical required:
1. Orange peel extract – 10 ml
2. Vitamin E oil – 3ml
3. Glycerol (Glycerine)-10 ml
4. Ascorbic acid 0.03g
5. Aloe Vera gel -5ml
6. Orange essential oil – 3ml
7. Rose water 10ml
Synthesis of Vitamin C Serum:
 Preparation of serum.
 Take 10 ml orange peel extract.
 Add orange peel extract in rose water of equal quantity.
 Add glycerine to above solution and mix well.
 Take aloe vera jel and add the content of Vitamin E oil and orange essential oil.
 Add 0.03g of ascorbic acid in above mixture .
  Stirr this solution with stirrer and the keep it in a cool and dark place.

Figure 2: Vitamin C Serum

Benefits of Vitamin C Serum:
Numerous benefits will be gotten by using orange peel serum on the skin, thanks to its being
enriched with vitamin c and antioxidants. Key Advantages include:
 Skin brightening: Orange peel serum helps in reducing dark spots and blemishes hence
promoting a radiant comp seelexion
 Anti Aging: Orange peels are rich in antioxidants which combat free radicals, which aids
in reducing wrinkles and sagging skin.
 Peeling: For clearer skin, orange peel serum gently exfoliates the dead cells of the skin
and unclogs pores
 Acne Control: Dried up zit with citric acid from oranges and it also regulates sebum
production to prevent acne breakouts. Stimulation of Collagen Production: It is
responsible for stimulating collagen synthesis in the body leading to improvement of the
skin structure as well as removal of fine lines.

Conclusion
Vitamin C serum is prepared.
 Organic Soap
Vitamin C Soap
Abstract
Vitamin C soap is a skincare product enriched with Kojic acid (Vitamin C), known for its
antioxidant, anti-aging, and skin-brightening properties. It is used topically to promote healthier,
radiant skin by reducing blemishes, pigmentation, and signs of aging. This soap formulation
combines the cleansing properties of traditional soap with the skin-enhancing benefits of Vitamin
C.

Introduction
Vitamin C, a water-soluble antioxidant, is essential for collagen production and skin repair.
Vitamin C soap is formulated to deliver these benefits directly to the skin during daily cleansing.
It is gaining popularity due to its dual action-cleaning the skin while improving complexion and
texture.
Apparatus required
 Beakers
 Measuring cylinder
 Stirrer
 Soap mold
 Burner
Chemical required
 Orange extract 20 ml
 Almond oil 8 ml
 Vitamin E oil 3 ml
 Glycerin 8 ml
 Kojic Acid 7 gram
Synthesis of Vitamin C Soap:

 Take a beaker put the Soap base within the beaker and melt it by using double boiler
method or technique.
 Take an other beaker and put the 20 ml orange peel extract in the beaker ,and add 8 ml
almond oil in the same beaker. Then put the Vitamin E oil 3 ml , and glycerine 8ml and
Kojic acid 7 g in the same beaker.
 A mixture of all these ingredients are prepared well.
 These mixture is put in the melted soap base (liquid soap base) .
  Mix them well all these [Link] pour down it on the soap mold to settle down.
 After some time, a soap is prepared in their specific shape ( hard form) .

Figure 3: Vitamin C Soap

Key Features:
Gentle Cleansing:
Vitamin C soap is designed to be gentle on the skin, effectively removing dirt and impurities
without being harsh.
Brightening and Anti-aging:
Vitamin C is known for its ability to brighten the skin and reduce the appearance of dark spots
and wrinkles.
Moisturizing:
Some vitamin C soaps incorporate ingredients like shea butter or coconut oil to provide
hydration and leave the skin feeling soft and smooth.
Antioxidant Protection:
Vitamin C protects the skin from oxidative damage caused by free radicals and environmental
factors.
Collagen Production:
Vitamin C stimulates collagen production, which helps maintain skin elasticity and firmness.
Skin Tone and Texture:
Vitamin C can help even out skin tone and improve skin texture, making it appear more radiant
and healthy.
Suitability for Sensitive Skin:
Some vitamin C soaps are formulated to be gentle enough for sensitive skin types.
Uses
 Daily facial and body cleansing.
 Treatment for acne and oily skin.
 Lightening dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tone.
 Supporting anti-aging routines by reducing wrinkles and fine lines.
 Enhancing skin brightness and clarity.
Result
A Vitamin C Soap is prepared.

Acne Neem Soap

Abstract:
Neem cleanser gives delicate however intensive cleansing, expelling earth, oil, and Impurities
from the skin without stripping absent its normal dampness. This makes it appropriate for people
with delicate or fragile skin, as it cleanses without causing intemperate dryness or bothering. A
soap designed for acne treatment aims to help prevent and reduce acne by addressing the
underlying causes, such as excess oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria.

Introduction:
Neem cleanser gives delicate however intensive cleansing, expelling earth, oil, and Impurities
from the skin without stripping absent its normal dampness. This makes it appropriate for people.
With delicate or fragile skin, as it cleanses without causing intemperate dryness or bothering.
Apparatus required:
 Beakers
 Stirrer
 Soap mold
 Measuring cylinder
 Burner
Chemical required:
 Neem extract 15 ml
 Cucumber extract 12ml.
 Alovera gel 8 ml
 Glycerin 10ml
 Coconut oil 8ml
 Tea tree oil 2 ml
 Zinc oxide 7 gram
Synthesis of Neem Acne Soap:
 Melt 350gm soap base in a beaker through double boiler method.
 After melting we add neem extract 15ml and cucumber extract 12 ml to the beaker
containing melted soap base.
 Now in a separate beaker we add alovera gel 8ml,glycerin 10ml, coconut oil 8ml, tea tree
oil 2ml , and at the end we add 7 gram zinc oxide.
 Add this solution to soap base mixture and stir.
 Now transfer it to a soap mold to settle.

Figure 4: Organic Neem Acne Soap

Key features and benefits:
Cleansing and removing impurities:
Acne soaps effectively cleanse the skin, removing dirt, oil, and makeup that can clog pores and
contribute to acne.
Exfoliating and removing dead skin cells:
Acne soaps contain exfoliants like neem, which gently sloughs off dead skin cells that can also
clog pores.
Reducing bacteria:
Acne soaps with ingredients like neem,cucumber, zinc oxide or tea tree oil can help reduce the
number of bacteria on the skin, which can exacerbate acne.
Results: Acne soap is ready.
Organic Hair Oil
Introduction
Organic hair oils are a natural and healthy alternative to chemically-laden hair products, offering
numerous benefits for hair and scalp health. These oils are extracted from plants, fruits, or seeds
without using synthetic chemicals, pesticides, or additives, preserving their natural purity and
nutrient content. They are rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and fatty acids that nourish the hair and
scalp, promoting healthier and stronger hair.

Apparatus used
 Beaker
 Stirrer
 Burner
Chemicals required
 1L pure mustard oil
 1 onion medium size
 20 g black cumin seeds
 25 g cloves
 20 g fenugreek seeds
 10 g rosemary leaves
 Fresh Aloe Vera gel

Procedure:
 Firstly we take 1 litre pure mustard oil.
 And Then take 1 Onion in medium size, peeling the onion & cut into four pieces, add
this pieces into oil.
 Then we take 20 g black cumin seeds and add into oil.
 Take 20 g Fenugreek Seeds as the same weight of black cumin seeds and add into oil.
 Then take 25 g Cloves and add into oil.
 Then we take Fresh Alovera gel and add into oil.
 After adding this all ingredients boiled the oil in low flame for 1 hour.
 After boiling cool it at room temperature for 5 to 6 hours approximately.
 After cooling filter this oil in Plastic Bottle and store for long time.
 Figure 5: Organic Hair Oil
Uses
 Promoting hair growth
 Strengthening follicles
 Reducing breakage
 Enhancing shine.
Result
A hair oil is ready .