4.
11 Design of Circular Rafter- CR2
Required /
Provided /
[Link] Description Design Remarks Margin %
Capacity
loads
1 Steel girder section is classified as Plastic OK
2 ULS Tension Capacity (T) 171.69 28.16 OK 83.60
3 ULS Compression Capacity (T) 110.32 19.71 OK 82.13
4 ULS Shear Capacity (kN) 318.43 73.80 OK 76.82
5 ULS Moment Capacity - Major axis (kN-m) 98.71 69.30 OK 29.79
6 ULS Moment Capacity - Minor axis (kN-m) 78.98 27.70 OK 64.93
7 ULS-Combined Axial Force and Bending Moment(check-1) 1.00 0.74 OK 26.33
8 ULS-Combined Axial Force and Bending Moment(check-2) 1.00 0.76 OK 24.43
Design forces : Ultimate limit state
Member FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
(units) (T) (T) (T) (T-m) (T-m) (T-m)
Max. Comp. Case-1 CR2 19.71 0.14 0.05 0.1 0.34 0.18
Max. Tens Case-2 CR2 28.16 0.05 1.43 0.12 2.24 0.07
Max. FY Case-3 CR2 2.83 2.2 1.86 0.12 0.09 2.77
Max FZ Case-4 CR2 17.19 0.25 7.38 0.27 5.67 0
Max. MX Case-5 CR2 9.13 0.69 1.39 1.3 1.75 0.85
Max. MY Case-6 CR2 5.94 0.16 6.1 0.43 6.93 0
Max. MZ Case-7 CR2 2.83 2.2 1.86 0.12 0.09 2.77
Material Properties
Yield strength fy = 355 Mpa e = 0.84
Ultimate strength fu = 490 Mpa
Sectional Properties
Y 1
2 2
Z Z
Y 1
Section: 172x92x5.4 RHS 2 nos.
b d
Over all box dimension 92 172 d/tw 29.85 < 84ɛ
1 Plate 81.2 5.4 b/tf 15.04 < 29.3ɛ
2 Plate 5.4 172
* All dimensions are in millimeters
# b and d dimensions are measured along horizontal and vertical directions respectively.
2
Area of the section = 5320 mm
2
= 0.00532 m
4
Moment of Inertia IZ-Z = 20249400 mm
4
(Z-Z axis bending) = 0.00002 m
4
Moment of Inertia IY-Y = 18891920 mm
4
(Y-Y axis bending) = 0.00002 m
Elastic Sectional Properties (about Z-Z axis)
3
Section modulus with comp fibre = 235458.1 mm
Plastic Sectional Properties (about Z-Z axis)
3
Section modulus with comp fibre = 305855.1 mm
Elastic Sectional Properties (about Y-Y axis)
3
Section modulus with comp fibre = 205347 mm
Plastic Sectional Properties (about Y-Y axis)
3
Section modulus with comp fibre = 244720 mm
Classification of cross-sections
Compression flange b/tf = 15.04 Plastic
Web of box section d/tw = 31.85 Plastic
The Section is classified as Plastic
Tension Capacity
1) Tensile strength due to yielding
Tdg = Ag x fy gm0 = 1.10
gm0 gm1 = 1.25
Tdg = 171.69 MT
Tension Capacity (MT) Td = 171.69 > 28.16 MT Safe
Compression capacity as per Cl 507.1.2 of IRC:24-2010
Pd = Ae x fcd fcd = cLT fy/gm0
Effective length in Z-Z axis bending (KL) = 0.85 x 5.40 4.59 m
Effective length in Y-Y axis bending (KL) = 0.85 x 5.40 4.59 m
Radius of gyration about Z-Z axis (rz-z) = 0.06 m
Radius of gyration about Y-Y axis (ry-y) = 0.06 m
as per Cl 508.5 of IRC:24-2010
Major axis* KL/rZ-Z = 74.40 < 180 Ok
Major axis* KL/ry-y = 77.02 < 180 Ok
Non-dim slenderness ratio λLT = 1.03
(the imperfection factor) aLT = 0.21 for built-up section
FLT = 1.12 =0.5(1+aLT(λLT-0.2)+λLT2)
Stress reduction factor c = 0.64
as per Table 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d of IRC:24-2010
fcd = 207.36 Mpa
Compression Capacity (MT) Pd = 110.32 > 19.71 MT Safe
Design for shear
The factored design shear force, V, V = 73.8 kN
Material and sectional properties:
fy = 355 Mpa gm0 = 1.10
fu = 490 Mpa gm1 = 1.25
E = 200000 Mpa Web depth = 172 mm
Poissons ratio = 0.3 Web thickness = 5.4 mm
2
Shear area = 928.8 mm
as per Cl [Link] of IRC:24-2010
--------> Shear capacity with Intermediate stiffners
Stiffener spacing (c) = 1500 mm
Nominal Plastic shear resistance under pure shear:
Vp = Av x fyw as per Cl 509.4.1 of IRC:24-2010
√3
2
Av = 854.496 mm Av = Shear area
2
fyw = 355 N/mm fyw = Yield strength of web
Vp = 175.1 kN
Effective net area check:
[Link] bolts in a column = 1 Avn = 791.1
Dia of bolt hole = 25.5 mm = (fy/fu) x (gm1/gm0) x Av / 0.9
2
= 781.66 mm Ok
Resistance to shear buckling as per Cl 509.4.2 of IRC:24-2010
Resistance to Shear buckling shall be verified as specified when
d/tw > 67 e
for a web without stiffeners
d/tw > 67 x e x sqrt(Kv/5.35)
for a web with stiffeners
Kv = Shear buckling co-efficient
= 5.40 as per Cl [Link] of IRC:24-2010
e = √250/fy = 0.84
d/tw = 31.85185185
d/tw < 67 x ɛ x sqrt(Kv/5.35)
Resistance to shear buckling need not be checked
Shear Buckling design methods as per Cl [Link] of IRC:24-2010
a) Simple post critical method
Vcr = Av x tb
tb = Shear stress corresponding to web buckling
(i) When lw < = 0.8 tb = fyw/√3
(ii) When 0.8 < lw < 1.2 tb = [1-0.8(λw-0.8)] fyw/√3
(iii) When lw > = 1.2 tb = fyw/(√3 λw2)
lw =non-dimensional web slenderness ratio for shear buckling stress
= √[fyw/(√(3tcr,e))]
tcr,e = The elastic critical shear stress of the web
= Kv x E x ∏2 = 962.59
12 (1-m2) (d/tw)2
lw = 2.57 tb = fyw/(√3 λw2)
= 79.74
2
Av = 854.496 mm
Vcr = 68.14 kN
Shear capacity of the web Vn = 159.2 kN
gm0
No. of such webs = 2
Shear capacity of the section = 318.4 > 73.8 Safe
V < 0.6 x Vd
No reduction in moment capacity is necessary. as per Cl [Link] of IRC:24-2010
Moment Capacity (Z-Z axis-bending) - Closed box section - laterally supported as per Cl [Link] of IRC:24-2010
Md X-X = b b x Zp x fy bb 1.0 for plastic and compact sections
gm0 bb Ze/Zp for semi-compact sections= 0.770
The Section is classified as Plastic Ze , Zp Plastic & elastic section moduli
Moment Capacity (Z-Z axis-bending)
Md = 98.71 kN-m =[305855.14x355/1.1/1000000]
> 69.3 kN-m Ok
Moment Capacity (Y-Y axis-bending) - Closed box section - laterally supported as per Cl [Link] of IRC:24-2010
Md Y-Y = b b x Zp x fy bb 1.0 for plastic and compact sections
gm0 bb Ze / Zp for semi-compact sections
The Section is classified as Plastic Ze , Zp Plastic & elastic section moduli
Moment Capacity (Y-Y axis-bending)
Md = 78.98 kN-m =[244720x355/1.1/1000000]
> 27.7 kN-m Ok
Ultimate Limit State - Combined Axial Force and Bending Moment as per Cl 510.3 of IRC:24-2010
Plastic and Compact Sections
My , Mz Factored applied moments about respective axis;
Mdy, Mdz Design strength under corresponding moment acting alone;
N Factored applied axial force (Tension or Compression);
Nd Design strength in tension or in compression due to yielding;
Mndy, Mndz Design reduced flexural strength under combined loads;
a1, a2 Constants as given in Table 14 of IRC:24-2010
n N/Nd
For rectangular tubes: a1, a2 = 1.66 <= 6
(1-1.13n2)
N Nd n a1, a2 aw af Mdz Mdy
kN kN kN-m kN-m
Case-1 197.1 1716.9 0.11 1.69 0.50 0.50 98.71 78.98
Case-2 281.6 1716.9 0.16 1.69 0.50 0.50 98.71 78.98
Case-3 28.3 1716.9 0.02 1.69 0.50 0.50 98.71 78.98
Case-4 171.9 1716.9 0.10 1.69 0.50 0.50 98.71 78.98
Case-5 91.3 1716.9 0.05 1.69 0.50 0.50 98.71 78.98
Case-6 59.4 1716.9 0.03 1.69 0.50 0.50 98.71 78.98
Case-7 28.3 1716.9 0.02 1.69 0.50 0.50 98.71 78.98
Mz My Mndz Mndy SUM Check
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Case-1 3.40 1.80 98.7 79.0 0.005 <1; Safe
Case-2 22.40 0.70 98.7 79.0 0.083 <1; Safe
Case-3 0.90 27.70 98.7 79.0 0.171 <1; Safe
Case-4 56.70 0.00 98.7 79.0 0.393 <1; Safe
Case-5 17.50 8.50 98.7 79.0 0.078 <1; Safe
Case-6 69.30 0.00 98.7 79.0 0.551 <1; Safe
Case-7 0.90 27.70 98.7 79.0 0.171 <1; Safe
N Mz My Nd Mdz Mdy SUM Check
kN kN-m kN-m kN kN-m kN-m
Case-1 197.1 3.4 1.8 1716.9 98.7 79.0 0.17 <1; Safe
Case-2 281.6 22.4 0.7 1716.9 98.7 79.0 0.40 <1; Safe
Case-3 28.3 0.9 27.7 1716.9 98.7 79.0 0.38 <1; Safe
Case-4 171.9 56.7 0.0 1716.9 98.7 79.0 0.67 <1; Safe
Case-5 91.3 17.5 8.5 1716.9 98.7 79.0 0.34 <1; Safe
Case-6 59.4 69.3 0.0 1716.9 98.7 79.0 0.74 <1; Safe
Case-7 28.3 0.9 27.7 1716.9 98.7 79.0 0.38 <1; Safe
Ultimate Limit State - Bending and axial Compression
as per Cl [Link] of IRC:24-2010
My , Mz Factored applied moments about both the axis;
Pdy, Pdz Design strength under axial compression as governed by buckling;
Mdy, Mdz Design strength under corresponding moment acting alone;
ny, nz ratio of actual load to design strength about both axis;
CmLT equivalent uniform moment factor for lateral torsional buckling;
Cmy, Cmz equivalent uniform moment factor
ky = 1 + (ly-0.2) x ny <= 1 +0.8 x ny
kz = 1 + (lz-0.2) x nz <= 1 +0.8 x nz
kLT = 1 -(0.1lLTny)/(CmLT-0.25) >= 1 -(0.1ny)/(CmLT-0.25)
lz = SQRT(fy (KL/r)2/∏2E) = 1.00
ly = SQRT(fy (KL/r)2/∏2E) = 1.00
CmLT = 0.9 Cmy = 0.9 Cmz = 0.9
lLT = 0.04
P Pd ny, nz ky kz kLT
kN kN
Case-1 197.1 1103.2 0.179 1.143 1.143 0.999
Case-2 281.6 1103.2 0.255 1.204 1.204 0.998
Case-3 28.3 1103.2 0.026 1.020 1.020 1.000
Case-4 171.9 1103.2 0.156 1.124 1.124 0.999
Case-5 91.3 1103.2 0.083 1.066 1.066 0.999
Case-6 59.4 1103.2 0.054 1.043 1.043 1.000
Case-7 28.3 1103.2 0.026 1.020 1.020 1.000
as per Cl [Link] of IRC:24-2010
P Mz My Pd Mdz Mdy SUM Check
kN kN-m kN-m kN kN-m kN-m
Case-1 197.1 3.4 1.8 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.24 <1; Safe
Case-2 281.6 22.4 0.7 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.49 <1; Safe
Case-3 28.3 0.9 27.7 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.36 <1; Safe
Case-4 171.9 56.7 0.0 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.73 <1; Safe
Case-5 91.3 17.5 8.5 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.36 <1; Safe
Case-6 59.4 69.3 0.0 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.76 <1; Safe
Case-7 28.3 0.9 27.7 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.36 <1; Safe
as per Cl [Link] of IRC:24-2010
P Mz My Pd Mdz Mdy SUM Check
kN kN-m kN-m kN kN-m kN-m
Case-1 197.1 3.4 1.8 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.23 <1; Safe
Case-2 281.6 22.4 0.7 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.51 <1; Safe
Case-3 28.3 0.9 27.7 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.23 <1; Safe
Case-4 171.9 56.7 0.0 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.74 <1; Safe
Case-5 91.3 17.5 8.5 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.31 <1; Safe
Case-6 59.4 69.3 0.0 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.71 <1; Safe
Case-7 28.3 0.9 27.7 1103.2 98.7 79.0 0.23 <1; Safe
Connection between CR and Longitudinal Beam
fyw 250 N/mm2 fuw 410 N/mm2
Weld size, s 6 mm
Weld type Field Fabrication
γmw 1.50
Permissible stress in weld, fwd = (fu / √3) / γmw
= 410 / (sqrt(3) × 1.5)
2
157.81 N/mm
Axial force on the connection 281.60 kN
Bending moment at the connection 69.3 kN
Shear force at the connection 73.8 kN
Lever arm at the joint 0.468 m
No. of circular rafters 2 no.s
Additional axial force due to BM 74.04 kN
Axial force at each joint 70.4 kN
Total axial force at each joint 144.44 kN
Shear force at each joint 18.45 kN
Weld on each rafter:
Width of weld, b 92 mm
Depth of weld, d 172 mm Note: Weld loss on one side compensated
by butt weld.
Shear stress due to SF, q 12.64 N/mm2
Stress due to axial load, fa 64.49 N/mm2
Sum of q and fa 77.13 N/mm2 Combination of stress check not required
Combination of stress 68.10 N/mm2
Safe