Social Welfare Program, Policy and Services

REVIEW NOTES

Feb, 2021 LESW

Social Welfare

-Is the organized system of social services and institutions, designed to aid individuals and groups to attain a satisfying
standard of life and health… The types and amount of welfare available to individuals and families vary depending on
the country, state or region.

Social welfare policy

is defined as acts, laws and rules that help to improve the lives of people in the community. An example of a social
welfare policy is one that ensures better healthcare for all.

Model of Social Welfare

1. Residual
-attends primary to emergency and use of quality and quantity measures where necessary to human development

Social work becomes "residual" when its nature is reactive or gap-filling. This approach deals with needs as they come; it
attends to visible needs that can't be addressed by other societal means. As a prerequisite, this system first ensures that
all other efforts and measures have been depleted -- support from family, market economy and religious institutions --
before assistance measures are given. It is short-term in that it is withdrawn when the person in need of aid becomes
capable of independence from the system.

Residual welfare is essentially seen as being in place purely for the poorer in society, providing a safety net for those
otherwise unable to cope financially.

Motto of Residual : People need to learn to live on their own

Residual view approach to social welfare

Social welfare should be a limited, temporary response to basic human needs when all else fails and
families cannot [Link] should play a limited role in the distribution of social welfare.

What political view is Residual view

Conservative view

Target of residual social welfare

marginalized people

2. Institutional
- a system of programs, benefits and services that help people meet those social, economic, education and health needs
that are fundamental to the maintenance of the society.

Institutional social work takes the approach that everyone deserves to be supported by the community and the
government, even without an obvious and direct request for help, so each person can become self-sufficient. It’s also
preventive in nature, because it anticipates problems that may arise and resolves them as early as possible. For example,
if one of the main social problems in a community is lack of education, social workers focus on giving free education to
everyone, regardless of their personal circumstance.

Institutional welfare practice takes the approach that needs are a part of everyday life, and that welfare should be
provided as a public service much in the same way as law enforcement, schooling and infrastructure.

Motto: People cannot live without the help of the government

Institutional view approach to social welfare

Government is to help people attain a reasonable standard of life and health. People cannot always meet all
their needs.

Institutional view in helping people

By means of publicly funded programs and institutions such as free education and social assistance.

Structural Approach to social welfare

Seeing social problems and inequalities as a constituent/built in feature of society. Need to address the root of
the problem.

Social Services
- a service provided by local or national government or another organization to help people who are old or ill or need
support in their lives.

-Provide personal or community services to help people improve their well-being.

Examples: child care, women shelters, counseling.

Social Welfare

Social work and provisions of social services are part of a range of activities that fall generally under the term social
welfare, includes social work

Programs and Services of DSWD

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program or "4Ps" (conditional cash transfer) is a human development program that
invests in the health and education of poor families, primarily those with children aged 0–18.

Kalahi CIDSS – NCDDP

The Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan – Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services – National
Community-Driven Development Program (Kalahi CIDSS–NCDDP) is the community-driven development program of
the Philippine Government implemented through the Department of Social Welfare and Development.

Sustainable Livelihood Program

The Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP) is a community-based capacity building effort that seeks to improve the
program participants’ socio-economic status through two tracks: Micro-enterprise Development and Employment
Facilitation.
 Listahanan
An information management system that identifies who and where the poor are in the country. It is being operated
by the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR).

Supplemental Feeding Program

Provision of food in addition to the regular meals, to target children as part of the DSWD's ECCD program of the
government.

Disaster Response Operations

Life-saving emergency relief and long-term response.

Protective Services Program

Provides a range of interventions to individuals, families, and communities in crisis or difficult situations and
vulnerable or disaster-affected communities.

ISWSFN
International Social Welfare Services for Filipino Nationals is a program for migrant Filipinos and other overseas
Filipino nationals who are in crisis situation and in need of special protection are encouraged to seek assistance in the
Philippine Embassies in their countries of destination.

Residential and Non-Residential Facilities

Services rendered in facilities 24-hour that provide alternative family care arrangement to poor, vulnerable and
disadvantaged individuals or families in crisis.

Adoption and Foster Care

The act of adoption, of permanently placing a minor with a parent or parents other than the birth parents in the
Philippines.

Gender and Development

Gender is about relations—between men and women, women and women, also between men and men and boys
and girls. The GAD as perspective recognizes that gender concerns cut across all areas of development and therefore
gender must influence government when it plans, budget for, implements, monitors and evaluates policies, programs
and projects for development.

Problem
-arises from some needs or obstacle or accumulation of frustration or maladjustment which threatens the adequacy of
the person’s living situation or effectiveness

Issue
- is an important subject that people are arguing about or discussing

Need
- necessity which means a pressing lack of something essentials or necessary either materials needs or non-materials.
Social Policy
- the activities and principles of the society that guide the way it intervenes in and regulate relationships between
individuals, groups, communities and social institution

Ordinance

A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action; a law or statute.

Effective date of ordinance. No ordinance other than an emergency ordinance shall be effective until 30 days after
second and final adoption. The ordinance may provide for a delayed effective date or may provide for the ordinance to
become effective upon the fulfillment of an indicated contingency.

Resolution

A formal expression of the opinion or will of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote; as a legislative
resolution. Such may be either a simple, joint or concurrent resolution.

Effective date of resolution

All resolutions shall be immediately effective unless a delayed effective date is specified

IMPORTANT LAWS

1. Selected Social Policies, Programs & Services on Poverty Reduction and Other Special Concerns
RA 11310 "Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Act".

An Act Institutionalizing the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)

Section 4. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps). -The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is the
national poverty reduction strategy and a human capital investment program that provides conditional cash transfer to
poor households for a maximum period of seven (7) years, to improve the health, nutrition and education aspect of their
lives. The National Advisory Council (NAC) may recommend a longer period under exceptional circumstances.

Section 5. Selection of Qualified Household-Beneficiaries. -On a nationwide basis, the DSWD shall select qualified
household-beneficiaries of the 4Ps using a standardized targeting system. It shall conduct a regular revalidation of
beneficiary targeting every three (3) years. National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR).

Section 6. Eligible Beneficiaries. -Farmers, fisherfolks, homeless families, indigenous peoples, those in the informal
settler sector and those in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas including those in areas without electricity
shall be automatically included in the standardized targeting system to be conducted by the DSWD: Provided, That to be
eligible for the cash grants, households or families must meet the following criteria:

(a) Classified as poor and near-poor based on the Standardized Targeting System and the poverty threshold issued by
the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) at the time of selection;

(b) Have members who are aged zero (0) to eighteen (18) years old or have members who are pregnant at the time of
registration; and
(c) Willing to comply with the conditions specified by this Act.

REPUBLIC ACT No. 10931 "Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act".

An act promoting universal access to quality tertiary education by providing for free tuition and other school fees in
state universities and colleges, local universities and colleges and state-run technical-vocational institutions, establishing
the tertiary education subsidy and student loan program, strengthening the unified student financial assistance system
for tertiary education, and appropriating fund therefor

Section 4. Free Higher Education in State Universities and Colleges (SUCs )and Local Universities and Colleges (
LUCs ).
Section 5. Free Technical-Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Post-Secondary Technical-Vocational
Institutions (TVIs).

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere

Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

Goal 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent
work for all

Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries

Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*

Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and
build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development
Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act (RA 8425)

An act institutionalizing the social reform and poverty alleviation program, creating for the purpose the national anti-
poverty commission, defining its powers and functions, and for other purposes.

(1) Adopt an area-based, sectoral and focused intervention to poverty alleviation wherein every poor Filipino family
shall be empowered to meet its minimum basic needs of health, food and nutrition, water and environmental sanitation,
income security, shelter and decent housing, peace and order, education and functional literacy, participation in
governance, and family care and psycho-social integrity;

Local Government Code (RA 7160)

This Act shall be known and cited as the “Local Government Code of 1991”.
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. – (a) It is hereby declared the policy of the State that the territorial and political
subdivisions of the State shall enjoy genuine and meaningful local autonomy to enable them to attain their fullest
development as self-reliant communities and make them more effective partners in the attainment of national goals.
Toward this end, the State shall provide for a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted
through a system of decentralization whereby local government units shall be given more powers, authority,
responsibilities, and resources. The process of decentralization shall proceed from the National Government to the local
government units.

R.A. 10364 also known as the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act. Amending section 2 of RA 9208

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is hereby declared that the State values the dignity of every human person and
guarantees the respect of individual rights. In pursuit of this policy, the State shall give highest priority to the enactment
of measures and development of programs that will promote human dignity, protect the people from any threat of
violence and exploitation, eliminate trafficking in persons, and mitigate pressures for involuntary migration and
servitude of persons, not only to support trafficked persons but more importantly, to ensure their recovery,
rehabilitation and reintegration into the mainstream of society.

It shall be a State policy to recognize the equal rights and inherent human dignity of women and men as enshrined in
the United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights, United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, United
Nations Convention on the Protection of Migrant Workers and their Families. United Nations Convention Against
Transnational Organized Crime Including its Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially
Women and Children and all other relevant and universally accepted human rights instruments and other international
conventions to which the Philippines is a signatory.

Qualified Trafficking in Persons

• When the trafficked person is a child or below 18 years old;

• When the adoption is effected through Republic Act No. 8043, otherwise known as the “Inter-Country Adoption Act of
1995” and said adoption is for the purpose of prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery,
involuntary servitude or debt bondage;

• When the crime is committed by a syndicate, or in large scale;

• When the offender is a spouse, an ascendant, parent, sibling, guardian or a person who exercises authority over the
trafficked person or when the offense is committed by a public officer or employee;

• When the trafficked person is recruited to engage in prostitution with any member of the military or law enforcement
agencies;
• When the offender is a member of the military or law enforcement agencies;

• When by reason or on occasion of the act of trafficking in persons, the offended party dies, becomes insane, suffers
mutilation or is afflicted with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS);

• When the offender commits one or more violations over a period of sixty (60) or more days, whether those days are
continuous or not; and When the offender directs or through another manages the trafficking victim in carrying out the
exploitative purpose of trafficking.

Republic Act No. 9208 Also known as the "Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003." Section 4. Acts of
Trafficking in Persons. – It shall be unlawful for any person, natural or juridical, to commit any of the
following acts:

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is hereby declared that the State values the dignity of every human person
and guarantees the respect of individual rights. In pursuit of this policy, the State shall give highest priority to
the enactment of measures and development of programs that will promote human dignity, protect the people
from any threat of violence and exploitation, eliminate trafficking in persons, and mitigate pressures for
involuntary migration and servitude of persons, not only to support trafficked persons but more importantly, to
ensure their recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration into the mainstream of society.
It shall be a State policy to recognize the equal rights and inherent human dignity of women and men as
enshrined in the United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights, United Nations Convention on the
Rights of the Child, United Nations Convention on the Protection of Migrant Workers and their Families.
United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime Including its Protocol to Prevent, Suppress
and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children and all other relevant and universally
accepted human rights instruments and other international conventions to which the Philippines is a signatory.

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act -RA 9165

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is the policy of the State to safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being
of its citizenry particularly the youth, from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-
being, and to defend the same against acts or omissions detrimental to their development and preservation. In view of
the foregoing, the State needs to enhance further the efficacy of the law against dangerous drugs, it being one of today's
more serious social ills.

Deliver – Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or otherwise, and by any means, with or
without consideration.

Dispense – Any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any dangerous drug with or without the use of
prescription.

Drug Dependence – As based on the World Health Organization definition, it is a cluster of physiological, behavioral and
cognitive phenomena of variable intensity, in which the use of psychoactive drug takes on a high priority thereby
involving, among others, a strong desire or a sense of compulsion to take the substance and the difficulties in controlling
substance-taking behavior in terms of its onset, termination, or levels of use.

Financier – Any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, or underwrites any of the illegal activities prescribed
under this Act.

Protector/Coddler – Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided for in this Act and
uses his/her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of any person
he/she knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated the provisions of this Act in order to
prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction of the violator.

R.A. 11223 Universal Health Care Act

An act instituting universal health care for all filipinos, prescribing reforms in the health care system, and appropriating
funds therefor

Section 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Universal Health Care Act".

Section 2. Declaration of Principles and Policies. - It is the policy of the State to protect and promote the right to health
of all Filipinos and instill health consciousness among them. Towards this end, the State shall adopt:

(a) An integrated and comprehensive approach to ensure that all Filipinos are health literate, provided with healthy
living conditions, and protected from hazards and risks that could affect their health;

(b) A health care model that provides all Filipinos access to a comprehensive set of quality and cost-effective, promotive,
preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services without causing financial hardship,, and prioritizes the
needs of the population who cannot afford such services;

(c) A framework that fosters a whole-of-system, whole-of-government, and whole-of-society approach in the
development, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of health policies, programs and plans; and

(d) A people-oriented approach for the delivery of health services that is centered on people’s needs and well-being, and
cognizant of the differences in culture, values, and beliefs.
RA 11036 MENTAL HEALTH ACT
An Act Establishing a National Mental Health Policy for the Purpose of Enhancing the Delivery of Integrated Mental
Health Services, Promoting and Protecting the Rights of Persons Utilizing Psychosocial Health Services, Appropriating
Funds Therefor and Other Purposes

The state affirms the basic right of all Filipinos to mental health as well as the fundamental rights of people who require
mental health services.

The state commits itself to promoting the well-being of people by ensuring that; mental health is valued, promoted and
protected; mental health conditions are treated and prevented; timely, affordable, high quality, and culturally-
appropriate mental health case is made available to the public; mental health service are free from coercion and
accountable to the service users; and persons affected by mental health conditions are able to exercise the full range of
human rights, and participate fully in society and at work free from stigmatization and discrimination.

The State shall comply strictly with its obligations under the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, the
Convention on the rights of Persons with Disabilities, and all other relevant international and regional human rights
conventions and declarations. The applicability of Republic act No. 7277, as amended, otherwise known as the "Magna
Carta for Disabled Persons", to person with mental health conditions, as defined herein, is expressly recognized.

2. Selected Social Policies, Programs & Services on Women

Anti-Rape Act of 1997 (RA 8353)

An act expanding the definition of the crime of rape, reclassifying the same as a crime against persons, amending for
the purpose act no. 3815, as amended, otherwise known as the revised penal code, and for the purposes"

Difference between acts of lasciviousness and rape

Acts of Lasciviousness is classified as a crime against chastity under Title Eleven of the Revised Penal Code . On the other
hand, Rape, by virtue of Republic Act (R.A.) No. 8353 otherwise known as the Anti-Rape Law of 1997, is classified as a
crime against persons. crime of Rape, it must be shown that it was committed: (1) By a man who shall have carnal
knowledge of a woman under any of the following circumstances: a) Through force, threat, or intimidation; b) When the
offended party is deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious; c) By means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse of
authority; and d) When the offended party is under twelve (12) years of age or is demented, even though none of the
circumstances mentioned above be present; or (2) By any person who, under any of the circumstances mentioned in
paragraph 1 hereof, shall commit an act of sexual assault by inserting his penis into another person’s mouth or anal
orifice, or any instrument or object, into the genital or anal orifice of another person (Article 266-A, Revised Penal Code
(RPC) as amended).

In contrast, the elements of the crime of Acts of Lasciviousness are: (1) the offender commits any act of lasciviousness or
lewdness against the offended party who is another person of either sex; (2) that it is done: (a) by using force or
intimidation; (b) by deprivation of reason or consciousness; or (c) when the offended party is under 12 years of age,
even though neither of the circumstances mentioned in the two next preceding paragraphs shall be present (Article 336,
RPC).

Four Lewd Conduct Examples

1. Prostitution: Prostitution is often considered an act of lewd behavior. Prostitution is commonly defined as a sexual act
that is offered, performed or accepted in exchange for money or other goods. Generally, prostitution is a misdemeanor
offense for both the prostitute and the “client.”

2. Indecent Exposure: Indecent exposure is a form of lewd conduct. Indecent exposure ranges from something as minor
as sunbathing naked or urinating in public to a more severe act. While the first act of indecent exposure is only a
misdemeanor, any subsequent charges will be considered felonies. An indecent exposure felony can be punishable by up
to eight years in prison.
3. Child Pornography: Possessing and/or distributing child pornography is considered a lewd act. Consequences include
mandatory sex offender registration and imprisonment among other severe repercussions.

4. Child Molestation: Child molestation is a serious crime that is often considered an act of lewd behavior. Child
molestation is defined as sexually abusing a child under the age of 18. This act is considered a criminal offense and
carries harsh penalties including extensive jail time, a lifetime requirement to register as a child sexual offender, a
tarnished reputation and more.

Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (RA 7877)

An act declaring sexual harassment unlawful in the employment, education or training environment, and for other
purposes.

SECTION 3. Work, Education or Training -Related, Sexual Harassment Defined. - Work, education or training-related
sexual harassment is committed by an employer, employee, manager, supervisor, agent of the employer, teacher,
instructor, professor, coach, trainor, or any other person who, having authority, influence or moral ascendancy over
another in a work or training or education environment, demands, requests or otherwise requires any sexual favor from
the other, regardless of whether the demand, request or requirement for submission is accepted by the object of said
Act.

Definition of Sexual Harassment

Sexual harassment is defined as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or
physical conduct of a sexual nature when either:

● The conduct is made as a term or condition of an individual's employment, education, living environment or
participation in a University community.
● The acceptance or refusal of such conduct is used as the basis or a factor in decisions affecting an
individual's employment, education, living environment, or participation in a University community.
● The conduct unreasonably impacts an individual's employment or academic performance or creates an
intimidating, hostile or offensive environment for that individual's employment, education, living
environment, or participation in a University community.

RA 9262 “ANTI-VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN ACT OF 2004

RA 9262 is a law that protects the rights of women & their children & also eliminates violence as it’s usually children and
women are likely the victims due to unequal power .relations

What is VAWC?
Violence Against Women and their Children (VAWC) is defined as:

- Any act or a series of acts committed by any person against a woman who is his wife, former wife.

- Against a woman with whom the person has or had a sexual or dating relationship, or with whom he has common
child,

- Against her child whether legitimate or illegitimate,

- within or without the family abode,

- which result in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological harm or suffering, or economic abuse including
threats of such acts battering, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary deprivation of liberty

2. Who are considered CHILDREN?

Anyone below 18 years of age, or older but incapable of taking care themselves, including the biological children of the
victim and other children under her care.

3. What are the FOUR (4) ACTS that constitute VAWC ?

A.) Physical violence – bodily harm or physical harm.

B.) Sexual violence is an act, which is sexual in nature such as rape, sexual harassment.

C.) Psychological violence is an act that causes mental or emotional suffering to the victim such as intimidation stalking,
marital infidelity.

D.) Economic violence is acts that make the woman financially dependent, such as withdrawal on financial support,
destroying household property.

Program & Services on the Family

• The Family Code (EO 209) and Supreme Court Rules on Marriage
MARRIAGE

Chapter 1. Requisites of Marriage

Art. 1. Marriage is a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman entered into in accordance with
law for the establishment of conjugal and family life. It is the foundation of the family and an inviolable social institution
whose nature, consequences, and incidents are governed by law and not subject to stipulation, except that marriage
settlements may fix the property relations during the marriage within the limits provided by this Code. (52a) Chapter 2.
Marriages Exempted from License Requirement

3. Programs & Services on Senior Citizens

Republic Act No. 9994 Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010.

An act granting additional benefits and privileges to senior citizens, further amending republic act no. 7432, as amended,
otherwise known as "An act to maximize the contribution of senior citizens to nation building, grant benefits and special
privileges and for other purposes"
Section 2. Section 1 of Republic Act No. 7432, as amended by Republic Act No. 9257, otherwise known as the "Expanded
Senior Citizens Act of 2003"

Allows senior citizens to enjoy fully the 20-percent discount on consumer goods and services provided under a 2003
legislation known as RA 7342, otherwise known as “An Act to Maximize the Contributions of Senior Citizens to Nation
Building, Grant Benefits and Special Privileges, and for Other Purposes."

The EVAT exemption for the senior citizens, or those who are 60 years old and above, applies to purchases of medicines
and essential medical supplies, accessories and equipment; fees of attending physicians; medical, dental fees and
diagnostic and laboratory fees; fares for buses, jeepneys, taxis, AUVs, shuttle services, public railways, domestic air and
sea transport craft.

The tax privilege also applies to services in hotels, restaurants and similar establishments; admission fees in cinemas,
theaters and other places of culture, leisure and amusement; and funeral and burial services.
Additionally, the bill provides each senior citizen a monthly stipend of P500, subject to the periodic review of Congress in
coordination with the Department of Social Work and Development (DSWD).

In case of death of an indigent senior citizen, the amount of P2,000 will be awarded to his or her nearest kin as benefit
assistance.

A five-percent discount on water and electric bills are also granted, provided that the utilities are in the name of the
senior citizen and that the consumption is below 100 kilowatt-hours of electricity and 30 cubic meters water a month.

The measure also expands the penalties for those who refuse to grant the benefits.

Sec. 6. Section 6 of the same Act, as amended, is heeby further amended to read as follows:

SEC. 6. The Office for Senior Citizens Affairs (OSCA). – There shall be established in all cities and municipalities an OSCA
to be headed by a senior citizen who shall be appointed by the mayor for a term of three (3) years without
reappointment but without prejudice to an extension if exigency so requires. Said appointee shall be chosen from a list
of three (3) nominees as recommended by a general assembly of senior citizens organizations in the city or municipality.

R.A. 9257 Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003.

An act granting additional benefits and privileges to senior citizens amending for the purpose republic act no. 7432,
otherwise known as “an act to maximize the contribution of senior citizens to nation building, grant benefits and special
privileges and for other purposes”

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled.

SECTION. 1. This Act shall be known as the “Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003.”

Republic Act 7432

AN ACT TO MAXIMIZE THE CONTRIBUTION OF SENIOR CITIZENS TO NATION BUILDING, GRANT BENEFITS AND SPECIAL
PRIVILEGES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

4. Programs & Services on Children and Youth

Republic Act No. 9344

An act establishing a comprehensive juvenile justice and welfare system, creating the juvenile justice and welfare council
under the department of justice, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes
SEC. 2. Declaration of State Policy. – The following State policies shall be observed at all times:

(a) The State recognizes the vital role of children and youth in nation building and shall promote and protect their
physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and
encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs.
(b) The State shall protect the best interests of the child through measures that will ensure the observance of
international standards of child protection, especially those to which the Philippines is a party. Proceedings before any
authority shall be conducted in the best interest of the child and in a manner which allows the child to participate and to
express himself/herself freely. The participation of children in the program and policy formulation and implementation
related to juvenile justice and welfare shall be ensured by the concerned government agency.

(c) The State likewise recognizes the right of children to assistance, including proper care and nutrition, and special
protection from all forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty and exploitation, and other conditions prejudicial to their
development.

(d) Pursuant to Article 40 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the State recognizes the right of
every child alleged as, accused of, adjudged, or recognized as having infringed the penal law to be treated in a manner
consistent with the promotion of the child’s sense of dignity and worth, taking into account the child’s age and
desirability of promoting his/her reintegration. Whenever appropriate and desirable, the State shall adopt measures for
dealing with such children without resorting to judicial proceedings, providing that human rights and legal safeguards
are fully respected. It shall ensure that children are dealt with in a manner appropriate to their well-being by providing
for, among others, a variety of disposition measures such as care, guidance and supervision orders, counseling,
probation, foster care, education and vocational training programs and other alternatives to institutional care.

R A 10630
An act strengthening the juvenile justice system in the philippines, amending for the purpose republic act no. 9344,
otherwise known as the “juvenile justice and welfare act of 2006” And appropriating funds therefor

SEC. 2. Section 4 of Republic Act No. 9344 is hereby amended to read as follows:

“SEC. 4. Definition of Terms. – The following terms as used in this Act shall be defined as follows:

“(s) ‘Bahay Pag-asa’ – refers to a 24-hour child-caring institution established, funded and managed by local government
units (LGUs) and licensed and/or accredited nongovernment organizations (NGOs) providing short-term residential care
for children in conflict with the law who are above fifteen (15) but below eighteen (18) years of age who are awaiting
court disposition of their cases or transfer to other agencies or jurisdiction.

“Part of the features of a ‘Bahay Pag-asa’ is an intensive juvenile intervention and support center. This will cater to
children in conflict with the law in accordance with Sections 20, 20-A and 20-B hereof.

“A multi-disciplinary team composed of a social worker, a psychologist/mental health professional, a medical doctor, an
educational/guidance counselor and a Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) member shall operate the
‘Bahay Pag-asa’. The team will work on the individualized intervention plan with the child and the child’s family.

SEC. 3. Section 6 of Republic Act No. 9344 is hereby amended to read as follows:

“SEC. 6. Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility. – A child fifteen (15) years of age or under at the time of the
commission of the offense shall be exempt from criminal liability. However, the child shall be subjected to an
intervention program pursuant to Section 20 of this Act.

“A child is deemed to be fifteen (15) years of age on the day of the fifteenth anniversary of his/her birthdate.

“A child above fifteen (15) years but below eighteen (18) years of age shall likewise be exempt from criminal liability and
be subjected to an intervention program, unless he/she has acted with discernment, in which case, such child shall be
subjected to the appropriate proceedings in accordance with this Act.
“The exemption from criminal liability herein established does not include exemption from civil liability, which shall be
enforced in accordance with existing laws.

SOCIAL WELFARE PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS

1. Human Rights based Approach

- is a conceptual framework for the process of human development that is normatively based on international human
rights standards and operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights

2. Social Justice
-is a political and philosophical concept which holds that all people should have equal access to wealth, health,
wellbeing, justice and opportunity.

3. Human Rights
- are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other
status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and
expression, the right to work and education, and many more.

4. The Concept of Diversity

-encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our
individual differences.

It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the
dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs,
political beliefs, or other ideologies.

Neoliberal Social Welfare (Neoliberalism)

-a theory of political economic practices that proposes that human well-being can best be advanced by
liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and skills within an institutional framework characterized
by strong private property rights, free markets and free trade. The role of the state is to create and preserve
an institutional framework appropriate to such practices
Ex.
an influence manifested in marketisation, consumerisation, and managerialisation.

Developmental Social Welfare

- is a pro poor strategy which strives to promote a welfare system that facilitates the development of human
capacity and self-reliance within a caring and enabling socio-economic environment.

The Developmental Perspective in Social Welfare

- The social development approach seeks to integrate economic and social policies within a dynamic
development process in order to achieve social welfare objectives.

Social Development Approach

It does not deal with individuals either by providing them with goods or services, or by treating or
rehabilitating them. Instead, social development focuses on the community or society,
and on wider social processes and structures. The social development approach is also comprehensive and
universalistic.

The social development, a component of sustainable development, aims at improving the human well-being in
the society. This is achieved through the improvement of three main areas: education, health and
employment.
Social development means that we must invest in people. It is necessary to remove barriers keeping citizens
from living in decent living conditions.

Social development enables people to progress towards self-sufficiency.

Sustainable Development
is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs."
Example of SDG

Gender and development (GAD) Theoretical approach.

-focuses on the socially constructed differences between men and women and the need to challenge existing
gender roles and relations.
Republic Act No. 9710, otherwise known as the Magna Carta of Women, that mandates gender mainstreaming
and gender-responsiveness in all agencies’ programs, activities, projects and policies

APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING AND ANALYZING A SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY

Residual model generally holds that the government should be involved in social welfare only as a last resort
safety net when other avenues fail.
Institutional model favors continuing intervention as needed, seeing government help as a natural and normal
occurrence in people's lives.
General Concept of Social Welfare Program
Selective Social Welfare Programs
-are services that are restricted to only those who can demonstrate proven need and/or meet certain criteria.
institutional and selective approaches to social welfare would include. unemployment insurance.
Universal programs
- type of social welfare program available to everyone regardless of income. Non-means tested (e.g., public
education, social security, negative income tax, disability insurance, unemployment insurance).
-have significant political insurance against winds of policy change.

UNIVERSAL SELECTIVE
provision of social services services are restricted to those who can
for all members of society regardless demonstrate need through eligibility
of their income or means. criteria.
less stigma more stigma
prevents many problems
costly costs focused on those in "need"
broader political base