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A Survey on Evolutionary Algorithms for Cloud Computing

Ghani Akbar1
1
Department of Computer Science, City University, Peshawar, Pakistan

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Index Terms—About four key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.

I. INTRODUCTION As with most cloud services, PaaS is built on top of

virtualization technology. Businesses can requisition resources
T as they need them, scaling as demand grows, rather than
investing in hardware with redundant resources.
he cloud computing is a general term for the delivery of
hosted services over the Internet. Cloud computing enables IV. INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE
consumers to consume compute resources as a utility -- just
like electricity -- rather than having to build and maintain IaaS providers offer these cloud servers and their associated
computing infrastructures in-house. resources via dashboard and/or API. IaaS clients have direct
Although cloud computing has changed over time, it has access to their servers and storage, just as they would with
always been divided into three broad service categories: traditional servers but gain access to a much higher order of
infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) scalability. Users of IaaS can outsource and build a “virtual
data center” in the cloud and have access to many of the same
and software as service (SaaS).
technologies and resource capabilities of a traditional data
center without having to invest in capacity planning or the
II. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE
physical maintenance and management of it.
In some ways, SaaS is very similar to the old thin-client model
of software provision, where clients, in this case usually web IaaS is the most flexible cloud computing model and allows
browsers, provide the point of access to software running on for automated deployment of servers, processing power,
servers. SaaS is the most familiar form of cloud service for storage, and networking. IaaS clients have true control over
consumers. SaaS moves the task of managing software and its their infrastructure than users of PaaS or SaaS services. The
deployment to third-party services. Among the most familiar main uses of IaaS include the actual development and
SaaS applications for business are customer relationship deployment of PaaS, SaaS, and web-scale applications.
management applications like Salesforce, productivity
software suites like Google Apps, and storage solutions
brothers like Box and Dropbox.. V. EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS
In artificial intelligence, an evolutionary algorithm (EA) is a
III. PLATFORM AS A SERVICE subset of evolutionary computation, a generic population-
based metaheuristic optimization algorithm. An EA uses
PaaS functions at a lower level than SaaS, typically providing
a platform on which software can be developed and deployed. mechanisms inspired by biological evolution, such as
PaaS providers abstract much of the work of dealing with reproduction, mutation, recombination, and selection.
servers and give clients an environment in which the operating
system and server software, as well as the underlying server Swarm intelligence (SI) is the collective
hardware and network infrastructure are taken care of, leaving behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or
users free to focus on the business side of scalability, and the artificial. The concept is employed in work on artificial
application development of their product or service. intelligence.

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A. Ant colony optimization [2] J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol.
2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp. 68-73.
[3] I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange
Based on the ideas of ant foraging by pheromone anisotropy,” in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New
communication to form paths. Primarily suited York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271-350.
[4] T. L. Gilbert, Formulation, Foundations and Applications of the
for combinatorial optimization and graph problems. Phenomenological Theory of Ferromagnetism, Ph.D. dissertation,
Illinois Inst. Tech., Chicago, IL, 1956, unpublished.
B. Artificial bee colony algorithm [5] D. P. Arnold, “Review of microscale magnetic power generation,”
submitted for publication.
[6] S. O. Demokritov and V. E. Demidov, “Micro-Brillouin light scattering
Based on the honey bee foraging behavior. Primarily spectroscopy of magnetic nanostructures,” IEEE Trans. Magn., to be
proposed for numerical optimization and extended to published.
[7] C. J. Kaufman, Rocky Mountain Research Laboratories, Boulder, CO,
solve combinatorial, constrained and multi-objective private communication, 2004.
optimization problems. [8] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy
studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,” IEEE
Transl. J. Magn. Jpn., vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987 [Dig. 9th
C. Bees algorithm is Annual Conf. Magn. Jpn., p. 301, 1982].
[9] M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA:
Based on the foraging behavior of honey bees. It has University Science, 1989.
been applied in many applications such as routing and
scheduling. First A. Author (M’76–SM’81–F’87) and the other authors may include
biographies at the end of regular papers. Biographies are not included in
conference-related papers. This author became a Member (M) of IEEE in
D. Cuckoo search 1976, a Senior Member (SM) in 1981, and a Fellow (F) in 1987. The first
paragraph may contain a place and/or date of birth (list place, then date). Next,
This Algorithm is inspired by the brooding parasitism of the author’s educational background is listed. The degrees should be listed
with type of degree in what field, which institution, city, state or country, and
the cuckoo species. It also uses Levy flights, and thus it year. The author’s major field of study should be in lowercase.
suits for global optimization problems. The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or she) and not
the author’s last name. It lists military and work experience, including
summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must
E. Particle swarm optimization have a location; previous positions may be listed without one. Information
concerning previous publications may be included. Try not to list more than
three books or published articles. The format for listing publishers of a book
Based on the ideas of animal flocking behavior. Also within the biography is: title of book (city, state: publisher name, year) similar
primarily suited for numerical optimization problems. to a reference. Current and previous research interests ends the paragraph.
The third paragraph begins with the author’s title and last name (e.g., Dr.
Smith, Prof. Jones, Mr. Kajor, Ms. Hunter). List any memberships in
professional societies other than the IEEE. Finally, list any awards and work
for IEEE committees and publications. If a photograph is provided, the
VI. CONCLUSION biography will be indented around it. The photograph is placed at the top left
of the biography. The final printed size of an author photograph is 2.54 cm
A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion wide by 3.18 cm long. Personal hobbies will be deleted from the biography.
may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the
abstract in the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on
the importance of the work or suggest applications and
extensions.

APPENDIX
Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments.
Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to
thank ....” Instead, write “S.B.A. thanks ....” This work was
supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under
Grant BS123456 (sponsor and financial support
acknowledgment goes here).

REFERENCES
[1] G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, “On certain integrals of
Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil.
Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529-551, Apr. 1955.

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TABLE I
UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES (SHORT TITLE HERE)
Conversion from Gaussian and
Symbol Quantity
CGS EMU to SI a
 magnetic flux 1 Mx  108 Wb = 108 V·s
B magnetic flux density, 1 G  104 T = 104 Wb/m2
magnetic induction
H magnetic field strength 1 Oe  103/(4) A/m Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” is
m magnetic moment 1 erg/G = 1 emu abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two
 103 A·m2 = 103 J/T spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the
M magnetization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3 caption.
 103 A/m
4M magnetization 1 G  103/(4) A/m
 specific magnetization 1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g  1 A·m2/kg
j magnetic dipole 1 erg/G = 1 emu
moment  4  1010 Wb·m
J magnetic polarization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
 4  104 T
,  susceptibility 1  4
 mass susceptibility 1 cm3/g  4  103 m3/kg
 permeability 1  4  107 H/m
= 4  107 Wb/(A·m)
r relative permeability   r
w, W energy density 1 erg/cm3  101 J/m3
N, D demagnetizing factor 1  1/(4)

No vertical lines in table. Statements that serve as captions for the entire
table do not need footnote letters. A longer description of the table would go
here.
a
Gaussian units are the same as cgs emu for magnetostatics; Mx =
maxwell, G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T =
tesla, m = meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.

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