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Nervous System Overview Cheat Sheet

This cheat sheet provides a concise overview of the Nervous System, detailing the structure and functions of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). It includes information on the major components of the brain and spinal cord, types of neurons, neurotransmitters, and reflex arc mechanisms. Additionally, it offers study mnemonics for cranial and spinal nerves to aid in revision.

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riddhinadesh
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7 views4 pages

Nervous System Overview Cheat Sheet

This cheat sheet provides a concise overview of the Nervous System, detailing the structure and functions of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). It includes information on the major components of the brain and spinal cord, types of neurons, neurotransmitters, and reflex arc mechanisms. Additionally, it offers study mnemonics for cranial and spinal nerves to aid in revision.

Uploaded by

riddhinadesh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Here’s a cheat sheet for the Nervous System, ideal for quick reference or revision.

It
covers the structure, function, and major components of the central and peripheral nervous
systems in a concise and organized way.

🧠 Nervous System Cheat Sheet


📌 Main Divisions of the Nervous System
Division Subdivisions Function

Central Nervous System Brain, Spinal Cord Processing, coordination,


(CNS) decision making

Peripheral Nervous Somatic, Autonomic Communication between


System (PNS) CNS and body

🧠 Central Nervous System (CNS)


Brain

●​ Cerebrum: Conscious thought, memory, voluntary movement​

●​ Cerebellum: Balance, coordination​

●​ Brainstem: Heart rate, breathing, sleep (midbrain, pons, medulla)​

●​ Limbic system: Emotions (amygdala, hippocampus)​

Spinal Cord

●​ Carries messages between brain and body​

●​ Reflex arc processing​

🧬 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)


1. Somatic Nervous System
●​ Controls voluntary movements​

●​ Involves skeletal muscles​

●​ Sensory (afferent) + Motor (efferent) nerves​

2. Autonomic Nervous System

●​ Controls involuntary functions (organs, glands)​

●​ Two branches:​

Branch Function Mnemonic

Sympathetic "Fight or Flight" 🆘 Stress response


Parasympathetic "Rest and Digest" 🧘 Calm/restoring
🧠 Major Types of Neurons
Type Function

Sensory (Afferent) Carry info to CNS

Motor (Efferent) Carry info from CNS to body

Interneurons Within CNS; process & relay info

⚡️ Neuron Structure
●​ Dendrites: Receive signals​

●​ Cell Body (Soma): Processes signals​

●​ Axon: Sends signals​

●​ Myelin Sheath: Speeds up impulse​

●​ Axon Terminals: Signal to next neuron​

🧪 Neurotransmitters (Quick Overview)


Neurotransmitter Effect

Acetylcholine Muscle movement, memory

Dopamine Pleasure, movement, reward

Serotonin Mood, sleep, appetite

Norepinephrine Alertness, arousal

GABA Inhibitory, calming

Glutamate Excitatory, learning

Endorphins Pain relief, pleasure

🧠 Reflex Arc (5 Components)


1.​ Receptor – Detects stimulus​

2.​ Sensory neuron – Sends impulse to CNS​

3.​ Integration center – Processes info (spinal cord)​

4.​ Motor neuron – Sends signal to muscle​

5.​ Effector – Muscle/gland responds​

🧭 Study Mnemonics
●​ Cranial Nerves (12):​
"Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Green Vegetables AH!"​
(Olfactory → Hypoglossal)​

●​ Spinal Nerves:​
"Breakfast at 8, Lunch at 12, Dinner at 5"​

○​ Cervical – 8​

○​ Thoracic – 12​

○​ Lumbar – 5​

○​ Sacral – 5​
○​ Coccygeal – 1​

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