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Fluid Properties and Boundary Layers

The document provides physical properties of water and air, including density, viscosity, and vapor pressure. It also includes various fluid dynamics equations and principles, such as gravitational acceleration, forces, and boundary layer characteristics. Additionally, it presents formulas for calculating flow characteristics in different geometries and conditions.

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kameilun443
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113 views4 pages

Fluid Properties and Boundary Layers

The document provides physical properties of water and air, including density, viscosity, and vapor pressure. It also includes various fluid dynamics equations and principles, such as gravitational acceleration, forces, and boundary layer characteristics. Additionally, it presents formulas for calculating flow characteristics in different geometries and conditions.

Uploaded by

kameilun443
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The following information may be of assistance:

Physical properties of water: ρ = 1000 kg/m3 ν = 10-6 m2/s

pvap = 2.34 kPa (absolute)

Physical properties of air: ρ = 1.23 kg/m3 ν = 1.5 × 10-5 m2/s


patm = 101.33 kPa (absolute)

∂p
g =ρ g = − ρg P = γ QH
∂z
µ τ = µ du Q = Bq
ν = ρ
dz

Gravitational acceleration: g = 9.81 m.s−2 Volume of a sphere: Vol = π D 3


6
d
F = ma ΣF = (mu ) ΣF = Σ ( ρQu ) out − Σ( ρQu ) in
dt
IG
F = pG . A yp = + y I y = ∫ x 2 dA
yA A

bh 3 πa 4 bh 3
IG = IG = IG =
12 4 36
(rectangular section) (circular section radius a) (triangular section)

∫u ∫u
3 2
1 .dA .dA
um =
A ∫ [Link] α=
u 3m A
β=
u 2m A

64 1  k 2.51   Lu
2
f= = − 2 log10  s +  hf = f   = S f .L
IR  3.7 D IR f   D  2g
f  
 u2  p u2
HL = K   H= + z+
 2g  g 2g

A p ∆p
τ o = ρgRh S f = ρ u* 2 Rh = R = IE = ,
P ρu ρu 2
2
uD u u
Re = IR = Fr = IF = IM =
ν gy E/ρ
du
FI = m Fg = mg F pressure = p. A
dt
 du 
Fσ = σ L Fµ = τ A =  µ A FE = EA
 dz 
mu 2
Fcentrifugal = µ = ν .ρ
r

1 1
Ff = ρU o2 Cf A FD = ρU o2 C D A
2 2

Uo x Uo x crit 11.6 ν 11.6 ν


IRx = IRcrit = = 500 000 δs = u =
ν ν * gRh S

δ = 1  8 1.328
Laminar boundary layer 27 τ o =  ρUo2  Cf =
2  15 IRx
0.5
x IRx IR x

δ 0.38
Turbulent boundary layer = for IR x = 105 − 108
x IR x 0.2

Cf =
0.074 (Blasius)
0.2
IRx

C f−0.5 = 1.70 + 4.15 log10 (Cf . IRx ) (von Karman)

C f−0.5 = 4.13 log10 (Cf . IRx ) (Schoenherr)

1700
Mixed boundary layer C f = (Cf )turb − for IRx = 5 × 105 − 2 × 107
IR x

C f−0.5 = 4.13 log10 (Cf . IRx )

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