Republic of the Philippines
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BARILI CAMPUS
Barili, Cebu, Philippines
2nd Semester, AY 2024 – 2025
College of Technology and Management
Department of Technology
INTRODUCTION
TO DATABASE
Prepared by:
JUNE CLIFFORD L. CUBAR
PART TIME INSTRUCTOR
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WHAT IS DATABASE?
▪ A Database is a shared, integrated
computer structure that stores a
collection of:
✓ End-user data - raw of facts
✓ Metadata – data about data
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WHY DATABASES?
▪ Characteristics of data in today’s world
▪ Ubiquitous (global, and everywhere)
▪ Pervasive (unescapable)
▪ Databases make data persistent and
shareable.
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WHAT IS DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?
▪ Database Management System (DBMS) –
is a collection of program that manages
the:
✓ database structure and
✓ control access to the data in the
database.
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ROLE OF DBMS
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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS
▪ Improved data sharing.
▪ Improved data Security.
▪ Better data Integration
▪ Minimized data Inconsistency.
▪ Improved data access.
▪ Improved decision making.
▪ Increased end –user productivity.
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TYPES OF DATABASE
1. Single-user database – supports only one
user at a time.
- A single-user database that runs on a
personal computer is called a desktop
database.
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TYPES OF DATABASE
2. Centralized database – supports data
located at a single site.
3. Distributed database – a database that
supports data distributed across several
different sites.
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TYPES OF DATABASE
4. Relational Database - Stores data in the
form of rows and columns and together
forms a table.
5. Cloud Database - A type of database
where data is stored in a virtual environment
and executes over the cloud computing
platform.
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TYPES OF DATABASE
6. Object-oriented Database – uses object-
based approach for storing data in the
database system.
7. NoSQL Database – it is used for storing a
wide range of data sets.
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Why Database Design is Important
• Database design refers to the activities
that focus on the design of database
structure used for end-user data.
• Well-designed database:
✓ Facilitates data management
✓ Generates accurate and valuable
information.
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Why Database Design is Important
• Poorly designed database:
✓ Causes difficult to trace errors.
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EVOLUTION OF FILE SYSTEM DATA
PROCESSING
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EVOLUTION OF FILE SYSTEM DATA
PROCESSING
1. Manual File System – Paper and pencil
system.
2. Computerized File System – computer
based system.
- Data processing (DP) specialist –
converted computer file from manual
system.
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Computerized Customer file
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Basic File Terminology
• Data – “Raw” facts.
• Field – a character or group of character.
- used to defined and store data.
• Record– A logically connected set of one
or more fields that describes a person,
place or thing.
• File – A collection of related records.
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A simple file system
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PROBLEMS WITH FILE SYSTEM DATA
PROCESSING
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1. File System Limitations:
o Lengthy development times
o Difficult of getting quick answers;
o Complex system administration;
o Lack of security and limited data sharing;
o Extensive programming;
2. Structure and Data Dependence
o Access to a file is dependent on its
structure.
o Logical data format - (how the human
being views the data)
o Physical data format – (how the
computer must work with the data)
3. Data Redundancy
o Data redundancy exists when the same
data stored unnecessarily at different
places.
4. Lack of Design and Data-modeling
skills
o New problem that has evolved with the
used of personal productivity tools.
o It is important that the design is created
properly documented.
DATABASE SYSTEMS
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Database-System Application
A. Enterprise Information
1. Sales – For customer, product and
purchase information.
2. Accounting – For Payments, receipt,
account balances, assets and etc.
3. Human resource – information about
employee, salaries, payroll taxes,
benefits, and generation of paychecks.
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Database-System Application
A. Enterprise Information
4. Manufacturing – Inventories of Items,
orders for items, etc.
5. Online retailers – For sales data,
online order tracking, online product.
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Database-System Application
B. Banking and Finance
1. Banking – For customer information,
account, loans, and banking
transaction.
2. Credit card transaction– For purchase
on credit cards and generation of
monthly statement.
3. Finance – holdings, sales, stocks
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Database-System Application
C. University – for student info, course
registration, and grades.
D. Airlines – For reservation and schedule
information.
E. Telecommunication – for keeping record
of calls made, monthly bill, information
about the communication networks.
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Database System Environment
Database system refers to an organization of
components that define and regulate the
collection, storage management and use of
data within a database environment.
Database System Major Parts
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. People
4. Procedure
5. Data
Database Management System
Function
1. Data dictionary management.
2. Data storage management.
3. Data transformation and presentation.
4. Security management
5. Multiuser access control.
6. Backup and recovery management.
7. Data integrity management.
Database Management System
Function
8. Database access languages and
application programming interface.
[Link] communication interfaces.