CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
4.1 Introduction
This chapter is basically about the presentation of analysis and interpretation of collected
information in the course of this research. The analysis of data for this research work was in a
tabulated form based on the number of questions on the questionnaire. Out of the 400
questionnaires distributed, 379 questionnaires were dully filled and retrieved. The analysis of the
questionnaire distributed is stated below.
4.2 ANALYSIS AND DATA PRESENTATION
Table 1: Age of the Respondents
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
18yrs – 25 yrs 49 12.9
26 – 34 years 78 20.6
35 – 45 years 145 38.3
46 & Above 107 28.2
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above reveals that 12.9% of the respondents are between 18 - 25 years, 20.6%
of the respondents are from 26 – 34 years, 38.3% of the respondents ranges from 35 – 45
years, 28.2% of the respondents are from 46 years & above.
Table 2: Gender Distribution of the Respondents
Gender Frequency Percentage (%)
Female 231 60.9
Male 148 39.1
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 60.9% of the respondents were female while 39.1% of the
respondents were male.
Table 3: Marital Status of the Respondents
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Single 83 21.9
Married 263 69.4
Divorced 26 6.9
Widow 7 1.8
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 21.9% of the respondents were single while 69.4%
respondents were married, 6.9% of the respondents were divorced while 1.8% of the
respondents were widow.
Table 4: Religion of the Respondents
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Christian 211 55.7
Muslim 168 44.3
Others 0 0
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 55.7% respondents practice Christianity religion, 44.3%
respondents practice Islamic religion while none of them practice other religion different
from the two listed above.
Table 5: Occupational Status of the Respondents
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Students 42 11.1
Self-employed 116 30.6
Civil servant 134 35.4
Unemployed 87 22.9
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 11.1% of the respondents were students, 30.6% of the
respondents were self-employed, 35.4% were civil servant while 22.9% of the
respondents were unemployed.
Table 6: Residence Area of the Respondents
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Agege 38 10.03
Alimosho 37 9.76
Amuwo-Odofin 38 10.03
Ikeja 38 10.03
Ifako-Ijaiye 37 9.76
Apapa 39 10.29
Mushin 39 10.29
Shomolu 38 10.03
Surulere 38 10.03
Kosofe 37 9.76
TOTAL 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 10.03% of the respondents were from Agege, 9.76% of the
respondents were from Alimosho, 10.03% of the respondents were from Amuwo-Odofin,
10.03% of the respondents were from Ikeja, 9.76% of the respondents were from Ifako-Ijaiye,
10.29% of the respondents were from Apapa, 10.29% of the respondents were from Mushin,
10.03% of the respondents were from Shomolu, 10.03% of the respondents were from Surulere
while 9.76% of the respondents were from Kosofe.
Research Question 1: What is the relationship between business environment and
performance of small and mid size enterprises in Lagos state?
Table 7: What are the primary challenges you face in your business environment that
impact your enterprise’s performance?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Inadequate access to finance 113 29.82
Government regulatory constraints 96 25.32
Infrastructure issues 89 23.48
High market competition 81 21.37
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 29.82% of the respondents state that the challenge they face in their
business environment that impact their enterprise’s performance is the inadequate access to
finance, 25.32% of the respondents state that the challenge they face in their business
environment that impact their enterprise’s performance is the government regulatory constraints,
23.48% of the respondents state that the challenge they face in their business environment that
impact their enterprise’s performance is the infrastructure issues while 21.37% of the
respondents state that the challenge they face in their business environment that impact their
enterprise’s performance is the high market competition.
Table 8: How would you rate the overall business environment in Lagos State for small and
mid-size enterprises?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Very Poor 42 11.08
Poor 87 22.96
Good 116 30.61
Very Good 134 35.35
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 11. 08% of the respondents state that the overall business
environment in Lagos State for small and mid-size enterprises is very poor, 22.96% of
the respondents state that the overall business environment in Lagos State for small and
mid-size enterprises is poor, 30.61% of the respondents state that the overall business
environment in Lagos State for small and mid-size enterprises is good, while 35.35% of
the respondents state that the overall business environment in Lagos State for small and
mid-size enterprises is very good.
Table 9: To what extent do government policies and regulations affect your business
operation?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
A little 88 23.21
Moderately 96 25.33
Very much 104 27.44
Extremely 91 24.12
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 23.21% of the respondents state that government policies and
regulations affect their business operation a little, 25.33% of the respondent state that
government policies and regulations affect their business operation moderately, 27.44% of the
respondent state that government policies and regulations affect their business operation very
much while 24.02% of the respondent state that government policies and regulations affect their
business operation extremely.
Table 10: How has the availability of technology influenced your business performance in
the last 12 months?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
No influence 55 14.51
Minor influence 56 14.77
Moderate influence 142 37.47
Significant influence 126 33.25
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 14.51% of the respondents state that the availability of technology
have no influence on their business performance in the last 12 months, 14.77% of the
respondents state that the availability of technology have a minor influence on their business
performance in the last 12 months, 37.47% of the respondents state that the availability of
technology have moderate influence on their business performance in the last 12 months, while
33.25% of the respondents state that the availability of technology have significant influence on
their business performance in the last 12 months.
Table 11: In terms of growth and profitability, how do you perceive the impact of the local
market conditions on your enterprise over the past year?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Negative Impact 102 26.9
No Impact 96 25.3
Positive Impact 93 24.5
Very Positive Impact 88 23.2
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 26.9% of the respondents strongly agree that the government has
good intentions to reduce unemployment but the will and commitment to effectively implement
the policies are grossly lacking, 25.3% of the respondents agree that the government has good
intentions to reduce unemployment but the will and commitment to effectively implement the
policies are grossly lacking, 24.5% of the respondents strongly disagree that the government has
good intentions to reduce unemployment but the will and commitment to effectively implement
the policies are grossly lacking, while 23.2% of the respondents disagree that the government has
good intentions to reduce unemployment but the will and commitment to effectively implement
the policies are grossly lacking.
Research Question 2: What are the factors limiting the development of small and medium
size enterprises in Lagos state?
Table 12: What are the most significant challenges faced by SMEs in accessing finance in
Lagos State?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
High interest rates 109 28.7
Lack of collateral 116 30.5
Bureaucratic processes 134 35.5
Limited financial products 20 5.3
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 28.7% of the respondents state that high interest rates is the most
significant challenges faced by SMEs in accessing finance in Lagos State, 30.5% of the
respondents state that lack of collateral is the most significant challenges faced by SMEs in
accessing finance in Lagos State, 35.5% of the respondents state that bureaucratic processes is
the most significant challenges faced by SMEs in accessing finance in Lagos State while 5.3% of
the respondents state that limited financial products is the most significant challenges faced by
SMEs in accessing finance in Lagos State.
Table 13: To what extent do regulatory frameworks impact the operational costs of SMEs
in Lagos State?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
A little extent 66 17.41
Moderately 79 20.84
Large extent 113 29.82
Extreme extent 121 31.93
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 17.41% of the respondents state that regulatory frameworks impact
the operational costs of SMEs in Lagos State to a little extent, 20.84% of the respondents state
that regulatory frameworks impact the operational costs of SMEs in Lagos State moderately,
29.82% of the respondents state that regulatory frameworks impact the operational costs of
SMEs in Lagos State to a large extent, while 31.93% of the respondents state that regulatory
frameworks impact the operational costs of SMEs in Lagos State to an extreme extent.
Table 14: Technological capability plays a significant role on the innovation and
competitiveness of SMEs in Lagos?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agree 162 42.7
Agree 107 28.2
Strongly Disagree 41 10.8
Disagree 69 18.2
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 42.7% of the respondents strongly agree that technological capability
plays a significant role on the innovation and competitiveness of SMEs in Lagos, 28.2% of the
respondents agree that technological capability plays a significant role on the innovation and
competitiveness of SMEs in Lagos, 10.8% of the respondents strongly disagree that
technological capability plays a significant role on the innovation and competitiveness of SMEs
in Lagos, while 18.2% of the respondents disagree that technological capability plays a
significant role on the innovation and competitiveness of SMEs in Lagos.
Table 15: The level of competition in the market affects the pricing strategies of SMEs in
Lagos State?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agree 172 45.4
Agree 127 33.5
Strongly Disagree 39 10.3
Disagree 41 10.8
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 45.4% of the respondents strongly agree that the level of competition
in the market affects the pricing strategies of SMEs in Lagos State, 33.5% of the respondents
agree that the level of competition in the market affects the pricing strategies of SMEs in Lagos
State, 10.3% of the respondents strongly disagree that the level of competition in the market
affects the pricing strategies of SMEs in Lagos State, while 10.8% of the respondents disagree
that the level of competition in the market affects the pricing strategies of SMEs in Lagos State.
Research Questions 3: What are the effects of business environment on small and medium
size enterprises in Lagos state?
Table 16: Current business environment in Lagos State affect the profitability of SMEs?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agree 173 45.6
Agree 124 32.7
Strongly Disagree 39 10.3
Disagree 43 11.3
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 45.6% of the respondents strongly agree that current business
environment in Lagos State affect the profitability of SMEs, 32.7% of the respondents agree that
current business environment in Lagos State affect the profitability of SMEs, 10.3% of the
respondents strongly disagree that current business environment in Lagos State affect the
profitability of SMEs, while 11.3% of the respondents disagree that current business
environment in Lagos State affect the profitability of SMEs.
Table 17: Environmental factors (such as pollution regulations, waste management)
influence SME operations in Lagos State?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agree 162 42.7
Agree 107 28.2
Strongly Disagree 41 10.8
Disagree 69 18.2
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 42.7% of the respondents strongly agree that environmental factors
(such as pollution regulations, waste management) influence SME operations in Lagos State,
28.2% of the respondents agree that environmental factors (such as pollution regulations, waste
management) influence SME operations in Lagos State, 10.8% of the respondents strongly
disagree that environmental factors (such as pollution regulations, waste management) influence
SME operations in Lagos State, while 18.2% of the respondents disagree that environmental
factors (such as pollution regulations, waste management) influence SME operations in Lagos
State.
Table 18: Socio-cultural context of Lagos State impact the growth of SMEs?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agree 172 45.4
Agree 127 33.5
Strongly Disagree 39 10.3
Disagree 41 10.8
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 45.4% of the respondents strongly agree that socio-cultural context
of Lagos State impact the growth of SMEs, 33.5% of the respondents agree that socio-cultural
context of Lagos State impact the growth of SMEs, 10.3% of the respondents strongly disagree
that socio-cultural context of Lagos State impact the growth of SMEs, while 10.8% of the
respondents disagree that socio-cultural context of Lagos State impact the growth of SMEs.
Table 19: Political stability of Lagos State affects the investment decisions of SMEs?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agree 182 48
Agree 143 37.7
Strongly Disagree 31 8.2
Disagree 23 6.1
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 48% of the respondents strongly agree that political stability of
Lagos State affects the investment decisions of SMEs, 37.7% of the respondents agree that
political stability of Lagos State affects the investment decisions of SMEs, 8.2% of the
respondents strongly disagree that political stability of Lagos State affects the investment
decisions of SMEs, while 6.1% of the respondents disagree that political stability of Lagos State
affects the investment decisions of SMEs.
Table 20: Economic stability of Lagos State play in the sustainability of SMEs?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Strongly Agree 162 42.7
Agree 107 28.2
Strongly Disagree 41 10.8
Disagree 69 18.2
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 42.7% of the respondents strongly agree that economic stability of
Lagos State play in the sustainability of SMEs, 28.2% of the respondents agree that economic
stability of Lagos State play in the sustainability of SMEs, 10.8% of the respondents strongly
disagree that economic stability of Lagos State play in the sustainability of SMEs, while 18.2%
of the respondents disagree that economic stability of Lagos State play in the sustainability of
SMEs.
Table 21: What are strategic variables that can influence the development of small and
medium size enterprises in Lagos state?
Response Option Frequency Percentage %
Information technology 31 8.2
Management skill 26 6.9
Education 193 50.9
Adequate Finance 129 34
Total 379 100
Source: Field Survey 2024
The table above shows that 8.2% of the respondents state that strategic variables that can
influence the development of small and medium size enterprises in Lagos state is Information
technology, 6.9% of the respondents state that strategic variables that can influence the
development of small and medium size enterprises in Lagos state is Management skill, 50.9% of
the respondents state that strategic variables that can influence the development of small and
medium size enterprises in Lagos state is Education, while 34% of the respondents state that
strategic variables that can influence the development of small and medium size enterprises in
Lagos state is Adequate Finance.
4.3 Discussion of Findings
The data used for the purpose of this study include primary data. The primary data were
adequately gotten via questionnaire in which 400 questionnaires were administered. However,
only 379 were dully filled and retrieved which represent 95% level of response rate.
Many of the respondents were dominated by age bracket of 35 - 45 years which scored 38.3%
followed by age bracket of 46 and above years giving a score of 28.2% which indicates that the
respondents are reasonable and matured in the mind and tolerable. Besides, the study also shows
that 21.9% respondents were single, 69.4% respondents were married, 6.9% of the respondents
were divorced while 1.8% of the respondents were widow. It also stated that 55.7% of the
respondents practice Christianity religion, 44.3% of the respondents practice Islamic religion
while none of them practice other religions. Also, the study shows that 60.9% of the respondents
were females while 39.1% were male. This shows that the survey conducted was based on both
genders. Finally, the study shows that 11.1% respondents were students, 30.6% of the
respondents were self-employed, and 35.4% were civil servant while 22.9% of the respondents
were unemployed.
From the research questions, research question 1 (RQ1) which is; what is the extent to
which entrepreneurship development influence employment generation in Somolu local
government area of Lagos state?
To answer the research question above according to the response of the respondents, Table 7
shows that 11% of the respondents state that the extent to which entrepreneurship development
influence employment generation in Somolu local government area of Lagos state is to a very
great extent, 31% of the respondents state that the extent to which entrepreneurship development
influence employment generation in Somolu local government area of Lagos state is to a great
extent, 35% of the respondents state that the extent to which entrepreneurship development
influence employment generation in Somolu local government area of Lagos state is to a small
extent, while 23% of the respondents state that the extent to which entrepreneurship
development influence employment generation in Somolu local government area of Lagos state
is to a very little extent.
From the research questions, research question 2 (RQ2) which is; what is the
entrepreneurship challenges affecting unemployment reduction in Somolu local
government area of Lagos state?
To answer the research question above according to the response of the respondents, Table 11
shows that 28.7% of the respondents state that one of the entrepreneurship challenges affecting
unemployment reduction in Somolu local government area of Lagos state is inadequate training
of individuals, 30.5% of the respondents state that one of the entrepreneurship challenges
affecting unemployment reduction in Somolu local government area of Lagos state is lack of
enough resources/funds, 35.5% of the respondents state that one of the entrepreneurship
challenges affecting unemployment reduction in Somolu local government area of Lagos state is
inadequate Learning Facilities while 5.3% of the respondents state that there are other factors
that stands as entrepreneurship challenges affecting unemployment reduction in Somolu local
government area of Lagos state to apart from the ones listed by the researcher.
From the research questions, research question 3 (RQ3) which is; how can
entrepreneurship development reduce the rate of unemployment in Somolu local
government area of Lagos state?
To answer the research question above according to the response of the respondents, Table 12
shows that 45.6% of the respondents strongly agree that one of the ways entrepreneurship
development can reduce the rate of unemployment in Somolu local government area of Lagos
state is through the efficient use of funds and entrepreneurship development/ administration,
32.7% of the respondents agree that one of the ways entrepreneurship development can reduce
the rate of unemployment in Somolu local government area of Lagos state is through the efficient
use of funds and entrepreneurship development/ administration, 10.3% of the respondents
strongly disagree that entrepreneurship development can reduce the rate of unemployment in
Somolu local government area of Lagos state is through the efficient use of funds and
entrepreneurship development/ administration, while 11.3% of the respondents disagree that
entrepreneurship development can reduce the rate of unemployment in Somolu local
government area of Lagos state is through the efficient use of funds and entrepreneurship
development/ administration.
From the research questions, research question 4 (RQ4) which is; what is the relationship
between job creation and entrepreneurship development in Somolu local government area
of Lagos state?
To answer the research question above according to the response of the respondents, Table 20
shows that 8.2% of the respondents strongly agree that there is no relationship between job
creation and entrepreneurship development in Somolu local government area of Lagos state,
6.9% of the respondents agree that there is no relationship between job creation and
entrepreneurship development in Somolu local government area of Lagos state, 50.9% of the
respondents strongly disagree that there is no relationship between job creation and
entrepreneurship development in Somolu local government area of Lagos state, while 34% of the
respondents disagree that there is no relationship between job creation and entrepreneurship
development in Somolu local government area of Lagos state.