WEST PHILIPPINE SEA: A CLASH OF MARITIME CLAIMS
The West Philippine Sea, a vital part of the country's maritime territory, has been a topic of
significant interest and concern. Located west of the Philippine archipelago, this body of
water is rich in natural resources and boasts diverse marine ecosystems. However, its
strategic importance and disputed territories have made it a focal point of national and
international attention.
It is indeed a site of complex maritime claims, with multiple countries asserting their rights
and interests in the region. The disputes involve issues of sovereignty, territorial waters, and
access to natural resources.
The Philippines, China, and other neighboring countries have overlapping claims in the
South China Sea (also referred to as the West Philippine Sea by the Philippines), which has
led to tensions, diplomatic efforts, and international arbitration.
The situation remains sensitive, with implications for regional stability, economic
development, and the well-being of communities dependent on marine resources.
SOME REASONS WHY THEY OTHER COUNTRIES WANT TO OWN
THE WEST PHILIPPINE SEA
•ECONOMIC INTEREST
1. Resource Control
-The West Philippine Sea is believed to hold significant deposits of
oil and natural gas
2. Fishing Grounds
-The area is a vital fishing ground, contributing to food security for
several countries
3. Trade Route
-Control over the sea would give them significant beverage over
regional and global trade
•STRATEGIC INTEREST
1. Military Access
-Control over the WPS would enhance their Naval reach and
projection of power in the region, potentially challenging the
dominance of the US and its allies
2. Historical Claims
-China asserts historical claims to the area, citing evidence of its
presence and activities dating back centuries
3. National Prestige
-Are also driven by a desire to project an image of national
strength and influence in the region and globally
OTHER FACTORS:
1. NINE-DASH LINE
2. MILITARIZATION OF ISLANDS
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ANGLE
For Filipinos, the West Philippine Sea is more than just a body of water.
It’s a source of livelihood and a big part of their culture. Many families depend
on fishing for food and income. But with China’s presence, some Filipinos
can’t fish in their usual spots, causing them hardship and feeling unfairly
treated. This has made many Filipinos proud and determined to protect their
country’s rights.
In 2016, an international court ruled in favor of the Philippines, saying
China’s claims weren’t valid. This victory has inspired young people to learn
more and get involved in advocating for their country’s rights. Students,
artists, and activists are using education and art to raise awareness and show
support for the Philippines’ claim.
POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS
China’s claim to historical rights over the vast majority of the South
China Sea, often depicted by the “nine-dash line,” clashes with the
Philippines’ claims and the international legal framework established by the
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
LAW/S
[ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 12064, November 07, 2024 ]
•AN ACT DECLARING THE MARITIME ZONES UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF
THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
•Republic Act No. 12064 defines the Philippines’ maritime zones, outlining the
country’s jurisdiction over its surrounding waters. This law clarifies the
boundaries of the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone, and continental
shelf, ensuring the Philippines can manage and protect its marine resources,
promote economic development, and assert its sovereignty.
•The Philippines exercise sovereignty over its territorial sea and the airspace
above it as well as its sealed and subsoil in accordance with the UNCLOS and
other existing laws and treaties, having due regard for the rights of other
States, including the right of innocent passage as provided in Part II, Section 3
of the UNCLOS.
ECONOMIC IMPACT
The West Philippine Sea has significant economic implications for
countries involved, particularly the Philippines and China. For the Philippines,
the dispute affects the fishing industry, energy exploration, and tourism,
resulting in losses and impacting livelihoods. For China, control over the sea
enhances its strategic position, secures shipping lanes, and provides access
to underwater resources, boosting its energy security and economic
development. The economic stakes are high, making the dispute a critical
issue for both nations.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
The West Philippine Sea has significant economic implications for the
Philippines and China. For the Philippines, the dispute affects the fishing
industry, impacting livelihoods, and hinders energy exploration and tourism.
Meanwhile, China seeks to secure strategic shipping lanes, access
underwater resources, and boost its energy security and economic
development, making the dispute a critical issue for both nations with high
economic stakes.
SECURITY AND GEOPOLITICS
The West Philippine Sea faces significant environmental concerns,
including coral reef destruction, biodiversity loss, plastic pollution, and
overfishing. China’s activities in the region have caused extensive damage to
coral reefs, threatening the livelihoods of people who depend on the sea.
Additionally, the Philippines’ own plastic waste contributes to marine
pollution, harming the ecosystem. Climate change also poses a risk, with
increased typhoon frequency and severity affecting coastal communities and
ecosystems. These issues underscore the need for sustainable management
and protection of the West Philippine Sea’s marine resources.
CONCLUSION
The West Philippine Sea dispute is a serious and complex issue that
affects not only the Philippines and China but also the entire region. The
potential economic benefits of the sea’s resources, including fishing and
energy reserves, make it a valuable asset worth protecting. Moreover, the
sea’s strategic location and rich biodiversity underscore its importance. Given
the high stakes, it is crucial for all parties involved to work towards a peaceful
resolution that respects international law and promotes regional stability. The
West Philippine Sea is indeed a vital resource that requires careful
management and protection for the benefit of future generations.
GROUP 1 MEMBERS:
John Bern Balines
Clarence Jake Barcelona
Jenden Arenas
Jeylyn Baladhay
Angel Ysabel Alagaban
Krisha Mae Asis
John Mike Bañas