1

1 The diagram shows an electric circuit set up by a student.

switch
ammeter
metal wire
battery

lamp

15 W resistor

Using standard symbols, draw a circuit diagram for the student's circuit.

[4]

[Total: 4]
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3 A battery consists of four cells, each of e.m.f. 1.2 V, in series.

(a) Calculate the e.m.f. of the battery.

e.m.f. = ........................................... [1]

(b) The battery is connected in a circuit with four 12 Ω resistors as shown in the circuit diagram.

Calculate the total resistance of this arrangement of resistors.

resistance = ......................................... [3]

(c) Calculate the reading on the voltmeter in the circuit diagram.

reading = ........................................ [2]

[Total: 6]

4 The diagram shows how the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a 60 Hz alternating current (a.c.) power
supply varies with time.

e.m.f.

0
0 time

time period

(a) Calculate the time period of the a.c.

time period = .............................................. [1]

(b) The diagram shows this power supply connected in a circuit.

A B C

17
In each time period of the a.c., 1.5 × 10 electrons pass through component A. The charge
–19
on an electron is 1.6 × 10 C.

Calculate the average current in the circuit during one time period.

current = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 4]
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6 The unit of the two electrical quantities electromotive force (e.m.f.) and potential difference (p.d.)
is the volt (V).

State one difference between e.m.f. and p.d.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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7 The diagram shows an alternating current (a.c.) power supply connected in a circuit.

A B C

On the diagram:

1. mark, with an arrow labelled E, the direction of the electron flow through component B

2. mark, with an arrow labelled I, the direction of the conventional current in component C. [2]

[Total: 2]

8 A battery provides energy to an electric car.

The time taken for the car battery to be recharged from zero charge to full charge is 8.3 h.
The charge is delivered to the battery by a charger with a current of 32 A.

Calculate the charge supplied by the charger.

charge = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]
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10 The diagram shows an alternating current (a.c.) power supply connected in a circuit.

A B C

State the name of component A.

....................................................... [1]

[Total: 1]
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11 Two resistors of resistance 2.0 Ω and 3.0 Ω are connected in parallel.

Calculate the combined resistance of the resistors in this arrangement.

resistance = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

12 The diagram shows a circuit with components B and C connected to a direct current (d.c.) power
supply of e.m.f. 12 V.

B C

The current in the circuit is 0.35 A.

Calculate the power delivered by the power supply to the circuit.

power = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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13 The diagram shows a circuit including a 12 V battery and two identical lamps.

A
Q

(a) When the switch is closed, the ammeter reading is 2.4 A.

Calculate the total resistance of the circuit.

resistance = ..................................................... [2]

(b) Each lamp has a resistance of 3.0 Ω.

Calculate the resistance of Q.

resistance of Q = ..................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]
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14 The diagram shows a circuit including a 12 V battery and two identical lamps.

A
Q

When the switch is closed, the ammeter reading is 2.4 A.

Calculate the power supplied to one lamp.

power = ..................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

15 Define electromotive force (e.m.f.).

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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16 The diagram shows a source E of e.m.f. 60 V in a circuit.

10 Ω

The heater H has a resistance of 22.5 Ω and the potential difference (p.d.) across it is 45 V.

Calculate:

(a) the power of the heater

power = ..................................................... [3]

(b) the p.d. across resistor X

p.d. = ..................................................... [2]

(c) the current in the 10 Ω resistor.

current = ..................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]
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17 The diagram shows an incomplete electrical circuit with an alternating current (a.c.) power supply
and a wire in the gap AB.

On the diagram, draw a diode symbol in one gap and a straight line to indicate a wire in the other
gap so that there is a current from right to left in the 4.0 Ω resistor and an alternating current in the
2.0 Ω resistor. [2]

[Total: 2]

18 Explain what is meant by electromotive force (e.m.f.).

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

19 The diagram shows an incomplete electrical circuit.

(a) A student completes the circuit and measures the current in the 6.0 Ω resistor.

On the diagram, draw an ammeter symbol in one gap and straight lines to indicate wires in
the other gaps to show how the student should do this. [1]
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(b) A voltmeter is connected to measure the potential difference (p.d.) across the 4.0 Ω resistor.

On the diagram, draw a voltmeter symbol connected in the correct position. [2]

(c) With the circuit completed, the current in the 2.0 Ω resistor is 2.5 A.

Calculate the current in the 6.0 Ω resistor.

current = .............................................. [4]

[Total: 7]

20 The diagram shows a relay.

Circuit A contains a switch that operates the motor in circuit B when it is closed.

The soft-iron armature is replaced with a steel armature. The switch in circuit A is closed.

Explain what happens when the switch in circuit A is then opened.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
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[Total: 2]

21 An electric heater contains two heating elements R1 and R2. An electric motor operates a fan. The
fan blows cool air over the heating elements.

The diagram shows the circuit.

The heater is powered by a mains supply of e.m.f. 240 V.

Switches S1 and S2 are closed. Heating element R1 gets hot. The resistance of R1 is 30 Ω.

(a) Calculate the current in heating element R1.

current = .............................................. [1]

(b) Calculate the power produced in heating element R1.

power = .............................................. [2]

(c) The resistance of heating element R2 is 60 Ω.

Switches S1, S2 and S3 are closed.

(i) State and explain how the current in R2 compares with the current in R1.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]
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(ii) The current in the motor is 0.10 A. The cable from the electric heater to the plug for the
mains socket is safe when the current in it is less than 20 A.

Suggest and explain a suitable fuse rating for this circuit.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 7]

22 (a) The diagram shows an electrical circuit. The resistor has a resistance of 4.0 Ω. The reading
on the voltmeter is 3.0 V

Calculate the current in the resistor.

current = .............................................. [2]

(b) The diagram shows the same circuit as shown in (a) with one component reversed.

State the reading on the voltmeter and explain your answer.

reading = ...............................................................

explanation .......................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

23 Describe one method for demagnetising a bar magnet.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

24 A light-emitting diode (LED) is a diode that emits light when there is a current in it. Draw a circuit
diagram showing an LED, connected so that it is lit, in series with a battery and a fixed resistor.
Use standard electrical symbols.

[4]
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[Total: 4]

25 (a) Describe what is meant by an electric field.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State what is meant by the direction of an electric field.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]
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27 There is a current of 0.29 A in an electrical circuit.

Calculate the time taken for a charge of 15 C to flow through the electrical circuit.

time = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

28 The diagram shows a power supply of e.m.f. 10.5 V connected in series with a lamp and a heater.
The p.d. across the lamp is 2.1 V and the current in the lamp is 1.5 A.

Calculate:

(a) the resistance of the heater

resistance = .............................................. [2]

(b) the power of the heater.

power = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 4]
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29 There is a current of 3.0 A in a copper wire. Calculate how many electrons pass through the copper
–19
wire every 60 s. The charge on an electron is 1.6 × 10 C.

number of electrons = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

30 The diagram shows a circuit.

Line XY represents a uniform resistance wire with a length of 2.0 m.

Calculate the resistance of the circuit.

resistance = .............................................. [4]

[Total: 4]
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31 A wire of length 2.0 m and cross-sectional area 0.40 mm2 has a resistance of 0.14 Ω.

Calculate the resistance of another wire of the same material of length 3.0 m and cross-sectional
2
area 0.90 mm .

resistance = ..............................................Ω [4]

[Total: 4]

32 Describe what is meant by the term electric field.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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34 The diagram shows a shower that takes in cold water. The water passes through an electric water
heater and emerges from the showerhead at a higher temperature.

The power of the heater is 9000 W.

The shower is powered by a 230 V electricity supply.

(a) Calculate the current in the heater when it is switched on.

current = .............................................. [2]

(b) Suggest a suitable rating for the fuse in the heater circuit.

fuse rating = .............................................. [1]

[Total: 3]
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35 The diagram shows a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 12 V connected across a 1.0 m length
of resistance wire.

(a) Calculate the current in the resistance wire.

current = .............................................. [2]

(b) Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) between terminal P and terminal Q when l = 0.35 m.

p.d. = .............................................. [1]

(c) Calculate the charge that passes through the resistance wire in 5.5 minutes.

charge = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]
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36 The diagram shows a sphere that is negatively charged. The sphere is attached to a plastic stand.

On the diagram, draw arrows to indicate the pattern and direction of the electric field in the region
surrounding the sphere. [2]

[Total: 2]
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37 The resistance of a 1.0 m length of resistance wire is 7.6 Ω. A length of this wire is taped to a metre
rule. A crocodile clip is connected to one end of the resistance wire exactly at the 0 m mark of the
rule. The diagram shows the crocodile clip connected to terminal P.

A second terminal Q is connected to a movable contact using a long length of connecting wire. The
movable contact is in contact with the resistance wire at a lengthl from the 0 m mark on the rule.

The movable contact is placed at different points on the resistance wire. The resistance R of the
length l of the wire depends on l.

Using the axes, sketch a graph to show how R varies with l for values of l between l = 0 and
l = 1.0 m. Mark appropriate values on the axes of the graph.

[2]

[Total: 2]
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38 The diagram shows two spheres.

One of the spheres is negatively charged and attached to a plastic stand.

The smaller, uncharged metal sphere S is suspended by a plastic thread.

The metal sphere S is an electrical conductor. The plastic thread is an electrical insulator.

Explain this difference by referring to the structures of the two materials.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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39 The diagram shows two parallel conducting plates connected to a battery.

On the diagram, draw five lines to show the electric field pattern between the two plates.

[2]

[Total: 2]

40 When fully charged, a 1.2 V rechargeable battery can deliver a current of 210 mA for 10 hours.

(a) Calculate the charge that can be delivered by the fully charged battery.

charge = .............................................. [3]

(b) Calculate the energy stored in the battery when fully charged.

energy stored = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]