A
(Report)
On Project Work Monitoring
Title
“Maintenance and Repairs Of RCC Structure”
Under the guidance of
Prof. R. K. Pawar
2024-25
R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, shirpur
An Autonomous Institute
Harshal Sanjay Jadhav 231104031
Unnati mohan patil 221104017
Prerna suresh Mahajan 231104019
Harshada arvind khedkar7 231104023
Mohini sardar pawar 241204011
Yogeshwari uttam wagh 241204014
CONTENT
Sr. no Title of Project Page no
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
4. Reference
INTRODUCTION
In this report Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures in
buildings require periodic structural auditing, maintenance, and
timely repairs to ensure safety and longevity. As buildings age,
particularly those exceeding 30 years, they become more susceptible
to structural degradation due to environmental exposure, material
fatigue, and load variations. The need of structural audit is for
maintenance and repairs of existing structures whose life has
exceeded the age of 30 years to avoid any mishaps and save valuable
human life. There are many buildings during this period and earlier
have reduced strength in due course of time because of structural
deficiency, material deterioration, unexpected over loadings or
physical damage. Structural auditing helps in identifying potential
issues and planning appropriate interventions to enhance durability
and safety. This report outlines the methodology and best practices
for structural auditing, maintenance, and repair of RCC structures in
buildings.
1.1 Structural Audit
What is Structural Audit?
A structural audit is a comprehensive examination of a building's
structural health and safety, identifying potential issues like defects,
material degradation, and the need for repairs or replacements,
ultimately ensuring the building's continued safe and habitable
condition.
Structural Audit is and overall health and performance checkup of a
building like a doctor examines a patient. It ensures that the building
and its premises are safe and have no risk. It analyses and suggests
appropriate repairs and retrofitting measures required for the
buildings to perform better in its service life. Structural audit is done
by an experienced and licensed structural consultant.
1.2 Purpose of Structural Audit
1. To assess the structural integrity of a building.
2. Identify any problems that could compromise its. Safety or
functionality.
3. To save human life and buildings
4. To understand the condition of building
5. To find critical areas to repair immediately
6. Ensure structural integrity and safety.
7. Identify potential defects and damages.
8. Enhance building performance and efficiency
9. Inspection of connections and joints.
10. Assessment of material deterioration (e.g., concrete, steel,
wood).
1.3 Advantages & Disadvantages of Structural Audit.
Advantages
A. Ensures Safety and Reduces Risk.
b. Extends Building Lifespan.
c. Reduces Maintenance and Repair Costs.
D. Enhances Property Value and Marketability.
E. Ensures Compliance with Building Codes and Regulations.
Disadvantages.
a. High Initial Cost.
b. Time-Consuming Process.
c. Potential for Costly Repairs/Renovations.
d. Limitations in Detecting Hidden Defects.
e. Disruption to Building Operations.
f. Specialized Expertise Required.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 “STRUCTURAL AUDIT OF RCC BUILDING” by Sanket
Sanjay
Suryawanshi, Vaibhav Vishnu Vishe, Deepak Premchand Sah, Reetika
Sharan (2018).
The paper states the faulty mechanism in the structure and different
measures to overcome them. It states that the structure can be
residential, commercial or Historical monument. The ancient
structures had huge impact on life because of Its long-life span. But
nowadays the structures become less efficient and lose their
Strength before the design period. So, to prevent any further
damage, regular check-ups and health examination of the building is
carried.
2.2 “STRUCTURAL AUDIT OF RCC BUILDING” by A.B.
Mahdi [Link]. (4) (2014)
Structural Audit Repair and Rehabilitation of Building:
This paper deals to create awareness amongst the civil engineers,
residents and owners of building towards the health examination of
existing concrete buildings called as Structural Audit. The need of
structural audit is for maintenance and repairs of existing structures
whose life has exceeded the age of 30 years to avoid any mishaps
and save valuable human life. The concrete is widely used as
construction material being inexpensive, easy for construction,
applications and because of it high strength-cost ratio. More than
ever, the construction industry is concerned with improving the
social, economic and environmental parameters of sustainability.
There are many buildings during this period and earlier have reduced
strength in due course of time because of structural deficiency,
material deterioration, unexpected over loadings or physical
damage. If, further use of such deteriorated structure is continued it
may endanger the lives of occupants and surrounding habitation.
There is demand of appropriate actions and measures for all such
building structures to improve its performance and restore the
desired functions of structures which may leads to increase its
functional life.
3. METHODOLOGY
Structure audit performed by the different methods or the test
recommended by structural consultant. Generally for structural audit
following methodology is adopted.
3.1. Visual Inspection
Assessment of structure is done by the visual inspection. During
visual inspection all component parts of structure are visually
inspected like is there any wall cracks, length and width of cracks ,
condition of column, condition of beam ,condition of toilets,
condition of flooring tiles, condition of internal and external plaster
etc. Visual inspection form is prepared and giving the rating as per
the importance of damages. After interpreting the result which gives
the structural condition, following points related to structure are
detailed visually inspected as:
▪ any settlements in the foundations.
▪ Visual cracks in columns, beams and slabs.
▪Concrete disintegration and exposed steel reinforcements –
photographs
Can be helpful.
▪ Slight tapping with hammer can reveal deterioration in concrete.
▪ Extent of corrosion in reinforcement.
▪ Status of Balconies – sagging, deflection, cracks?
3.2 Detail of Structure Report.
SUBJECT- STRUCTURAL
AUDUT OF N.P SCHOOL
BUILDING ,
SHIRPUR(425405)
1 NAME OF BUILDING N. P. School
2 No of Stories 2
3 Location Ambika nagar , shirpur
4 Year of Construction
5 User Department School Building
6 Date of Inspection
7 Date of Preparation
8 Mode of Construction
of the Building
i. Foundation No data available
ii. Floors Rcc slab finished with
various tiles
iii. Walls The structure is
enclosed with masonry
walls of thickness of
300mm (with plaster)
externally. Internal
partition walls are
260mm (with plaster)
thick
iv. Beams RCC
v. Columns RCC
vi. Roof RCC
vii. Over Head Tan An RCC Over-head tank
is placed on the
headroom slab.
9 History of Repairs done
year wise
a) Slab Recasting No data is available.
b) Column Jacketing No data is available.
c) Structurals Repairs No data is available.
d) Roof / Water waterproofing is
Proofing provided on the terrace
slab
e) Plumbing PVC pipes are provided
for sanitary system
f) Addition / Alteration , No Addition and
if any alternation seem to
have been made as
verified with existing
available Plans.
10 Condition of-
Internal Plaster Internal plaster is noted
with damages of
localized nature.
External Plaster The external plaster is
noted to be in good
condition.
Plumbing No major defects are
observed in the existing
plumbing lines except
for the leakage/
seepage issues due to
opened out joints
Drain lines / chamber No data available
11 Observations:
a) Columns & Steel Yes. The existing
Exposed columns, slabs soffits,
chhajja soffits/drops
etc. are noted affected
with corrosion related
damages at a few
locations.
b) Settlement , uneven No settlement is
flooring gaps between observed anywhere in
the skirting & floor the structure.
c) Foundation No signs of settlement
settlement of the foundation are
observed anywhere in
the structure.
d) Deflections & sagging No signs of deflections/
sagging are observed
anywhere in the
structure
e) Major cracks in the Yes. Cracks are noted in
columns / beams the R.C.C. columns &
beams at a few
locations and a diagonal
crack is noted on the
beam at many locations
f) Seepages / Leakages Leakage/ seepage issues
of localized nature are
observed through the
terrace and external
walls.
g) Staircase area / Columns in the staircase
column conduction area are found in good
condition. Staircase
area & head rooms are
noted with separation
cracks between the RCC
members and masonry
walls
h) Staircase area / Therefore, detailed
column visual inspection of the
lift walls could not be
carried out
I) Lift walls Therefore, detailed
visual inspection of the
lift
j) Water tank Therefore, detailed
visual inspection.
k) Chhajja Minor IPS cracks are
noted on the headroom
Chhajja.
l) vegegation Localized vegetation
growth is noted in the
Terrace area.
3.3 Non Destructive and Destructive Testing.
In addition to visual inspection, the real strength and quality of a
concrete structure need to be checked with non-destructive tests. A
number of non-destructive tests (NDT) for concrete members are
available to determine present strength and quality of concrete.
Some of these tests are very useful in assessment of damage to RCC
structures subjected to corrosion, chemical attack, and fire and due
to other reasons. These tests have been put under four categories
depending on the purpose of test as under:
Non-Destructive testing is a method by which the existing condition
of the structure can be analyzed without causing damages to the
structure.
These methods are non-destructive as they do not impair the
function of the structure and evaluate changes in properties with
time. Based on the nature of distresses observed, the following non-
destructive tests were suggested and carried out:-
1. Rebound Hammer Test (RHT).
2. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test (UPV).
3. Carbonation Test.
4. Cell potential tests.
3.4 Methods of maintenance and repairs of RCC
structure in building
Here are some common methods of maintenance and repairs of RCC
(Reinforced Cement Concrete) structures in buildings:
Maintenance Methods
1. Regular inspections: Periodic visual inspections to identify signs of
distress, damage, or deterioration.
2. Cleaning and washing: Regular cleaning and washing of the
structure to remove dirt, grime, and other substances that can cause
damage.
3. Waterproofing: Applying waterproofing coatings or membranes to
protect the structure from water ingress.
4. Reapplication of protective coatings: Reapplying protective
coatings, such as paint or varnish, to protect the structure from
environmental factors.
Repair Methods
1. Concrete patching: Repairing damaged or deteriorated concrete
by applying a patching compound.
2. Concrete replacement: Replacing damaged or deteriorated
concrete with new concrete.
3. Reinforcement repair: Repairing or replacing damaged or corroded
reinforcement.
4. Grouting: Filling voids or gaps in the concrete with a grouting
material.
5. Epoxy injection: Injecting epoxy resin into cracks or voids to repair
and strengthen the concrete.
6. Structural strengthening: Strengthening the structure by adding
additional reinforcement, such as steel plates or fiber-reinforced
polymers (FRP).
7. Corrosion protection: Applying corrosion protection measures,
such as cathode protection, to protect the reinforcement from
corrosion.
Advanced Repair Methods
1. fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping: Wrapping the structure
with FRP materials to strengthen and repair it.
2. Shotcrete repair: Repairing damaged or deteriorated concrete
with shotcrete.
3. Precast concrete repair: Repairing damaged or deteriorated
concrete with precast concrete elements.
4. Advanced grouting techniques: Using advanced grouting
techniques, such as vacuum grouting, to repair and strengthen the
concrete.
Specialized Repair Methods
1. Seismic retrofitting: Strengthening the structure to resist seismic
forces.
2. Wind retrofitting: Strengthening the structure to resist wind
forces.
3. Foundation repair: Repairing damaged or deteriorated
foundations.
4. Structural stabilization: Stabilizing the structure to prevent
collapse or further damage.
It's essential to note that the choice of repair method depends on
the severity and nature of the damage, as well as the structure's
design and construction.
4. Reference
1. “STRUCTURAL AUDIT OF RCC BUILDING” by A.B. Mahadik [Link]. (4)
(2014). Structural Audit Repair and Rehabilitation of Building.
2. “STRUCTURAL AUDIT OF RCC BUILDING” by Sanket Sanjay
Suryawanshi, Vaibhav Vishnu Vishe, Deepak Premchand Sah, Reetika
Sharan (2018).