Software Design Patterns Tutorial

Last Updated : 02 Jan, 2025

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Software design patterns are important tools developers, providing proven

solutions to common problems encountered during software development.
This article will act as tutorial to help you understand the concept of design
patterns. Developers can create more robust, maintainable, and scalable
software systems by understanding and applying these patterns.

Table of Content
 What are Design Patterns?
 Why Learn Design Patterns?
 Types of Software Design Patterns
 o Creational Design Patterns
o Structural Design Patterns
o Behavioral Design Patterns
 Design Patterns in Different Languages
 Interview Questions on Software Design Patterns
What are Design Patterns?
Reusable solutions for typical software design challenges are known as
design patterns. Expert object-oriented software engineers use these best
practices to write more structured, manageable, and scalable code. Design
patterns provide a standard terminology and are specific to particular
scenarios and problems. Design patterns are not finished code but
templates or blueprints only.
Key Characteristics of Design Patterns
 Reusability: Patterns can be applied to different projects and problems,
saving time and effort in solving similar issues.
 Standardization: They provide a shared language and understanding
among developers, helping in communication and collaboration.
 Efficiency: By using these popular patterns, developers can avoid
finding the solution to same recurring problems, which leads to faster
development.
 Flexibility: Patterns are abstract solutions/templates that can be
adapted to fit various scenarios and requirements.
Why Learn Design Patterns?
There are multiple reasons to learn design patterns:
 Code that is simpler to comprehend, update, and expand is produced
with the help of design patterns.
 They offer solutions that have been tried and tested as well as best
practices.
 Learning this enables them to quickly and effectively address similar
challenges in various projects.
 Developers can produce reusable components that can be utilized in a
variety of applications by implementing design patterns.
 This reduces redundancy and saves development time.

Types of Software Design Patterns

There are three types of Design Patterns:
 Creational Design Pattern
 Structural Design Pattern
 Behavioral Design Pattern
1. Creational Design Patterns
Creational Design Patterns focus on the process of object creation or
problems related to object creation. They help in making a system
independent of how its objects are created, composed and represented.

Types of Creational Design Patterns:

 Factory Method Design Pattern
o This pattern is typically helpful when it's necessary to separate
the construction of an object from its implementation.
o With the use of this design pattern, objects can be produced
without having to define the exact class of object to be created.
 Abstract Factory Method Design Pattern
o Abstract Factory pattern is almost similar to Factory Pattern and
is considered as another layer of abstraction over factory
pattern.
o Abstract Factory patterns work around a super-factory which
creates other factories.
 Singleton Method Design Pattern
o Of all, the Singleton Design pattern is the most straightforward
to understand.
 o It guarantees that a class has just one instance and offers a
way to access it globally.
 Prototype Method Design Pattern
o Prototype allows us to hide the complexity of making new
instances from the client.
o The concept is to copy an existing object rather than creating a
new instance from scratch, something that may include costly
operations.
 Builder Method Design Pattern
o To “Separate the construction of a complex object from its
representation so that the same construction process can
create different representations.” Builder pattern is used
o It helps in constructing a complex object step by step and the
final step will return the object.
2. Structural Design Patterns
Structural Design Patterns solves problems related to how classes and
objects are composed/assembled to form larger structures which are
efficient and flexible in nature. Structural class patterns use inheritance to
compose interfaces or implementations.
Types of Structural Design Patterns:
 Adapter Method Design Pattern
o The adapter pattern convert the interface of a class into another
interface clients expect.
o Adapter lets classes work together that couldn’t otherwise
because of incompatible interfaces.
 Bridge Method Design Pattern
o The bridge pattern allows the Abstraction and the
Implementation to be developed independently.
o The client code can access only the Abstraction part without
being concerned about the Implementation part.
 Composite Method Design Pattern
o As a partitioning design pattern, the composite pattern
characterizes a collection of items that are handled the same
way as a single instance of the same type of object.
o The intent of a composite is to “compose” objects into tree
structures to represent part-whole hierarchies.
 Decorator Method Design Pattern
o It allows us to dynamically add functionality and behavior to an
object without affecting the behavior of other existing objects
within the same class.
o We use inheritance to extend the behavior of the class. This
takes place at compile-time, and all the instances of that class
get the extended behavior.
 Facade Method Design Pattern
o Facade Method Design Pattern provides a unified interface to a
set of interfaces in a subsystem.
o Facade defines a high-level interface that makes the subsystem
easier to use.
 Flyweight Method Design Pattern
o This pattern provides ways to decrease object count thus
improving application required objects structure.
o Flyweight pattern is used when we need to create a large
number of similar objects.
 Proxy Method Design Pattern
o Proxy means ‘in place of’, representing’ or ‘in place of’ or ‘on
behalf of’ are literal meanings of proxy and that directly explains
Proxy Design Pattern.
 o Proxies are also called surrogates, handles, and wrappers.
They are closely related in structure, but not purpose, to
Adapters and Decorators.
3. Behavioral Design Patterns
Behavioral Patterns are concerned with algorithms and the assignment of
responsibilities between objects. Behavioral patterns describe not just
patterns of objects or classes but also the patterns of communication
between them. These patterns characterize complex control flow that’s
difficult to follow at run-time.

Types of Behavioral Design Patterns:

 Chain Of Responsibility Method Design Pattern
o Chain of responsibility pattern is used to achieve loose coupling
in software design where a request from the client is passed to
a chain of objects to process them.
 o Later, the object in the chain will decide themselves who will be
processing the request and whether the request is required to
be sent to the next object in the chain or not.
 Command Method Design Pattern
o A behavioral design pattern called the Command Pattern
transforms a request into an independent object with all of the
information's request
o This object can be passed around, stored, and executed at a
later time.
 Interpreter Method Design Pattern
o Interpreter pattern is used to defines a grammatical
representation for a language and provides an interpreter to
deal with this grammar.
 Mediator Method Design Pattern
o It enables decoupling of objects by introducing a layer in
between so that the interaction between objects happen via the
layer.
 Memento Method Design Patterns
o It is used to return an object's state to its initial state.
o You might wish to create checkpoints in your application and
return to them at a later time when it develops.
 Observer Method Design Pattern
o It establishes a one-to-many dependency between objects,
meaning that all of the dependents (observers) of the subject
are immediately updated and notified when the subject
changes.
 State Method Design Pattern
o When an object modifies its behavior according to its internal
state, the